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20 September 2022, Volume 59 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry·Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources
Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing·Soil Fertilizer·Water Saving Irrigation·Prataculture·Food Process Engineering
Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization·Agricultural Eeconomy


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Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry·Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources

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Effect of Densities and Varieties on Yield and Quality of Mechanical-harvested Cotton Interplanted with Wheat ZHAO Xinxin, LIU Taijie, HAN Yingchun, WANG Guoping, CHEN Huanxuan, XIONG Shiwu, LEI Yaping, YANG Beifang, LI Yabing, FENG Lu 2022, 59(9): 2081-2090.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (5055KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different densities and varieties on yield and quality of cotton under the short-season cotton for the wheat-cotton double cropping system and provided the basis for selection and breeding of suitable densities and varieties of short-season cotton for the wheat-cotton double cropping system. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted in 2019 with the density gradients of 45，000 plants/hm2 （D1），90，000 plants/hm2 （D2） and 135，000 plants/hm2 （D3） were set up in Anyang，Henan Province，with early maturing varieties Jinke 707 （JK707） and Lumian 2387 （LM2387） as experimental materials.【Result】 With the increase of densities，the plant height，the number of fruit branches and the ratio of branches gradually decreased，while the Leaf Area Index （LAI） and biomass where gradually increased，the LAI was the largest under D3，with the maximum of 3.14 and 4.16，respectively. The total biomass of D2 was increased by 40.4% and 42.0% than that of D3 and D1 when compared to the three density treatments of the JK707 varieties and were increased by 65.5% and 85.1% under the three density treatments of the LM2387 varieties. With the increase of densities，the seed cotton yield was first increase then decrease，with the D2 densities the highest （JK707 and LM2387 were 4 025 kg/hm2 and 4 114 kg/hm2，respectively）. Compared to the JK707，LM2387 have more advantages in the medium and high densities. The micronaire value of fiber decreases gradually with the increase of density，and the fiber strength was highest under the D2 densities. The fiber length，strength and micronaire value of JK707 are better than LM2387.【Conclusion】 In summary，under the short-season cotton cropping pattern of the wheat-cotton double cropping system in the Yellow River Basin，the varieties JK707 and LM2387 can achieve high quality and high yield under the planting density of D2 （90，000 plant s/hm2）. Compared with the two varieties，JK707 fiber quality is superior，while LM2387 has a higher lint，more combatively plant type，more concentrated bolls，and were more suitable for mechanized harvesting.

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Hysiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Rice under Mulch Drip Irrigation with Different Water Controlin the Filling Stage PU Shenghai, WANG Zeyu, DING Feng, WANG Caifeng, LIU Xiaoli, MA Xiaopeng, WANG Tao, PENG Yinshuang, LI Yuntong 2022, 59(9): 2091-2103.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (4596KB) ( )   【Objective】 The effect of water control on rice during grain-filling stage was studied in this paper，providing a theoretical support for water-saving rice cultivation in arid areas. 【Methods】 At rice filling stage，three lower limits of irrigation control were set：90% θs （field water-holding capacity），80%θs and 70% θs （marked as W1，W2 and W3，respectively），and conventional flood irrigation was set as control （marked as CK）. The photosynthetic characteristics，protective enzyme activities，osmotic adjustment substances，root activity，yield and water use efficiency of rice under different water conditions were compared. 【Results】 Water controlwould weaken photosynthesis of rice in the filling stage. The results showed that the Pn （net photosynthetic rate），Tr（intercellular carbon dioxide concentration），Gs（stomatal conductance） and Ci（Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration） decreased by 15.12%-72.38%，25.32%-67.59%，5.93%-24.34% and 29.62%-62.61%，respectively. Water control can enhance the enzyme activity of rice antioxidant system in the filling stage. SOD，CAT and POD of W3 were the highest，which were 77.78%，24.64% and 14.24% higher than those of CK. In the filling stage，the lower the water control limit，the higher the soluble sugar content and proline content，the lower the soluble protein content. The soluble sugar content of W3 was 1.35-2.32 times of that of other treatments，and the soluble protein content of CK was 6.72%~25.24% higher than that of the three water control treatments. The highest yield of CK was 8 222.12 kg/hm2，which was 16.37%~59.96% higher than that of W1，W2 and W3. Compared with CK，water consumption for W1，W2 and W3 decreased by 56.06%~61.66%，and water use efficiency increased by 38.65%~48.79%. 【Conclusion】 Water control during grain filling period under mulch drip irrigation has a negative effect on physiological and biochemical characteristics and rice quality，and it is not suitable to control water. During the grain filling period，the upper and lower limits of water control were set to 5 cm and 10 cm，respectively，to ensure high quality and high yield of rice.

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Effect of Low Temperature Stress at Bud Stage on Fluorescence Characteristics of Cotton ZHONG Xinnian, LIANG Qigan, WEI Yinong, ZHAO Jianhua, MA Haixia, LI Zhibo 2022, 59(9): 2104-2113.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (16390KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the effect of different low temperature stress on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of different cotton varieties at bud stage，explore the cold resistance response law of cotton at bud stage，and screen the indexes related to cold resistance of cotton at bud stage，so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for identification of cold resistance resources and breeding of cold resistant cotton varieties. 【Methods】 Three low temperature gradients were set at bud stage：T1（20℃/15℃，day/night），T2（15℃/10℃），T3 （10℃/5℃） and CK （28℃/20℃）. 【Result】 The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv，Fm，Fv/ Fo，qP and SPAD decreased，while NPQ and F o increased under low temperature stress. However，Fv/Fm increased at low temperature above 20℃/15℃ and 15℃/10℃，and decreased at low temperature below 10℃/5℃ and 15℃/10℃. 【Conclusion】 The degree of low temperature stress can be judged by the fluorescence parameters such as Fm and Fo of cotton in bud stage.

