Loading...

Archive

    20 June 2020, Volume 57 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

    For Selected: Toggle Thumbnails
    Effects of Row Spacing and Density on Cotton Yield in Early Maturity Cotton Area
    DUN lei, LI Pengcheng, YU Chao, WAN Sumei, DONG Helin
    2020, 57(6): 981-989.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.001
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1205KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To explore the effects of different row spacing and densities on the growth and quality of cotton in the early maturity cotton area of southern Xinjiangin the hope of providing theoretical basis for reasonable density and row spacing. 【Method】 A split-plot field experiment with three replicates was carried out in Wensu County, Aksu, Southern Xinjiang, with three row spacing in the main plots (66 cm, A1; 76 cm, A2; 86 cm, A3), and three planting densities in the subplots (120,000 plants /hm2, B1; 150,000 plants /hm2, B2; and 180,000 plants /hm2, B3). 【Results】 As cotton planting density increased, cotton plant height and internode length increased, stem became thinner, and the number of bolls per plant decreased under the same row spacing. While under the same planting density, increasing the row spacing led to the plant spacing becoming smaller, the vertical competition was greater than the horizontal competition, and the larger the row spacing was, the greater was the inclination angle of cotton to the rows. With the increase of density, the yield of different row spacing increased. The average yield of narrow row spacing was lower than that of wide row spacing and middle row spacing. 【Conclusion】 Under the same density, cotton with narrow row spacing sealed early with more vegetative branches, high leaf area index, and poor ventilation and light transmittance in the bottom, which resulted in more buds and bolls shedding. As cotton plant spacing in wide rows was small, the time of sealing was late it leaded to a late sealing and lowthe leaf area index was low. With the increase of planting density, the bolls per unit area increased while the bolls decreased, and the yield of high density treatment with middle row spacing was the highest. Row spacing and density had a significant effect on seed cotton yield, but the interaction between row spacing and density was not significant.
    Effects of Densification and Nitrogen Reduction on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Cotton
    LI Minghua, LU Xi, CUI Jing, FAN Hua, ZHAO Wenqing, LIU Yang, MA Fuyu
    2020, 57(6): 990-999.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.002
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1725KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To explore the effects of planting density and nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield of cotton. 【Methods】 Lumianyan 24 was used to study the effects of planting density and nitrogen application on cotton growth under three different planting densities (D1 69,000, D2 138,000 and D3 240,000 hm2) and four different nitrogen treatments (195.5, 299, 402.5, 506 kg·hm2(N1、N2、N3、N4).【Results】 The results showed that, compared with D1, the total dry matter of plants treated by D2 and D3 increased by 31% and 36% on average from flowering stage to early boll stage, respectively; While D3 only increased by 6% compared with D2 treatment. The results of plant density and nitrogen application interaction showed that D3N1 obtained the highest dry matter, followed by D3N4 and D2N2 treatments. According to regression equation, the population dry matter under D3N1 treatment was larger, while the population dry matter under D2N2 treatment was the largest with a maximum value of 25,010 kg/hm2. In the full flowering period, the proportion of main stems and leaves in D3N1 treatment was relatively high, but the proportion of fruit branches and leaves was the lowest. In boll-opening stage, the proportion among main stems leaves area, fruit branches leaves area and leaves branches leaves area was close to 1∶1∶ 1. The LAI under any nitrogen treatments was D3> D2> D1, and the LAI under medium and high density treatment was significantly larger than that under low density. Yield component factor analysis showed that the highest yield was D3N1 treatment, and D3N2 treatment also achieved higher yields. 【Conclusion】 Higher yield can also be obtained after increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen application. The planting density has increased from the conventional 138,000 plants/hm2 to 240,000 plants/hm2, and the nitrogen application rate has decreased from the conventional 402.5 kg/hm2 to 195.5 kg/hm2, the yield increased by 2.7%. The significant increase in boll numbers after densification and nitrogen reduction is an important guarantee for high yield of cotton.
