Archive

20 April 2021, Volume 58 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology
Soil Fertilizer·Plant Protection·Microbes
Prataculture·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology

Select

Selection of miRNAs and Target Genes in Leaves of Malus sieversii under NaCl Stress HE Chenchen, LIU Lijun, LU Xiaoyan 2021, 58(4): 589-598.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1714KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen miRNA and target genes in response to NaCl stress in Malus sieversii. 【Methods】 In this study, tissue culture seedlings of Malus sieversii were used as experimental materials and small RNA sequencing was performed on leaves of Malus sieversii seedlings treated with 150 mmol/L NaCl for 6 h and 48 h. 【Results】 The results showed that: compared with the control group, 3 miRNAs were differentially expressed when NaCl treatment lasted for 6 h, among which 2 were up-regulated and 1 was down-regulated, and the corresponding target genes of miRNA were 64. When NaCl treatment lasted for 48 h, 13 miRNAs were differentially expressed, among which 4 were up-regulated, 9 were down-regulated, and the corresponding target genes of miRNA were 108. The differential target genes were classified and annotated by GO and KEGG. When NaCl treatment lasted for 6 h, GO enrichment mainly included: inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase activity, oligosaccharyl transferase activity, tRNA wobble adenosine to inosine editing, xylan biosynthetic process, etc. When NaCl treatment lasted for 48 h, GO enrichment mainly included: oxidoreductase activity, DNA binding, Apoplast, secondary metabolic process, etc. KEGG co-accumulate in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway. 【Conclusion】 qRT-PCR verified that the expression levels of mdm-mir168b, mdm-mir159c, mdm-mir827, mdm-mir390f, mdm-mir171i and mdm-mir399j were different when NaCl treatment lasted for 6 h and 48 h, and the expression levels of mdm-mir390f and its target genes HF10976, mdm-mir171i and its target genes HF33844, mdm-mir399j and its target genes HF11095 were negatively correlated. These three miRANs were involved in the response process of Malus sieversii to NaCl stress.

Select

Effects of Foliar Regulators on Color and Quality of Table Grapes in Xinjiang CHEN Kuan, SHI Jiaohua, AN Mengjie, WANG Xiaoli, WANG Kaiyong 2021, 58(4): 599-606.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1731KB) ( )   【Objective】 In view of the problem of the quality decline caused by the incomplete coloring and unreasonable use of regulators in Table grape in Xinjiang, the research object of this study was to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the independent R & D regulator with the marketed regulator and foliar fertilizer, and to study the influence of the independent R & D foliar regulator on the coloring and quality of grape. 【Methods】 In this study, the effects of spraying different regulators and foliar fertilizer on the coloration and quality of grape were studied by using grape ('Red Earth') as material and single -factor random block test design. 【Results】 Compared with other treatments, spraying the self-developed foliar conditioner could effectively increase the color parameters of grapes, enhance the accumulation of anthocyanins, gradually increase the activity of coloring-related enzymes, increase the vertical and horizontal diameter of fruits, and increase the swelling rate at a high level. With the increase of the content, the hardness of the peel decreased with time. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the market regulator and foliar fertilizer, all the indexes were in high level, which could effectively improve the coloration and quality of grape fruit. Compared with marketing regulator and foliar fertilizer, all the indexes of leaf regulator developed independently are in high level, which can effectively improve the color and quality index of grape fruit.

Select

Study on Juice Suitability of Different SSC Aksu Fuji Apples Stored at Low Temperature YUAN Chao, LI Xiaolei, MENG Xintao, MA Yan, XU Bin, ZHANG Ping, PAN Yan 2021, 58(4): 607-615.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1664KB) ( )   【Objective】 To detect and analyze the quality changes of freshly squeezed juice of Aksu Fuji apple with different soluble solids grades during storage period and determine the quality grade, grading method and storage time for fruit suitable for non-concentrated apple juice-processing raw materials in the hope of providing the reference for the selection in production. 【Methods】 The fruits in three mature stages were harvested, SSC was used to be the classification identification index of fruit harvest quality, and NIR non-destructive detector was used to measure samples and establish grading standards, which were based on statistical results.The fruits were divided into different grades and packaged before refrigeration at (-1±1)℃, the fresh juice quality index changes in different SSC grade fruits were compared, which was stored for 150 days, the grade and the storage period of suitable fruit for juice-processing were analyzed and defined. 【Results】 The quality of freshly squeezed juice of the three grades of low SSC (11.0%-12.9%), medium SSC (13.0%-14.9%), and high SSC (15.0%-16.9%) after storage for 90 days was significantly degraded, which was mainly manifested by the decrease in flavor and color, and increase in browning. suitable storage time within 90 d of low SSC (11.0%-12.9%) grade fruit for juice-processing, solid-acid ratio of 37.04, color value of 49.20, 30.65, 85.74, total phenol content of 169.25 mg GAE/ L, suspension stability of 25.48%, browning degree of 0.331 were detected with outstanding sour-sweet flavor, bright yellow and good suspension stability, which was better of the quality in the freshly squeezed juice of the three SSC grade fruits. 【Conclusion】 Aksu Fuji apple with SSC of 11.0% to 12.90% and a storage period of less than 90 days at (-1 ± 1)℃ can be used as suitable raw materials for juice-processing and the quality of processed non-concentrated reduced apple juice is relatively good.

