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20 November 2023, Volume 60 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding · Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer
Microbes · Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering

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Crop Genetics and Breeding · Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer

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Analysis of the influence of different chemical treatments on the sealing effect of long staple cotton MA Hui, DAI Lu, LI Xingxing, Abuduaini Abuduweili, Aimaierjiang Abulitifu, TIAN Liwen, OU Huan 2023, 60(11): 2601-2608.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (889KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of chemical detopping on long-fiber cotton in the hope of providing theoretical support for integration matching techniques of chemical detopping. 【Methods】 The tested long staple cotton variety is Xin 78,A complete randomized experiment design was used to analyze the effects of seven detopping treatments: “Yiding”, “Yiding”, “Xianglingzhuan”, “Shiyifu”, “Miandingfeng”, “Guoguangguandingtaocan” and Manual topping on influences of cotton plant height, yield and yield components, main fiber quality. At the same time, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method base on entropy weight was applied to evaluate the 11 characters of each treatment.【Results】 The results showed that the plant height increment of pre and post the chemical detopping and artificial detopping treatments were 16.1-40.9 cm and 3.1 cm, respectively; “Yiding”treatent number of fruit branches pe cotton plant was compare with “Mianfengding”and Manual topping separately high 1.5units,1.8untits.boll number per plant of “Yiding” and “Yiding” treatments was significantly higher than those of “Shiyifu”, “Miandingfeng” and artificial detopping treatments, the boll weight of the “Shiyifu” treatment was significantly higher than that of the “Guoguangguandingtaocan” treatment by 0.23 g, lint percent of “Yiding” treatment was significantly higher than that of artificial detopping, “Yiding” and “Shiyifu” by 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3percentage points,the seed cotton yield of “Yiding” treatment was significantly higher than that of “Shiyifu”, artificial detopping and “Miandingfeng” treatment by 16.4%, 17.4% and 20.8%. The lint cotton yield of “Yiding” treatment was significantly higher than those of “Guoguangguandingtaocan”, “Xianglingzhuan”, “Shiyifu”, artificial detopping and “Miandingfeng” treatment by 15.4%, 16.0%, 20.8%, 21.2% and 22.9%, the strength and the length uniformity index had little difference, but it was significant for the micronaire value and length. The comprehensive evaluation of fuzzy method showed that the comprehensive performance of “Yiding”, “Yiding”, “Guoguangguandingtaocan” and “Xianglingzhuan” was better than artificial detopping.【Conclusion】 The plant height increment of chemical capping treatment is larger; chemical detpping has a significant effect on yield and yield components, micronaire value and length; “Yiding” treatment effect is the best, “Yiding”, “Guoguangguandingtaocan” and “Xianglingzhuan” treatment effect are second.

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Effects of planting density on canopy structure, canopy temperature and humidity and yield of 76 cm machine-picked cotton with equal row spacing WANG Jiayong, LI Chunmei, XU Wenxiu, LI Pengcheng, ZHANG Na, LI Ling, MA Yunzhen, WANG Fang 2023, 60(11): 2609-2617.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1449KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out the most suitable planting density suitable for planting with 76 cm machine pick up cotton equal row spacing.【Methods】 From April to October 2020, 76 cm equal row spacing plastic film was used for planting, with 9×104 plants/hm2 (A) and 12×104 plants field trials were conducted at five planting densities of /hm2 (B), 15×104 plants/hm2 (C), 18×104 plants/hm2 (D), and 21×104 plants/hm2 (E). Inclination angle (MTA), canopy opening (DIFN), light interception rate, canopy temperature, humidity, yield and other indicators were used to study the effects of different planting densities on cotton canopy structure, canopy temperature and humidity and yield. 【Results】 The LAI and leaf inclination angle of each treatment increased with the increase of planting density, which always showed E>D>C>B>A, and the canopy opening basically showed A>B>C>D> E; The light interception rate of each treatment basically showed a "V"-shaped variation trend in space, and the higher the density, the lower the average temperature and the higher the average humidity in the canopy. When the treatment level was 15×104 plants/hm2, the number of bolls per plant and the weight of single bolls were significantly increased compared with the control, and the yield of seed cotton was 4,849.96 kg/hm2. The yields were increased by 41.94%, 24.20%, 4.72% and 15.20% respectively compared with other treatments. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensively considering, in this experiment, the density of 15×104 plants/hm2 can obtain a better cotton canopy structure, which is beneficial to the canopy light distribution and obtains higher yield.

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Analysis of the difference of transcription groups of upland cotton under heat stress WANG Hui, DONG Yongmei, GUO Weifeng, CAO Xinchuan, GUO Jincheng, XIE Zongming, HE Liangrong 2023, 60(11): 2618-2626.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1278KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the response of key genes to heat stress and compare the differences of gene expression.【Methods】 RNA-Seq was used to sequence and analyze the transcriptome of YZ1 unde2r normal(26℃)and high temperature stress(42℃).【Results】 Gohir.A08G10410A total of 383 up-regulated genes and 234 down regulated genes were identified in WN4/WH4, WN12/WH12, WN24/WH24 and WN48/WH48. According to GO function, the differential genes were mainly enriched into 20 categories, namely, up-regulated differential genes and down-regulated differential genes. According to KEGG function analysis, the differential genes were significantly enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, phenylalanine metabolism, circadian rhythm-plant and endoplasmic reticulum processing and other pathways. 39 transcription factors were identified, mainly belonging to WRKY and MYB families; Combined with gene annotation, it was found that the expression levels of these two genes were significantly different in the whole period. Gohir.A08G104100 was the main gene of heat stress, which was crucial to the heat tolerance of plants, while Gohir. D08G033300 was a limiting enzyme for plastid isoprene biosynthesis and was critical for chloroplast development.【Conclusion】 Through comparative transcriptome analysis, the difference of gene transcription expression between upland cotton under high temperature stress and normal temperature is compared.