    Evaluation and Selection of Upland Cotton Varieties Suitable for Melon-Cotton Intercropping Pattern
    LIU Xiangyu, LOU Shanwei, WANG Ruihua, ZHANG Pengzhong, Bahargul Xamxi, PENG Hua, REN Hongsong
    2020, 57(6): 1000-1008.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.003
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1152KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To evaluate and select upland cotton varieties suitable for melon-cotton intercropping patter based on the morphological indexes and yield indexes.【Methods】The evaluation of quantitative traits about plant height, fruiting sites and position, number of fruit branch, open bolls number per plant, effective bolls number per plant, boll weight, lint percentage, seed cotton yield, lint yield and breeding time of 14 cotton varieties under the condition of cotton and melon intercropping pattern were evaluated by correlation analysis, principal components analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and Stepwise discriminant analysis, etc.【Result】The results of the correlation analysis showed that the correlations were complex between 10 quantitative traits,because 3 of these coefficients were extremely significantly correlated at P< 0.01 and 2 of these coefficients were significantly correlated at P< 0.05;The results of the principal components analysis showed that the first five principal components represent 89.77% of the information which was the 10 quantitative traits of the 14 cotton varieties. The contribution rates were respectively 26.89%, 21.94%, 18.19%, 13.23% and 9.53%;The results of the hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the 14 cotton cultivars were clustered into three categories when the class separation distance was 4.75. Among them, the first class, whose form was not luxuriant with low yield, had 6 varieties, the class Ⅱ, whose form was more luxuriant with the highest yield, had 2 varieties, the class Ⅲ, whose form was the most luxuriant with a higher yield, had 6 varieties;The results of the Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the results of cluster analysis were accurate and reliable,whose identification rate was 100%;The results of the correlation analysis showed that the varieties with higher weighted incidence degree than daizi-80 (CK) included: Xingnong 7, Upland Cotton series 1, Xinluzhong 49, Xinluzhong 51, Xinluzhong 40 and Zhongmian 63.【Conclusion】According to hierarchical cluster analysis, Stepwise discriminant analysis and weighted correlation analysis, it was considered that: Xingnong No.7 and Xinluzhong No.51, had production potential and popularization and application value under the melon-cotton intercropping pattern in Turpan. Upland cotton No. 1, Xinluzhong No. 40 and Xinluzhong No. 49 could be used as reserve varieties.
    Effects of Ethylene Inhibitors on Cotton Growth and Yield Formation
    LI Pengbing, LU Xi, LI Minghua, YANG Siyu, WEN Ming, ZHAO Yun, LIU Yang, MA Fuyu
    2020, 57(6): 1009-1017.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.004
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1822KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To study the effects of two ethylene inhibitors on cotton growth and yield, and to provide theoretical basis for high yield of cotton. 【Methods】 The effects of two different plant growth regulators on dry matter accumulation, quality and yield of cotton were studied by field experiments. The experiment was designed to spray α - aminoisobutyric acid (AIB, concentration of 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 200 mg/L) and silver nitrate (AgNO3, concentration of 2 mg/L, 3 mg /L, 4 mg /L) on the leaves. 【Results】 The results showed that two ethylene inhibitors could promote the increase of leaf area index, relative chlorophyll content and number of branches; AIB treatment and AgNO3 treatment increased bud number and boll number. Ethylene inhibitors increased the dry matter accumulation, the transformation of assimilates to reproductive organs, the number of bolls and the weight of bolls by increasing leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content. 【Conclusion】 According to the analysis of cotton yield, spraying AIB and AgNO3 on the leaves can effectively improve the cotton yield. The effect of AIB spraying on the leaf surface on the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton was better. The results can provide theoretical basis for cotton high-yield cultivation in Xinjiang.
    Effects of Basal Fertilizer Reduction on Growth and Development, Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution, Yield and Quality of Different Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang
    Huang Guangwei, Wang Zhiqiang, Chen Guodong, Hu Shoulin, Guo Zixuan, Mao Tingyong, Liling, Zhangwei, Zhi Jinhu, Yao Yongsheng, Zhai Yunlong, Wan Sumei
    2020, 57(6): 1018-1029.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.005
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1181KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To find out the demand of different cotton varieties for basal fertilizer application, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of basal fertilizer and make cotton field high yield and high efficiency. 【Methods】 Based on the observation of cotton growth period and growth and development indexes, and the comprehensive comparison of yield and quality characters of different cotton varieties, the best planting varieties with reduced basal fertilizer application in Alar reclamation area were screened. 【Results】 The results showed that with the decrease of basal fertilizer application, the growth days of Xinluzhong 55 were the longest. Under the treatment of base fertilizer, the plant height of cotton Z1112 was the highest, and the dry matter accumulation was the most, but the nutrient was more consumed for nutrition growth, but less for reproduction growth. Under the treatment of no basal fertilizer, 55 kinds of dry matter accumulation was the least in Xinluzhong 55, so the base fertilizer should be applied to achieve high yield and efficiency. The yield and quality characters of Xinluzhong 22 were better than that of Xinluzhong 55, and there was no significant difference between the yield and quality characters of Xinluzhong 22 when the basal fertilizer was applied half amount, which could reduce the basal fertilizer and increase the fertilizer utilization rate.【Conclusion】Under the background of Alar Reclamation Area, the most economic benefit can be obtained by planting Xinluzhong 22.
