新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1050-1058 DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.002

新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏

新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性分析

黄倩楠,1, 马尔合巴·艾司拜尔1, 邹辉1, 王彩荣1, 艾力买买提·库尔班1, 孙娜,1, 雷钧杰,2

1.新疆伊犁州农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁 835000

2.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

Genetic diversity of main agronomic traits in Xinjiang winter wheat germplasm resources

HUANG Qiannan,1, Maerheba Aisibaier1, ZOU Hui1, WANG Cairong1, Ailimaimaiti Kuerban1, SUN Na,1, LEI Junjie,2

1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Ili Prefecture, Yining Xinjiang 835000, China

2. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARA/ Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China

通讯作者: 孙娜(1982-),女,吉林人,高级农艺师,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,(E-mail)Sna18509993321@163.com;雷钧杰(1972-),男,甘肃人,研究员,博士,研究方向为小麦高产高效栽培,(E-mail)leijunjie@souhu.com

收稿日期: 2022-09-10  

基金资助: 新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2021B02002-1)
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02015-2)
国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-03-88)

Corresponding authors: SUN Na(1982-), female,senior agronomist. Research area: wheat genetic breeding.(E-mail)Sna18509993321@163.com;LEI Junjie (1972-), male, Gulang County, Gansu, doctor, researcher, research direction for crop yield cultivation,(E-mail):leijunjie@sohu.com

Received: 2022-09-10  

Fund supported: The Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002-1)
The Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02015-2)
The Earmarked Fund for CARS(CARS-03-88)

作者简介 About authors

黄倩楠(1995-),女,河南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,养分资源管理及高效利用,(E-mail)qiannan9325@163.com

摘要

【目的】研究新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性。【方法】分析232份冬小麦种质资源的株高、有效分蘖数、千粒重等9个主要农艺性状,进行遗传多样性、相关性和聚类综合评价。【结果】新疆232份小麦品种遗传多样性指数较高,9个农艺性状的多样性指数介于1.68~2.10,变异类型丰富,变异系数幅度为10.3%~43.6%,各农艺性状变异系数顺序为单株产量>有效分蘖数>主穗粒重>主穗长>主穗粒数>最多粒数>株高>小穗数>千粒重;主要农艺性状与单株产量的相关程度为:有效分蘖数(0.838)>主穗粒重(0.564)>主穗粒数(0.559)>最多粒数(0.301)>千粒重(0.269)>主穗长(0.224)>株高(-0.196)>小穗数(-0.102),有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重对单株产量的直接通径系数和相关系数均达显著水平;在欧式距离为16 的位置将232个品种划分为5个类群,分析各类群的9个农艺性状特征发现,类群间存在较大差异。【结论】新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状变异较大,且遗传多样性丰富。有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重对单株产量的影响是直接且正向的,可以作为提高单株产量的筛选指标,且有效分蘖数这一性状应优先选择。

关键词： 小麦; 种质资源; 农艺性状; 相关性分析; 聚类分析

Abstract

【Objective】 Study of genetic diversity of main agronomic traits in Xinjiang winter wheat germplasm resources.【Methods】 The genetic diversity, correlation and clustering analysis of nine main agronomic traits such as plant height, effective tillers and 1,000-kernel weight of 232 wheat germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated.【Results】 The genetic diversity index of 232 germplasm resources in Xinjiang was high, and the diversity index of 9 agronomic traits ranged from 1.68-2.10.The variation types were rich, and the coefficient of variation range was 10.3%-43.6%.The order of coefficient of variation of agronomic traits was yield per plant > effective tillers > main spike grain weight > main panicle length > main spike grain number >most grain number > plant height > spikelet number > 1,000-kernel weight.The correlation between main agronomic traits and yield per plant was as follows:Effective tillers (0.838) > main spike grain weight (0.564) > main spike grain number (0.559) > most grain number (0.301) > 1000-kernel weight (0.269) > main spike length (0.224) > plant height (-0.196) > spikelets number (-0.102),The direct path coefficient and correlation coefficient of effective tillers, main spike grain weight, main spike grain number and 1,000-kernel weight on yield per plant were significant.At the Euclidean distance of 16, 232 cultivars were divided into 5 groups.Nine agronomic traits of each group were analyzed, and there were significant differences among the groups.【Conclusion】 The main agronomic traits of winter wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang have great variation and rich genetic diversity.Effective tillers, main spike grain weight, main spike grain number and 1,000-kernel weight have direct and positive effects on yield per plant.Therefore, they can be used as screening indexes to improve yield per plant in breeding process, and effective tillers should be preferred.