Select

Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao Leaves WANG Wenjun, CHEN Qiling, ZHENG Qiangqing, WANG Jingjing, WANG Zhendong 2021, 58(4): 616-624.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1697KB) ( )   【Objective】 Taking Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao as the test material, through the comparison of photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of hedgerow wall shape, trunk shape, Y shape (test group) and original small crown sparse layer shape (control CK), as well as the correlation analysis of photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to obtain the jujube tree shape with high light efficiency and to determine the simplified standardized jujube tree shape cultivation mode and provide technical reference and theoretical basis. 【Methods】 Using li-6400xt photosynthetic analyzer and mini-pam-II, the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 4-5-year-old grey jujube trees with different tree shapes were measured. 【Results】 In photosynthetic characteristics, Pn, Gs, Ci and Tr of different tree shapes were different. It could be seen from the light response curve that the PN of each tree increased with the increase of PAR. When PAR was about 0-500 μmol/(m2·s), the Pn value of Y-shape was the highest and the growth rate was the fastest, followed by hedge shape, trunk shape and control (CK); when par was above 500 μmol/(m2·s), the Pn value of hedge shape was the highest, followed by main stem shape, Y-shape and control (CK). Compared with CK, Gs and Tr of hedgerow, trunk and Y-shape were higher, while Ci was lower. Gs and Tr of hedgerow were the highest, Ci was the lowest, which were 0.202, 6.563 mmol/(m2·s) and 196.79 μmol/mol, followed by the main trunk and Y-shape. Gs and Tr of CK are the lowest, Ci was the highest, which were 0.171, 4.828 mmol/(m2·s) and 246.25 μmol/mol, respectively. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP, NPQ and ETR of different tree shapes were different, among which Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP and ETR of hedgerow were higher than that of trunk >Y> CK, while NPQ was the opposite, and Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP and ETR of hedgerow were the highest, NPQ was the lowest, 0.81, 0.55, 0.763, 53.52 and 2.88, respectively; CK was 0.73, 0.45, 0.693, 38.53 and 3.51, respectively. It could be seen that the light conversion efficiency of hedgerow was higher than that of the trunk, Y and CK, and it could be seen from the correlation between Pn and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters that Pn had a very significant positive correlation with Fv/Fm, ФPSII, qP, and a very significant negative correlation with NPQ, and the correlation between Pn and qP, Fv/Fm was closer than that between ФPSII and NPQ. 【Conclusion】 Among the three tree shapes transformed under the row spacing of (1×4.5) m, the hedge wall shape is the tree shape with better high light efficiency, followed by the trunk shape and the Y shape.

Select

Effects of Different Concentrations of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings under Salt Stress SUN Yanyun, ZHU Pusheng, DIAO Ming, CUI Jinxia, XU Wei, LIU Huiying 2021, 58(4): 625-633.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1008KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different concentrations of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) on the growth of tomato seedlings under salt stress in the hope of screening out the appropriate concentration to improve the salt tolerance of tomato. 【Methods】 The tomato variety Zhongshu 4 was used as the experimental material and nutrient solution cultivation method was used. Under the stress of NaCl (100 mmol/L), the leaves of tomato seedlings were sprayed with different concentrations of GSNO (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mmol/L). The effects of exogenous GSNO on the growth, root activity, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolyte permeability and proline content of tomato seedlings under salt stress were determined. 【Results】 (1) NaCl stress significantly reduced plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, fresh weight, root activity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content of tomato seedlings; significantly increased MDA content and proline content of tomato seedlings; had no significant effect on electrolyte permeability; (2) exogenous application of 0.1-0.3 mmol/L GSNO can effectively alleviate the inhibition of salt stress on Tomato Seedling Growth and improve salt adaptability by increasing chlorophyll content, root activity and proline content, reducing membrane lipid peroxidation and membrane integrity damage Although the application of GSNO did harm to the growth of Tomato Seedlings under salt stress, it did not inhibit the growth of Tomato Seedlings under salt stress. 【Conclusion】 NaCl stress significantly affected the normal growth of tomato seedlings, and exogenous GSNO with appropriate concentration could effectively alleviate the effect of salt stress on tomato seedlings. In this experiment, 0.1 mmol/L GSNO was the best.

