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20 February 2024, Volume 61 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics

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Effects of chemical topping on plant architecture and yield of cotton with different fruit branch numbers and its screening of evaluation indicators MA Hui, LUO Dan, LI Xingxing, TIAN Liwen, DAI Lu, OU Huan, AImaierjiang Abulitifu, Aziguli Abulizi, Abuduaini Abuduweili 2024, 61(2): 261-270.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1621KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study effects of spraying chemical topping agent on plant architecture and yield of cotton and evaluation index screening with different number of fruit branches, then determine the best application period of cotton chemical topping, optimize the evaluation indexes of chemical topping in the hope of providing support for the application of chemical topping. 【Methods】 A completely random experimental design was adopted, manual topping was taken as the control, four chemical topping treatments when the number of fruit branches was 9, 10, 11 and 12 were established by selecting chemical topping agent Yaoqiansu and Xianglingzhuan, the plant height and plant height increased amount, length of the inverse first fruit branch to the inverse fourth fruit branch,effective branch rate, fruit nodes number per plant, stem diameter, main stem internodes number plant architecture related indexes, spatial distribution of bolls and seed cotton yield were measured.【Results】 Compared with manual topping, the plant height of cotton was significantly heighten on the condition of spraying chemical topping agent when the number of fruit branches per plant were 9, the fruit nodes number per plant increased in case of spraying Xianglingzhuan while the number of fruit branches per plant were 10 and on the condition of spraying Yaoqiansu when the number of fruit branches per plant were 11 and 12,main stem internodes number per plant increased and the length of the inverse first fruit branch to the inverse fourth fruit branch became even shorter after chemical topping, the effective branch rate in case of spraying Xianglingzhuan while the number of fruit branches per plant were 10, stem diameter after chemical topping, and the spatial distribution of bolls were not much different except the proportion of upper bolls on the condition of spraying Yaoqiansu when the number of fruit branches per plant were 9. There was no significant difference in the yield of seed cotton in case of spraying Xianglingzhuan while the number of fruit branches per plant was 10, on the condition of spraying Yaoqiansu, when the number of fruit branches per plant was 11 and 12, compared with manual topping. Effective branch count per plant (hereinafter referred to as effective branch count) rate could be used as an evaluation index of chemical topping on cotton plant architecture regulation.【Conclusion】 When the number of fruit branches per plant is 10 and 11, the effective branch rate and the number of fruit nodes per plant are the highest, the plant height growth is not large, and the seed cotton yield dose not reduce, the effective branch rate can be taken as the preferred evaluation index for the regulation of chemical topping on cotton plant architecture.

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Effects of differential pressure and pumping fertilization devices on cotton yield and nitrogen utilization YANG Maoqi, HOU Zhenan, MIN Wei 2024, 61(2): 271-278.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1257KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of two fertilization devices, differential pressure fertilization and pumping fertilization, on nitrogen absorption, cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency in drip irrigation cotton fields so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of water and fertilizer integration technology in drip irrigation cotton fields in arid areas of Xinjiang.【Methods】 The three treatments were set up in the experiment:no nitrogen application(N0), differential pressure fertilization device(N300-differential pressure type)and pump-suction fertilization device(N300-pump-suction type), in which the nitrogen fertilizer was ammonium sulfate, and the dosage was 300 kg/hm2.【Results】 Compared with N0 treatment, N300-differential pressure treatment and N300-pumping treatment significantly increased cotton total biomass, nitrogen absorption and seed cotton yield.Compared with N300-differential pressure treatment, N300-pumping treatment had a more uniform distribution of ammonium nitrogen in emitter fertilizer solution, and the cotton biomass, nitrogen absorption, seed cotton yield and nitrogen utilization rate increased by 15.94%, 31.50%, 7.32% and 52.98%, respectively.【Conclusion】 Under the same fertilization amount, the variation range of ammonium nitrogen concentration in emitter fertilizer solution of pump-suction fertilization device with time is smaller than that of differential pressure fertilization device.Therefore, the uniformity of fertilization of pump-suction fertilization device is better than that of differential pressure fertilization device, and the pump-suction fertilization device promotes cotton growth and significantly improves nitrogen absorption, thus increasing seed cotton yield and nitrogen utilization rate.

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Influence of different promoters compounded with DPC on the spatial and temporal distribution of cotton boll and yield WU Gang, TIAN Yangqing, ZHAO Qiang, LI Xinxin, Munire Abudulaini, ZHANG Jiahao, WANG Wenqing, ZHAN Dongxia, MA Chunmei 2024, 61(2): 279-287.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1162KB) ( )   【Objective】 This experiment conducted aims to investigate the effect of chemical topping on cotton boll formation and photosynthetic characteristics by using indirubicin compounded with different accelerators in the hope of providing some scientific and theoretical basis for the research application of indirubicin compounded with accelerators on cotton boll regulation and photosynthetic characteristics.【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in Shaya County, Aksu Region, Xinjiang, China, from April to October 2022.The cotton variety under test was Xinluzhong 84, and the test chemicals were mainly indurated with thiram and auxin, compounded with thiram(0.1%, T1), sodium compounded phenol(98% of the original drug, T2), aminoxate(8% of the preparation, T3), 14-hydroxy brassin(0.01%, T4)and naphthalene acetic acid(98% of the original drug, T5), with conventional micronutrient capping as the control(CK), a total of six treatments were used to investigate the effects of micronutrient complex promoters on the spatial and temporal distribution and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton boll.【Results】 The maximum accumulation rate of dry matter was reached at about 20~30 d after the treatment, and the net photosynthetic rate reached its maximum at about 20 d after the treatment, so it could be inferred that cotton entered the critical period of reproductive growth at about 20~30 d after the treatment, and all the compound treatments could improve the sitting rate, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation rate of the upper middle and lower inner peripheral boll.【Conclusion】 The rapid accumulation period of T5 treatment was prolonged by about 5 d compared with CK, and the sitting rate of inner and lower outer boll of cotton plant was significantly different from that of CK.The sitting rate of inner and lower outer boll increased by 15.00% and 20.00% respectively, and that of middle inner and outer boll increased by 24.00% and 25.00% respectively, and the number of cotyledons increased by 1.13, and the number of boll set per plant increased significantly by 0.84.Therefore, it is recommended to use T5 combination type chemical topping agent for cotton chemical topping.

