Abstract: 【 Objective 】 To conduct comparative analysis of the different contents of heavy metals in farmland soil between Layisu longevity village and the control area of Yutian County in Xinjiang, this paper aims to make clear the health risk of heavy metals in the soil of two control groups to the local population.【 Method 】This paper used the Muller geoaccumulation index method to evaluate the soil environmental quality of the two groups, and U.S.EPA health risk assessment model to evaluate the health risk of soil heavy metals.【 Result 】No heavy metals pollution was found in farmland soil of Layisu longevity village. Ni and As contents were over standard in a few sampling points of the control area. The Risk_all and HQ_all in control groups showed that heavy metals in the control area were greater than those of Layisu longevity village.【 Conclusion 】The contents of heavy metals in soil of Layisu longevity village are lower than those in the control area. The soil As can cause an acceptable carcinogenic risk to body in both control groups (10^-6＜Risk_all ＜10^-4). The soil Cr and Cd are not likely to cause carcinogenic risk for both adults and children (Risk_all ＜10^-6). The soil heavy metals will not cause non-carcinogenic risk for both adults and children in the control groups (HQ_all ＜1).