Select

Effects of Salt Environment on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Populus talassica × P. euphratica SUN Yang, HAN Zhanjiang, SHI Jianyin, TANG Hongyou, LI Kang 2021, 58(4): 634-642.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (2043KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different concentrations of NaCl treatment on morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of Populus talassica × P. euphraticain the hope of providing theoretical basis for exploring the environmental response mechanism of P. talassica × P. euphratica salt. 【Methods】 Changes of growth indexes and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of P. talassica × P. euphratica of different concentrations NaCl (0, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 mmol/L) were determined and analyzed using potted P. talassica × P. euphratica as test material. 【Results】 The inhibition of leaf length of P. talassica × P. euphratica by environment of 200-450 mmol/L NaCl was obvious, 450 mmol/L NaCl environment significantly inhibited leaf width. The effect of 200-300 mmol/L NaCl environment on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of P. talassica × P. euphratica was not significant, and Pn decreased significantly in 400-450 mmol/L NaCl environment and in salt environment transpiration rate (Tr) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) showed a first increase and then a decrease. 【Conclusion】 P. talassica × P. euphratica euphratica can grow well in medium and low concentration salt environment (0-350 mmol/L NaCl), but the leaf shape is narrow and small under high concentration salt environment (400-450 mmol/L NaCl with high net photosynthetic rate and strong salt tolerance characteristics, which provides a reference for studying the response mechanism of stress in P. talassica × P. euphratica.

Select

Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of Main Characters of Different Cotton Cultivars in Oasis Arid Area in Xinjiang Omarjan Kurban, Nusrat Osiman, Arman Ablimet, LI Jie, ZHANG Pengzhong, Tursunjan Mamat 2021, 58(4): 643-652.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1035KB) ( )   【Objective】 Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of Main Characters of Different Cotton Cultivars in Oasis Arid Area in Xinjiang. This study can provide some theoretical basis for variety selection and cultivation of quality and efficiency cottons in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 In this study, the correlation and cluster analysis of the agronomic traits, quality, root system, yield and yield components of cotton under cultivation in oasis arid area of Xinjiang were conducted based on 16 representative cultivars of cotton in southern Xinjiang. 【Results】 The results showed that the boll weight of the per plant was 4.5-6.5 g, the number of bolls per plant and the yield of 10-108-3 were the highest, and the grey correlation between boll number and yield was the largest, with a value of 0.93. There was a significant positive correlation between seed index and seed cotton weight and fiber weight, with coefficients of 0.492 and 0.538, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between seed index and seed number, and the correlation coefficient was -0.532. The Micronaire value of each cultivar was 4.62-5.73, the specific intensity was negatively correlated with the Micronaire value, and it was positively correlated with the elongation. 【Conclusion】 The total root length was significantly positively correlated with the initial section, the number of fruit branches, and the elongation rate. The growth period was negatively correlated with the height of the cotyledonary node and the number of fruit branches, and was significantly correlated with the initial section, specific strength and elongation rate.