Keywords： wheat; germplasm resources; agronomic traits; correlation analysis; clustering analysis

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本文引用格式

黄倩楠, 马尔合巴·艾司拜尔, 邹辉, 王彩荣, 艾力买买提·库尔班, 孙娜, 雷钧杰. 新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1050-1058 DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.002

HUANG Qiannan, Maerheba Aisibaier, ZOU Hui, WANG Cairong, Ailimaimaiti Kuerban, SUN Na, LEI Junjie. Genetic diversity of main agronomic traits in Xinjiang winter wheat germplasm resources[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1050-1058 DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.002

0 引言

【研究意义】种质资源的开发及利用与作物育种的进展紧密相关[1]。小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是我国最主要的粮食作物之一[2⇓-4]。农艺性状能够直观地反映品种的优劣。对小麦种质资源和品种农艺性状的考察、分类与科学评价依然是育种工作中一项不可被替代的内容[5]。小麦种质资源的遗传多样性分析对小麦遗传改良和优异亲本选择具有重要的指导意义[6-7]。分析研究新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性,对准确合理地筛选、利用新疆小麦种质资源,拓宽新疆小麦种质资源遗传多样性,提高小麦育种效率有重要意义。【前人研究进展】关于小麦种质资源遗传多样性的研究有很多,尤其是关于小麦株高、穗长、分蘖数等表型农艺性状方面[8],国外小麦种质资源的遗传多样性较丰富[9-10]。程西永等[6]对中国、澳大利亚、俄罗斯、荷兰、墨西哥和智利的小麦种质资源进行遗传多样性研究结果表明,不同国家的小麦农艺性状存在显著差异。雷梦林等[11]对我国山西省551份冬小麦地方种质进行遗传多样性分析结果发现,不同种质的7个农艺性状间遗传多样性丰富。通过小麦种质资源农艺性状的变异分析、相关性及聚类等分析方法筛选评价种质资源,可提高育种水平和效率[12⇓-14]。吴晓丽等[15]通过对42份冬小麦品种主要农艺性状进行聚类分析,筛选出 15 个可作为高产亲本的材料;王光禄等[16]以筛选优异外源小麦种质材料为目标,对94份国外小麦种质材料的主要农艺性状进行分析,筛选出6 份种质可以用作亲本。【本研究切入点】目前针对新疆冬小麦种质资源的鉴定和评价的相关研究和报道较少。鉴定、评价种质资源,了解小麦种质资源的遗传多样性,并准确合理地筛选利用这些资源,是有效提高小麦育种效率的最重要的途径和方法[17]。【拟解决的关键问题】以232份新疆冬小麦种质资源为材料,运用遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、聚类分析的方法,对其株高、有效分蘖数、千粒重等9个主要农艺性状进行综合评价,分析新疆冬小麦遗传基础,合理分类、挖掘、利用新疆冬小麦种质资源,为拓宽新疆小麦种质资源遗传多样性、提高小麦育种效率提供理论基础。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

供试材料共232份,分别为新疆农科院作物品种资源研究所提供的231份冬小麦种质资源,以及伊犁州农科所自育中强筋小麦品种伊农22号,编号为1~232。

1.2 方法

试验于2020年10月~ 2021年7月在伊犁州农科所试验田进行。小区面积为4 m2(行长2 m,每小区10行,行距0.2 m),随机区组排列,3次重复。磷肥和钾肥均作为基肥一次施用,氮肥的50%作为基肥施用,其余50%结合灌水分别在起身拔节期和孕穗期追施。成熟后在每个小区中间随机选取 10 株,调查单株有效分蘖数 、株高 、主穗长、主穗粒数、最多粒数、小穗数, 主穗粒重、单株产量、千粒重9个农艺性状指标,计算各农艺性状的平均值、标准差、变异系数、多样性指数及各性状间的简单相关系数。

(1)标准差: S=Σ(Y-Y-)2n-1.