    Effects of Exogenous Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Cotton Straw Decomposition
    WANG Zhifang , WANG Xiaowu, LI Chenhua, Glnur Ahmaiti, DAI Jinping, CHEN Jing, XIE Yuqing, FENG Lei, YANG Xinping
    2020, 57(6): 1030-1038.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.006
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2070KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To study the effects of exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus potassium fertilizers on the decomposition of cotton straw in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the fertilization and matrix utilization of cotton straw.【Methods】 The net bag decomposition method was used to set up three treatments: natural decomposition of cotton straw, decomposition of cotton straw with nitrogen fertilizer (urea), and decomposition of cotton straw with phosphorus potassium fertilizer (potassium phosphate). The samples were collected at early stage (0-7 d), middle stage (7-14 d), late stage (14-21 d), and last stage (21-28 d). The cotton straw quality and cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content were measured. Then the cotton straw cumulative weight loss and period weight loss rate, as well as the cumulative degradation rate and period degradation rate of the three fiber components were analyzed.【Results】 Adding nitrogen fertilizer could increase the cumulative weight loss rate of cotton straw, which was 6.7% higher than that of natural decomposition. After adding phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the weight loss rate of cotton straw was reduced by 6.3% compared with natural decomposition. After nitrogen fertilizer was added, the degradation rate of cotton straw decreased significantly in the early stage of decomposition compared with natural decomposition, and then the decomposition rate accelerated. The degradation rate of natural decomposition and phosphate potassium fertilizer treatment was the fastest in the early stage of decomposition, and it decreased significantly in the middle stage, and then increased slowly afterwards. Adding nitrogen and phosphorus potassium fertilizers could increase the degradation rate of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. At the end of decomposition, compared with natural decomposition, the cumulative degradation rate of cellulose by adding nitrogen fertilizer increased by 178.29%, and the addition of phosphorus potassium fertilizer increased by 47.82%; the cumulative degradation rate of hemicellulose by adding nitrogen and phosphorus potassium fertilizers was basically the same, whose increase was around 40.6%; The degradation rate of lignin increased by 9.13% and 59.6% respectively by adding nitrogen fertilizer and potassium phosphate. The fastest stage of cellulose degradation was the addition of nitrogen fertilizer at the end of decomposition, phosphorus potassium fertilizer at the later stage of decomposition, and CK at the early and middle stages. The fastest stage was at hemicellulose degradation stage and all three treatments were in the early stage of decomposition. The fastest stage of lignin degradation was found in the early and mid-stage stage.【Conclusion】 The addition of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus potassium fertilizer could promote the decomposition degree of cotton straw. The nitrogen fertilizer degradation degree was higher than that of phosphorus potassium fertilizer. The degradation tendency of nitrogen fertilizer on cotton straw was different from that of CK and phosphorus potassium fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer promoted cellulose degradation more than phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; The degree of promotion of the degradation of hemicellulose by nitrogen and potassium fertilizer was almost the same; The degradation of lignin was promoted more than that of nitrogen fertilizer, and the process of degradation was different.
    Preliminary Study on the Optimal Combination of Cotton Density and Mepiquat chloride Application Rate under the Planting Mode of One Film with Three Rows in Southern Xinjiang
    HUO Feichao, LI Pengcheng, LI Yunhai, ZHENG Cangsong, FENG Weina, DUN Lei, HU Shoulin, DONG Helin
    2020, 57(6): 1039-1048.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.007
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1055KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 Our objectives are to find out the optimal combination of cotton planting density and mepiquat-chloride application rate under the cotton planting mode of one film with three rows and provide theoretical support for its application in production by studying the corresponding effects on growth, development and yield of cotton. 【Method】 A split-plot field experiment was carried out with three densities in the main plots (94,000;141,000;188,000 plants/hm2) and three mepiquat-chloride application rates in the subplots (90,180 and 270 g/hm2). 【Result】 The results showed that plant height was positively correlated with plant density and negatively correlated with the application rate of mepiquat-chloride. In addition, a negative correlation was found between stem diameter and density, while positive correlation was found between stem diameter and the application rate of mepiquat-chloride. Seed cotton yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of density and application rate of mepiquat-chloride. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that cotton planting density of 141,000 plants/hm2 and DPC 180 g/hm2 were the most favorable for the growth and production of cotton.
    Effects of cheimcal feritilzers appilcaiton combined with manure   on yield and nutrient absorption in cotton field
    Halihashi·Yibati, Li Qingjun , Zhang Yan
    2020, 57(6): 1049-1056.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.008
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1032KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To compare the effects of chemical fertilizer application combined with manure on cotton productivity and nitrogen utilization efficiency in drip irrigation cotton field, and to provide scientific basis for rational utilization of organic nutrient resources and adjustment of cotton fertilization structure in Xinjiang.【Method】Five treatments were designed, including (1) CK: no N fertilizer; (2) CF: chemical fertilizer; (3)LMCF: Low quantity organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer (chicken manure composting 1,500 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer); (4) MMCF: middle quantity organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer(chicken manure composting 3,000 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer) (5) HMCF: High quantity organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer(chicken manure composting 4,500 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer)【Result】Compared with chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer application combined with low quantity manure significantly increased the amount of cotton production, the production rate was 9.1%, the above ground dry matter accumulation, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient uptake increased by 1.7%, 2.5% and 6.9% respectively. The nitrogen recovery efficiency of chemical fertilizer application combined with low quantity manure increased by 3.2% compared with that of chemical fertilizer alone. Nitrogen partial productivity, fertilizer nitrogen contribution and agronomic efficiency increased by 9.1%, 35.5% and 56.1% than fertilizer alone. For the yield of cotton, the net yield of low quantity organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer was equivalent to that of chemical fertilizer treatment. 【Conclusion】 Low quantity organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer has the best effect on improving cotton yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in Xinjiang.
    Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Cation Exchange Capacity of Different Types of Saline Soil in Cotton Planting Region of Upper Reach of Tarim River
    ZHANG Cuili, ZHI Jinhu, HANG Guibing, YAO Yongsheng, BU Dongsheng
    2020, 57(6): 1057-1070.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.009
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1958KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To find out the profile distribution rules and influencing factors under different types of saline soil CEC in cotton planting region of upper reach of Tarim River.【Method】Five typical salts of meadow solonchak (MeS), Marshy solonchak (MaS), Residual Solonchak (ReS), Proluvial Solonchak (PrS), and Desert solonchak (DeS) were studied and the relationship between CEC and soil physical and chemical properties was quantified by grey correlation method.【Results】 The saline soil CEC in the profiles ranged from 2.02 to 25.54 cmol/kg and the average value was 12.39 cmol/kg. The variation of CEC with the depth of the profile varied with each type of saline soil. The MeS had the highest CEC, followed by the ReS, the DeS , the PrS and then the MaS. Clay particle (CL) was the main source of CEC in saline soil in arid areas. pH, CaCO3, total exchangeable base cations content (TEB) and exchangeable sodium saturation percentage (ESP) were significantly positively correlated with the saline soil CEC, and were the main influencing factors of CEC in saline soil. The contribution of CaCO3 to the saline soil CEC could not be ignored. The soil organic matter (SOM) content was very low and had no significant effect on the CEC of saline soil. Exchangeable calcium saturation percentage (CaSP), exchangeable magnesium saturation percentage (MgSP) and exchangeable potassium saturation percentage (KSP) had significant inhibitory effects on saline soil CEC.【Conclusion】The CEC of different types of saline soils in cotton planting region of the upper reach of the Tarim River is significantly different. The results show that different types of saline soils have different properties of fertilizer conservation, fertilizer supply and buffering. pH, CaCO3, TEB and ESP is CEC main contribution factor. SOM has no significant effect on the CEC of saline soil.
    Assessment and screen of alternative pest control approaches for endosulfan in Xinjiang cotton production area
    TANG Rui, YU Lang, GAO Yongjian, WANG Haoyang, ZHENG Zhe, Kahaerman Huji, YANG Han, ZHANG Jinping, ZHANG Feng, YANG Puyun, GUO Rong
    2020, 57(6): 1071-1080.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.010
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2269KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 Screening integrated pest management method and technology that can replace endosulfan in Xinjiang cotton areas to promote agricultural pesticide and fertilization reduction and elimination of endosulfan.【Method】The selected 14 kinds of endosulfan replacement methods were used in the 755 acres of Xinjiang cotton area to conduct field plot trials on the second and third generation cotton bollworms and concurrently on aphids. The social and ecological benefits of the alternative methods were evaluated in order to develop integrated pest management approach for cotton field in Xinjiang.【Result】The highest daily average moth trapping rate of (15 ± 2.6) moths in the H. armigera pheromone trapping field and (22.2 ± 8.6) moths in the conventional field was not significantly different. For the comparison of the aphid control effects among treatments, the medium dose of emamectin benzoate (-70.00 ± 27.10) %and emamectin benzoate/lufenuron (-67.32 ± 44.51) %were significantly lower than that of the endosulfan control (20.07± 17.81)% .The field beneficial insect survey showed that lacewing was the dominant species with the highest percentage of 81%, and the experimental treatment had the greatest impact on ladybirds, the highest percentage of which decreased from 48% to 18%. PCA and cluster analysis showed a weighted score of 15 for endosulfan, four best alternatives weighted above 20 in other treatments and three excellent alternatives weighted above 15.【Conclusion】Results showed that 4 alternatives including sex pheromone trapping, chlorantraniliprole, Helicoverpa armigera NPV, and Bacillus thuringiensis were superior to endosulfan. The other 3 methods including Empedobacter brevis, flubendiamide, and emamectin benzonate/lufenuron were excellent alternatives which are comparable to endosulfan. According to the test results and the local cotton planting situation, it is recommended to combine the above 7 alternative methods in developing cotton IPM strategies in Xinjiang cotton production area.
    Comparison of Comprehensive Control Effects of Matrine and Conventional Chemical Pesticides on Aphis gossypii Glover in Northern Xinjiang
    CHEN Wenjing, LI Haijiang, WU Wenzhong, SUN Yan, FENG Likai, ZHAO Jing, LIU Zheng
    2020, 57(6): 1081-1089.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.011
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1035KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To evaluate the control effect of matrine on Aphis gossypii Glover, the protective effect on natural enemies and the significance of cost-saving and efficiency enhancement in northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Conventional chemical pesticide, biological agent matrine and blank control were set up for 3 treatments to explore the evaluation of control effect on Aphis gossypii Glover, protection effect of natural enemies and economic benefit. 【Results】 Chemical pesticides were used more often than the biological agent matrine, and the biological agent matrine was able to better protect natural enemies. Comprehensive economic benefit evaluation showed that the cost-saving and synergistic effect per 667m2 ranged from 23.00 to 78.65 yuan. 【Conclusion】 The application of the biological agent matrine can reduce the application times, maintain the effective period for a long time, better protect the natural enemies, reduce the cost and increase the benefit, and achieve the purpose of cost savings and efficiency enhancement.