Soil Fertilizer·Plant Protection·Microbes

Select

Comparative Analysis of Different Irrigation Quotas on Maize Growth in Drip Irrigation under Mulch ZHAO Jinghua, HU Jianqiang, YANG Lei, HU Wenjun, PENG Yanping 2021, 58(4): 653-662.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1137KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare and analyze the characteristics and advantages of water use efficiency method, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and optimize the AHP method in evaluating irrigation system in the hope of seeking scientific and reasonable evaluation method. 【Methods】 Under field experiment conditions, irrigation quota was used as variables (30.0, 37.5, 45.0, 52.5 and 60.0 mm) to analyze the scientific rationality of water use efficiency method and irrigation quota determined by AHP before and after optimization. 【Results】 The water use efficiency method could approximately determine the 45.0-52.5 mm irrigation quota range suitable for the growth of drip irrigation maize under mulch, but in order to pursue the optimal yield and water use efficiency, 52.5 mm irrigation quota could be determined qualitatively suitable for the growth and development of maize under mulch drip irrigation. The evaluation results of traditional AHP method could determine the best and only evaluation value. The total hierarchy permutation weight vector Z= (0.041, 0.086, 0.422, 0.250, 0.200) was obtained through pairwise comparison matrix which experts in this field evaluated many times. That 45.0 mm irrigation quota was suitable for the growth of drip irrigation maize under mulch. Optimized AHP method not only retained the advantages of traditional AHP method, but also combined water use efficiency method to make up for its shortcomings. It strengthened the relationship between factors and levels, avoided subjective judgment and qualitative analysis. The evaluation results could scientifically and reasonably determine that the 52.5 mm irrigation quota was the most suitable for the growth of drip irrigation maize under mulch. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the traditional AHP method and the water use efficiency method, the evaluation results of the optimized AHP method are more clear, objective, and scientific. It also provides a scientific theoretical basis for the objective evaluation and decision-making of various problems in the future.

Select

Immobilization of Cadmium in Soils by Potato Straw Biochar MA Gui, HAN Xinning, ZHAO Wenxia, LIU Chenglong, CAO Jiangping, YANG Hongbin, LIU Ting 2021, 58(4): 663-671.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1536KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effect of biochar on the immobility of cadmium in soil. 【Methods】 Three biochars (B300℃, B400℃ and B600℃)derived from potato straw were prepared. Thereafter, the Cd2+ adsorption abilities of these biochars were compared to find the best biochar; the effects of biochar (B400℃) with different amount (0.5%, 1.5%, 3.0%) on the pH, organic carbon and DTPA-Cd content of two typical soils (dark loessial soil and mountain meadow soil) in southern mountainous area of Ningxia were studied by indoor experiment, and pot experiment was also carried out with 3.0% of biochar to study the effects of biochar on maize growth and its uptake of Cd from the dark loessial soil. 【Results】 The order of adsorption capacity of potato straw biochar to Cd2+ was: B400℃ > B300℃ > B600℃; the addition of biochar could reduce the content of DTPA-Cd in two typical soils significantly, of which 3.0% was the best, and the decrease of DTPA-Cd content in dark loessial soil was larger than that in mountain meadow soil; the pH value and organic carbon content of the two soils had significant negative correlations with the changes in their respective DTPA-Cd content; the pot experiment result showed that biochar could significantly increase the biomass of maize, and decrease the Cd accumulation in the shoot or root of maize, the 3.0% of biochar could also decrease the transportation of cadmium from root to shoot. 【Conclusion】 The potato straw biochar has obvious immobility effects on cadmium in two typical soils in the southern mountainous areas of Ningxia.

Select

Effects of Fulvic Acid on Soil Nutrients, Grape Quality and Yield ZHU Huitiao, GAO Dengtao, BAI Ru, FENG Jianrong, WEI Zhifeng, LIU Li 2021, 58(4): 672-681.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1082KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of fulvic acid on grape and its optimum application rate. 【Methods】 Four-year-old 'Zhengyan Seedless' grape was taken as a test material, 0, 2.5, 5, 11, 33 and 100 g/plant fulvic acid were applied to the rhizosphere of grape at flowering stage, young fruit stage, coloring stage and fruit enlargement stage. 【Results】 The content of organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil was significantly increased by applying fulvic acid compared with that without fulvic acid application, which increased the L* value, color index, sugar-acid ratio, VC content, fruit hardness and grape yield. The results of principal component analysis showed that 33 g/plant (0.33 g/L) were the most effective in improving soil nutrient, grape fruit quality and grape yield among the 6 treatments. 【Conclusion】 The fulvic acid can increase the content of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in vineyard soil, promote the absorption of mineral nutrients by grape roots, increase the content of N, P, and K in leaves, synthesize and output more assimilation compounds, thus improving grape quality and increasing its yield. Among six groups, the physiological index of leaves was best when the amount of fulvic acid was 33 g/plant. It provides a theoretical reference for the reasonable application of fulvic acid fertilizer into 'Zhengyan Seedless' grape.