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Response characteristics of source and sink organs of drip irrigation cotton to chemical topping MAO Tingyong, LIU Chan, YANG Beifang, LI Yabing, ZHOU Yun, WANG Dong, CHEN Guodong, WAN Sumei 2024, 61(2): 288-299.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2004KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of chemical topping on photosynthetic characteristics and the change rule of cotton boll material accumulation in different parts, provide a basis for high quality and high yield of cotton.【Methods】 Taking Xinluzhong 70 and Xinluzhong 82 as materials, two chemical topping agents were set up in the experiment, and manual topping was used as control.【Results】 The results showed that after 10 days of spraying, the net photosynthetic rate of the main stem functional leaves of the chemical topping treatment was higher than that of the artificial topping treatment, and the SPAD value of the middle and upper parts of the chemical topping treatment was higher than that of the artificial topping treatment, while the lower part of Xinluzhong 82 showed that the chemical topping was lower than the artificial topping.The accumulation of Xinluzhong 70 was greater than that of Xinluzhong 82, but the accumulation rate was less than that of Xinluzhong 82.The dry matter accumulation of the whole boll of the chemical topping treatment showed that the first two flowering periods promoted the dry matter accumulation of the late cotton boll, and the two varieties were developed after 35 and 28 d, respectively, while the flowering period on July 21 promoted the dry matter accumulation of the early cotton boll, which was developed within 28 and 21 d, respectively.The growth eigenvalue time of the first two flowering periods of the chemical topping treatment was delayed or increased compared with the manual topping treatment, while the flowering period on July 21 showed that the chemical topping treatment moved forward and increased compared with the manual topping treatment, and the maximum growth rate showed that the chemical topping treatment was greater than the manual topping treatment.【Conclusion】 Chemical topping can improve the photosynthesis of the functional leaves of the main stem of cotton, accelerate the accumulation rate of cotton boll matter, facilitate the concentrated opening of cotton bolls.

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Design and experiment of intelligent irrigation system for cotton field based on P-M model HUI Ruihan, LIN Li, CAO Wei, ZHANG Mengke, LIN Hao, YAO Shuai 2024, 61(2): 300-309.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1751KB) ( )   【Objective】 Design and experiment of intelligent irrigation system for cotton field based on P-M model.【Methods】 Based on P-M model, a set of intelligent irrigation system for cotton field was designed, which consisted of four parts:data acquisition node, wireless communication node, cloud platform decision terminal, and irrigation application node.The data collected by the meteorological equipment of the data acquisition node was wirelessly transmitted to the cloud platform decision terminal.Then the terminal calculated the single irrigation amount based on the P-M model, automatically sent irrigation instructions at the specified irrigation time, and the irrigation application node received the instructions to open the valve for precise irrigation.The soil moisture change was monitored and wirelessly transmitted to the cloud platform by the moisture equipment of the data acquisition node in real time; The local traditional irrigation mode was taken as the control(CK), the irrigation system was set with 120%(W1), 100%(W2)and 80%(W3)irrigation modes, and the actual test of three treatments was carried out in the field to verify the system effect.【Results】 The irrigation work of the three experimental groups was fully intelligent under the condition of no human intervention, and the system effectively and accurately executed the irrigation instructions; W2 mode could be selected when the irrigation water was sufficient.When the total water consumption was 16.85% higher than that of the traditional mode, the soil salt content decreases by 13.65%, the seed cotton yield increases by 20.84%, and the water use efficiency increases by 3.41%.It significantly increased the yield and effectively improved the soil environment; Compared with traditional irrigation, the total water consumption of W3 was reduced by 6.52%, the soil salt content was increased by 0.16%, the salinization rate slowed, the yield of seed cotton increased by 11.18%, and the water use efficiency greatly improved, which achieved the effects of both improving yield and saving water.【Conclusion】 The effectiveness and feasibility of the intelligent irrigation system has been verified in practice, which increases the range of optional parameters of the irrigation system.

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Influence of different nitrogen application levels on the grain filling rate and yields of spring wheat GAO Xin, WANG Yelin, ZHU Taiwu, LI Jianfeng, WANG Zhong, SHI Jia, WANG Chunsheng, ZHANG Hongzhi, WANG Lihong, FAN Zheru, ZHANG Yueqiang 2024, 61(2): 310-317.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1031KB) ( )   【Objective】 The present study aims to clarify the regulatory effect of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat grain filling process and exploit the potentialities in enhancing the yields of spring wheat under drip irrigation,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the determination of suitable nitrogen application of different quality cultivars.【Methods】 In this study, 11 conventional varieties approved by Xinjiang and one strain under cultivation were used as test materials, and four kinds of nitrogen level treatment were set to study the effect of nitrogen application on grain filling characteristics and yield of different spring wheat varieties (lines).【Results】 The results showed that the trend of grain filling rate of spring wheat under different nitrogen application levels showed an "S" shape.When the accumulated dry matter weight of grain reached grain thousand seed weight, accumulated dry matter weight of productive grain was decreased with the increasing level of nitrogen application.However, the decreasing rate was slower.The results demonstrated that Xinchun 6, Xinchun 37 and Hechun 137 were strong grouting varieties, while Xinchun 11, Xinchun 21 and Xinchun 29 were weak grouting varieties.Under the low nitrogen level of 100 kg/hm2, the yield of Xinchun 17 and Hechun 615 reached the highest level.Under the medium nitrogen level of 200 kg/hm2, the yield of 8 wheat varieties, namely, Xinchun 6, Xinchun 11, Xinchun 26, Xinchun 29, Xinchun 37, Xinchun 39, Hechun 121 and Hechun 514, reached the highest level.Under the high nitrogen level of 300 kg/hm2, the yield of Hechun 137 and Xinchun 21 reached the highest level.【Conclusion】 Under 4 different nitrogen application levels, the maximum grain filling rate was positively correlated with the average grain filling rate, and average grain filling rate was negatively correlated with total days of grain filling rate.Grain yields in per hectare was positively correlated with thousand seed weight, maximum grain filling rate, average grain filling rate, days to reach the maximum grain filling rate, and total days of grain filling rate.

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Comprehensive evaluation of dehydration of maize hybrid combinations based on principal component analysis YANG Minghua, LIAO Biyong, LIU Qiang, FENG Guorui, Dawulai Jiekeshan, Buayixiamu Namanti, LIU Qi, Aierjuma Tuluhan, PENG Yuncheng 2024, 61(2): 318-325.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (760KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the yield traits of 36 maize hybrid combinations and do a comprehensive evaluation of the rate of grain dehydration at harvest in the hope of selecting the varieties with fast grain dehydration,for the breeding of sports materials of high generation group.【Methods】 Using 4 maize inbred lines as test species and 9 maize high generation lines as pending test lines, NCII incomplete double-diallel hybrid group was adopted to comprehensively evaluate the correlation, principal component, membership function and cluster analysis of grain dehydration rate and yield characters.【Results】 The results showed that the order of variation coefficients of various characters in the hybrid combination was as follows:growth period < plant height < ear diameter<number of rows per ear < shaft diameter <hundred-grain weight < number of grains per row < ear length < ear height < corncob water content < single grain weight < grain dehydration rate < grain water content at harvest < bract water content < grain dehydration water content < bald tip length; and the bald tip length was 64.63% and grain dehydration water content was 27.31%,the growth period was only 1.39%.The grain water content at harvest was positively correlated with plant height, ear diameter, grain number per row and growth period.The grain dehydration rate after maturity is significantly negatively correlated with plant height, ear diameter, grain number per row and growth period was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the corncob water content at maturity.The characteristic vector-value and contribution rate of the first eight principal components reached 86.39%.【Conclusion】 According to the contribution rate of each comprehensive index, based on the comprehensive index of cluster analysis, 7 hybrid combinations with fast dehydration have been selected, which is conducive to mechanical harvest.These excellent combinations have utilization value in breeding.