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Identification of TCP family and analysis of tissue expression in upland cotton HU Wenran, ZHAO Zhun, SHAO Wukui, HUANG Quansheng 2023, 60(11): 2627-2637.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1805KB) ( )   【Objective】 Identification and analysis of TCP family genes in upland cotton can lay a foundation for studying the biological functions of TCP genes. 【Methods】 Based on the newly assembled upland cotton TM-1 reference genome in 2019, the TCP family HMM model file was obtained from Pfam website, the upland cotton TCP gene was identified using Hmmer website, and the upland cotton TCP genome protein sequence was obtained from Cotton FGD website. MapInspect software was used for chromosome location, MEGA 7.0 was used for multiple sequence alignment cluster analysis, MEME website was used for motif prediction, TBtools software was used for gene structure identification and tissue-specific expression analysis of upland cotton.【Results】 Sixty-three TCP genes of upland cotton were identified from the whole genome level, including 39 subclasses of Class I and 24 subclasses of Class II. The Class II subfamilies included 17 CIN subclasses and 7 CYC/TB1 subclasses. The 63 genes were distributed on 22 chromosomes of upland cotton, including 33 genes in group A and 30 genes in Group D. All TCP proteins contained TCP domains. The gene structure analysis results showed that the structures and lengths of exon and introns were similar in the same subfamily. 12 of the TCP family genes were preferentially expressed in fibrous tissue, 32 in flower organs, and 16 in roots, stems and leaves.【Conclusion】 In this study, TCP genes related to flowering regulation and fiber development in upland cotton are identified and obtained by bioinformatics method.

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The influence of different planting densities on agronomic traits, yield and quality of machine-picked cotton varieties WANG Haitao, LIU Cunjing, TANG Liyuan, ZHANG Sujun, CAI Xiao, LI Xinghe, MA Wenna, HAN Junwei, ZHANG Xiangyun, ZHANG Jianhong 2023, 60(11): 2638-2645.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (779KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to determine the suitable planting density of JI JC4 and JI JC7 in Hebei cotton area, the effects of different planting densities on growth and development, yield, quality and disease resistance were studied. 【Methods】 4 different planting densities (4.5×104, 9×104, 13.5×104 and 18×104 plant/hm2 ) were set to investigate the agronomic traits, yield, quality and disease resistance of cotton, and the optimum planting densities of JI JC4 and JI JC7 were comprehensively analyzed. 【Results】 With the increase of planting density, the plant height of JI JC4 and JI JC7 decreased, the height of the first node of fruit branch increased, and the whole growth period delayed. The lint yield of JI JC4 was higher with the increase of planting density, and the difference was obvious. The density of JI JC7 line had little effect on lint yield. Different planting densities had effect on micronaire value of JI JC4, on elongation of JI JC7, and had no significant effect on other cotton fiber quality indexes. With the increase of planting density, Verticillium wilt disease index decreased and its resistance increased. 【Conclusion】 Overall, the suitable planting density of JI JC4 and JI JC7 were 13.5×104 plant/hm2.

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Effects of plant growth regulator combined with different leaf fertilizer on the accumulation of dry material and yield quality in cotton WU Gang, ZHAO Qiang, XIE Jia, ZHANG Qiyue, ZHAN Dongxia, TIAN Yangqing, LI Xinxin 2023, 60(11): 2646-2652.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (701KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the effects of amine fresh and methylperidium compound on the growth and development of cotton, and to clarify the effect of amine fresh and meperamide compound on cotton yield increase of different foliar fertilizers, 【Methods】 The experiment was carried out in Dafeng Town, Hutubi County in 2021, using Xinluzao 82, mainly amine fresh and methyl, respectively, compounded acetylamine, auxiliary, borozin fertilizer, potassium scalemate, silicon fertilizer; Single administration of acetylamine was taken the control. In this experiment, the effects of different treatments on the agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and yield quality of cotton were analyzed. 【Results】 The results showed that different treatments showed different degrees of regulation of plant height, among which the treatment of amine fresh meperidium + additive + boron zinc fertilizer had a strong ability to inhibit plant height. In terms of dry matter accumulation, the amount of drifting dry matter accumulated by foliar sprays of amine fresh, meperamide + additive + potassium phosphite was the largest in all treatments, reaching 45.37 g/plant, and the total dry matter weight was the highest, reaching 83.71 g/plant; In terms of yield, the number of bolls per plant sprayed with amine fresh, meperidium + additive + boron zinc fertilizer reached a maximum of 6.78 per plant, and the maximum weight of a single bell was 6.41 g, and the yield of seed cotton harvested by spraying amine fresh o meperidium + additive + potassium phosphite was the highest, which was 10.42% higher than that of the control. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, the combination of amine fresh o meperidium + auxiliaries + potassium phosphite has the best yield enhancement effect.

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Drought resistance evaluation of liaomian cotton varieties at germination stage under PEG simulated drought stress SHAN Ying, LI Yue, XU Min, LIU Yanzhen, LI Ran, CHEN Jieyin, WANG Zisheng, ZHU He 2023, 60(11): 2653-2660.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (944KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the drought resistance at seed germination stage of six Liaomian cotton varieties under PEG simulated drought stress.【Methods】 The seeds of six Liaomian varieties were used as the testing materials to study drought resistance at seed germination stage under different concentrations of PEG-6000 (0, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%). Germination energy, germination rate, germination index, germination drought resistance index, hypocotyl length, root length, seedling fresh weight and root fresh weight were measured under different drought stress.【Results】 The germination of cotton seeds was inhibited to different degrees, and the germination energy, germination rate and germination drought resistance index were decreased with the increase of PEG concentrations. Seedling growth index and root growth index were significantly inhibited under 2.5% PEG stress. 5.0% PEG stress promoted root length growth of all materials. The inhibition degrees of each index under PEG stress above 5.0% concentration were gradually increased with the increase of stress.【Conclusion】 The six Liaomian cotton varieties were sorted according to their drought resistance as follows: Liaomian 10>Liaomian 23>Liaomian 45>Liaomian 53>Liaomian 49>Liaomian 34.