Select

The Research to Function Fertilizer Effect of ‘3414’ to Confirm the Fertilization Parameter of Korla Pear in the Early Fruiting JI Guangpeng, ZHANG Donghai, NIU Linglei, JIANG Jiyuan, ZHAO Sifeng, WU Yurong 2021, 58(4): 682-689.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (796KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to obtain the recommended amount of fertilizer for optimal input-output ratio in the hope of providing theoretical reference foundations for the efficient utilization of soil nutrients in Korla pear. 【Methods】 Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on growth, SPAD, specific leaf weight and net photosynthetic rate of single leaf were studied by using the ‘3414’ complete fertilizer scheme experiment. The recommended fertilization amount of Korla fragrant pear in the early fruiting stage was obtained by using the effect function of the unitary quadratic fertilizer effect function, binary secondary fertilizer effect function and ternary secondary fertilizer effect function, which provided scientific basis for the smooth transition fertilization in the early fruiting stage. 【Results】 The results showed that the nitrogen could significantly improve branch growth, but the phosphate fertilizer inhibited the growth of branches; Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on SPAD value, specific leaf weight and net photosynthetic rate of single leaf compared with phosphate and potassium fertilizer were the most significant; Potassium fertilizer could significantly promote fruit growth and effectively increase chlorophyll content in leaves. According to the fitting results of the seven equations, all of them were in accordance with the decreasing rate of return, and the interaction effect of the three fertilizers was PK>NP>NK, displaying positive interaction effect. 【Conclusion】 The fertilization recommendation amount in the early fruiting stage is N 167.48 kg/hm2, P2O5 118.65 kg/hm2, K2O 205.42 kg/hm2 based on three dimensional quadratic regression equation, and the optimum economic yield is 2,915.99 kg/hm2.

Select

Insecticide Resistance Monitoring and Target Molecular Detection of Diamide Insecticides in Field Populations of Ostriniafurnacalis ZHI Haoyu, WANG Zhihui, WANG Xingzai, DING Xinhua, JIA Zunzun, GUO Wenchao, JIANG Weihua 2021, 58(4): 690-699.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (2963KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study aims to provide a basis for guiding the rational use of insecticides and resistance management for efficient controlling Ostriniafurnacalis through resistance monitoring and detection of field populations to the commonly used insecticides mainly including diamides, acting on the ryanodine receptor (RyR). 【Methods】 In this study, it was monitored for the resistance to insecticides including chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, aricaandlangat against O.furnacalis from Urumqi (UQ), Shule (SL1,), Yining (YN1) and Zepu (ZP) in 2018 and Urumqi (UQ), Shule(SL2), Yining (YN2) and Changji (CJ) in 2019 in Xinjiang using artificial diet dipping method. Meanwhile, we analyzed and detected expression changes and mutation of ryanodine receptor genes in the populations collected in 2018 and 2019 by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and PCR amplification, respectively. 【Results】 SL1 population had reduced sensitivity to chlorantraniliprole and medium level of resistance to arica with resistance ratios (RR) of 3.67 and 20.17-fold compared to a relatively sensitive population, respectively, YN1 population developed moderate resistance to cyantraniliprole and arica with RR being 15.26 and 14.10-fold respectively, and ZP population had a moderate level of resistance to arica and langat with RR of 10.97 and 13.48-fold, respectively. Among populations collected in 2019, SL2 population showed reduced sensitivity and the rest populations, namely UQ, YN2 and CJ, exhibited low to extremely high level resistance to cyantraniliprole with RR of 3.61, 8.14, 96.49 and 1,429-fold compared with the susceptible population JZ-S, respectively. The qPCR results showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of ryanodine receptor genes among the different field populations collected in 2018, while those in CJ and YN2 populations collected in 2019 increased significantly by 4.04 and 3.86 times compared with the susceptible strain. The gene mutation test results showed that it was detected for a mutation in the ryanodine receptor of CJ population, in which glutamic acid (E) was replaced by aspartic acid (D) at position 1,424 (E1424D) with 30% of the mutation frequency.【Conclusion】 The resistance of the inter-field population of O. furnacalis in Xinjiang to diamides varies from low to medium levels, and its resistance was related to the increase of the expression and mutation of the ryanodine receptor gene.