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Multiple Analysis on Character and Yield of Maize Hybrid Combinations YANG Minghua, WANG Qian, ZHOU Xinli, Aihemaitijiang Mahemuti, PEN Yuncheng, Aierjuma Tuluhan, Buayxam Namat, HOU Lili, LIU Qiang 2022, 59(9): 2114-2122.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1404KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this study，32 maize combinations were used to further understand the genetic factor that affect traits，so as to select the most effective breeding methods.【Method】 The experiment selected four maize inbred lines as testers and eight inbred lines as tested materials，then paired them into 32 combinations according to incomplete two-row hybrid design. 11 agronomic traits of maize hybrids，such as panicle length，panicle diameter，yield，axis diameter，grain length，hundred grain weight，panicle number，barren tip and growth period，were measured and the data wascompared and evaluated via variability analysis，correlation analysis，path analysis and principal component analysis. 【Result】 The variation coefficients of the tested materials for each agronomic trait ranged from 7.31% to 69.85%. Correlation analysis showed that ear diameter，hundred grain weight，row grain number and ear length were significantly positively correlated with yield （r=0.744 2，0.733 0，0.621 6 and 0.634 8），while bald tip length was negatively correlated with yield （r=-0.012 6）. Path analysis showed that panicle row number，panicle length，hundred grain weight，panicle height，stem diameter，axial diameter and plant height had direct positive effects on yield，while bare tip，axial diameter and row grain number itself had direct negative effects on yield. Principal component analysis showed that the contributions to yield of different agronomic factors were in order of ：panicle row number factor > panicle length factor > hundred grain weight factor >seed maize length factor.According to cluster analysis，the 32 materials could be divided into 4 groups，the characteristics of each group were analyzed on the basis of different breeding targets.【Conclusion】 In order to fully tap the potential of germplasm resources and breed excellent maize varieties，attention should be paid to breeding materials with more rows of grain，coarser ears and smaller bare tips，in the meantime the 100-grain weight and the correlation with other traits should also be put into consideration.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing·Soil Fertilizer·Water Saving Irrigation·Prataculture·Food Process Engineering

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Effect of Exogenous Salicylic Acid（SA）on the Leaf Anatomical Structure of Hami Melon under NaCl Stress YAN Miao, XIONG Tao, HUANG Quansheng, WU Ting, WU Haibo, ZHAO Zhun, HU Guozhi 2022, 59(9): 2123-2129.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3434KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effect of exogenous salicylic acid （SA） on the leaf anatomical structure of Hami-melon under single salt stress （NaCl）. 【Methods】 In this experiment，the new Hami-melon variety Nasimi was used as the test material，and the optimum concentrations of NaCl and SA were screened by seed germination test. The changes of leaf thickness，upper and lower epidermal thickness，palisade and sponge thickness were analyzed，and the ratio of palisade thickness to sponge thickness，scattered rate （SR） and cell tightness rate（CTR） were calculated and correlation analysis was performed.【Results】 Under NaCl stress，the leaf thickness and upper and lower epidermal thickness of Hami-melon showed a trend of increasing，the palisade thickness were loosely arranged，and the leaf flesh gap was getting larger. After foliar spraying of SA，leaf upper and lower epidermal thickness，leaf thickness， palisade thickness，ratio of palisade thickness to sponge thickness increased，and spongy thickness and SR decreased. The palisade thickness and CTR were highly significantly positively correlated，and spongy thickness and SR were highly significantly positively correlated under the two treatments （P< 0.01）. 【Conclusion】 100 mmol/L NaCl was used as the stress concentration and 0.25 mmol/L SA was used as the mitigation concentration. SA treatment could alleviate the stress by regulating the indexes related to leaf epidermis and leaf flesh anatomical structure

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The Effect on Texture Quality of Simulation Transport Vibration with Different Stacking Heights of Hami melon XU Bin, ZHANG Ting, PAN Yan, WANG Ziming, ZHANG Lianwen, XIE Xiaoding 2022, 59(9): 2130-2135.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2174KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study was aim to ascertain the effect on the Hami melon pulp softening and cell wall degradation enzymes with vibration stress during storage. 【Method】 The experiment used the thick-skinned muskmelon Xizhoumi 17 as test material，According to GB/T4857.7-2005 standard，using the low-frequency vibration test bench to carry out the fixed-frequency vibration test on hami melon stacking. Comparing the changes of maximum pressure，pulp hardness and cell wall degrading enzyme between vibration stress and none vibration stress. 【Result】 During the post-harvest storage period at room temperature，the maximum pressure and flesh hardness of 'Xizhoumi 17' Hami melon showed a trend of gradual decline，PG activity，CEL activity and PE activity showed a trend of first increase and then decrease，and β-Gal activity showed a trend of gradual increase. 【Conclusion】 Vibration stress could significantly reduce the maximum pressure and flesh hardness of fruit.In terms of impact on the cell wall degradation enzymes，vibration stress can significantly improve the level of activity expression of pulp CEL，15 days before storage，vibration stress can significantly improve the level of pulp PE activity，the expression，the storage effect is not obvious in the late，late vibration stress can significantly improve the storage pulp PG activity expression level，the vibration stress on pulp β-GAL activity effect is not obvious.

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Effects of Irrigation Frequency and Irrigation Amount on Yield，Quality and Irrigation Water use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber BAI Hongxia, ZHANG Yahong, MA Xiaolian, HUANG Jiajun 2022, 59(9): 2136-2146.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (12525KB) ( )   【Objective】 in order to construct a reasonable drip irrigation system in solar greenhouse，the effects of irrigation frequency and irrigation amount on root soil water distribution and growth of cucumber were studied. 【Method】 the field experiment was conducted on Cucumber Variety Huangru No.4 under drip irrigation with three irrigation frequencies of 1 d （D1），3 d （D2） and 5 d （D3） and three irrigation amounts of W1 （150 m3/667 m2），W2 （200 m3/667 m2） and W3 （250 m3/667 m2） under drip irrigation conditions. The growth indexes of cucumber were observed during the growth period. 【Result】 during the whole growth period，the water consumption of cucumber showed the law of less in the initial stage，larger in the full stage and less in the last stage；the plant height，leaf area，fruitdry matter and yield of cucumber increased with the increase of irrigation amount，and decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency. The yield of cucumber reached the maximum under D3W3 treatment，which was 11 380.1 kg/667 m2 The increase of irrigation amount first increased and then decreased，and gradually decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency，reaching the highest at D3W1，which was 67.21 kg/m-3. Except soluble solids，Fruit length，Fruitdiameter ，the quality of cucumber increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount，and reached the maximum under reclaimed water irrigation. 【Conclusion】 Based on principal component analysis，D3W2 （5 d，200 m3/667 m2） had the highest score，which showed high yield and quality，and high water use efficiency，which was the best drip irrigation frequency and irrigation amount.