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Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer topdressing methods on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of sweet sorghum Zaituniguli Kuerban, Tuerxun Tuerhong, Yisilayi Dawuti, WANG Hui, ZHOU Dawei 2024, 61(2): 326-335.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2126KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to clarify the variation of photosynthetic characteristics of sweet sorghum at different growth stages.【Methods】 The optimal topdressing method of nitrogen fertilizer under different topdressing treatments of nitrogen fertilizer, four different topdressing treatments, such as control without fertilization(CK), B1(2 times furrow top dressing), B2(2 times dropwise top dressing), B3(4 times dropwise top dressing), were set and the effects of treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics, water use efficiency(WUE)and biomass yield of six sweet sorghum cultivars at different growth stages were studied.【Results】 The experimental results showed that the changing law of Pn, Tr, Ci and WUE in sweet sorghum leaves under different topdressing treatments at different growth stages varied between varieties and treatments.The photosynthetic characteristics of the same variety at the same growth stage under different treatments were different, and the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were affected by topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer.The change range of Pn was at 5.50-28.52 μmol CO2/(m2·s), which was the highest value of Dalishi in B3 treatment, which was significantly higher than CK by 39.91%.The difference between the Tr value of all varieties in B2 and CK was not significant.At jointing and milk ripening stage, there was no significant difference in the Gs values of all cultivars between treatments and CK.The variation range of WUE was at 3.05-16.86 μmol/mmol.Compared with CK, only the WUE value of Jintianzai No.3 in B2 treatment was significantly increased(71.28%)while those of other treatments were not significantly different from CK at the jointing stage.At the flowering stage, the WUE values of all varieties in B1 were not significantly different from that in CK.The biomass yield ranged from 47.51 t/hm2 to 85.85 t/hm2, and the yield increase of treatments was 7.66%-53.67%, compared with CK.The yield of Dalishi was higher than that of other varieties in all treatments, and the order of the highest biomass yields in B1, B2 and B3 was the same, and that was Dalishi > Jintianzai 3 > Liaotian 3.【Conclusion】 Dalishi, Jintianzai 3 and Liaotianzai 3 had good adaptability in this region, and B2 treatment can improve the photosynthetic conditions and maximize the yield and water use efficiency. This treatment was the best nitrogen topdressing mode to promote the growth and development of sorghum in arid areas.

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Effect of exogenous spermidine on physiological characteristics of potato seedlings under NaCl stress LIU Yi, LI Jiangtao, JIANG Yinghong, YANG Ruwei, SUN Hui, WU Yan 2024, 61(2): 336-344.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1386KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of exogenous spermidine on the physiological characteristics of potato seedlings under NaCl stress, so as to provide technical reference for potato planting in salinized areas of Xinjiang.【Methods】 The virus-free seedling of Jindu 16 potato was used as the experimental material, and the effects of exogenous Spd on plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic regulator content of potato leaves were studied by simulating salt stress treatment with different concentrations of NaCl.【Results】 Salt stress inhibited the growth of potato plants.The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)were promoted by low salt stress and inhibited by high salt stress.The contents of non-enzymatic antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbic acid(ASA)and glutathione(DSH)were decreased.The contents of proline, soluble sugar and amino acid increased.Exogenous Spd maintained the normal physiological and metabolic function of plants by increasing the content of chlorophyll, root activity, regulating the content of osmotic regulatory substances, and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.【Conclusion】 Exogenous Spd can improve the salt tolerance of potato and alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on potato plants, and 0.9 mmol/L Spd(S3)concentration has the most obvious alleviating effect.

Horticultural Special Local Products· Soil Fertilizer·Plant Protection

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Effects of temperature on color and drying characteristics of green raisins MA Yunlong, XIE Hui, ZHANG Wen, ZHU Xuehui, WANG Yanmeng, MAI Sile, ZHANG Jiaxi 2024, 61(2): 345-354.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1237KB) ( )   【Objective】 The effects of hot air drying on the color and luster indexes and moisture diffusion coefficient of raisins under different temperature conditions were studied, which provided theoretical and technical support for the industrial production and processing of green raisins.【Methods】 Different temperatures(30, 32.5, 35, 37.5 and 40℃)were used to dry seedless white grapes, and the effects of temperature on grape color change, moisture diffusion coefficient and raisin quality were analyzed, and the drying kinetic model was fitted.【Results】 When the drying temperature was 35°C, the ratio of green raisins reached 64%, the difference between color and raw materials was the smallest, the color difference ΔE was only 6.99, and the color indexes of C, h0, L, a, b and so on were 18.23, 1.4, 14.57, 2.99 and 17.95, respectively.Chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total phenols were 0.56, 0.19, 0.36, 0.32 and 0.18 mg/g, respectively.35℃ is more suitable for green raisin processing.The most consistent model for grape drying, with the largest coefficient of determination R2, the sum of squared errors and the mean of SSE and root mean square error Rmse the smallest, respectively, 0.998,1, 0.005,4, and 0.007,7.The most suitable effective water diffusion coefficient of green raisins is 5.334,8×10-9.【Conclusion】 The effective water diffusion coefficients of 30, 32.5, 37.5 and 40℃ were 114.13%, 110.58%, 95.17% and 76.58%, respectively, and the Logarithmic model could effectively illustrate the variation of grape fruit moisture under the hot air drying process.