Select

Comparative Study on the Effect of 4 kind of dsRNA Extraction Methods form Prokaryotic Expression Double-stranded RNA CHANG Rui, WANG Jun, FU Kaiyun, LIAO Lanlan, DING Xinhua, HE Jiang, GUO Wenchao, Toulxun Ahemat, REN Yu 2021, 58(4): 700-711.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (2774KB) ( )   【Objective】 Prokaryotic expression of dsRNA has a wide range of potential applications in the field of pest control. 【Methods】 Using pET-2p and L4440 as vectorsconstruct five groups of gfp-201-30CG, gfp-201-50-CG, gfp-423-30CG, gfp-423-50CG and gfp-423-70CG of different length and different CG content as the target fragments of dsgfp expression,Trizol method, phenol chloroform method, RNA-easy extraction solution and 75% alcohol precipitation method to extract 1ml and 50 mL of dsgfp induced by isopropylthio-β-D-galactoside (IPTG) in bacterial solution, respectively Nucleic acid detection A260/A280, A260/A230 compare the purity, with in vitro synthesis of dsgfp as a control, to evaluate the extraction efficiency of the four methods and the expression ability of the two vectors dsgfp. 【Results】 The four extraction methods were analyzed by multiple variance analysis. Among them, the Trizol method and the phenol-chloroform method A260/A280 and A260/A230 with the highest extraction purity reached 1.83 and 1.79 respectively; 1.78 and 2.1, respectively, he loss rate was 23.83%, 21.44%. Followed by the 75% alcohol precipitation method, the average values of A260/A280 and A260/A230 can reach: 1.8, 1.78, and the loss rate s 32.3%. The lowest extraction purity is s the RNA-easy extract, whose average values of A260/A280 and A260/A230 can reach 1.56 and 1.56, and the loss rate is s 37.62%. Using the method of mixing pure dsRNA with internal standard, it was calculated that per milliliter of pET-2P and L4440 expression vector induced bacterial liquid can ferment to produce 8.7-24.39 μg and 7.48-22.4 μg dsgfp.Using internal standard mixed pure dsRNA method, the fermentation of pET-2P and L4440 expression vector induced bacteria solution was calculated to produce 8.7-24.39 μg 7.48-22.47 μg dsgfp. per ml. 【Conclusion】 Four methods re used to extract dsgfp expressed by pET-2p and L4440 The he phenol chloroform method can be used to quickly extract high-quality and high-purity prokaryotic dsgfpquickly pET-2p is the optimal expression of dsgfp he carrier provides technical support for the subsequent study of the degradation degree of dsgfp in different environments and the analysis of degradation products.

Select

Identification of the Pathogen Causing Leaf Spot of Dianthus chinensis LI Fan, REN Yuzhong, JIAO Ruilian, SUN Lin, LI Guoying 2021, 58(4): 712-719.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1833KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this project is to clarify the pathogen of Dianthus chinensis leaf spot in Shihezi area and control the disease. 【Methods】 Using conventional organic law, 8 representative strains were selected and their pathogenicity was determined by mycelium patch and spray method. The morphological and rDNA-ITS regions, histone 3 and β- tubulin sequences were compared and analyzed to establish a multi-gene combined phylogenetic tree to determine the classification status of pathogens. 【Results】 Morphologically, the conidium was similar to Alternaria nobilis. The sequence analysis of rDNA-ITS and β-tubulin of 8 isolates were more than 99.0% homologous to the reported phylogeny of Alternaria nobilis in GenBank. 【Conclusion】 Combined with the morphological characteristics and molecular biological results, the pathogen causing the Dianthus chinensis leaf spot is identified as Alternaria. nobilis in Shihezi area.

Select

Evaluation of Four Antibiotics for Dry Auricularia Tissue Isolation CHEN Yanqi, LÜ Yancong, JIA Peisong, ZHANG Fangfang, TIAN Long, SONG Bing, LI Yu 2021, 58(4): 720-730.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1602KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out suitable working concentration of 4 antibiotics and drying condition for dry Auricularia fruiting bodies. 【Methods】 In this study, fresh and dry fruiting bodies of wild and cultivated were used as materials, the dry ear was soaked in 75% alcohol mixture solution of antibiotics for tissue separation. The germination ability of different parts of Auricularia auricula was studied by microscopic observation through comparing the contamination rate and germination rate of 4 antibiotics and the dry method of Auricularia auricular. 【Results】 The results showed that the suitable concentration and disinfection time of the four antibiotics were: 6 mg/mL and 3-5 min for penicillin; 15 mg/mL and 1-3 min for streptomycin; 15 mg/mL and 3-5 min for ceftriaxone sodium; 1.5 mg/mL and 1-3 min for gentamicin. The fruiting bodies after drying at 65℃ for 8 hours could be isolated successfully. Mycelium germination was observed in the fertile layer, hypophyll and sterile layer after drying for 8 h at 65℃. 【Conclusion】 All of the four antibiotics can be used to obtain dried Auricularia fruiting and temperature 65℃ can be used to isolate its tissue. After drying the fresh fruiting body without long time high temperature treatment, it can be separated successfully at room temperature for one year. Auricularia heimuer has the ability to germinate around the body.