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Genetic Diversity and Cluster Analysis of Tomato Fruit Characters in Different Varieties LI Yueyan, LI Yushan, WANG Fan, GUO Yawen, WANG Feiyan, GAO Jie, SONG Yu 2022, 59(9): 2147-2157.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (10570KB) ( )   【Objective】 By researching and analyzing the fruit characteristics of 97 tomato varieties， some tomato varieties with specific characteristics were selected to provide a basis for the effective use of variety resources in the future. 【Method】 Using 97 different tomato varieties grown under the same conditions as experimental materials， 21 fruit traits of each variety were investigated， including fruit transverse diameter， fruit longitudinal diameter， fruit shape index， pulp thickness， number of ventricles， petiole length， stem depression size， leaf length， leaf width， second inflorescence node， first inflorescence node， single inflorescence fruit number， plot yield and single inflorescence fruit number According to the results， the genetic diversity， correlation analysis， path analysis and cluster analysis of tomato fruit shape were analyzed. 【Result】 The genetic diversity index （H'） of phenotypic traits of 97 tomato cultivars varied from 0.89 to 2.29， and the variation coefficient ranged from 11.17% to 54.03%. The variation coefficient of fruit number in single inflorescence was the largest （54.03%）， and the variation coefficient of second inflorescence node was the smallest （11.17%）. In the correlation analysis， 14 characters were correlated with the transverse diameter and shape of fruit， and 1 character was correlated with the color of ripe fruit. The 97 tomato resources were divided into 5 groups by cluster analysis according to the principle that the varieties of the same group have great genetic similarity and the varieties of different groups have great differences.【Conclusion】 The tomato resources in this study are rich in genetic diversity of fruit traits， and each of the five groups has excellent traits to be discovered. For identifying specific germplasm resources， screening core genebanks and improving the yield.

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The Influence of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Growth-development and Quality of Sand Culture Tomato LI Chunyu, TAN Zhanming, CHENG Yunxia, SHU Sheng, HE Tao, JIN Yujie, MA Xinchao, DU Jiageng, ZHANG Jing 2022, 59(9): 2158-2169.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (4215KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to explore the water and fertilizer management plan suitable for the soilless cultivation planting mode of tomato yellow sand in facilities in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 Different irrigation， nitrogen fertilizer， phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were used as experimental factors， and each factor set of five levels. The greenhouse cultivation experiment of sand culture tomato was carried out by using a half of the general rotation combination design of quaternary quadratic. The plant height， stem diameter， leaf thickness， leaf area， chlorophyll content， above ground dry weight， above ground fresh weight， underground dry weight， underground fresh weight， root activity， yield， soluble solids， soluble sugar， organic acid， sugar-acid ratio， vitamin C， lycopene and other 17 indicators were measured， and correlation analysis and principal component analysis were performed. 【Results】 （1） Medium fertilizer and low water or medium water and low fertilizer can promote the growth of plant height， stem diameter and leaf area of tomato plants， increase the accumulation of assimilation， and increase the relative content of chlorophyll and root activity. Among them， the shoot dry and fresh weight of T9 treatment was heavier， which was 72.30 g and 616.70 g， respectively， and the root activity was larger， which was 917.09 μg / （g·h）. （2） High water and high fertilizer or low water and high fertilizer can effectively increase yield and improve tomato fruit quality. Among them， the yield of T3 treatment was higher， which was 8 102.72 kg / 667m2. The organic acid content of T5 treatment was 0.65 %. The lycopene content of T14 treatment was higher， which was 15.80 mg/kg. （3） Each index has a certain correlation with yield and quality. There was a significant negative correlation between leaf thickness and lycopene content （P< 0.05）. Organic acid content was extremely significantly correlated with leaf area （P< 0.01）. The shoot dry weight was negatively correlated with yield（P< 0.05）. There was a significant negative correlation between underground dry weight and vitamin C content （P< 0.05）. （4） Seven principal components were extracted， and the comprehensive scores of principal component factors of 17 traits were calculated by weighting the eigenvalues of the principal components. The comprehensive score of T9 treatment was the highest， which was 0.695， and that of T15 treatment was the lowest， which was 0.295.【Conclusion】 The results showed that the T9 treatment， that is， the irrigation amount of 310 mm， the nitrogen application rate of 570 kg / hm2， the phosphorus application rate of 438 kg / hm2， the potassium application rate of 738 kg / hm2， could effectively promote the growth and development of sand culture tomato and improve its quality.

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Study on Leaf Characters and Diurnal Variation of Photosynthesis of Excellent Single Plant of Xinjiang Peach HAN Yi, ZHAO Baolong, SUN Junli, ZHAO Shucheng 2022, 59(9): 2170-2178.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3588KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study leaf characters and the diurnal variation photosynthesis of excellent single plant of Xinjiangpeach， hoping to provide a theoretical basis for efficient cultivation and management techniques of Xinjiang peach.【Methods】 By using the methods of field investigation and ethanol extraction， the attribute characteristics， morphological characteristics and chlorophyll contentof leaves were analyzed， and the diurnalvariation of photosynthetic physiological indexes wasmeasured by Li-6 400XT portable optical cooperation instrument， and the diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics of 7 Xinjiang peach superior plant was analyzed.【Results】 The results showed that：the leaf shape， leaf tip shape and leaf base shape of 7 Xinjiang peach superior plant were different. The leaf color of 7 Xinjiang peach superior plant was green， and the leaf edge shape was obtusely serrated；the total chlorophyll content of Maotao 3 was the highest， which was 3.75 mg/g. The leaf morphological characteristics of Xinjiang peach superior plant were significantly different， and the leaf area was in the following order：Maotao 2>Maotao 3>Youtao 2>Youtao 1>Maotao 5>Maotao 4>Maotao No. 1；the diurnal variation trend of net photosynthetic rate of 7 Xinjiang peach superior plant showed ‘double peak curve'， and the time of reaching the peak value of different superior plantwas different. the order of net photosynthetic rate was Maotao 3>Maotao 4>Maotao 2>Youtao 2>Maotao 5>Maotao 1>Youtao 1；the diurnal variation trend of stomatal conductance of 7 Xinjiang peachsuperior plant showed a ‘bimodal curve'. The daily average value of stomatal conductance was in the following order：Maotao 2>Maotao 3>Maotao 4>Maotao 5>Youtao 2>Maotao 1>Youtao 1；the diurnal variation of intercellular CO2 concentration of 7 Xinjiang peach superior plantshowed ‘U shape， and the average diurnal variation was in the order Maotao 4>Maotao 5>Maotao 2>Maotao 3>Maotao 1>Youtao 2>Youtao 1.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis showed that there were great differences in leaf characters and photosynthetic characteristics of 7 Xinjiang peach superior plant. according to the analysis of net photosynthetic rate，Maotao 3 had strong photosynthetic capacity.