式中,S表示样本标准差,Y-为样本平均数,( n-1 )为自由度。

(2)变异系数%(CV): CV= 标准差/平均数。

(3)多样性指数:H'=-∑PilnPi.

计算参试材料总体平均数 (X) 和标准差(S),划分为 10 级,从第一级 [Xi<( X-2S )] 到第 10 级[Xi>( X+2S )],每 0.5 S 为一级。每一级的相对频率用于计算多样性指数。公式中 Pi 为某性状第 i 级别内材料份数占总份数的百分比,ln为自然对数[18]。

1.3 数据处理

用 Microsoft Excel 2013 整理数据,SPSS Statistics 17.0 统计分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1 主要农艺性状的遗传多样性

研究表明,参试品种遗传多样性指数较高,变异类型丰富。9个农艺性状的多样性指数介于1.68~2.10,除最多粒数的多样性指数为1.68外,其他性状的多样性指数均大于2。品种间的各农艺性状都存在较大差异,变异系数幅度为10.3%~43.6%,顺序为单株产量>有效分蘖数>主穗粒重>主穗长>主穗粒数>最多粒数>株高>小穗数>千粒重。其中,变异系数最大的农艺性状为单株产量,平均为22.9 g,最大值为62.9 g,最小值为5.4 g;其次是有效分蘖数,变异系数为36.9%,均值为11个,范围介于4~30个;千粒重变异系数最小,为10.3%,平均46.6 g,介于32.7~58.8 g。千粒重和小穗数稳定性相对较好,而单株产量与有效分蘖数稳定性相对较差。新疆不同的冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状变异较大,且遗传多样性丰富。 表1

表1   新疆小麦种质资源主要农艺性状

Tab.1  Statistical analysis of main agronomic traits betweetn wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang

性状
Character		最大值
Max		最小值
Min		均值
Means		极差
Range		标准差
SD		变异系数
CV(%)		多样性指数
H'
X1130.059.092.271.013.114.22.07
X230411.0264.136.92.02
X316.55.59.711.01.717.32.04
X4251319.1122.211.32.10
X5623.940.615.81.68
X6813053.7519.217.22.05
X74.91.42.73.50.620.72.08
X862.95.422.957.510.043.62.04
X958.832.746.626.14.810.32.08

注:X1株高;X2有效分蘖数;X3主穗长;X4小穗数;X5最多粒数;X6主穗粒数;X7主穗粒重;X8单株产量;X9千粒重;下同

Note:X1: Plant height;X2: Effectice tillers;X3: Main panicle length;X4: Spikelets number;X5: Most grain number;X6: Main spike grain number;X7: main spike grain weight;X8: yield per plant;X9: 1000-kernel weight,the same as below

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2.2 主要农艺性状间的相关性

研究表明,各性状间有着紧密且复杂的相关性,主要农艺性状与单株产量的相关程度为有效分蘖数(0.838)>主穗粒重(0.564)>主穗粒数(0.559)>最多粒数(0.301)>千粒重(0.269)>主穗长(0.224)>株高(-0.196)>小穗数(-0.102)。除株高、小穗数与单株产量呈负相关外,其他农艺性状与单株产量均呈极显著的正相关关系。有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数对单株产量的影响较大,其他农艺性状与其相关关系为株高、小穗数、千粒重与有效分蘖数呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.228、-0.225、-0.014,其中仅千粒重的相关系数未达显著水平,其余农艺性状与有效分蘖数均呈正相关关系;各农艺性状与主穗粒重、主穗粒数的关系基本一致,除株高与主穗粒重、主穗粒数呈负相关外,其他农艺性状与二者均呈正相关关系。有效分蘖数、主穗粒数、主穗粒重和千粒重对提高小麦产量有重要的作用,彼此间相互影响,互相制约,且株高对有效分蘖数、主穗粒数和主穗粒重也有一定的限制作用。表2

表2   新疆小麦种质资源主要农艺性状的相关性

Tab.2  Correlation analysis in main agronomic traits of wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang