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Effects of defoliants on defoliation, yield and quality of machine-picked cotton in different planting modes JIANG Congjun, Alifu Aierxi, LIN Tao, SHA Hong, ZHENG Zipiao, Nuermanguli Wupuer, JIANG Zhengjun, CUI Jianping, GUO Rensong, WANG Liang, ZHANG Na 2023, 60(11): 2661-2666.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (617KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of defoliants on defoliation, yield and quality of machine-picked cotton in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The 4 machine-picked cotton planting modes were set up, one film six lines K1[(12 cm+64 cm+12 cm+64 cm+12 cm)+64 cm]×11 cm; one film three lines K2[(76 cm+76 cm)+76 cm]×5.6 cm; one film three lines K3[(76 cm+76 cm)+76 cm]×9.5 cm; one film four lines K4[(12 cm+64 cm+12 cm)+64]cm×11 cm. during the cotton fluffing period, the effects of defoliation, yield and quality were analyzed under different planting patterns after spraying defoliation ripening agent. 【Results】 There were no significant difference in defoliation rate and fluffing rate in 25 days after spraying defoliation and ripening agent in different planting modes. The K1 planting mode had the highest yield, and the seed cotton yield was respectively 5.15%, 8.7%, and 4.5% higher than those of the K2, K3, and K4 planting modes in 2020. After spraying the defoliant ripening agent, there was no significant difference in uniformity of length of cotton fiber, specific breaking strength, micronaire, elongation at break, staple fibre index and maturity between different planting patterns.【Conclusion】 There is no significant difference in defoliation rate and flocculation rate among different planting modes after spraying defoliation and ripening agent. Spraying defoliation and ripening agent has little effect on cotton fiber quality,cotton yield is the highest under the mode of one film six lines.

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Comparative study on growth, yield and quality of different cotton varieties under hail disaster reseeding SUN Minghui, Ayinuer Kayimu, ZHAI Menghua, DAI Jianmin, ZHANG Jusong 2023, 60(11): 2667-2673.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (821KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out the cotton varieties suitable for rebroadcasting after hail disaster. 【Methods】 The post-disaster cotton replanting experiment was carried out in Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang. Five early and mid-maturing upland cotton varieties suitable for post-disaster rescue and disaster relief were selected as test materials to study the differences in quantity, yield and its constituent factors and main fiber quality traits. 【Results】 Among the tested varieties, Xinluzao 78 had the shortest growth period of 122 d, the plant height was 106.7 cm, the height of the first fruit branch was 22.6 cm, and the first fruit branch was 6.0 knots. Compared with other tested varieties, the distribution was more reasonable, and it was more conducive to the formation of cotton plant yield in the later stage. The seed cotton and lint cotton yields of Xinluzao 78 both reached the highest among the tested varieties, at 5,534.0 kg/hm2 and 2,343.0 kg/hm2 with fine fiber quality.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that the tested variety Zhongxinluzao 78 has better comprehensive performance and can be used as a cotton variety suitable for rebroadcasting after hail disaster.

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Optimum water and nitrogen combination for growth and yield of drip-irrigated cotton in Xinjiang PAN Yang, FU Qiuping, HAI Ying, QI Tong, HONG Ming, MA Yingjie, PAN Junjie 2023, 60(11): 2674-2686.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1709KB) ( )   【Objective】 To establish and improve the optimal water and nitrogen input strategy of machine-picked cotton under mulched drip irrigation, thus realizing water saving, quality improvement and efficiency increase.【Methods】 Taking the cotton as the research object by the drip irrigation machine under the film, three irrigation levels (0, 168, 240 and 312 kg/hm2) and four nitrogen levels (3,000, 3,525 and 4,200 m3/hm2) were designed to study the response mechanism of plant height, stem diameter, SPAD, LAI and other combinations of water and nitrogen.【Results】 The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, SPAD and leaf area index increased with the increase of nitrogen and irrigation amount, but the amount of nitrogen and water could reduce the stem diameter of cotton. When the amount of irrigation was consistent, the water consumption of no nitrogen treatment was significantly lower than that of nitrogen application, the water consumption of 240 kg/hm2 was the largest. But the water use efficiency of nitrogen treatment was higher than that of non nitrogen treatment, and when the amount of irrigation was 3,000 and 3,525 m3/hm2, the water use efficiency increases with the increase of nitrogen application. With the treatment of nitrogen application 168 kg/hm2, the increase in the amount of irrigation promoted the nitrogen productivity of the machine, with a high nitrogen application of 312 kg/hm2, and the amount of irrigation reduced the productivity of nitrogen fertilizer. When the amount of irrigation was 3,525 m3/hm2 and the amount of nitrogen application was 240 kg/hm2, the water production efficiency of the machine, the number of effective single plant, the weight of the single boll and the clothes were the highest, which was the suitable irrigation and fertilization system in the local area.【Conclusion】 Irrigation and nitrogen application has significant interaction action on growth, water use efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity and yield of machine-picked cotton. Comprehensively considering the three evaluation indexes of seed cotton yield, water and nitrogen utilization rate and the adaptability of machine-picked cotton, when the irrigation amount is 3,600-4,200 m3/hm2 and the nitrogen application amount is 160-312 kg/hm2, the seed cotton yield, WUE and PFPN can reach more than 80% of the maximum value at the same time, which is the most suitable water and nitrogen combination range for machine-picked cotton in the experimental study area.