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Effects and Correlative Analysis of Slow-release Nitrogen Supply on Yield and Dry Matter of Summer Maize at Lime Concretion Black Soil XING Yongfeng, ZHOU Wenwei, XU Weimeng, CHEN Guoli, WEI Changmin, LI Guizhi, SONG Wanyou, WAN Yanwei, ZHOU Enzhong, LI Weifang 2022, 59(9): 2179-2185.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1201KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to research effects of slow-release nitrogen supply on yield and dry matter of Summer maize at lime concretion black soil．【Method】 using Beiqing 340， five levels of control （C0）， slow-release urea 70 kg / hm2 （C70）， slow-release urea 140 kg / hm2 （C140）， slow-release urea 210 kg / hm2 （C210） and slow-release urea 280 kg / hm2 （C280） were set up.【Result】 The results of correlation and regression showed that with the increase of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer， Dry matter and yield increased first and then decreased. The correlation otherness between organic dry matter and yield character， the para correlation weight of stem and leaf sheath at R3 and R6，others positive correlation， linear relationship between organic dry matter and yield character.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive consider yield increment and the cost slow-release 210 kg/hm2（C210）can be recommend fertilization model of maize in the area of study.

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Effects of More Plants Per Hole on Maize Growth and Yield Components YANG Jinyu, SUN Jiusheng, QIAO Xiaoyan, WANG Xihe, HUAI Guolong, CUI Lei 2022, 59(9): 2186-2191.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1440KB) ( )   【Objective】 To elucidate the effects of different hole sowing patterns and plant row spacing on maize growth and yield components in Xinjiang．【Method】 Taking maize variety Xinyu 59 as experimental material， under the condition of film mulching drip irrigation， two hole sowing modes of one hole one plant （H1）and one hole three plants （H3）with the same density were set respectively to analyze the changes of biological characters and yield components in maize growth period under different hole sowing modes and plant row spacing configuration.【Result】 The results showed that：under the same planting density， the leaf area of H3 treatment at jointing stage was significantly larger than that of H1 treatment.The leaf area index of H3 was 16% and 9% higher than that of H1 at tasseling stage and filling stage， respectively， and the photosynthetic potential of H3 was 18% and 25% higher than that of H1；The plant height and stem diameter of H1 treatment were 227.70 cm and 18.01mm respectively， which were 11% and 5% higher than those of H3 treatment.The effective panicle number and grain number per panicle of H3 treatment were 10% and 7% higher than that of H1 treatment， and the difference was significant.The yield of H3 was 11 825 kg / hm2，16% higher than that of H1， and significantly higher than that of H1.【Conclusion】 The treatment of three plants in one hole significantly promoted the growth of leaf area， delayed the senescence of leaves at later stage， and contributed to the accumulation of photosynthetic products at later stage. After tasseling stage， the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential increased， promoted the reproductive growth of maize， and improved the ear grain quality and grain yield of maize. In the main corn production area of Xinjiang，the planting pattern of three plants in one hole and the suitable spacing between plants and rows are conducive to achieve the goal of high yield of corn under the density of 139 500 plants / hm2 （9 300 plants / mu）.

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Effects of Reducing Fertilizer Application and Increasing Application of Fulvic Acid Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Water-soluble Formula Fertilizer on the Growth and Quality of Junzao Jujube SHAO Huawei, MENG Ajing, TANG Yan, ZHOU Yan, CHENG Xinying, TANG Lei, WANG Xinyong 2022, 59(9): 2192-2199.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1387KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of increasing application of fulvic acid potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble formula fertilizer on the growth and quality of Junzao jujube under the circumstance of reducing chemical fertilizer application in the hope of providing some scientific basis. 【Method】 With Junzao as the experimental material， a random block group experiment was adopted， and a total of 5 fertilization treatments were set up， and conventional fertilization was used as the control （CK）. 60 kg/667 m2 （T1）， 96 kg/667 m2 （T2）， 120 kg/667 m2 （T3）， 144 kg/667 m2 （T4）， the fertilizer reduction rates were 65%， 45%， 31%， and 17%， respectively. It was applied to the experimental plot 11 times by drip irrigation. During the fruit maturity period， the leaf length， leaf width， jujube hanging length， fruit shape index， fruit cracking rate， blackhead rate， fruit quality and yield were measured， and the application of different amounts of fulvic acid phosphoric acid was analyzed under the condition of reduced application of chemical fertilizers. Meanwhile， effects of potassium hydrogen water-soluble formula fertilizer on the growth and quality of Junzao jujube were studied. 【Result】 The test results showed that the leaf length and width of Junzao increased under T4 treatment， and the length of jujube hangings increased significantly in T3 and T4 treatments. At the same time， compared with CK， T3 treatment decreased by 45.78%， and T4 treatment was significantly higher than that of CK. Compared with the control， the blackhead rate decreased by 69.50%； the T4 treatment significantly increased the single fruit weight and yield， which were 18.87% and 13.62% higher than the control， respectively. Compared with the control， each treatment increased the VC content and reducing sugar content and the VC content of the T2 treatment was similar. Compared with CK， it increased by 78.75%， and the total acid content in each treatment was significantly lower than that of the control. The total acid content of T3 treatment decreased by 40.00% compared with CK， and the protein content of T4 treatment was slightly increased compared with the control. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis in the treatment of 144 kg/667 m2 of fulvic acid potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble formula fertilizer （chemical fertilizer reduction rate of 17%） can significantly reduce the low fruit cracking rate and blackhead rate of Junzao， effectively promote its growth， thus improving yield and improve fruit quality； The optimum application rate of fulvic acid potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble formula fertilizer in this experiment was 144 kg/667 m2.

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Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Enzyme Activity and Soil Microbial Content of Potted Pepper PENG Yu, YAN Huizhuan, XIAO Zhonglin, JIA Kai, YAN Cunyao, WANG Yanxin 2022, 59(9): 2200-2208.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (14466KB) ( )   The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of soil enzyme activity and microbial content after liquid amino acid organic fertilizer was substituted for partial chemical fertilizer. Six treatments of CK （no liquid organic fertilizer， 100% chemical fertilizer） were applied to two different varieties of hot pepper， T1 （30% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， T2 （35% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， T3 （40% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， T4 （45% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer） and T5 （50% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， the effects of nitrogen fertilizer with different gradient and amino acid liquid organic fertilizer on soil biological characteristics and nutrient content were studied， and the correlation was analyzed. After Amino acid liquid organic fertilizer replaced different proportion of chemical fertilizer， the urease activity， the Catalase activity and the dehydrogenase activity of both varieties of hot pepper increased， and the enzyme activity showed the trend of first increasing， then becoming flat or decreasing， the results showed that the enzyme activity was not proportional to the amount of organic manure， but increased the content of bacteria and actinomycetes and inhibited the content of fungi compared with CK， the value of soil pH increased in the treatment of amino acid liquid organic fertilizer， but the increase was not significant. It can provide theoretical support for organic manure to alleviate soil acidification， reduce EC value and further improve soil quality. It is considered that the substitution quantity of T4 is the best.