    Effects of Tetraniliprole on the Control of Spodoptera litura in Cotton Fields
    XU Lina, WU Chenyuan, HU Fei, ZHOU Ziyan, HU Benjing
    2020, 57(6): 1090-1094.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.012
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1006KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 Diamide insecticide is a new kind of insecticide which takes the receptor of fish nicotine as the target and has very high insecticidal activity to it. Chlorantraniliprole is the main variety of diamide insecticide. Due to the emergence of drug resistance, we have carried out the indoor bioassay and field efficacy test of a new kind of diamide insecticide tetraniliprole to S. litura. 【Methods】 The toxicity of tetraniliprole to the 3 rd instar larvae of S. litura was determined by the method of artificial feed mixture, the data were processed by the method of probability analysis, the regression equation and LD50 were calculated by SAS statistical analysis system, the field tests was carried out by spraying insecticide suspension, and the Duncan'smultiple range test (DMRT) was used to statistically analyze the effects of different treatments. 【Results】 The results of indoor bioassay experiment showed that the LD50 of tetraniliprole to S. litura was 0.58 μg/g, and the LD50 of chlorantraniliprole to S. litura was 1.12 μg/g. Tetraniliprole had higher insecticidal activity, but there was no significant difference between tetraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole. The results of field tests showed that 3 days after the treatment, the control effects of 18% tetraniliprole suspension 7.5 and 10 mL/ 667m2 on S. liturawas were 85.00% and 87.87%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of 5.0 mL/ 667m2. However, the difference with 5% chlorantraniliprole 45 mL/667m2 was not significant. 7 days after the treatment, the control effect of three concentrations of 18% tetraniliprole suspension on S. litura was not significantly different with the 45 mL/667m2 of 5% chlorantraniliprole. On the 14 th day after the treatment, the control effect of 10 mL/667 m2 of 18% tetraniliprole suspension was significantly higher than that of 5.0 and 7.5 mL/667 m2, but there was no significant difference compared with 45 mL/667 m2 of 5% chlorantraniliprole. 【Conclusion】 The 18% tetraniliprole suspension had a good control effect on S. litura , and its control effect increases with increasing concentration. It has a good application prospect in the control of S. litura in cotton fields.
    Effects of E-β-farnesene on the Olfactory Selection Behavior and Feeding Rateof Coccinella undecimpunctata and Propylaea japonica
    SU Yue, WANG Juan, MA Xue, XIONG Renci, YAO Yongsheng
    2020, 57(6): 1095-1102.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.013
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1551KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 Olfactory behavior response and feeding preference of Coccinella undecimpunctata and Propylaea japonica after releasing [E]-β-farnesene (reffered as EβF in the following part) were studied for providing scientific basis of controlling the population growth of cotton aphids through reasonable combination of natural enemies.【Method】In the laboratory, the olfactory behavior response of Coccinella undecimpunctata and Propylaea japonica on different doses of EβF were determined by olfactometer, and the feeding selective rates of adult ladybirds and 3rd instar larvae feeding on Aphis gossypii by releasing different doses EβF on cotton plants were calculated respectively in this study.【Result】Adult ladybirds and 3rd instar larvae of Coccinella undecimpunctata and Propylaea japonica showed an evident positive response to the dosage treatments 20 or 40 μL/mL EβF; The feeding selection responses of adults and 3rd instar larvae of Coccinella undecimpunctata and Propylaea japonica in the release concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 μL/mL EβF were significant higher than those in control group.【Conclusion】The behavioral responses of adults and 3rd instar larvae of the two ladybugs were significantly improved with the suitable dosages of EβF, and EβF played an obviously ecological role in regulation natural enemies of aphids.
    Identification of Active Components in Feces of Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky)
    LI Lun, YANG Chen, CHEN Jing
    2020, 57(6): 1103-1112.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.014
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1133KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To screen out the compounds with electrophysiological and behavioral activities from the fecal volatile compounds of Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) adults.【Method】 The components and contents of the volatile compounds in the feces were collected and identified by using GC-MS. The electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the female and male adults of the beetle to four kinds of volatile compounds in the feces were measured by the EAG and "Y" olfactometer. 【Result】There were 29 compounds in the feces of the adult beetle, including alkenes, aldehydes, esters, acids, alcohols, etc. The EAG responses of the female and male adults to α-caryophyllene, α-pinene, Dragosantol were obvious, and the male and female insects had obvious convergence to 10 μL/mL Dragosantol and α-pinene. 【Conclusion】Dragosantol and α-pinene may be the active components in the feces of the adult.