性状
Character		X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9
X11
X2-0.228**1
X30.381**0.1151
X40.534**-0.225**0.343**1
X5-0.278**0.0650.114-0.0491
X6-0.233**0.263**0.263**0.206**0.576**1
X7-0.0020.158*0.335**0.298**0.488**0.819**1
X8-0.196**0.838**0.224**-0.1020.301**0.559**0.564**1
X90.274**-0.0140.196**0.171**0.0200.0220.490**0.269**1

注:*表示显著相关(P < 0.05);**表示极显著相关(P < 0.01)

Note:*Means the coefficient is significantly correlation at (P < 0.05);**means the coefficient is significantly correlation at(P< 0.01)

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2.3 单株产量与主要农艺性状间的通径系数

研究表明,各农艺性状对单株产量的直接作用大小为有效分蘖数(0.744 9)>主穗粒重(0.220 6)>主穗粒数(0.174 6)>千粒重(0.173 7)>最多粒数(0.042 8)>株高(0.020 3)>主穗长(-0.00 3)>小穗数(-0.073 7)。其中有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重和最多粒数对单株产量的直接通径系数和相关系数方向相同,且均为正值;小穗数与单株产量的相关系数和直接通径系数方向相同,均为负值;株高、主穗长与单株产量的相关系数和直接通径系数方向相反。可见,有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重、最多粒数和小穗数与单株产量直接相关,可能成为筛选小麦单株产量高的指标,而株高和主穗长是通过作用于其他指标对单株产量产生影响,不能作为单株产量高的筛选指标。

有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重对单株产量4个农艺性状与单株产量有较大的相关性,且直接相关,可以作为小麦单株产量高的筛选指标。最多粒数与单株产量的相关系数达到极显著水平,但直接通径系数仅为0.042 8,未达显著水平。主要由于最多粒数与主穗粒数、主穗粒重分别呈极显著的正相关,最多粒数主要是通过对主穗粒数、主穗粒重产生较大的正向间接效应,进而对单株产量产生正向效应。小穗数与单株产量的相关系数和直接通径系数未达到显著水平,主要是因为小穗数与有效分蘖数呈极显著的负相关,有效分蘖数对单株产量产生较大的负向间接效应。表3

表3   新疆小麦种质资源单株产量与主要农艺性状的通径系数比较

Tab.3  Path analysis between yield per plant and different characters of wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang

性状
Character		直接通径系数
Direcct path
coefficient		间接通径系数Indirece path coefficent
X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X9
X10.020 3-0.169 8-0.001 1-0.039 4-0.011 9-0.040 7-0.000 40.047 6
X20.744 9-0.004 6-0.000 30.016 60.002 80.045 90.034 9-0.002 4
X3-0.003 00.007 80.085 7-0.025 30.004 90.045 90.073 90.034 1
X4-0.073 70.010 9-0.167 6-0.001 0-0.002 10.036 00.065 70.029 7
X50.042 8-0.005 70.048 4-0.000 30.003 60.100 60.107 60.003 5
X60.174 6-0.004 70.195 9-0.000 8-0.015 20.024 70.180 70.003 8
X70.220 60.000 00.117 7-0.001 0-0.022 00.020 90.143 00.085 1
X90.173 70.005 6-0.010 4-0.000 6-0.012 60.000 90.003 80.108 1

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2.4 聚类分析

研究表明,各类群所含样本量占总体百分比大小顺序为Ⅰ(71.12%)>Ⅲ(14.22%)>Ⅳ(9.91%)>Ⅴ(3.88%)>Ⅱ(0.86%)。其中第Ⅰ类群包含165个品种,这些品种的农艺性状均值接近总体的平均水平;第Ⅱ类群包含2个品种,其株高、有效分蘖数、主穗长、单株产量和千粒重均显著高于其他类群;第Ⅲ类群含有33个品种,该类群小麦品种的最多粒数、主穗粒数、主穗粒重、单株产量显著高于其他类群;第Ⅳ类群有23个品种,特点是株高和小穗数显著高于其他类群;第Ⅴ类群有9个品种,该类群的各农艺性状均低于平均水平。第Ⅱ类群的品种可作为优势亲本加以利用,第Ⅲ类群的品种应以提高千粒重为主要改良目标,以争取更高产量,第Ⅳ类群的品种可利用其株高较高和小穗数较多的特点,改造其他材料,第Ⅴ类群性状表现一般。表4,表5