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Determination of Z/E Isomer Content in Lycopene Micelle by HPLC MA Xuehong, LIU Ting, LI Chuantian, ZHU Jinfang 2022, 59(9): 2209-2216.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2639KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the content of Z/E isomers in lycopene micelles. 【Method】 HPLC method， The column was YMC Carotenoid S-5（4.6 mm×250 mm）； Mobile phase A：acetonitrile B：methyl tert-butyl ether； Linear gradient elution； Flow rate：1 mL/min； Detection wavelength：472 nm； Column temperature：30℃， Complete the separation and detection of isomers within 45 minutes， the isomers in the lycopene micelles are analyzed and identified through the characteristic peaks and absorption intensity on the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum.【Result】 The linear ranges of Lycopene was 0.22~6.57 μg/mL （r=0.999）， Whose average recoveries were 100.06%（RSD=1.99%）. It shows that the method has strong specificity， good linear relationship， fast， accurate and simple， and is suitable for the determination of isomers in lycopene micelles.【Conclusion】 Determined that there are all-trans forms in the lycopene micelles：All-E， and three cis isomers：13Z， 9Z， 5Z.with an average relative percentage of 76.06%，10.83%，4.55%，8.56%， respectively.

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Characteristics and Analysis of Simple Sequence Repeats（SSR） in Medicago polymorpha and Main Medicagospecies genome ZHOU Bo, REN Hailong, ZHANG Yan, GAO Qiang, XU Lin, ZOU Jiwen 2022, 59(9): 2217-2223.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2858KB) ( )   【Objective】 The distribution characteristics of SSR sequence of the Medicago polymorpha genome were analyzed and compared with the main species of Medicago， in order to provide theoretical basis for the development of SSR molecular markers in Medicago polymorpha. 【Method】 MISA software was used to search the high-quality genome of Medicago polymorpha， Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa， and then the SSR sequence distribution characteristics were compared and analyzed. 【Result】 In the genome of Medicago polymorpha， Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa， 195，753， 242，434 and 390，496 complete SSR sequences were screened， with relative densities of 428 /Mb， 564 /Mb and 478 /Mb， respectively. Total length of SSR sequences were 3，611，698 bp， 3，657，503 bp and 6，307，211 bp accounted for 0.79%， 0.85% and 0.77% of the total genome sequence length respectively. Among the 1~6 different nucleotide repeat units， the single nucleotide repeat units were the most in Medicago polymorpha and Medicago truncatula， followed by dinucleotide， trinucleotide， tetranucleotide， pentanucleotide and hexanucleotide repeat units， while the hexanucleotide repeat units were more than pentanucleotide repeat units in Medicago sativa. A， T， AT， TA， AG and TC were common repeat unit types among the three alfalfa species， and the proportion of SSR with low fragment length in Medicago polymorphagenome was higher than that in Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa.【Conclusion】 The SSR distribution densityin the genome of Medicago polymorpha was lower than that of Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa. SSR repeat unit types in Medicago polymorphagenomeare abundant and have great potential for developing polymorphic markers， which has important application value in the genetic diversity and molecular marker-assisted breeding of Medicago polymorpha.

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Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Rates on Quality Components of Cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis root in Desert Area Abdukeyoumu Abudurezike, Tuerson Tuerhong, Gulimira Aikebaier, Ayixiamu Shawuer 2022, 59(9): 2224-2231.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2273KB) ( )   【Objective】 to study the effects of different drip irrigation rates on the quality components of cultivated licorice roots in desert areas， and to explore the physiological mechanism of different drip irrigation rates on the quality components of licorice roots.【Methods] the field experiment was conducted in San Ping farm， Chang Ji Prefecture， Xinjiang， a scientific research and practice base of Xinjiang Agricultural University in 2019. Five drip irrigation levels such as X0 （0 m3 / hm2）， X1 （2，500 m3 / hm2）， X2 （5，000 m3 / hm2）， X3 （7，500 m3 / hm2） and X4 （10，000 m3 / hm2） were set to detect and analyze the effects of different drip irrigation levels on the contents of glycyrrhizic acid， glycyrrhizin， polysaccharide， total flavonoids and crude protein in the roots of licorice seedlings.【Results] when the drip irrigation rate was controlled at 2，500-7，500 m3 / hm2， it was conducive to the accumulation of quality components of licorice root. With the increase of drip irrigation rate， the quality components also increased. When the drip irrigation rate was more than 7，500 m3 / hm2， the contents of five quality components decreased significantly， and it was not conducive to the accumulation of quality components when there was no irrigation or excessive irrigation.【Conclusion] in the production of Glycyrrhizauralensis cultivated by drip irrigation in desert area， the quality components of Glycyrrhizauralensis root such as glycyrrhizic acid， glycyrrhizin， total flavonoids， crude protein and polysaccharide are the best when the amount of drip irrigation is controlled at 5，000 m3 / hm2.

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Study on the Tire Effect of Farmland Shelter Forest in Arid Desert Area MA Bin, WANG Shuai, WU Yiyan, JIANG Yan 2022, 59(9): 2232-2239.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1739KB) ( )   【Objective】 With the transformation of irrigation methods in Xinjiang， to explore the effects of farmland shelterbelts in arid areas. 【Method】 In this study， a north-south farmland shelterbelt in the 150 regiment of Xinjiang and a cotton field on the west side were selected as the research objects. The different tree heights of the farmland shelterbelt from the farmland shelterbelt were compared and analyzed based on the various factors of the farmland shelterbelt on the cotton field （H is the average farmland shelterbelt The spatiotemporal changes and distribution characteristics of factors such as weather， soil and cotton growth conditions in cotton fields at tree heights of 15 m） were used to study the stress law and stress degree of shelter forests on cotton fields， and screen out the dominant factors of farmland shelter forest threats. 【Results】 The results showed that the well-developed root system of poplar tree species in 150 groups of farmland shelterbelts is the main reason for the threat of the forest belt； the meteorological factors that cause farmland shelterbelts to the cotton land threat are light and soil moisture， and the correlation coefficient can reach 0.972 and 0.995； The main fertility factors that cause farmland shelterbelts to cotton field are soil organic matter and total nitrogen， and the correlation coefficients can reach 0.980 and 0.992. Farmland shelterbelts have a greater impact on the growth and development of cotton in the early stage， and the later symptoms of threatened land are alleviated. 【Conclusion】 Farmland shelterbelts have a greater impact on soil organic matter and total nitrogen in cotton fields. In the early stage， the growth of cotton was affected by reducing light intensity and soil moisture content.