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Canonical correlation analysis of soil nutrients and the quality of Beibinghong grape juice WANG Jijiao, PAN Yue, WANG Shiwei, HAN Zhengwei, MA Yong, HU Haifang, WANG Baoqing 2024, 61(2): 355-364.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1169KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the relationship between soil nutrients and fruit quality of Vitis amurensis Rupr.Beibinghong vineyard in the hope of providing reference for selecting suitable cultivation areas for the grage Beibinghong.【Methods】 Eight sample sites representing four different habitats of Vitis amurensis Rupr.orchard in Xinjiang were selected to determine fruit quality and soil nutrient factors, and the relationships between them were analyzed using typical correlation and redundancy analyses.【Results】 The overall coefficients of variation for each indicator of soil nutrients and fruit quality in the eight sample plots ranged from 6.147% to 40.476% and 3.674% to 11.895%, respectively, with the smallest coefficients of variation for pH and total sugar.The relationship between soil available P, available K, cation exchange capacity and fruit total soluble, tannin, totan sugar, total phenols, panicle weight, single fruit weight, individual yield were positively correlated;the relationship between soil alkali-hydrolyzable、cation exchange capacity and fruit anthocyanin,Single fruit weight, individual yield were positively correlated;the relationship between soil organic matter and fruittotal phenols was negatively correlated; Fruit total acids was significantly and positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, and negatively correlated with available K.4 pairs of typical variables explained 75.500% and 94.900% of the information within the soil nutrient and fruit quality groups and 72.100% and 92.100% of the information between the groups; Combined with the coordinate map of typical variables, the ecological area distribution of Yanqi Basin and the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains were relatively concentrated.【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in the content of soil nutrients between the different 'Beibinghong' fruit orchards, while the differences between the indicators of fruit quality were small, and the differences between soil pH and total fruit candies were not significant; the effect of soil nutrients on fruit quality was significant and correlated with it. The soil environment in Yanqi County、Wensu County and in Urumqi in the wine grape producing areas of Xinjiang is more favourable to the accumulation of nutrients in Beibinghong, which has a significant effect on improving the quality of the 'Beibinghong' fruit.

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Observation on phenological period and fruit setting characteristics of bud transmutation material of Korla fragrant pear CUI Yutong, ZHANG Cuifang, WANG Shiwei 2024, 61(2): 365-372.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1217KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to understand the phenological period and fruit setting characteristics of bud changing materials of Korla fragrant pear in the hope of providing reference for improving the quality of fragrant pear.【Methods】 Taking Korla fragrant pear and Korla fragrant pear bud modification materials as the research objects, the bud modification materials without artificial pollination group, common fragrant pear artificial pollination group and common fragrant pear without artificial pollination group were set, and the three groups were not sprayed with agents to promote sepal shedding.The phenological period, fruit setting rate and calyx decalication rate of the three groups were studied.【Results】 The results showed that the phenological period of Korla pear bud modification material was highly coincident with that of common Korla pear, and the difference was no more than 2 d.The rate of fruit setting and calyx decalyx in the group without artificial pollination was higher than that in the normal group with artificial pollination, and the rate of fruit setting and calyx decalyx in the group was higher than that in the normal group without artificial pollination.【Conclusion】 The phenological period of the bud changing material was basically the same as that of Korla fragrant pear.The excellent characters of the bud changing material could be directly grafted without changing the management mode of the existing fragrant pear growing area.The fruit setting rate and calyx decalyx rate of bud modified material were significantly higher than those of common Korla pears, which can effectively reduce the use of chemical agents, cut down the cost and improve the fruit quality during cultivation.

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Mutagenesis effect of 60Co-γ radiation on the annual branches of different fig varieties Bahayiding Wupuer, Abulaike Niyazi, Huxidan Maimaiti, LYU Xiaolong, WANG Haomiao, MA Huiqin 2024, 61(2): 373-381.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1333KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the influence of 60Co-γ radiation on the mortality rate, antioxidant enzyme activity and other related physical and chemical indexes of annual cuttings of different fig varieties, and determine the best mutagenic dosage.This study has provided a scientific theoretical basis for the future use of 60Co-γ radiation mutagenesis to improve the genetic diversity of fig, create new germplasm and cultivate new excellent varieties.【Methods】 The annual dormant branches of Brunswick and Zhonghuaziguo were used as test materials, and 60Co-γ radiation as the irradiation source, different dosages(0, 30, 45, 60, 75 Gy)for radiation treatment were set to observe the changes in the death rate and enzyme activity of branches and leaves caused by irradiation.【Results】 With the increase of radiation dosage, the survival rate of cutting seedlings of the two varieties showed a downward trend, and the indexes of plant height, stem diameter, internode length, leaf length, leaf width and branch number showed a downward trend, while the difference of leaf length-width ratio was not significant. The activities of SOD, POD, CAT and other enzymes of Zhonghuaziguo varieties showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, reaching the peak at the dosage of 45 and 60 Gy, respectively, MDA content showed a trend of increasing all the time, and H2O2 content showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The activities of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes of Brunswick varieties decreased first and then increased with the increase of radiation dose. The content of MDA and H2O2 basically kept rising. 【Conclusion】 Radiation leads to slow growth of fig cutting seedlings, dwarf plant height, coarse and thin stem and leaves, smaller leaves and fewer branches. It is preliminarily determined that the appropriate half lethal dose of Zhonghuaziguo is 56 Gy, and that of Brunswick is 70 Gy. The radiation tolerance of Brunswick is higher than that of Zhonghuaziguo.

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Evaluation of the economic traits of nuts of 33 Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellane Varieties(Lines) SONG Fenghui, WANG Lingzhe, LU Mingyan, SONG Zijun, LUO Da, SHI Yanjiang 2024, 61(2): 382-392.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1203KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the economic traits of different varieties(lines)of hazelnut, hoping to provide a reference basis for the evaluation of hazelnut resources and the excavation of germplasm resources, and also a scientific basis for the selection and breeding of excellent hazelnut varieties.【Methods】 Thirty-three different varieties(lines)of hazelnuts were studied in fruit, and their fruit economic traits were analyzed by principal component analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and ranking to select varieties(lines)with good overall performance and potential for selection.【Results】 The nut mass of the test hazelnuts ranged from 1.36 to 3.26 g, the mean values of the three nut diameters ranged from 13.81 to 20.49 mm, the nut mass ranged from 0.30 to 1.26 g, the shell thickness ranged from 1.16 to 2.31 mm, the cavity coefficient ranged from 0.53 to 0.96, and the kernel yield ranged from 14.54% to 51.66%.The kernel yield ranged from 14.54% to 51.66%.Significant differences were found between nut, kernel and kernel yield traits, with coefficients of variation ranging from 6.15% to 55.30%.13 traits were highly correlated with each other, of which 16 pairs were highly significantly positively correlated, 12 pairs were highly significantly negatively correlated and 7 pairs were significantly negatively correlated.The hazelnuts were classified into five groups.【Conclusion】 The cavity coefficient, shell-kernel gap, kernel neatness, kernel yield and the mean value of the three kernel diameters are the main indicators affecting the economic traits of Pin-European hazelnut hybrids, which can be used as reference standards for the evaluation of the economic traits of different varieties(lines)of Pin-European hazelnut hybrids and the selection of good varieties.The varieties(lines)85-57, B-3, 84-310, 85-41, 85-83, 82-15, B-11 and 85-127 were screened for their superior overall nut economic traits.