Select

Analysis of Microbial Communities in Leaves and Rhizosphere Soil of Halostachys capsica by High-throughput Sequencing Dilare Haimiti, FAN Yonghong, WANG Weinan, YU Wenli, Aihaibaier Kasimu 2021, 58(4): 731-740.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1638KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the rhizosphere soil and endophytic microbial community composition and structure of the extremely salt-tolerant plant Halostachys capsica in the saline-alkali environment of Xinjiang. 【Methods】 16 S rDNA and ITS high throughput sequencing technology were used in this project to determine and analyze the structure and diversity of endophytic microbial community in rhizosphere soil and leaves of salt panicle. 【Results】 The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere soil bacterial community at the level of the gate were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes. The dominant bacterium in the rhizosphere was Ascomycota. At the level of the gate, the dominant bacteria in the endophytic bacterial community of the leaves of the leaves were Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and a dominant bacterium in endophytic fungi was Ascomycota. According to the Alpha diversity index analysis, the Shannon and Simpson indices of YS1 were the highest in the three soil samples. Namely, the microbial community diversity was higher than the other two samples. 【Conclusion】 Among the three leaf samples, the Shannon, Simpson and other indexes of YP3 were the highest, that was, the microbial community diversity was higher than the other two samples. The microbial community diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Halostachys capsica was higher than that in the endogenous microbial community. To sum up, the analysis of microbial community composition in rhizosphere soil and leaves of Halostachys capsica provides scientific basis for further study of the correlation between microbial community and its resistance to stress in arid and saline-alkali habitats by PGPR.

Select

Evaluation of Field Resistance of 180 Tomato Germplasm Resources to Three Major Leaf Diseases LI Guohua, WANG Xiaomin, ZHAO Yufei, HU Xinhua, FU Jinjun, GAO Yanming, LI Jianshe 2021, 58(4): 741-755.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (923KB) ( )   【Objective】 Under the natural disease conditions in the solar greenhouse, 180 tomato germplasm resources are identified for disease resistance in order to screen multi-resistance materials and lay a foundation for the breeding of multi-resistance tomato in Ningxia. 【Methods】 The disease types were determined according to the disease symptoms, and the disease incidence and disease index were used to determine the disease resistance grade of 180 tomato germplasm resources to the late blight, leaf mold and early blight by 5-point sampling method. Finally, the fuzzy membership function method was used to evaluate comprehensively the disease resistance of germplasm materials. 【Results】 All the 179 tomato materials had late blight, leaf mold and early blight, and only 1 material had developed late blight and leaf mold, but not early blight. The incidence of late blight was the most serious, followed by leaf mold, the incidence of early blight was the lightest. There were 5, 25 and 50 materials with above “resistance” grade to the late blight, leaf mold and early blight, respectively, which accounted for 2.78%, 13.89% and 27.22% of the tested materials. 16 materials were screened out, all of which reached the “middle resistance” grade to each of the three diseases. Materials 63049 and 63054 ranked the top 2 in the comprehensive resistance, and the average value of membership function was 0.98 and 0.93 respectively. 【Conclusion】 These two materials,63049 and 63054, are all above the disease resistance grade and have excellent comprehensive resistance. They can be used as multi-resistant tomato germplasm resources.