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Formulation Optimization of Cookie With Okara Pleurotus eryngii Mycelium YUAN Huawei, WEI Yi, ZHAO Yu, TAO Tao, ZHOU Min, JIANG Jiajun, LI Li, XU Zhou, TANG Jiang, LOU Kai 2022, 59(9): 2240-2246.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2811KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to make full use of bean dregs and develop new food， a new type of cookie was developed by solid-state fermentation of Pleurotus eryngii mycelium. The effects of the amount of bean dregs Pleurotus eryngii mycelium， sugar， butter and eggs on the quality of cookies were studied. 【Method】 The sensory evaluation of cookies was carried out by single factor test and orthogonal test to determine the best formula. 【Result】 The results showed that the main and secondary factors affecting the quality of biscuits were mycelium， butter， white granulated sugar and eggs； the optimal formula of biscuits was 6% of Pleurotus eryngii mycelium， 32% of sugar， 46% of butter and 45% of eggs. The development of biscuits with bean dregs and Pleurotus eryngii mycelium improved the taste of bean dregs food and was rich in nutrition The product has good sensory quality， and the physicochemical and microbiological indexes meet the national standards. 【Conclusion】 The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of bean dregs and Pleurotus eryngii mycelium in cookies and other products.

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Effects of Organic acid Addition on Field Phosphorus Status and Yield in Cotton Field with Different Phosphorus Fertilization Rates in Xinjiang MA Chao, ZHANG Kai, YUAN Fang, ZHANG Nan, SHENG Jiandong, ZHANG Wentai 2022, 59(9): 2247-2257.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2744KB) ( )   【Objective】 Effects of organic acid addition on field phosphorus status and yield in cotton field with different phosphorus fertilization rates in Xinjiang. 【Method】 In order to reduce the chemical phosphorus fertilization rate and improve phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in cotton field in Xinjiang， different treatments of phosphorus fertilization rates （0，50，100 and 150 kg P2O5/hm2， MAP0， MAP50， MAP100 and MAP150）， with and without organic acid addition （organic acid 45 kg/hm2， OA and control， CK） were set under the field conditions. The characteristics of soil available phosphorus， plant uptake and distribution and yield were measured， and phosphate fertilizer use efficiency and field phosphorus balance were calculated. 【Result】 （1） With the increase of P fertilization rate， soil Olsen-P showed a first increase and then slightly decrease trend； under CK treatment， Olsen-P （at flowering and bolling stage） reached the maximum value under MAP100 treatment， while under OA treatment， Olsen-P reached the maximum value under MAP50 treatment. （2） The plant P uptake showed a trend of first increase and then slightly decrease with the increase of P fertilization rate. In CK treatment， the plant P phosphorus uptake reached the highest level at MAP100 treatment， and reached the highest in MAP50 treatment when organic acids were added. The addition of organic acids also increased the proportion of phosphorus distribution to reproductive organs. （3） UnderCK treatment， the yield of seed cotton increased with the increase of P fertilization rate， and the highest yield was 5，220 kg/hm2 under MAP150 treatment. However， under OA treatment， the yield of seed cotton showed a first increase and then decrease trend with the increase of P fertilization rate， and reached the highest value under MAP100 treatment （5，194 kg/hm2）. （4） Under CK treatment， the P fertilizer use efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase of P fertilization rate， and the P fertilizer use efficiency in MAP100 treatment was the highest （32.97%）； 【Conclusion】 however， under OA treatment（proposed dosage：45 kg OA+ 100 kg P2O5/hm2）， the P fertilizer use efficiency decreased with the increase of P fertilization rate， and the maximum P fertilizer use efficiency was 32.92% in MAP50 treatment. In conclusion， organic acid addition could improve soil phosphorus availability， plant phosphorus uptake， and distribution of phosphorus to reproductive organs at a lower chemical P fertilizer application rate， thus increasing seed cotton yield and P fertilizer use efficiency in cotton field.

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Contamination of Heavy Metals in the Farml and Soil in Midong Regions and Ecological Risk Assessment LEI Leijia, YIN Xin, GONG Lu, LIU Weiguo 2022, 59(9): 2258-2266.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1998KB) ( )   【Objective】 Land quality and the safety of agricultural products are essentia-l for human health.The purpose of our study were to comprehensively reflect the actual pollution condition of the surface soil by heavy metals in arid areas and to reveal the pos-sible ecological risks of farmland soil in Midong area.【Method】 In this study， sampled surface soil and analyzed the content of As， Cd， Cr， Hg， Pb， Cu， Zn and Ni， utilizeded the Geoaccumulation Index and the Potential ecological harm index method to evaluate the ecological risk in this region， correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to explore the main sources of heavy metals in the soil of Midong region.【Result】 The levels of 8 heavy metals in the farmlands of Midong area were lower than the limits of Farmland and Environmental Quality Evalluation Stands for Edible Agricultural Produc-ts（HJ/T 332-2006）.The average values of Cd， Hg， Cu and Zn were all exceeded Xinjiang background values， and the mean contents of Cd and Hg were 3~4 times of the backgro-und values.The average Igeo values were in the following order: Hg>Pb>Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>As.The 7 heavy metal elements of Midong district were light pollution. The average value of ec-ological hazard index (RI) was 31.41， it evaluated that the midong district was all in low potential ecological risk.The main sources of Cr a-nd Ni in Midong regioon's soil were natural sources，the main sources of Hg were anthrop-ogenic sources， and the main so-urces of Pb， Zn， As， Cd and Cu were natural and anthr-opogenic combined sources.【Conclusion】 Heavy metals in farmland soils in the Midong a-rea were slightly polluted and had a low potential ecological risk， and it still belong to t-he production safety area.

Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization·Agricultural Eeconomy

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CEffects of Supplemented with Guanidinoacetic Acid on the Plasma Guanidinoacetic Acid and Creatine Concentrations of Yili Horses During Exercise Training LIU Lv, LI Xiaobin, MA Yan, YANG Hao, ZHANG Wenjie, LU Hao, WEI Xinlan, GAO Junjie, OUYANG Wen, YANG Kailun 2022, 59(9): 2267-2275.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1213KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of guanidine acetic acid （GAA） supplementation on the concentration of guanidinacetic acid and creatine in plasma of Yili horse. 【Method】 Twenty Yili horses aged 2 to 3 years old， similar in weight （373.2±30.53） kg， and rigorously trained for speed races， were randomly divided into 4 groups and with 5 horses （3♀+2♂） in each group， and the training intensity were consistent. Each horse was fed 4 kg of concentrate supplements per day， and freely collected dry herbage. On this basis， each horse in each group was fed with 0 （CON group）， 25 （25 GAA group）， 50 （50 GAA group） and 75 mg/kg BW （75 GAA group） guanidine acetic acid respectively. 【Result】 The results showed as follows：（1） Supplementation of guanidine acetic acid significantly increased the plasma Cr/GAA， of horses in 50 GAA group from 1 to 10 days and 75 GAA group for 7 days and 10 days at 2 hours after feeding （P<0.01） ， and significantly increased the plasma creatinine concentration at 2 hours after feeding for 7 days and 10 days in 50 GAA group （P<0.05）. （2） Supplementation of guanidine acetic acid significantly increased plasma Cr/GAA in all experimental groups （P<0.01）， and plasma creatine concentration and 24 h urine creatine metabolite excretion in 50 and 75 GAA groups were significantly increased （P<0.01）. 【Conclusion】 It can be concluded that under the conditions of this experiment， guanidine acetic acid supplementation increased the concentration of plasma creatine metabolites and promoted the rapid absorption of guanidine acetic acid in Yili horse， and the suitable level of guanidine acetic acid supplementation was 50 mg/kg BW.