    Effects on Development and Fecundity of Coccinella undecimpunctata Fed onAphis gossypii Treated with Sublethal Doses of Three Different Insecticides
    MA Xue, HAN Ying, HAN Xu, SU Yue, LI Zhixiong, XIONG Renci, YAO Yongsheng
    2020, 57(6): 1113-1119.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.015
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1032KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 This project aims to provide a scientific basis for the rational use of pesticides and the cooperative biological control of Aphis gossypii by studying the effects on development and fecundity of Coccinella undecimpunctata feeding on Aphis gossypii treated with sublethal doses of imidacloprid, pymetrozine and flonicamid.【Method】According to the results of toxicity determination of LC25 and LC50 of three insecticides on Aphis gossypii, the influence of growth, development and reproduction of Coccinella undecimpunctata feeding on Aphis gossypii treated with sublethal doses by the leaf soaking method were determined.【Result】Aphis gossypii treated with three different pesticides of LC25 and LC50 sublethal concentrations had different effects on the growth, development and reproduction of the Coccinella undecimpunctata. The larval developmental duration of Coccinella undecimpunctata feeding on Aphis gossypii treated with imidacloprid LC25 and LC50 were 3.01 d and 4.57 days longer than that of the control, respectively; After feeding on Aphis gossypii treated with pymetrozine and flonicamid of LC25 and LC50 concentrations, the developmental period of the larvae were prolonged by 0.09, 0.50, 1.48, and 1.64 days, respectively. The difference in fecundity parameters of aphids treated with pymetrozine and flonicamid sublethal doses were not significant, while the Aphis gossypii treated with imidacloprid LC25 and LC50 significantly shortened their spawning period, which were shorter 2.56 and 3.46 days than the control. The number of eggs laid per female decreased by 22.40%, 32.45% compared with the control, and the hatching rate decreased from 75.20% of the control to 68.00% and 62.40%.【Conclusion】Aphis gossypii (pests) treated with the three sublethal concentrations of the three insecticides had different effects on the growth, development and reproduction of the Coccinella undecimpunctata (natural enemy). Therefore, insecticides had certain effects on natural enemies, and the effects of different insecticides and different sublethal doses of the same insecticide on natural enemies were also different.
    Residues Degradation Dynamics of Imidacloprid in Cotton and Its Acute Toxicity to Apis mellifera
    LI Shikui, FAN Jiwen, NING Zhongxiong, LU Wei
    2020, 57(6): 1120-1126.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.016
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1186KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 The aim of this project is to analyze the residual degradation dynamics of imidacloprid in cotton plants and determine the acute toxicity of imidacloprid to Italian honeybees under the exposure route. 【Methods】 The improved QuEChERS method was used in the pretreatment, and the residues degradation dynamics of imidacloprid in cotton leaves, flowers and soil were determined by UPLC-MS, and the acute contact toxicity of imidacloprid to Apis mellifera was determined by drop method. 【Results】 Imidacloprid was a linear relationship between the peak area (y) and the concentration (x). The regression equation was y=4,010.25x+2,746.69, the correlation coefficient r was 0.998,7, and the limit detection concentration (LOQ) was 0.02 mg/kg. The recovery rate of imidacloprid in cotton plant and soil samples was between 94.27% and 101.63%, and the relative deviation rate was between 2.01% and 3.85%. The half lives of imidacloprid in cotton leaves, flowers and soil were 4.02, 4.30 and 5.27 days, respectively, which were easily degradable pesticides. The acute toxicity of imidacloprid to Apis mellifera was 0.064,9 μg a.i./bee at 48 h. 【Conclusion】 the acute contact toxicity of imidacloprid to Apis mellifera is high toxicity, so the safety of imidacloprid to pollinating insects and more attention should be paid to other natural enemies.