Prataculture·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

Select

Response of Community Characteristics and Nutrient Content of Edible Forage to No-Grazing and Grazing in Xinjiang Mountain Meadows ZHANG Yu, Asiya Manlike, ZHANG Yongjuan, XIN Xiaoping, ZHANG Huihui, YAN Ruirui, Rena Abdukelimu, GUO Meilan 2021, 58(4): 756-765.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (2436KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to provide theoretical basis for the restoration and scientific management of degraded meadows, the response rules of vegetation community characteristics and nutrient content to no-grazing and grazing in Xinjiang mountain meadows are clarified, and the dynamic change rules of vegetation community in different growing seasons are explored. 【Methods】 In this study, the no-grazing (5 a) and grazing mountain meadows grassland in Xinjiang was taken as the object. The species composition, quantitative characteristics, community diversity and forage nutrients of the grassland community during the whole growing season (from May to August) were determined and analyzed by field sampling and indoor analysis. 【Results】 (1) Under the conditions of no-grazing and grazing, gramineae played an important role in the mountain meadows grassland, accounting for 46.48% and 26.91%, respectively; While the proportion of degraded indicator plants (such as Geranium pratense, Phlomis pratensis and Iris ruthenicum) increased in the grazing area. But no-grazing reduced community diversity. (2) The response of plant community quantity to no-grazing and grazing was obvious. The vegetation density, height, coverage, aboveground biomass (from July to August) and belowground biomass (0-10 cm) in the no-grazing were all higher than those in the grazing area. (3) Compared with the no-grazing area, the content of plant fiber in the grazing area significantly decreased by 18.95% in the early part of the growing season (May), while the content of grass crude protein significantly increased by 8.37% in the middle part of the growing season (June). 【Conclusion】 No-grazing can improve the quantity of grassland, increase the proportion of high-quality pasture, and effectively restore degraded meadow grassland, but it is not conducive to the maintenance of community diversity, while moderate grazing in the early growing season is conducive to the improvement of community forage quality. Therefore, it is necessary to combine no-grazing and grazing in the utilization of this kind of meadow grassland, which has a positive effect on the sustainable development of grassland.

Select

Analysis on the Characteristics of Temporal and Response of Ecosystem Service Value of Typical Inland Basin to Land Use Change ZHANG Shuai, WANG Yang, AN Shazhou 2021, 58(4): 766-777.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (2368KB) ( )   【Objective】 This paper takes the Tarim River basin, a typical inland basin, as the research area to explore the spatial and temporal evolution trend of ecosystem services under land use change in the Tarim River basin, so as to provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of land resources in arid areas. 【Methods】 The study applies spatial correlation analysis using Landsat TM remote sensing images for 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018. The land use data is extracted and the ESV coefficients are adjusted accordingly. 【Results】 (1) From 1990 to 2018, land use in the Tarim River Basin changed significantly. Construction land and cultivated land exhibited an increasing trend, while High, medium and low coverage grassland, forest land and water indicated a decreasing trend. Construction land increased the most, while water decreased the most. (2) Overall, ESV in the Tarim Basin charted a downward trend, from 872.884 billion yuan in 1990 to 767.165 billion yuan in 2018. From 2015 to 2018, the Basin’s ESV suffered the largest declines, with grassland ESV accounting for over 39% of the loss and adjustment services accounting for over 62%. 【Conclusion】 During the study period, the spatial distribution of ESV in the study area showed spatial distribution characterized that was either high in all directions or low in the middle, with significant positive spatial autocorrelation. The spatial distribution of ESV dynamic changes showed that ESV value-added regions were distributed in the southeast portion of the study area, while the ESV loss regions were distributed in the western and northern portions of the study area.

Select

Effects of Supplementary L-citrulline on the Semen Quality and the Anti-Oxidation Ability of Seminal Plasma and Plasma of Stallion LI Xiaobin, ZHAO Goudong, LI Hai, MA Chen, LI Fengming, ZANG Changjiang, HUANG Xinxin, LI Jiahao, XU Xiaobao, MA Yuhui, XU Wenhui 2021, 58(4): 778-784.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (774KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of supplementary L-citrulline on the semen quality and the anti-oxidation ability of seminal plasma and plasma of stallion. 【Methods】 Twelve stallions at the age of 5-8 years were selected and randomly divided into control and trial group with 6 horses in each group. All horses were bred in the same environment and fed the same nutrient level diet, the trial group horses were fed 20 g/d L-citrulline. 【Results】 (1)Compared with the control group, supplementary L-citrulline significantly increased the amount of sperm collected and the linear rate of sperm movement by 28.08% (P＜0.01) and 19.12% (P＜0.01), respectively. (2) L-citrulline could significantly improve the SOD activity and inhibit the hydroxyl radical activity of the seminal plasma (P＜0.01), significantly increased the viability of GSH-PX (P＜0.05), and significantly reduce the concentration of MDA (P＜0.01). (3) Supplementary L-citrulline could significantly increased the activity of CAT, GSH-PX, T-AOC and inhibit hydroxyl free radicals of plasma (P＜0.01), and significantly reduce the concentration of MDA (P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】 Therefore, supplementary L-citrulline fed to the breeding stallions can improve their semen quality and the anti-oxidation ability of the sperm and plasma of stallion.