表4   新疆小麦种质资源单株产量与主要农艺性状的聚类比较

Tab.4  Clustering analysis between yield per plant and different characters of wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang

类群
Group		样本数量
Sample		品种编号
Number		占总体
Proportion
(%)
Ⅰ1651,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,34,36,37,38,39,41,42,43,44,46,47,48,50,54,55,57,58,59,60,62,63,64,65,66,67,70,71,74,75,76,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,87,88,90,92,94,95,96,97,98,100,101,102,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,113,114,115,117,118,119,120,121,123,124,126,128,130,131,136,138,141,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,151,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,162,163,164,167,168,169,172,173,174,175,178,179,180,181,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,194,197,198,200,204,205,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,215,216,217,218,219,223,224,226,229,230,231,23271.12
Ⅱ24,910.86
Ⅲ337,33,40,49,51,52,53,56,61,68,69,72,73,77,78,86,89,93,99,103,112,116,122,125,127,132,133,135,139,147,152,192,22814.22
Ⅳ2314,160,161,165,166,170,171,176,177,182,183,193,195,196,202,203,206,214,220,221,222,225,2279.91
Ⅴ935,45,129,134,137,140,184,199,2013.88

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表5   不同类群的农艺性状

Tab.5  Agronomic traits of 5 groups

类群
Group		X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9
Ⅰ91.4±9b10.9±3.2bc9.5±1.5bc19±1.7b3.9±0.5b52.5±6b2.6±0.4bc22.2±7.4b47±4.5b
Ⅱ123.6±6.7a15.5±4.5a13±1.4a20±1.4ab3.5±0.7b52.7±0.5b3.1±0.1ab34.7±8.8a54.5±0.1a
Ⅲ83±8.9b13.8±4.3ab10.2±1.3b18.9±2b4.5±0.4a66.9±7.1a3.2±0.5a33.4±9.1a45±5.7b
Ⅳ116.1±5.5a7.5±1.8c10.9±2.2b21.4±1.8a3.8±0.6b47.8±7.3bc2.5±0.5c14±3.8c46.3±4.2b
Ⅴ73.2±6.1c10.6±2.4bc8.2±1.3c16.1±1.9c3.6±0.4b42.2±4.8c2±0.4d16.8±5.9bc44.1±6.5b

注:表中数据为平均值±标准差;同一列不同小写字母表示差异达5%的显著水平

Note:Data in the table are average±standard deviation;In same column of a region, different lowercase letters indicate significant levels at P<5%

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3 讨论

研究结果表明,新疆232份小麦种质资源遗传多样性丰富,品种间9个主要农艺性状变异系数较大,幅度为10.3%~43.6%,多样性指数介于1.68~2.10。相较于新疆82份春小麦种质的8个农艺性状变异系数为11.21%~30.82%,多样性指数介于0.814~0.9[18],和11个经过航天诱变和1个未经航天诱变的小麦品种7个主要农艺性状的遗传多样性指数为0.43~0.50,变异系数为1.56%~18.52%的研究结果[19],研究结果较高;与曾潮武等[20]研究发现210份新疆春小麦种质的9个农艺性状变异系数为3.05%~46.43%的结论较为接近。不同研究的结果出现差异,可能是由于研究材料数量、类型、来源以及栽培环境的不同造成的。研究还发现,单株产量变异系数最大,其次为有效分蘖数,而小穗数与千粒重变异系数较小,张帅等[21]对89份小麦种质资源的株高、穗粒数和单株产量分析发现,单株产量的变异系数最大(36.7%);王掌军等[22]研究认为农艺性状的变异系数排序为有效穗>穗粒重>穗粒数>穗下茎长>结实数>小穗数>穗长>株高>千粒重,与研究结果基本一致。