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Drought resistance identification and screening of 283 maize TANG Huaijun, XIE Xiaoqing, ZHANG Lei, SUN Baocheng, YANG Jie, LIU Cheng 2023, 60(11): 2687-2693.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1154KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to provide germplasm resources and theoretical basis for drought-resistant breeding, 283 maize material were selected for comprehensive evaluation of drought-resistance coefficient and yield in well-watered under water-stressed.【Methods】 Using the method of double selection of drought resistance coefficient and yield in well-watered, the changes of drought resistance, yield and phenotypic characteristics of maize in well-watered were analyzed and studied.【Results】 The results showed that under well-watered and water-stressed, the yield was normally distributed, the drought resistance coefficient showed skewed distribution, the average drought resistance coefficient was 0.617, and the stress intensity was 0.383. 15 excellent inbred lines and 3 crosses were selected for both high yield and drought resistance. The days of silking (58.5-71.0 days), plant height (150-208.1 cm), ear height (44.6-77.5 cm), number of grains per ear (295-502 grains per ear), and 100 grain weight (16.5-36.0 g) of inbred lines with excellent drought resistance in well-watered and yield per plant (60.4-90.5 g) showed certain range characteristics. The hybrids with excellent drought resistance had days of silking (61.5-63.0 days), plant height (275.6-287.8 cm), ear height (103.8-115.0 cm), number of grains per ear (538-692 grains per ear), and 100 grain weight (34.9-38.9 g) in well-watered and yield per plant (165.7-186.8 g) showed a certain range. The yield per plant and drought resistance of excellent drought resistant materials were higher than the average level, while the growth period, plant height, spike height, grain number per spike and hundred grain weight were lower than the average level. Grain number per spike and hundred grain weight had a complementary relationship. 【Conclusion】 A total of 18 excellent maize materials with high yield and drought resistance are selected. The yield per plant of 15 inbred lines in well-watered is not less than 60 g, and the drought resistance coefficient was not less than 0.8. The yield per plant of the 3 hybrid combinations in well-watered is not less than 160 g, and the drought tolerance index of the varieties is greater than 1.5. The 18 materials have high yield under normal irrigation conditions and strong drought resistance in terms of grain number per spike, which can be used in breeding.

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Screening and evaluation of aromatic rice varieties with high quality and high yield in Xinjiang Buhaliqiemu Abulizi, ZHANG Yanhong, YUAN Jie, ZHAO Zhiqiang, WEN Xiaorong, DU Xiaojing, WANG Fengbin, LYU Yuping, Amanguli Aizizi 2023, 60(11): 2694-2703.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (914KB) ( )   【Objective】 This research aims to screen out high-quality and high-yield aromatic rice varieties, which are suitable for rice planting in Xinjiang region.【Methods】 The yield, component factors and quality indexes of the 11 aromatic rice varieties were measured, and the differences of yield and quality traits of different aromatic rice varieties were comprehensively evaluated by correlation, principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Results】 There were differences in yield and quality traits among the 11 aromatic rice varieties, with the variation coefficients ranging from 2.70% to 69.19%, and the variation was mainly reflected in kernels per panicle, chalky degree and chalky rate. The 1,000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain growth, and the yield was positively correlated with chalky rate and gel consistency. Principal component analysis showed that Xinjingyi 20 had the highest comprehensive score of 2.565,9, and Xinjingxiang 53 had the lowest comprehensive score of-2.022,6. Cluster analysis showed that when the European-style distance was 10, aromatic rice varieties were divided into three classes, aromatic rice varieties accounted for 63.64% in the class I; aromatic rice varieties accounted for 27.27% in the class II; in the class III, the aromatic rice variety was Xinjingyi 20, which accounted for 9.09%. The quality and yield of aromatic rice varieties in the class III were the best, which was the worst in the class II. Comprehensive analysis showed that Xinjingyi 20 had the best quality and high yield.【Conclusion】 Xinjingyi 20 has the best quality and high yield. In addition, increasing kernels per panicle and reducing chalky rate might be the key research direction for improving yield and quality of aromatic rice varieties in Xinjiang.

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The influence of sowing rate on dry matter sccumulation, grain filling characteristics and yield of dryland spring wheat LUO Xiaoying, FANG Yanfei, SUN Tingting, TANG Jianghua, WANG Luzhen, TANG Tian, WANG Chen, XU Wenxiu 2023, 60(11): 2704-2711.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (948KB) ( )   【Objective】 Find out the suitable sowing rate for dryland agricultural areas under the extreme drought conditions spring wheat in Xinjiang.【Methods】 The single factor randomized block experiment design was adopted in this experiment, the effects of different sowing rates on dry matter accumulation, grain filling characteristics and yield of spring wheat in dryland were studied by setting four sowing rates: 150 kg/hm2(D1),225 kg/hm2(D2),300 kg/hm2(D3),375 kg/hm2(D4).【Results】 The results showed that the dry matter accumulation per plant of wheat decreased with the increase of sowing rate, and each treatment reached the peak at the filling stage; With the increase of sowing rate, the duration of rapid increase period and slow increase period and grouting duration were significantly shortened, and the average grouting rate decreased; If the sowing rate is too large, the grouting rate and maximum grouting rate in the rapid increase period and slow increase period decrease, the time to reach the maximum grouting rate is advanced, and the grouting duration is shortened; The panicles of wheat increased with the increase of sowing rate, and the number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle and yield decreased with the increase of sowing rate; The highest yield of D1 treatment was 1,659.28 kg/hm2, which was significantly increased by 9.94%, 12.84% and 35.72% compared with the other three treatments.【Conclusion】 The minimum sowing rate of wheat in this area is 150 kg/hm2.

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Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application methods on growth and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency of drip irrigation wheat CHEN Chuanxin, ZHANG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Hongzhi, LEI Junjie 2023, 60(11): 2712-2718.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (739KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different phosphorus application methods on the growth of drip irrigation wheat and the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in order to provide reference for the efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer in drip irrigation wheat.【Methods】 Under the condition of field drip irrigation, winter wheat Xindong 41 was used as the experimental material. Under the condition of equal amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, six phosphorus fertilizer application methods were set: F0: no phosphorus application, F1:100% basic application, F2:75% basic application + 25% topdressing, F3:50% basic application + 50% topdressing, F4:25% basic application + 75% topdressing and F5:100% topdressing to study the effects of different phosphorus application methods on dry matter, nutrient accumulation, yield and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate of wheat. 【Results】 Phosphorus application significantly increased the dry matter and nutrient accumulation of wheat and increased the yield. Phosphorus application treatment increased the number of ears, grains per ear and 1,000-grain weight. The number of ears, grains per ear and 1,000-grain weight of phosphorus application treatment increased by 5.93%-23.99%, 0.32%-8.76% and 1.78%-6.45% respectively compared with F0 treatment. There were differences in wheat yield and components under different phosphorus application treatments. The number of panicles, grains per panicle and 1,000 grain weight of F3 treatment were the best. The yield of F3 treatment was 10.21% higher than that of F5 treatment, and the difference was significant. The phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate, partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of F3 treatment increased by 11.00%, 4.81 kg/kg and 4.80 kg/kg respectively compared with F1 treatment. 【Conclusion】 F3 treatment (50% basal application + 50% topdressing) has the best performance in population yield components and reaches high fertilizer utilization rate.