    Combined Control of Cotton Spider Mites by Three Kinds of Acaricides and Neoseiulus bicaudus
    FU Zhenshi, BAI Hongrui, TANG Siqiong, SU Jie, CHEN Jing, LU Yanhui, ZHANG Jianping
    2020, 57(6): 1127-1135.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.017
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1267KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To determine the toxicity of three kinds of acaricides on Neoseiulus bicaudus and Tetranychus turkestaniand to screen out a safe chemical acaricide with a high toxicity to T. turkestani but with a low toxicity to the N. bicaudus. On the basis, to determine the field control effect of the safety acaricide and N. bicaudus separate and combined use of both against the T. turkestani in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the coordinated application of chemical control and biological control.【Method】The LC50 value of the three kinds of acaricides against the female adult mites of N. bicaudus and the female adult mites of T. turkestani was determined by spray method in the laboratory, and the control effect of the combination of cyflumetofen and N. bicaudus on the T. turkestani was determined by field experiment.【Result】In the laboratory, the LC50 of propargite to the female adult mites of N. bicaudus and the female adult mites of T. turkestani was 306.028 mg/L and 1,197 mg/L, respectively. The LC50 of spirodiclofen to female adult mites of T. turkestani was 326.394 mg/L. At a high concentration of 1,200 mg/L, the mortality rate of female adult mites of N. bicaudus was only 13.80%. The LC50 of cyflumetofen to the female adult mites of T. turkestani was 65.081 mg/L, and the mortality rate of the female adult of N. bicaudus was only 12.71% at a high concentration of 1,000 mg/L. In field experiment, the control effect of the first zone of combined defense experimental plot in which N. bicaudus was released after the first application of cyflumetofen on T. turkestani was more than 57.00%, and the highest control effect reached 93.34%, the result of which showed it was all higher than those in the second zone of the combined control that applying cyflumetofen after N. bicaudus was lreleased. It was significantly better than that of the biocontrol zone with the release of N. bicaudus only and that of the chemical control zone with the application of cyflumetofen only. Compared with the chemical control area, the control effect of the biological control area was better in the later stage of the experiment, reaching a maximum of 77.06%.【Conclusion】Cyflumetofen is a safe acaricide with high toxicity to T. turkestani and low toxicity to N. bicaudus. It has a good control effect to T. turkestani in the field combined with N. bicaudus. The toxicity differences of different acaricides to spider mites and predator mites were used to protect the predator mites to the maximum extent and achieve the purpose of “controlling spider mites and protecting predator mites”. The combined application of chemical control and biological control can reduce the application times of chemical acarides. At the same time, it ensures that the predatory mites can play the role of continuous spider mites control and achieve a good control effect.
    Behavioral Response of Lysiphlebia japonica Ashmead to Different Cotton Varieties at Different Growth Stages
    WU Xuan, FU Hongwei, WANG Linli, SU Honghua, YANG Yizhong
    2020, 57(6): 1136-1141.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.018
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1281KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 With the large-scale cultivation of transgenic cotton, population of non-target pests such as Aphis gossypii Glover have been increased. Lysiphlebia japonica Ashmead is an important parasitic natural enemy which can control A. gossypii Glover efficiently.【Method】 To evaluate the performance of L. japonica Ashmead in transgenic cottons at different growth stages, three pairs of cotton varieties including GK-12 (its parental isoline: Simian 3), Xinmian 33B (its parental isoline: Xinmian 33) and SGK321 (its parental isoline: Shiyuan 321) were used. All the plants were divided into three treatments: health plants, plants infested by A. gossypii Glover and plants infested by A. gossypii Glover.【Result】 The results showed that L. japonica Ashmead was not able to distinguish the healthy transgenic cotton plants from healthy conventional cotton. L. japonica Ashmead preferred transgenic cottons to conventional cottons after both of them were damaged by A. gossypii Glover. In the aphid removal treatment, L. japonica was more attracted by all three Bt cotton varieties. However, more L. japonica chose the corresponding parental isolines when GK12 was in seven-leaves stage or bud stage and 33B was in seven-leaves stage.【Conclusion】 This research provides an important basis for the ecological safety evaluation of transgenic cotton and integrated pest management in cotton fields.
    Chemical Composition and Toxicity of the Essential Oil derived from Humulus lupulus against Tetranychus turkestani
    ZHAO Nana, FU Wenjia, LU Wei, Gvlmira Amat, DU Shuya
    2020, 57(6): 1142-1150.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.019
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1161KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To determine the toxicity of 4 kinds of plant essential oils and to analyze the active components in the hope providing theoretical basis for the study of new plant acaricide.【Method】 Four kinds of plant essential oils were extracted by steam distillation, and the toxicity of different plant essential oils against the spider mite, Tetranychus turkestani, was determined by leaves-immersion bioassays.【Result】 The result of the study showed that two essential oils of Humulus lupulus L., Dracocephalum moldavica L. exhibited strong contact toxicity against adult T. turkestani with LC50 (median lethal concentration) value of 13.30 and 26.28 mg/mL, the activity of Ver-nohia anthelmintica (L.) willd essential oil with the LC50 value of 47.50 mg/mL, was weak, the worst activity was Dryopteris filix-mas with the LC50 value of 83.09 mg/mL. The commercial essential oil of H. lupulus was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 48 compounds were identified, and the main components of the essential oil of H. lupulus were 1a, 2, 5, 5, Tetramethyl-trans-1a, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8-hexahydro-gamma-chromene (17.15%), (S, E)-3, 7, 11-Trimethyl-6, 10-dodecadienoic acid methyl ester (8.26%) and Caryophyllene oxide (7.99%)【Conclusion】 The study indicates that the essential oil of H. lupulus has potential to be developed into natural acaricide for the control of spider mites.