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Study on the Diversity of Gut Bacteria from Adults of Dendrolimus kikuchii LI Xuanwen, XIONG Zhi, WANG Jinhua, ZHOU Yiping, XIONG Zhongping 2022, 59(9): 2276-2287.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (8553KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the diversity of gut bacteria from adults of field-collected Dendrolimus kikuchii， which results could lay a foundation for the prevention and control of D. kikuchii and the protection of Pinus yunnanensis and other trees.【Method】 The total gut DNA was extracted from male moths and female moths of D. kikuchii respectively.The Illumina NovaSeq （PE250） high-throughput platform was used to sequence and analysis the V3~V4 regions of the gut bacterial 16S rDNA gene， and the gut bacterial community structure and diversity from male adults and female adults of D. kikuchii were analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 1278 OTUs from adults of D. kikuchii， including 28 phyla， 75 classes， 173 orders， 296 families and 550 genera. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in adults of D. kikuchii gut at the phyla level was Proteobacteria（88.27% for female and 88.17% for male）， those at the family level， the dominant bacteria of male moths were Sphingomonadaceae（49.16%） and Comamonadaceae（19.09%）， and the dominant bacteria of female moths were Erwiniaceae（34.09%） and Comamonadaceae（16.68%）， and those at the genus level， the dominant bacteria of male moths was Sphingomonas（48.09%）， and the dominant bacteria of female moths was Pantoea（31.05%）. The species diversity of gut bacteria in female moths of D. kikuchii was more abundant than those of male moths. The gut bacteria whose abundance showed the most significant difference was Alphaproteobacteria in male moths of D. kikuchii， and Gammaproteobacteria was in female moths of D. kikuchii. 【Conclusion】 The species of gut bacteria are rich from the adults of D. kikuchii.

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Effects of Biodegradable Film on Dry Matter Distribution and Yield Component of Sweet Potato WANG Wenjing, LIU Yajun, HU Qiguo, CHU Fengli 2022, 59(9): 2288-2294.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2243KB) ( )   【Objective】 Explored the effects of biodegradable film on dry matter distribution and yield components factors of sweet potato. 【Methods】 The field experiments were conducted to explore the effects of different plastic film mulching on dry matter weight， agronomic traits and yield formation factors of sweet potato. 【Results】 The results showed that the dry weight of stem was as follows： the ordinary film treatment>the biodegradable film treatment>the no film treatment. There was no significant difference between the ordinary film treatment and the biodegradable film treatment （P<0.05）， the film mulching treatment was significantly higher than the no film mulching treatment； The dry weight of tuber was as follows： the biodegradable film treatment>the ordinary film treatment>the no film treatment， and there were significant differences among the treatments； The weight per plant and the number of tubers per plant of the biodegradable film treatment were the highest， the ordinary film treatment was followed， and the T/R value （ratio of crown to root） of the biodegradable treatment was the lowest， compared with the ordinary film treatment and the no film mulching treatment， the biodegradable film treatment was significantly reduced 13.68% and 22.64% respectively； The dry matter rate， starch rate， commercial potato rate， fresh potato yield and dry potato yield of the biodegradable film treatment were the highest； The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between fresh potato yield and dry matter rate， and negatively correlated with T/R value and dry matter rate of stem. 【Conclusion】 Different plastic film mulching had different effects on dry matter distribution and yield components factors of sweet potato， The performance of biodegradable film was better than the ordinary film and the no film mulching.

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Design and Experiment of Continuous Apricot Kernel Removal Machine Maowulan , GUO Junxian, ZHU Zhaoshuai 2022, 59(9): 2295-2302.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (9885KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to improve the processing efficiency of fresh apricot, reduce pulp loss and increase productivity, a continuous apricot kernel removal machine was designed to achieve yield above 600 kg/h and loss rate below 5%. 【Method】 Through theoretical analysis and preliminary experimental research, the prototype structure and working parameter requirements are determined, and the prototype test is carried out. 【Result】 The results showed that the kernel removal rate of fresh apricot was more than 95%, the meat loss rate was less than 3.5%, and the productivity reached 638 kg/h. 【Conclusion】 Continuous apricot kernel removal machine realizes automatic feeding, effectively removes core and reduces pulp loss.

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Analysis on Influencing Factors of Blood Potassium in Holstein Cows SHI Jizhen, GAO Qing, YANG Zhichao, ZHANG Siwei, LUO Sunlin, HUANG Shangzhen, ZHANG Hailiang, GUO Yanbin, GUO Gang, Yu Ying, WANG Yachun 2022, 59(9): 2303-2309.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2424KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study was objectiveto explore the factors affecting blood potassium concentration （BPC） of dairy cows. 【Method】 The BPCwas measured from 222 milking cows in summer and 67 milking cows in autumn in Beijingby a hand-held blood potassium meter. The effects of temperature humidity index（THI）， rectal temperature （RT）， parity， milk stage， blood type and milkingstatuson BPC were analyzedusing a fixed model. 【Result】 The resultsshowed that the BPC measured by hand-held blood potassium meter were in the normal range，the BPC was 2.31~5.13 mmol/L. The BPC when THI>72 was significantly higher than that when THI<72 （P<0.05）. The effect of RT on BPCwas different under different THI range. When THI is between 55~60 and 77~78， BPC increased by 0.7 mmol/L and 0.32 mmol/L for every 1℃ increasein RT，respectively. There was no regression relationship between RT and BPC when THI were 72~76 and 79~88（P>0.05）.Venous BPC （4.01±0.05） mmol/L was significantly higher than arterial BPC（3.81±0.05） mmol/L（P<0.01）. The BPC after milking （4.06±0.05） mmol/L was significantly higher than that before milking（3.76±0.04） mmol/L（P<0.01）. The influence of parity and milk stage on BPC was not significant（P>0.05），whilewith the increase of day in milk， the BPC showed a decreasing trend. 【Conclusion】 The hand-held blood potassium meter can quickly and accurately determine the BPC indairy cows. THI has a significant effect on BPC， and the increase of THI will cause the increase or decrease of BPC. Milking status and blood type have great influence on BPC， which should beexcludedwhen it is analyzed.