8个农艺性状与单株产量的相关系数与通径系数大小排序规律基本一致。其中有效分蘖数与单株产量呈极显著的正相关,与研究相同的是,产量构成因素中与产量相关程度以有效穗数(0.834)为最大[23],增加有效分蘖数可以显著提高小麦单株产量[24⇓-26]。研究显示主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重与单株产量的直接通径系数和相关系数均达显著水平,与有效分蘖数一样对单株产量的影响是直接且正向的,在育种过程中可以作为提高单株产量的筛选指标,且有效分蘖数这一性状应优先选择。此外,研究结果表明有效分蘖数与千粒重呈负相关,但没有达到显著水平,与王光禄等[16]、元振等[25]的研究结果相同。有研究指出[27⇓-29],在选育高产品种时,对穗粒数和千粒重的选择效果明显,对穗数的选择效果相对最差。在品种选育过程中,要考虑各性状之间的相关性和协调性,在注重某一性状的同时兼顾其他农艺性状,聚合不同的优良性状是提高小麦产量的重要途径[30]。

聚类分析作为评价具有理想性状育种群体的有效方法[31],已被广泛应用于小麦种质资源遗传多样性研究[32-33]。研究将参试品种划分为5个类群,类其中第Ⅰ类群包含165个品种,占总体的71.12%。有研究利用 24 对 SSR 标记, 对来自非洲 、美洲 、亚洲 、欧洲和大洋洲的 998 个小麦种质资源的遗传多样性进行了研究, 聚类分析结果表明, 同一区域品种中有 70%被聚到同一个类别[34],程西永等[6]对来自6个国家的728份种质资源的聚类分析发现各国均有80%以上的材料被聚到同一类别,与研究结果类似。第Ⅱ类群的各农艺性状协调性好且单株产量也显著高于其他类群,可在育种中作为丰产性材料加以利用。第Ⅲ类群的品种单株产较高,有改良价值,应以提高千粒重为主要改良目标,以争取更高产量。第Ⅳ类群的品种可利用其株高较高和小穗数较多的特点,改造其他材料。在今后的育种过程中针对第Ⅰ类的材料只选取其中有代表性的,重点对第Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类群的材料加以利用。

4 结论

232份冬小麦种质资源的9个主要农艺性状的多样性指数介于1.68~2.10,变异系数幅度为10.3%~43.6%;各性状间有着紧密且复杂的相关性,株高、小穗数与单株产量呈负相关,其他农艺性状与单株产量呈正相关关系;有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重与单株产量直接相关;在欧式距离为16 的位置将232份小麦种质资源划分为5个类群,类群间存在较大差异,其中第Ⅱ类群的2个材料表现优异,可在育种中作为丰产性材料加以利用。新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状变异较大,且遗传多样性丰富。有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重对单株产量的影响是直接且正向的,在育种过程中可以作为提高单株产量的筛选指标,且有效分蘖数这一性状应优先选择。

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【目的】研究近年来山东省审定小麦品种的农艺性状和品质指标的演变情况，为小麦育种和生产提供借鉴。【方法】统计1999年至2010年山东省审定的55个小麦品种的18项农艺和品质指标，并对其演变情况和相关性进行了分析。【结果】山东省近年审定品种产量水平呈显著上升趋势，平均每年提高61.65 kg&bull;hm-2，但产量三要素中单位面积穗数和穗粒数变化不明显，只有粒重呈显著上升的趋势，尽管相关系数非常低。生育期平均每年缩短0.57 d，株高、最大分蘖数呈下降趋势，成穗率逐年上升。高产品种单位面积穗数较多，成穗率显著较高，提高成穗率、增加单位面积穗数可能是进一步提高产量潜力的关键。山东省近年审定品种蛋白质和湿面筋含量指标相对较高，但Zeleny沉降值和稳定时间等指标相对较低，指标间不协调。籽粒容重、湿面筋含量和吸水率等指标呈逐年上升的趋势，蛋白质含量、形成时间和稳定时间呈下降的趋势。优质品种粒重显著较低，这也是提高其产量潜力的重点改良性状。总体来看，产量及农艺性状与品质指标负相关，但二者之间在一定范围内还是可以协调的，山东省小麦高产优质育种仍有相当大的空间，育种实践也证明了这一点。【结论】山东省近年来育成小麦品种产量水平稳步提高，中多穗品种更适合山东气候和生产条件，单位面积穗数接近600 m-2、穗粒数40粒、粒重40 mg以上。山东省近年来审定品种总体品质状况较差，而且各项品质指标非常不协调，小麦品质遗传改良研究急需加强。

SONG Jianmin, DAI Shuang, LI Haosheng, et al.