    Effects of Continuous Damage of Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt) T. V. Egorova on Agronomic and Economic Traits of Cotton
    CAI Xiaohu, LIN Ping, SHI Yahui, HAN Rui, ZHANG Yudong, WU Na, WANG Jungang
    2020, 57(6): 1151-1158.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.020
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2398KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To study the effect of continuous damage of Bolboschoenus planiculmis on cotton in the hope of providing a basis for scientific control of this weed in cotton fields.【Methods】The population density of Bolboschoenus planiculmis was 60 plants / m2 in this experiment. The plant height, stem thickness, main stem node number, knot number, single boll weight, yield and fiber quality index of cotton were determined, which were continuously harm by Bolboschoenus planiculmis for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 d and the whole cotton growth period.【Result】The plant height and stem thickness of cotton decreased with the duration of the damage of Bolboschoenus planiculmis. When the continuous damage period of Bolboschoenus planiculmis was less than 30 days, there was no significant effect on the number of main stem nodes and fruit branches of cotton, but significantly less than 30 d. The continuous damage period of Bolboschoenus planiculmis had no significant effects on the number of bolls in the middle and lower fruit branches of cotton, but the number of bolls and the weight of single bolls on the upper fruit branches significantly decreased. When the continuous damage period of Bolboschoenus planiculmis was more than 10 days, it could significantly reduce the cotton yield and cause the cotton fiber quality index to decrease.【Conclusion】According to the cotton yield index of this experiment, the Bolboschoenus planiculmis should be removed no later than 30 days before the cotton topping.
    Effects of Spraying Adjuvants on Reduction and Synergism of Herbicides in Cotton Field
    ZHANG Qian, WANG Shulin, QI Hong, LI Yan, WANG Yan, FENG Guoyi, LIANG Qinglong, LEI Xiaopeng, LIN Yongzeng
    2020, 57(6): 1159-1165.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.021
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1013KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 To study the synergistic effects of spraying adjuvants on control of gramineous weeds in cotton field in the hope of providing data basis for the application of herbicide scientifically. 【Method】With the pot and field experiments, the control effect of quizalofop-P-ethyl EC on the gramineous weeds such as Digitaria sanguinalis and Eleusine indica was compared by adding additives on the basis of conventional dosage, 20% reduction and 40% reduction.【Result】In the pot experiment, adding adjuvants Foxy SG and Fieldor Max EC under the conventional dosage, the fresh weight control of quizalofop-P-ethyl EC on Digitaria sanguinalis and Eleusine indica increased by 1.75%-5.78%, when the conventional dosage was reduced by 20% and 40%, the control effect of adding adjuvants increased by 7.95%-10.54% and 21.62%-41.63%, respectively. The synergism of Fieldor Max EC was significantly better than Foxy SG, and there was no significant difference between the control effect of adding Fieldor max EC and 40% reduction of conventional dosage. In the field experiment, the result was consistent with pot experiment. The control effect and fresh weight control effect of conventional dosage of quizalofop-P-ethyl EC were increased by 0.83%-4.19%, when Foxy SG and Fieldor Max EC added under conventional dosage and 20% reduction and 40% reduction of quizalofop-P-ethyl EC, the control effects were increased by 1.08%-8.68% and 12.06%-37.74%, respectively. The synergism of Fieldor Max EC was significantly better than that of Foxy SG, and there was no significant difference between the control effects of adding Fieldor max EC or 40% reduction.【Conclusion】The two kinds of adjuvants can significantly improve the herbicidal activity of the quizalofop-P-ethyl EC, and adding adjuvants can solve the problem of control effect decline after reducing the use amount of herbicides. Adding efficient adjuvants in the herbicides is an effective way to achieve the aim of reduction and synergism.
    Study on Remote Monitoring of Cotton Verticillium wilt Diagnosis and Control Management Based on Digital Image
    SHI Zhiyu, PEI Yakun, ZHU Yutao, JIA Yujiao, HU Xiaoqian, HOU Shicong, HOU Yuxia
    2020, 57(6): 1166-1174.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.06.022
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1589KB) ( )  
    【Objective】 In order to accurately monitor and control cotton Verticillium wilt, to provide applicable tools, to obtain the characteristics of typical Verticillium wilt symptom vegetation index and the management of disease control, to provide decision support for the monitoring model and control management of cotton Verticillium wilt.【Method】The relationship between the transformation of vegetation canopy image RGB to HIS space and the vegetation index of typical diseases was studied. The sensitive characteristics of Verticillium wilt symptom changes were obtained by relief-f algorithm, the Verticillium wilt was monitored by SVM, and the monitoring model of Verticillium wilt was established by SVM optimized by GA genetic algorithm.【Results】To obtain a digital image of vegetation index and symptom characteristics of Verticillium wilt of cotton related to leaf structure and chlorophyll content. There was a logarithmic relationship with the diagnosis of vegetation index and severity grade of disease with different severity. The characteristic spectrum of cotton Verticillium wilt was obtained, the disease monitoring model was constructed, and the safety framework for controlling cotton Verticillium wilt was established. 【Conclusion】To achieve the monitoring and disease control management of Cotton Verticillium wilt, and provide new ideas for large-scale accurate monitoring and control of Cotton Verticillium wilt.