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Effects of salt stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of american black walnut seedlings OU Yuan, LUO Shasha, WANG Ruyue, SUN Yali, HU Haifang 2024, 61(2): 393-401.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1386KB) ( )   【Objective】 Study the growth and physiological changes of American black walnut under salt stress and a comprehensive analysis of the salt tolerance of different seedlings, with a view to providing a reference for the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant varieties of black walnut, salt resistance mechanisms and the screening of salt-tolerant rootstocks in Xinjiang walnut growing areas.【Methods】 The growth and physiological responses of seedlings of small-fruited black walnut(Juglans regia.microcarpa), northern California black walnut(Juglans regia.hindsii), eastern black walnut(Juglans regia.nigra)and quebracho black walnut(Juglans regia.major)were analyzed by correlation analysis and subordinate function analysisgrowth and physiological responses of above-ground dry weight, below-ground dry weight, main root length, lateral root number and MDA content of the four black walnut seedlings were analyzed.【Results】 After 40 d of salt stress, above-ground dry weight, below-ground dry weight, main root length and number of lateral roots all decreased to different degrees, with different magnitudes of change for different materials; with increasing salt concentration, malondialdehyde content increased, and SOD activity, POD activity, proline content and soluble sugar content generally showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.【Conclusion】 A comprehensive analysis of the affiliation function values yielded four species of black walnuts in descending order of salt tolerance:eastern black walnut > small-fruited black walnut > quebracho black walnut > northern California black walnut.

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Application analysis of water and fertilizer coupling of different drip irrigation techniques on facility cucumber PU Ming, SONG Xuedong, ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Mingmin, ZHANG Daiyu, XUE Lian, YUAN Ning, WANG Haipeng, GAO Tiegong 2024, 61(2): 402-412.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1619KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of different drip irrigation methods on the growth and yield of cucumber under the condition of yellow loam in Lanzhou.【Methods】 The effects of drip irrigation under mulch, under drip irrigation, under mulch with inner patch, under ridge film furrow irrigation and by water and fertilizer coupling treatment on physiological traits, yield and quality of cucumber were investigated.The orthogonal test of three factors and three levels was used, and the optimal combination scheme of three factors was obtained by variance analysis and regression.【Results】 The three factors had little effect on the physical and chemical properties of the plant, but significant effects on the physical and chemical properties, yield, quality and WUE of the fruit.The order of influence was drip irrigation mode > irrigation amount > fertilization amount.The optimal combination of three factors was determined as follows:drip arrow drip irrigation under film, irrigation amount of 66.13 m3/hm2, fertilization amount of 25.2 kg/hm2, and the highest yield of cucumber in solar greenhouse was 256,942.52 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】 Both drip arrow drip irrigation and inlaid patch drip irrigation saved water and fertilizer and cost as well without affecting the yield and quality of cucumber.Among them, drip-arrow drip irrigation under film had the best effect and was worthy of promotion.

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Parasitism rule of Orobanche Aegyptaica on 3 host crops and resistance evaluation of main cultivars HE Wei, LUO Wenfang, ZHOU Junhui, GAN Zhongxiang, CHEN Xiaogang, YE Xiantao, XU Jianjun 2024, 61(2): 413-420.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (926KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to clarify the parasitic rule of O.aegyptaica on processing tomato, zucchini and smacking watermelon and resistance of main cultivars in the hope of providing scientific basis for the control of them in Xinjiang.【Methods】 Pot and field random survey were used to carry out the study.【Results】 The results of pot experiment showed that the parasitism relationship could be established between 34 to 37 days after sowing the seeds of processed tomatoes, zucchini and watermelon.O.aegyptaica was unearthed after 5 days for the establishment of the parasitism relationship, while zucchini and processed tomatoes respectively were unearthed after 18 and 21 days.Field survey results from June 21 to 22 showed that the incidence rate of O.aegyptaica in the processed tomato field was 42.86%, that in the watermelon field was 7.14%, and no O.aegyptaica in the zucchini field.The incidence of O.aegyptaica in processed tomato fields was 45.45%, that in watermelon fields was 27.27% and that in zucchini fields was 25% from June 28 to 29.The incidence of O.aegyptaica in processed tomato field was 80%, that in watermelon field was 71.43% and that in zucchini field was 86.96% from July 5 to 14.The results of varieties resistance test showed that BVS 32 had the least parasitical content, and the fresh weight and dry weight of O.aegyptaica respectively were 20.97 and 4.26 g/pot., O.aegyptaica parasite amount of Jinfeng No.8 was the least in the whole growth period of zucchini, and the fresh weight and dry weight of O.aegyptaica were 25.65 and 5.92 g/pot, respectively.O.aegyptaica parasite amount of the black medium slice in watermelon varieties were the least, and the fresh and dry weights of O.aegyptaica were 5.38 and 0.78 g/pot, respectively.【Conclusion】 The suitable control time for processed tomato, zucchini and watermelon is 20 d after sowing.The best control time respectively was from late May to mid-June, early mid-June to mid-late June in processed tomato, zucchini and watermelon fields in northern Xinjiang.Among the main cultivars of processed tomato, zucchini and watermelon planted in Xinjiang, there were no varieties was immune to O.aegyptaica, while processed tomato variety BVS32, zucchini variety Jinfeng No.8 and watermelon variety Heizhongpian have the least amount of parasite, which could be planted as O.aegyptaica resistant varieties in Xinjiang.

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Effects of different feeding time of Monolepta Signata on the composition and content of volatile in maize leaves MENG Hanying, GUO Dandan, HE Wanjie, ZHANG Weiwei, ZHANG Jianping, CHEN Jing 2024, 61(2): 421-433.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1343KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the composition and content of maize leaf volatile before and after the damage caused by Monolepta signata in the hope of providing a scientific basis for further exploring the defense mechanism of maize leaf volatile against M.signata.【Methods】 In this study, the volatile compounds of maize leaves and M.signata were detected and analyzed by GC-MS at different feeding induction time(6, 24, 36 and 48 h).【Results】 The results showed that 29, 30, 33, 36 and 26 volatile substances, mainly including aldehydes, terpenoids, alcohols and ketones, were detected after 0, 6, 24, 36 and 48 h of feeding induction by the M.signata respectively.Twenty volatiles, including 1-stigmasterene, cis-11-hexadecanal, α-stigmasterene and hexanal, disappeared with the insect after feeding on the damage; 42 compounds, such as 2-hexenal,(E)-2-hexenal, α-pinene and β-laurene, were newly collected.The results of principal component analysis showed that α-pinene, 2-hexenal and β-pinene were the main compounds released under 6h and 24h of infestation; hexadecanal, tetradecanal, n-pentadecanal, β-pirolone and(E)-3-hexen-1-ol were the main compounds released at 36 h of infestation; β-red myrcene alcohol, nerolidol,(1R)-α-pinene, β-rolene, β-sandalene β-cineole, and humulene were the main compounds released at 48 h of insect infestation.【Conclusion】 The composition and content of volatile compounds in maize leaves at different feeding times have a significant impact on the M. signata. Under 6 and 24 hours of pest infestation, it mainly releases olefins, while at 36 hours of pest infestation, it mainly releases aldehydes and ketones. After 48 hours of pest infestation, it mainly releases alcohols and olefins.