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Response of seed vigor to harvest time and spike parts of wheat ZHANG Lulu, LI Peng, ZHANG Jinshan, JIA Yonghong, LUO Siwei, LI Dandan, WANG Kai, SHI Shubing 2023, 60(11): 2719-2726.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (790KB) ( )   【Objective】 To probe the response of seed vigor to wheat harvesting period and spike parts.【Methods】 Xinchun 37 was selected as material and harvested 15 (A15), 20 (A20), 25 (A25), 30 (A30), 35 (A35), 40 (A40) and 45 d (A45) after anthesis, respectively. The panicle parts were divided into six levels: basal (L), middle (M1, M2) and upper (U1, U2 and U3). The seed physical characters, vigor indexes, seedling and root traits of spring wheat were measured.【Results】 (1) With the delay of harvest, the width, area, 1,000-seed weight and specific gravity of seeds increased significantly; The seed length, seedling height, seedling dry fresh weight, root length, root surface area, root volume, root average diameter and seed vigor index increased first and then decreased, and the seed vigor index showed the following order: A40 (A35) >A45>A30>A25>A20>A15. (2) The germination potential and germination rate of seeds harvested from 35 d to 40 d after anthesis were above 90%, and the seed vigor indices of different panicle locations were as follows: middle panicle (M1, M2) > base panicle (L) > upper panicle (U1, U2 and U3). 【Conclusion】 The correlation between basal seed vigor and root mean diameter, seed vigor and thousand seed weight in the middle of the spike, and seed vigor and specific gravity in the upper part of the spike are all high, indicating that seed vigor in the three spike parts is an important indicator for selecting the comprehensive seed vigor.

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Adaptability analysis and application evaluation of high and stable yield of new barley variety Mengpimai 5 MA Yu, LYU Ersuo, Batu , XU Shoujun, XU Guangxiang, LI Jianbo, DU Huiting, LIU Zhiping 2023, 60(11): 2727-2734.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (903KB) ( )   【Objective】 To systematically understand the production and application value of new barley variety Mengpimai 5 in the hope of providing favorable data support for its wide application.【Methods】 Based on the multi-point regional test and production test data of Mengpimai 5 for many years,the high and stable yield and adaptability of Mengpimai 5 were analyzed by comparative analysis,high stability coefficient method,genotype grouping method and adaptive parameter method,and the correlation between yield factors was clarified by combining with the path analysis of yield related traits. 【Results】 In the production demonstration,the average yield of Mengpimai 5 was 4,395.2 kg/hm2,which was 19.5% higher than that of the control,and the yield point rate was 87.5%. In the two-year regional test, the high stability coefficient was the largest,the coefficient of variation was the smallest,the adaptive parameters were less than 1,the 1000-grain weight was 53.8 g,the full grain was 93.45%,the germination rate was 98%,the malt extract was 80%,the Kurbaha value was 40.5%,the saccharifying power was 435 WK,and the α-amino acid was 153 mg/100g. Among the yield components, grain number per plant(0.667) had the greatest direct impact on yield,followed by effective panicle number(0.543) and 1,000-grain weight(-0.41). Grain number per plant and effective panicle number had a positive effect on yield formation of Mengpimai 5,while 1,000-grain weight had a negative effect on yield formation.【Conclusion】 Mengpimai 5 has high and stable yield,strong adaptability, and its quality index meets the national standard of high-quality malting barley. It is suitable for planting in the middle-eastern and western Inner Mongolia and spring wheat areas with similar ecological conditions. In order to ensure the maximum yield effect of Mengpimai 5 and promote its large-scale popularization and application,the basic seedlings should be increased as far as possible,but the cultivation density should be paid attention to prevent lodging. At the same time,timely fertilization and irrigation at tillering stage can promote effective tillering.

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Effects of biodegradable plastic film on sugarbeet growth and yield WANG Xu, HE Haixiu, FAN Shoujie, PENG Chunhao, WANG Ruinan, MENG Ling, XU Qiao, BAI Ruxiao, CUI Yu 2023, 60(11): 2735-2741.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (841KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the 6 μm Effects of beet special biodegradable film on beet growth, yield and sugar content. 【Methods】 P87 6 μm Special biodegradable plastic film (BD) and ordinary polyethylene mulch (PE) were used, and bare land (CK) was used as control to analyze the effects of different film mulching on 10 cm soil temperature, beet growth, beet yield and sugar content.【Results】 BD and PE had an more obvious warming effect than CK. The cumulative temperature of 10cm soil under the three treatments was PE>BD>CK; BD and PE significantly promoted the root length and surface area of sugarbeet; In terms of sugar content of sugarbeet, BD and PE had certain sugar increasing effect compared with CK, but the sugar increasing effect of BD treatment was more significantly increased by 10.17% and 1.6% respectively; The degradation rate of plastic film treated with BD in the current season could reach 75.23%, which significantly reduced white pollution. 【Conclusion】 BD mulching film can maintain good integrity in the early stage of sugarbeet growth with a good warming effect. At the same time, BD can significantly improve the root length, root surface area, aboveground and underground dry matter quality, yield, sugar containing rate and sugar content of sugarbeet, and improve the income.