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Differential Expression of Drug Resistance and Virulence Genes in Streptococcus agalactiae Isolated from Cattle FAN Xue, SHAO Wei, ZHAO Yankun, DU Xiaohui, CHEN He, WANG Fulan, WANG Shuai 2022, 59(9): 2310-2317.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2136KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the drug resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae to antibacterial agents and determine the carrying status of virulence gene and drug resistance gene of Streptococcus agalactiae.【Methods】 In this study， microdilution broth method and common PCR were used to detect the resistance of 16 kinds of antibacterial drugs and related drug resistance genes and virulence genes of Streptococcus agalactiae from bovine. Moreover， the expression levels of 8 virulence genes in different strains were analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. 【Results】 （1）The sensitivity of Streptococcus agalactiae to 11 drugs was more than 65%， among which the highest sensitivity was florfenicol （92.4%） and ceftiofur （88.4%）. The resistance rate of Streptococcus agalactiae to ampicillin， erythromycin and clindamycin was more than 50%， and the resistance rate of Streptococcus agalactiae to sulfagan was more than 45%. （2） The detection rates of gyrA， sul1， ermb and ermc were 100%， 86.67%， 93.3% and 33.3% respectively， while erma， sul2， sul3 and parc were not detected. （3） The detection rates of virulence genes pavA， cfb， fbsA， bibA， cspA， sip， iagA， hylB， rib， bca and cylE were 100%. The detection rates of rib， bca and cylE were 13.3%， 53.3% and 73.3%， respectively. However， the bac， lmb and scpB were not detected. （4） Fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that the expression levels of virulence gene was significantly different among different strains （P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】 The resistance rate of Streptococcus agalactiae to erythromycin and clindamycin is high. The virulence factor of Streptococcus agalactiae is an important factor of host infection disease.

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Effects of Tannin Additive on Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Sheep CHEN Xi, ZENG Xiancun, HU Bo, LIU Tong, DAI Liying, NAN Shanshan 2022, 59(9): 2318-2323.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1188KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tannin additives on performance and blood biochemical parameters in fattening sheep.【Method】 In the experiment， 30 fattening sheep aged five months and weighing 25~30 kg were randomly divided into three groups with ten replicates in each group. They were blank control group: group A， fed basal diet； experimental group: group B supplemented with 10 g/d tannin in basal diet and group C supplemented with 15 g/d tannin in basal diet. The prefeeding period of the trial was 7 days， the positive feeding period was 42 days， and the entire trial period was 49 days. At the end of feeding， their growth performance， closely related serum biochemical parameters and apparent digestibility of nutrients were measured. 【Result】 The daily gain of group B and C was higher than that of group A； compared with group A， the alanine aminotransferase level of group B and C was significantly increased （P<0.05）； the serum biochemical indicators such as total protein， albumin， globulin， creatinine and glucose of group B and C were not significantly affected； compared with group A， the alkaline phosphatase content of group B was significantly increased （P<0.05）， with no significant difference in group C； the apparent digestibility of crude protein of group B was lower than that of groups A and C（P>0.05）， and there were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of dry matter， crude fat， calcium and NDF.【Conclusion】 The addition of 10 and 15 g/d tannin additives to the grain of fattening sheep days could improve the performance of fattening sheep and had a greater effect on the contents of alanine aminotransferase， alkaline phosphatase， urea and crude protein.

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Expression of Dm86 Gene of Dermacenter Marginatus and Analysis of Immunogenicity LI Min, MA Ying, Huercha , HE Wenwen, SHI Qianyun, Alimujiang Jiapaer, JIANG Qian, Bayinchahan 2022, 59(9): 2324-2332.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (6905KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand Dm86 gene and its coding protein of Bm86 homologue，provide the basis for anti-Dermacenter marginatus vaccine candidate antigen.【Method】 this experiment amplified the Dm86 gene using the cDNA of fulminated female ticks，truncated genes to construct recombinant plasmids，SDS-PAGE identified after IPTG induction，purified protein and prepared polyclonal antibodies for Western Blotting identification. 【Result】 The target fragment of 1，773 bp was obtained by PCR amplification. According to the analysis of biological characteristics，Dm86 protein was presumed to be composed of 591 amino acids，with molecular weight of 64857.81 and theoretical isoelectric point of 6.78. It was acidic，had unstable hydrophilicity and multiple B cell epitopes. Fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that Dm86 gene was expressed to different degrees in different stages of ticks，and the expression level was higher in ticks at satiety stage. High antigenicity truncated gene building proteins. SDS-PAGE results showed that specific bands appeared around 39 kDa and expressed as an inclusion body. The titer of polyclonal antibody was 1∶25600，Western blot results show that，the recombinant protein can react with polyclonal antibody to produce specific bands. 【Conclusion】 Recombinant protein Dm86 has certain reactivity and immunogenicity，which can lay the foundation for the study of candidate antigens of vaccine against D. marginatus.

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Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Peasant Household Lending and Industry in Shiyang River Basin of Gansu Province SU Wuzheng, JIANG Guowei, WANG Guangyao 2022, 59(9): 2333-2340.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.030 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2036KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study analyzes the influence of different factors on the differentiated management behavior of farmers in Shiyang River Basin， Gansu Province.【Methods】 Using field investigation， questionnaire survey and literature analysis，756 questionnaires of farmers in Shiyang River basin， Gansu Province， using ordered probit model and binary probit model， this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the trend of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers in Shiyang River Basin， Gansu Province， and explores the comprehensive factors that affect the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers.【Results】 In the order model， gender had a negative effect on the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers at the 1% significant level， age had a positive effect on the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers at the 10% and 5% significant levels， marital status had a significant negative effect on the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers at the 1% significant level， the number of family labor force was positively promoting the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers at the 1% significant level， and agricultural technology training had a negative effect on the degree of part-time differentiation of farmers at the 1% significant level； The library has a positive effect on the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers at the significant level of 10% or 1%， and the cultural square has a negative effect on the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers at the 1% significant level.Grain subsidy had a negative effect on the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers at 10% significant level， and neighborhood relationship had a negative effect on the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers at 10% or 5% significant level. Household life satisfaction had a positive effect on farmers' concurrent-business differentiation at 1% significant level， and farmers' environmental satisfaction had a negative effect on farmers' concurrent-business differentiation at 10% significant level.【Conclusion】 The factors such as age， number of family labor force， library， family life satisfaction and so on have a significant positive effect on the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers， gender， marriage， agricultural technology training， cultural square， food subsidies， neighborhood relations， environmental satisfaction and other factors have a significant negative effect on the degree of concurrent-business differentiation of farmers.