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Biological characteristics of apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.)larvae and its harmful habits on walnut fruit YE Xiaoqin, CAO Xiaoyan, Adili Shataer 2024, 61(2): 434-440.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1124KB) ( )   【Objective】 The codling moth(Cydia Pomonella L.)is an important quarantine pest in China.In 2018, it was found to harm walnut fruits in Hotan area of Xinjiang, which was the first report in China.This project aims to clarify the harmful habit of the larval host of Cydia pomonella transferred to walnut.【Methods】 The fruit eating habits of larvae were observed in Hotan County for two consecutive years.【Results】 The results showed that the translucent color of the eggs gradually deepened after the initial production.After the eggs were fully developed, the larvae chewed through the egg shell and crawled out without feeding on the egg shell.On the blade hatched larvae, the young period(1-3 instar)transferred to the fruit after feeding blade, larvae damage of walnut fruit, the epicarp irregular way to nucleoli moth corrupteth into the cavity, 1 generation larvae in 4 age began to turn, the second generation in the late age of 3 began to turn fruit, after continuous outer peel and repeatedly turn fruit, after the completion of the larval development to take off the fruit, The larvae migrated from top to bottom and formed cocoons and pupated within 60-120 cm of the trunk, and diapause was observed.【Conclusion】 In conclusion, there were six instars of codling moth.Larvae of different generations and instars had different damage habits, and their damage habits were affected by egg position, larval instar and fruit development.

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Effects of different prey species and density on intraguild predation of Coccinella septempunctata WEN Xia, GUO Facheng, GAO Guizhen 2024, 61(2): 441-447.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (848KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study aims to clarify the intraguild predation of Coccinella septempunctata on Harmonia axyridis with different extraguild prey species and densities, expecting to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive application of the two types of predatory ladybugs to control C.juglandicola and P.juglandis.【Methods】 In the climatic chamber with a constant temperature of (25±1)℃, (60±10)% RH, and photoperiod of 14∶10(L∶D)h, the number of daily average predation of 1st instar larvae of C.septempunctata on eggs of H.axyridis and walnut aphids were evaluated.【Results】 The results showed that the number of daily average predation of C.septempunctata on eggs of H.axyridis decreased significantly while on C.juglandicola and P.juglandis increased significantly with the increasing density of C.juglandicola and P.juglandis.With the extraguild prey P.juglandis, the intraguild predation of 1st instar larvae of C.septempunctata on eggs of H.axyridis decreased faster compared with the extraguild prey of C.juglandicola as the increase of prey density.【Conclusion】 With the increase of extraguild prey density, the intragruild predation of C.septempunctata on H.axyridis can be effectively reduced, and the effects of different prey species were different.

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Effects of different microbial agents on the disease prevention effect and yield of beetroot rot WANG Heya, LUO Jingjing, WANG Kang, WANG Ruinan, WANG Xu, GAO Guangrui, FANG Yan 2024, 61(2): 448-454.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (753KB) ( )   【Objective】 explore the control effect of microbial agents on beetroot rot and its impact on yield.【Methods】 Six microbial agents were selected, namely Trichoderma(M), Bacillus subtilis(B), Trichoderma plus Bacillus subtilis(C), Pseudomonas fluorescentis(P), Purpuria purpuris(D), and Bacillus polymyxoplasmos(PP), to carry out experimental research on the field prevention and control of beetroot rot.【Results】 The results showed that the incidence and disease index of beetroot rot were significantly reduced compared with the control(CK)(P<0.05), the incidence rate was reduced by 18.18%-50.00%, the disease index was reduced by 2.27-5.87, the prevention effect of each treatment reached 19.12%-49.45%, and the prevention effect was C>D>B>P>M>PP. The application of microbial agents could improve the physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of beets, among which M, B, C, D treatment couldincrease the content of soil organic matter, and 6 microbial agents could significantly increase the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. The application of microbial agents could increase the accumulation of aboveground, underground and total dry matter of beet, the yield and sugar content of beetroot were higher than those of the control, the sugar production rate increases by 7.43% to 38.05%, and the sugar production of D, C and M was the most significant(P<0.05), with an increase of 38.05%, 28.49% and 19.78%.【Conclusion】 The results of soil nutrient and beet yield determination shows that the application of fungal agents can activate soil nutrients, and the control effect of Trichoderma + Bacillus subtilis is better, which is better than that of Trichoderma and Bacillus, which increases the content of organic matter and quick-acting nutrients in the rhizosphere soil, and at the same time increases the accumulation of aboveground, underground and total dry matter of beets, and the yield and sugar content of beetroot are higher than those of the control, and the sugar yield increases by 7.43%-38.05%. It can be seen that microbial agents can improve the physical and chemical properties of crop rhizosphere soil, increase the content of organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, promote crop nutrient absorption and growth, thus increasing the crop yield.

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Isolation and identification of the Passalora nattrassii HR-1 from aubergine in Xinjiang LUO Wenfang, Zhou Junhui, HE Wei, XU Jianjun 2024, 61(2): 455-460.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (854KB) ( )   【Objective】 The authors identified one new disease on aubergine in facility eggplant in Heshuo County, Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Bayingolin, Xinjiang, and identified the species of the disease, hoping to provide a scientific basis for accurate control of the disease.【Methods】 Random sampling was used to investigate and clarify the damage caused by the disease in the field, and the new disease of aubergine was identified using tissue isolation, Koch's rule, morphological observations and molecular biology to determine the taxonomic status of the pathogen.【Results】 The Koch's Law results indicated that strain HR-1 was the causal agent of the disease.Strain HR-1 was more than 99.0% homologous with the reported Passalora nattrassii.Strain HR-1(MW362742.1)was in the same branch as P.nattrassii.【Conclusion】 The strain HR-1 was identified as P.nattrassii, a newly discovered disease of eggplant foliage in Xinjiang.