Microbes · Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering

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Microbial diversity analysis of sweet sorghum silage using High-Throughput sequencing YUE Li, WANG Hui, Shanqimike , Zaituniguli Kuerban, TU Zhendong 2023, 60(11): 2742-2750.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1298KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the microbial diversity of sweet sorghum silage in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for silage production and storage.【Methods】 In this study, the microbial diversity of silage from two varieties with or without the addition of silage additives were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing.【Results】 The dominant bacterial phyla in sweet sorghum silage were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria, and the dominant bacterial genera were Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Lactococcus and Corynebacterium. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum in fungal community.【Conclusion】 The microbial flora composition of sweet sorghum silage is similar among different treatments, but the relative abundance is significantly different. Silage microbial agent reduces the relative abundance of microbial flora in sweet sorghum silage.

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Study on the fruit quality and raisins character of thompson seedless and Its lines HU Jinge, BAI Shijian 2023, 60(11): 2751-2763.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1040KB) ( )   【Objective】 Its line for fresh and raisins, this project aims to select high yield and good quality in the hope of providing the foundation for the grape's cultivation with high quality and high yield.【Methods】 18 diverse lines of this variety were taken as materials, Thompson seedless grape was used as control, the characters of bunch were described, the fruit quality was determined and drying test was carried out.【Results】 Bunch weight of long-bunch Thompson seedless and Ningxia Thompson seedless were 620.20 and 632.67 g respectively, which were 2.25 times and 2.29 times compared with CK. Berry weight of W3 was maximum and 3.10 g, followed by big-berry Thompson seedless and berry weight was 2.45 g, which was 2.35 times and 2.97 times respectively. The soluble solid content of 18 lines was lower than that of CK, the reducing sugar contents of big-berry Thompson seedless, W5 and W9 were 1.34%, 1.91% and 3.17% higher than that of CK respectively, the sugar-acid ratio of W5, Zaowuhebai and Hongxiu were significantly higher than that of CK, and increased by 18.11%, 23.34% and 22.97%, VC of big-berry Thompson seedless and W3 were significantly higher than that of CK, and increased by 6.65% and 3.98. In terms of drying characteristics, dry rate of big-berry Thompson seedless and W8 were 6.65% and 3.98% higher than that of CK. In addition, shape index of long-berry Thompson seedless raisins was 3.10 and 1.46 times compared with CK, and popular in the market. Zaowuhebai was pink and raisins had unique appearance with yellow-red-reddish-brown color.【Conclusion】 Long-bunch Thompson seedless, big-berry Thompson seedless and long-berry Thompson seedless have excellent performance, which, in addition, Zaowuhebai can be used as a characteristic strain.

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GC-IMS analysis of the fingerprints of volatile substances in different walnut leaves WANG Ruyue, LUO Shasha, WANG Ru, HU Haifang, SUN Yali 2023, 60(11): 2764-2778.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2275KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in leaves of three walnut varieties, compare the differences of VOCs among leaves of each walnut, and construct the scent fingerprint of VOCs of three walnut varieties.【Methods】 Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry GC-IMS was used to analyze the odor fingerprints of volatile substances in the leaves of Hickory walnut, Wen185 and American red walnut, and variance analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the differences in the fingerprints of volatile substance odor in their leaves. 【Results】 The volatile substances were contained in the leaves of different walnut varieties including alcohols, esters, aldehydes, terpenes and a small amount of ketones and furans. The contents of ethyl acetate, β-pinene dimer and acetone in walnut were significantly different from those of Wen185. The contents of 2-vinylaldehyde, cineole and 2, 5-dimethylfuran in walnut were higher than those of Wen185 and American red walnut. 【Conclusion】 There are significant differences in the fingerprint profiles of Hickory walnut, Wen185 and American red walnut, and the content of alcohol was higher in Hickory walnut, and the content of terpenes was higher in American red walnut. The content of Wen185 in esters was higher than that of Hickory walnut and American red walnut.

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Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on growth and soil properties of Lycium barbarum L. LYU Liangyu, FAN Guanghui, FU Quan, SU Caifeng, LI Fayi 2023, 60(11): 2779-2789.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1269KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of bio-organic fertilizer application on growth, yield, quality and soil properties of organic Lycium barbarum.【Methods】 Ningqi no.7 was used as experimental material, and the effects of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on the growth of Lycium barbarum L.and the differences of soil nutrient contents were compared during the growing season (July to November) with no fertilization as the control (CK).【Results】 The results showed that compared with CK, application of bio-organic fertilizer decreased soil conductivity and pH, and increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents.Application of 44.55 L/hm2 compound bio-organic fertilizer had obvious soil improvement effect, which was significantly different from CK.After applying bio-organic fertilizer, the photosynthetic characteristics of Lycium barbarum leaves were improved, the tree height and crown width of Lycium barbarum plants were significantly increased, and 44.55 L/hm2 compound bio-fertilizer had the best effect.After applying Trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer, compound bioorganic fertilizer and Bacillus bioorganic fertilizer, the yield of each treatment increased by 4.8%-21.7%, 11.9%-31.4% and 3.5%-21.7%, and the fruit quality was improved., and the fruit quality was the best when 44.55 L/hm2 compound biofertilizer was applied per hectare.【Conclusion】 After comprehensive evaluation, the growth status of Lycium barbarum under different bio-organic fertilizer treatments were improved to a certain extent, and the soil physical and chemical properties were improved, among which 44.55 L/hm2 compound bio-organic fertilizer applied per hectare had the best effect.