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Toxicity determination of Twenty-two antibiotics against oear fire blight and its safety evaluation on floral organ LIU Zhenya, SU Xuanle, TANG Li, JIANG Siming, LI Yapeng, DAN Hongxia, ZHANG Wangbin 2024, 61(2): 461-468.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1247KB) ( )   【Objective】 This research aims to screen out antibiotics that can effectively control Erwinia amylovora in the hope of providing technical support for the green safety prevention and control of the disease.【Methods】 22 kinds of antibacterial agents and preparations were screened in the laboratory using bacteriostatic circle, and then the safety on floral organ of Korla Fragrant Pear was evaluated.【Results】 13 kinds of antibiotics had good antibacterial effect on Erwinia amylovora, and when the diameter reached 9 mm, the effective concentration of chloramphenicol①, cefotaxime sodium for injection, ceftriaxone sodium for injection and norfloxacin from low to high in order were 5.30,7.60,9.88,11.64 mg/L, indicating that using the same dosage, the inhibitory effect of four antibiotics were stronger than those of other antibiotics; The floral organ of Korla Fragrant Pear suffered less injury when using the chloramphenicol①, cefotaxime sodium for injection, ceftriaxone sodium for injection, roxithromycin dispersible tablet and norfloxacin.【Conclusion】 The selected chloramphenicol ①, norfloxacin, ceftriaxone sodium for injection and cefotaxime sodium for injection can be used in the field to control Erwinia amylovora in fields.

Microbes·Physiology and Biochemistry·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

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Study on antibacterial activity and mechanism of selenium glycyrrhiza polysaccharide, glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and their combined antibiotics against Streptococcus agalactiae in vitro ZHANG Mengyuan, ZHU Xiaoqing, GU Xinli, WANG Yan, YANG Huiying, LIU Yuran, WANG Mengmeng, SUN Guojie, LIAN Kexun, LI Xiaozhen 2024, 61(2): 469-478.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1367KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the antibacterial activity and mechanism of selenium glycyrrhiza polysaccharide(SeGUP)and glycyrrhiza polysaccharide(GUP)against Streptococcus agalactiae in vitro, and determine whether the combination of them can enhance the antibacterial effect of antibiotics.【Methods】 Antibiotics sensitive to Streptococcus agalactis were screened by drug sensitive paper.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)and joint inhibitory index(FICI)were measured by the minimum double dilution method and chessboard method; Mixed Streptococcus agalactis with 120, 60, 30 mg/mL SeGUP, GUP and antibiotics in equal amounts respectively were used to draw the bacterial growth rate diagram; Meanwhile, detection of alkaline phosphatase β-Galactosidase activity, protein content and intracellular DNA concentration were studied to find the effects of SeGUP, GUP and combined antibiotics on bacterial cell membrane, cell wall and DNA; Finally, the effect of SeGUP, GUP and combined antibiotics on the biofilm formation of Streptococcus agalactis was detected by crystal violet staining.【Results】 Streptococcus agalactis was moderately sensitive to SeGUP 480 mg/mL and GUP 480 mg/mL, and the diameter of the inhibition zone was 14.0 mm and 11.0 mm; Streptococcus agalactis is extremely sensitive to kanamycin hydrochloride, doxycycline hydrochloride, ceftriaxone sodium and florfenicol; MIC and MBC of SeGUP and GUP against Streptococcus pneumoniae were 120, 240 mg/mL and 240, 480 mg/mL respectively; The FICIs of SeGUP with kanamycin hydrochloride, doxycycline hydrochloride, ceftriaxone sodium, and florfenicol were 1.5, 0.75, 1, 0.5, indicating that the relationship between SeGUP and kanamycin hydrochloride was irrelevant, the relationship between SeGUP and doxycycline hydrochloride, ceftriaxone sodium was additive, and the relationship between SeGUP and florfenicol was synergistic.The FICIs of GUP with kanamycin hydrochloride, doxycycline hydrochloride, ceftriaxone sodium, and florfenicol were 1.5, 1, 1.5, 0.75, The results showed that GUP had no relationship with kanamycin hydrochloride and ceftriaxone sodium, but additive relationship with doxycycline hydrochloride and florfenicol; SeGUP and GUP significantly inhibited the growth of bacteria, of which SeGUP 120 mg/mL had the strongest effect.The combination of SeGUP and GUP with doxycycline hydrochloride, ceftriaxone sodium and florfenicol has enhanced the inhibition effect; SeGUP, GUP and combination of antibiotics could significantly increase alkaline phosphatase(AKP)β-Galactosidase(β-gal), protein content(P<0.05), significantly reduced the content of intracellular DNA(P < 0.05), significantly inhibited the formation of biofilm of Streptococcus agalactis(P < 0.05)【Conclusion】 SeGUP can significantly inhibit Streptococcus agalactis by damaging the integrity of bacterial cell wall and cell membrane and affect DNA content, and its antibacterial activity is superior to that of GUP.The combination of SeGUP and antibiotics can enhance the antibacterial activity of antibiotics, and its effect is stronger than those of SeGUP, GUP and antibiotics used alone.

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Gene modification and expression of α cold-adapted amylase in Aeromonas CHU Min, SHI Yingwu, GU Meiying, YANG Hongmei, HUO Xiangdong, ZHANG Zhidong 2024, 61(2): 479-484.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (809KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to obtain the low-temperature amylase gene and its related functions, and better apply it in industrial production.【Methods】 Cloning of the low temperature ɑ-amylase gene from the starting strain LA7 to BL-21 (DE3). Other known low temperature ɑ-amylase gene was homology analysis,design specific primers,and C13 fragment was obtained by PCR amplification.Then clone it to pMAL-2X,Convert it to BL-21 (DE3),and screening blue and white spots.The ɑ-amylase gene was verified by PCR and double enzyme digestion of EcoRⅠ and Hind Ⅲ,the highly expressed bioengineering strain pMAL-2X- C13was obtained.The site directed mutagenic primers was design,take pMAL-2X- C13 as the template,three mutant strains of low temperature amylase gene C19, C29 and C43 were obtained.【Results】 SDS-PAGE test result display that the molecular size of the protein is 114 kD and the protein expression of mutant strain C19 was higher than that of strain pMAL-2X- C13.【Conclusion】 The protein expressed of mutant strain C19 more than the original strain pMAL-2X- C13.It provides a scientific and theoretical basis for the future application of the engineering bacteria in industrial production.

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Characteristics of chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters of Suaeda microphylla Pall.and their responses to soil factors in different water-salt habitats Reyihan Abulizi, HE Xuemin, YANG Huan, HUANG Pengcheng, FENG Haipeng, WANG Yongzhi 2024, 61(2): 485-494.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1397KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the photosynthetic response mechanism of halophyte in arid region in order to provide theoretical and scientific support for soil salinization bioreremediation technology.【Methods】 In this paper, the typical halophyte Suaeda microphylla Pall.in the National Nature Reserve was studied and three types of habitats:high water salt(habitat Ⅰ)salt(habitat Ⅱ), low water and high salt water(habitat Ⅲ)were selected to measure and analyze its Suaeda microphylla Pall.chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under three habitat Suaeda microphylla Pall.characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, thus clarifying the effects of soil factors on the fluorescence characteristics of the three habitats.【Results】 The results showed that there were significant differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters among the three habitats(P<0.05).Fo, Fm and NPQ gradually increased with the change of habitat, with the maximum values in the habitat Ⅲ(142.95, 609.42 and 1.65)and the minimum values in the habitat Ⅰ(87.6, 358.06 and 0.96).Fv'/Fm' increased first and then decreased, the maximum value occurs in environment Ⅲ(0.53),the minimum value appears in scenario Ⅱ(0.39), respectively; Fo was positively correlated with Fm and NPQ(P<0.01), the correlation coefficient of Fm was the largest, which was 0.99; Three key chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Fo, Fm and NPQ, were screened out by principal component analysis, and their common factor variances were 0.947, 0.969 and 0.824; Salt, available phosphorus and pH could explain 17.2%, 24.2% and 13.5% of the variation of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, while water did not.【Conclusion】 In conclusion, in the high-salt habitat, the structure and physiological state of leaves PSⅡ were damaged, photosynthesis was blocked, and plant growth was inhibited eventually.

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Effect on sodium selenite of mycelial growth in Morchella sextelatam of medical edible fungus LI Mengtong, Mayila , YU Lyujian, DING Yu, YANG Jin, JIAO Ziwei 2024, 61(2): 495-504.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1699KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the effects of different selenium concentrations on Morchella mycelium, and to master the optimal formula of selenium-enriched medium in the hope of providing technical support for the further development of selenium-enriched products.【Methods】 Morchella sextelatam was used as selenium enriched carrier and sodium selenite as selenium source and the effects of different selenium concentrations on the growth trend, mycelial density and mycelial morphology of Morchella sextelatam on different media were systematically analyzed.【Results】 In liquid shake culture, when the concentration of selenium ≤ 20 mg/L, the mycelial morphology no obvious change, and the promoting effect on The mycelial growth of Morchella sextelatam with the increase of concentration, and the dry weight at 20 mg/L.The culture medium, selenium concentration ≤ 20 mg/L had no effect on the mycelial growth, mycelial density and mycelial morphology of Morchella sextelatam.the original mediumthe concentration of selenium ≤ 20 mg/L, there was no significant change in mycelial density and mycelial morphology, and it promoted the growth of Morchella sextelatam, which was the strongest at 10 mg/L.On the cultivation mediumselenium concentration of 20 mg/L the strongest promoting effect on the mycelium of Morchella sextelatam, and no significant change in mycelium density and mycelium morphology.【Conclusion】 Sodium selenite is the best selenium source for Morchella sextelatam cultivation when concentration is 10~20 mg/L.

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Effects of Urtica laetevirens extracts on the growth and photosynthetic properties of wheat seedling ZHENG Tianxiang, ZHANG Mingming, LEI Yuming, WANG Nannan, WANG Lijuan 2024, 61(2): 505-513.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1389KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effect of Urtica laetevirens extracts on the growth and photosynthetic properties of wheat seedling.【Methods】 The wheat cultivar Heimai 2 were used to analyze growth and photosynthetic characteristics in response to different treatments with Urtica laetevirens water extracts of roots, stems and leaves at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g/L.【Results】 The root aqueous extract promoted seedling length and dry weight of wheat seedling, the lower concentration of root extracts promoted root length, root dry weight and root-shoot ratio while high concentration of root extracts inhibitory effect.The stem and leaf extracts all inhibited the wheat seedling length, seedling dry weight, root length, root dry weight and root-crown ratio.With the increase of root extracts concentration, the Fv/Fm, Y(Ⅱ), Y(Ⅰ) and ETRⅠ value slightly then reach stability.The ETRⅡ and qP fluctuating changes NPQ and CEF decreased firstly then.Along with stem extracts concentration increase, the Fv/Fm, Y(Ⅱ), Y(Ⅰ), ETRⅠ, ETRⅡ and qP value were decreased significantly, while the NPQ and CEF were increased significantly.At concentrations of 80 g/L, the NPQ and CEF were 1.37 and 5.42 times that of the control, respectively.The leave extracts no significant between the treatment group and the control group the photosynthetic characteristics.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis showed that root extracts promote wheat seedling growth by improving the electron transmission rate and light energy conversion efficiency of PSⅠ slightly.However, the stem extracts cause a certain degree of damage to the photosynthetic system of wheat leaves, and inhibit the growth of wheat seedling.This damage be relieved by strongly stimulating cyclic electron transport and forming non photochemical quenching.The leaf extracts show inhibitory effect on wheat seedling growth, while it has no significantly difference on photosynthetic properties of wheat leaves.

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Analysis of correlation and difference of target traits in fine wool sheep breeding YANG Cunming, ZHANG Xiaoxue, ZHANG Menghua, ZHAO Zhiwen, LI Fengjie, HUANG Xixia, LI Jie, Aizimaiti Awuti, HE Junmin, LI Xue, LI Tingting, TANG Li, ZHANG Wenjing, TIAN Yuezhen, TIAN Kechuan 2024, 61(2): 514-520.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (642KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the correlation and difference between the breeding target traits of Subo merino sheep and Chinese merino sheep(Xinjiang type)ewes, and to analyze the genetic rules between traits, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding planning of Xinjiang fine wool sheep.【Methods】 A total of 1,546 ewes were collected, measured and sorted out(Subo merino sheep:497; Individual identification and shearing records of Chinese merino sheep(Xinjiang type):1,049 animals), and the laboratory completed the determination of mean fiber diameter, fiber diameter standard deviation and fiber diameter coefficient of variation.SPSS 25.0 software was used to descriptively collect the data of wool traits(mean fiber diameter, standard deviation of fiber diameter, fiber diameter coefficient of variation, hair length, shearing amount), reproductive traits(birth type)and growth traits(physical score, weight at time of identification), and clarify the correlation between traits, and in addition to that, one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)was applied to compare the differences between different breeds and birth types.【Results】 There were no significant differences between birth types of Subo merino sheep and Chinese merino sheep(Xinjiang type)and related hair traits(mean fiber diameter, standard deviation of fiber diameter, fiber diameter coefficient of variation and hair length)and growth traits(physical score and weight at identification)(P>0.05), and the body weight of Subo merino sheep and Chinese merino sheep(Xinjiang type)were significantly correlated with the average fiber diameter, hair length and shearing amount(P<0.01), there were different degrees of correlation between the hair traits.【Conclusion】 The Subo merino sheep were better than that of the Chinese merino sheep(Xinjiang type)in the wool traits(mean fiber diameter and fiber diameter standard deviation)and growth traits(weight at time of identification), and the average fiber diameter ranged from 16.86-19.01 μm, which was a high-quality ultra-fine wool sheep.