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Control effects of pendimethalin and flumioxazin to annual weeds in cotton field WU Lili, QIAN Tao, CHEN Yan, Wumaierjiang Baikeli, LI Guangkuo, DING Ruifeng 2023, 60(11): 2790-2797.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (727KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the control effect of pendimethalin EC, flumioxazin WP and their mixture to annual weeds and safety to cotton in the hope of providing scientific reference for chemical control to weeds in cotton field. 【Methods】 Plant control effect, fresh effect of 30 days and 40 days to annual weeds and safety to cotton after herbicides application were studied.【Results】 The results showed that there were no difference of treatments on safety to cotton, and no significant difference on seedling emergence rate between each treatment and blank control. Plant control effects of 330 g/L pendimethalin EC(742.5 g/hm2)+50% flumioxazin WP(45 g/hm2)and 330 g/L pendimethalin EC(866.25 g/hm2)+50% flumioxazin WP(60 g/hm2)to annual weeds after 30 days were 96.52% and 97.91%, 95.86% and 96.48% after 45 days, fresh weight control effects were 92.89% and 94.44% after 45 days, respectively. The mixture of pendimethalin and flumioxazin had significant effect on annual gramineous and broad-leaved weeds in cotton fields. The plant and fresh weight control effects of 330 g/L pendimethalin EC 866.25-990 g/hm2 to annual gramineous weeds were between 83.58% to 90.23%, and the effects of 50% flumioxazin WP 60-75 g/hm2 were between 84.58% to 90.98%, no significant difference between them. The plant and fresh weight control effects of 330 g/L pendimethalin EC 866.25-990 g/hm2 to annual broad-leaved weeds were between 82.62% to 88.90%, and the effects of 50% flumioxazin WP 60-75 g/hm2 were between 85.06%to 92.21%. 【Conclusion】 The plant and fresh weight control effect of flumioxazin to annual broad-leaf weeds are higher than that of pendimethalin, which can be applied selectively according to difference dominant weeds population for reasonable controling weeds in cotton field.

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Optimization of experimental conditions for the treatment of potato starch wastewater by coupling of acidophilic photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus atrophaeus ZENG Jun, WU Lei, GAO Yan, YANG Hongmei, LIN Qing, HUO Xiangdong 2023, 60(11): 2798-2805.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1363KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to optimize the experimental conditions for the treatment of potato starch wastewater by coupling of Acidophilic photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) and Bacillus atrophaeus (BA). 【Methods】 Potato starch wastewater was used as study materials and they were divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment groups were the compounding ratio, inoculation, culture methods of the two strains and the wastewater contaminants degradation (like COD and Malodorous gas) rates were used to reflect their effects. Finally, we tested the total application effect of the optimized experimental conditions for the treatment of potato starch wastewater. 【Results】 The optimized experimental conditions for the treatment of potato starch wastewater were∶ the ratio of PSB to BA =10∶1, 15% of inoculation, 30℃ of incubation, and incubated 144 h including light intensity 5,000 lx under anaerobic illumination for the first 72 h,then the next 72 h incubated under anaerobic illumination/aerobic =12 h∶12 h. The COD degradation rate under the optimized condition was increased from 16.9% in control group (without inoculation) to 98.21%, and it also showed more than 98% of degradation rate of other contaminates (like ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide) and its self-flocculating rate was 8 cm/h.【Conclusion】 The results suggested that the wastewater contaminated with high degradation rate by coupling of acidophilic photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus atrophaeus is mainly attributed to the niche differentiation of the optimal growth pH.

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Excavating of synthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces TRM SA0054 Tubercidin ZHANG Ping, LUO Xiaoxia, WAN Chuanxing, ZHANG Lili 2023, 60(11): 2806-2815.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1437KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to evaluate the metabolic potential of strain TRM SA0054 by analyzing the genomic information, thus further studying the secondary metabolite gene resources of the strain.【Methods】 The whole genome of TRM SA0054 was sequenced by Illumina Hiseq sequencing platform, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted. The metabolites were preliminarily detected and identified by modern separation and purification methods. 【Results】 The genome size of strain TRM SA0054 was 7.2 Mb, there were 6,410 protein coding genes, and GC content was 73.16%. AntiSMASH analysis predicted that there were 26 secondary metabolic gene clusters, among which Region 36.1 gene cluster was 81% similar to Tubercidin gene cluster. Fermentation products were detected by LC-MS, the fermentation of strain TRM SA0054 could produce Tubercidin.【Conclusion】 Strain TRM SA0054 has the ability to produce Tubercidin based on genome mining and LC-MS detection.

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Effect of Na2SeO3on yield and agronomic traits fruiting body of Morchella under artificial cultivation LI Mengtong, ZHANG Xiangfeng, JIAO Ziwei 2023, 60(11): 2816-2823.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (844KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the effects of adding sodium selenite on the growth of fruiting body and agronomic traits of cultivated Morchella sextelata in the hope of providing theoretical and technical support for large-scale artificial cultivation of selenium-enrich Morchella. 【Methods】 The effects on different treatment of selenium concentrations on the yield and agronomic characters of Morchella sextelata were systematically analyzed by artificial cultivation with Morchella sextelata as selenium-enrich carrier and sodium selenite as exogenous selenium.【Results】 When the selenium concentration was 0, the length of cap and the circumference of stipe were the longest. When the concentration of selenium was 10 mg/L, the perimeter and length of the cap were the longest, which could promote the growth of Morchella sextelata. When the concentration of selenium was 20 mg/L, the yield, dry weight per plant and total length of fruiting body of Morchella sextelata were the largest, which promoted the growth of Morchella sextelata. When the selenium concentration was 40 mg/L, the selenium concentration inhibited the growth of Morchella sextelata fruiting body. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation score of various indexes of Morchella sextelata fruiting body cultivated under the concentration of selenium 20 mg/L was the highest, which was the best concentration.【Conclusion】 Based onsodium selenite as exogenous selenium, 20 mg/L of selenium concentration is the best, which can be used as an ideal concentration for large-scale artificial cultivation of selenium-enrich Morchella.

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Effects of fencing and free grazing on growth patterns and endogenous hormones of Seriphidium transiliense HOU Yurong, KE Mei, LI Chao, LAN Jiyong, KANG Shuai, JIN Junpeng, WEI Peng 2023, 60(11): 2824-2832.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1243KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of fenced enclosure and free grazing on growth patterns and endogenous hormone levels of Seriphidium transiliense, and to provide theoretical reference for vegetation restoration in degraded Artemisia desert grassland ecosystems. 【Methods】 Fencing and free grazing Seriphidium transiliense were taken as the research objects, and the methods in botany, plant physiology and turf management in the plant morphology, plant endogenous hormones and "four times the amount of" approach to Seriphidium transiliense plant height, coverage, density, biomass, primary branch number and secondary branch number were applied to conduct statistics, The dry weight of leaves, stem and root of each plant were measured by drying method, and the contents of endogenous hormones (IAA, ABA, CTK, GAs and ETH) were measured by targeting method. Three transect lines were set for each treatment, and 40 quadrats were measured by each transect line. Furthermore, the growth rule and endogenous hormone changes of Seriphidium transiliense under the two treatments were summarized.【Results】 The plant height, biomass, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight and root dry weight were 2.57 times, 29.73 times, 7 times, 7.87 times, 5.21 times and 5.64 times, respectively of those fenced in Seriphidium transiliense. Fencing and free grazing had significant effects on CTK and ABA contents in leaves of Seriphidium transiliense (P < 0.05). Except GAs, there was no significant difference in the content of endogenous hormones in stem of Seriphidium transiliense between the two treatments (P< 0.01). Fencing had little effect on endogenous hormones of root system, but the content of ETH was significantly different between them (P< 0.05). 【Conclusion】 Fenced for 4 years, the morphological characteristics and growth trend of Seriphidium transiliense are in sharp contrast with the miniatures and dwarfism of free grazing, especially the IAA and CTK contents of leaves and stems are more closely related to plant height and first-order branch number.

Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization· Prataculture

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Research and test of target detection system based on 3D laser point cloud QI Yacong, CHEN Yifei, YANG Huimin, WANG Xuenong 2023, 60(11): 2833-2841.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1501KB) ( )   【Objective】 Variable spray system can reduce the waste of liquid medicine and reduce the pollution of liquid medicine to land and water. The acquisition of plant geometric parameter information is an important prerequisite for implementing variable spray. R-Fans-32 three-dimensional laser radar (LiDAR) was used to explore the relationship between plant 3D laser point cloud and plant leaf area, providing data support for variable spray machine.【Methods】 It was assumed that there was a linear relationship between the number of laser point cloud and leaf area. The target detection based on 3 d laser point cloud of the test system was set to measure the height of the target plant to explore the accuracy of laser radar, laser radar with 10 Hz scanning frequency and 1m of the detection range of 10 strains of tomato three-dimensional point cloud data acquisition of laser radar PC software Ctrlview implementation of 3 d laser point cloud data storage. Cloud Compare software was used to process the stored point cloud data, and LiDAR360 software was used to measure the height of plants and obtain the number of point Cloud. The quantity of collected plant point cloud was counted, and the leaf area of picked target plant leaves was measured by CL-202 plant leaf area meter to verify the relationship between plant point cloud and leaf area.【Results】 The experimental results showed that the maximum relative error between the height of tomato plants detected by lidar and manual measurement was 7.92%. The linear function was used to fit the number of plant point cloud and leaf area, with a fitting degree of 0.7805 and a maximum relative error of 5.64%.【Conclusion】 An experimental system was designed to explore the feasibility of variable spray system based on laser point cloud. The accuracy of plant leaf area prediction based on 3d laser point cloud was good, and 3D LIDAR R-FAN-32 could be used as the component of variable spray system for crop detection.

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Motion analysis and experimental study of automatic copying system and key components of residual film recovery machine WANG Jinwu, WANG Zhaoying, YU Wanli, JIANG Yongxin, YANG Huimin, ZHANG Jiaxi 2023, 60(11): 2842-2852.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1492KB) ( )   【Objective】 In view of 4 type JMS residual film recycling machine in the face of complex topography, especially in the face of soft terrain, uneven terrain without copying function problem, this project aims to design a set of machine-electricity-fluid combined with automatic profiling system, that is the key part for further analysis and field experiment, for the ascension of the performance of the system in the hope of providing certain reference.【Methods】 In this paper, the structure and working principle of 4JSM-2.1A residual film recovery device were briefly introduced, and the main structure and working principle of the automatic copying system were described. The upper and lower copying movement of the key components of the copying ground wheel was deeply analyzed, and after that, it was found that the copying ground wheel would bounce when working. This phenomenon could be improved by increasing the spring stiffness coefficient and reducing the speed of the machine. Taking the stiffness coefficient of spring, the speed of machine and tools and the difference of ground fluctuation height as the influencing factors, and the qualified rate of soil depth as the experimental index, the orthogonal rotation test with three factors and three levels was carried out.【Results】 The field test results showed that the order of influencing test indexes was ground height difference, spring stiffness coefficient and machine speed, respectively. Finally, through optimization, the optimal parameter combination was obtained as ground height difference of 20 mm, spring stiffness coefficient of 0.591 N/mm and machine speed of 6 km/h.【Conclusion】 Under this parameter combination, the qualified rate of penetration depth can reach 93.47%, which is better than the standard value, indicating that the automatic profiling system has a good profiling effect.

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Seed heteromorphism and germination characteristics of Salsola rosacea in the Junggar Desert YAN Ziyan, WEI Yan, AN Xinlei, LU Qian, SUN Huifang, YAN Cheng 2023, 60(11): 2853-2860.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (997KB) ( )   【Objective】 Reproductive output and germination characteristicsof Salsola rosacea in the hope of providing relevant data support for future research on seed heteromorphism and providing theoretical basis for the study on the ecological adaptation mechanism and evolution of seed heteromorphism in desert conditions.【Methods】 To study the seed polymorphism,Seeds were classified according to their shape, size, color and growth mode, and germination characteristics of different types of seeds were investigated. The plants are graded according to the dry weight of the plant, and then the reproduction distribution and seed output of plant are calculated.【Results】 Three types of seeds were produced in S.rosacea. Type A was green and winged with high germination rate, and type B and C were yellow short-winged/wingless and could be dormant. The proportion of reproductive allocation of type A and B increased with increasing of plant class, which showed dependence on plant size, while type C showed no dependence. The output proportion of type A decreased with increasing of plant rank, while that of type B seeds increased with the increase of equal size which was dependent on the size of plant. No significant change was found in the output of type C seeds.【Conclusion】 Three kinds of seeds with different dispersal patterns and germination behaviors can be produced in S.rosacea, and their reproduction allocation and seed output depend on plant size.