Evolution of agronomic and quality traits of wheat cultivars released in Shandong province recently

[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(6):1114-1126.

DOI      [本文引用: 1]

【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of yield potential and processing quality, agronomic and quality traits of 55 wheat cultivars released in Shandong province recently were investigated.【Method】 Eighteen agronomic and quality traits of wheat cultivars released in Shandong province from 1999 to 2010 were analyzed, and their evolution and correlation were also discussed. 【Result】The yields of wheat cultivars released recently in Shandong province increased annually by 61.65 kg&bull;hm-2，though main yield components such as spike number per unit area and kernels per spike changed insignificantly. The growth duration decreased annually by 0.57 d, and plant height and maximum tillers also decreased annually, whereas fertile tiller increased. Compared to the cultivars with lower yield, the cultivars with higher yield had more spikes per unit area and fertile tiller, suggesting that it may be an effective measure to increase yield by improving fertile spikes. Shandong wheat cultivars released recently had relatively high protein and wet gluten content, low Zeleny sedimentation volume and stability time, which was not suitable to end use. The grain test weight, wet gluten content and dough water absorption increased annually, while protein content, dough development time and stability time decreased. The cultivars with good quality had lower kernel weight, which may be the key trait to improve yield. Quality traits had a negative effect on yield and agronomic traits in general, while they can be coordinated to some extent, which had been verified by breeding program. 【Conclusion】Wheat cultivars released recently in Shandong province increased steadily in yield and cultivars with 600 spikes per m2, 40 kernels per spike and 40 mg kernel weight may be more suitable to local weather and production situations. Shandong wheat cultivars released recently had poorer quality in total, and more effective measures should be taken for quality improvement greatly.

亓振, 赵广才, 常旭虹, 等.

小麦产量与农艺性状的相关分析和通径分析

[J]. 作物杂志, 2016, (3):45-50.

[本文引用: 2]

YUAN Zhen, ZHAO Guangcai, CHANG Xuhong, et al.

Correlation and path analysis on wheat yield and agronomic indices

[J]. Crops, 2016, (3):45-50.

[本文引用: 2]

淮贺举, 陆洲, 秦向阳, 等.

种植密度对小麦产量和群体质量影响的研究进展

[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(9):1-4.

[本文引用: 1]

HUAI Heju, LU Zhou, QIN Xiangyang, et al.

Advances of researches in plant density effects on the wheat yield and population quality

[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2013, 29(9):1-4.

DOI      [本文引用: 1]

Rational close planting is the important cultivation measure to achieve high yield and reasonable population structure. This article reviewed the influence of plant density on yield of wheat from grain yield, its components and population quality. These studies showed that: the effect of plant density on wheat yield and population quality indexes was significant. Plant density can coordinative the relations of the panicle per unit area, grain number per ear and 1000 grain weight to achieve high yield. It also controlled the changes of population structure effectively, to make it more reasonable.

赵倩, 姜鸿明, 孙美芝, 等.

山东省区试小麦产量与产量构成因素的相关和通径分析

[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(7):42-45.

[本文引用: 1]

ZHAO Qian, JIANG Hongming, SUN Meizhi, et al.

Correlation and path analysis of yield components of winter wheat varieties with high yield potential cultured in regional trails of Shandong province

[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(7):42-45.

[本文引用: 1]

蒋会利.

播期密度对不同小麦品种群体茎数及产量的影响

[J]. 西北农业学报, 2012, 21(6):67-73.

[本文引用: 1]

JIANG Huili.

Effect of sowing date and density on stem number and yield of different wheat variety

[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2012, 21(6):67-73.

[本文引用: 1]

朱云集, 郭天财, 王晨阳, 等.

两种穗型冬小麦品种产量形成特点及超高产关键栽培技术研究

[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2006, (1):82-86.

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ZHU Yunji, GUO Tiancai, WANG Chenyang, et al.

Study on yield formation of winter wheat cultivars with different spike types and their key cultivation techniques for super-high yield

[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2006,(1):82-86.

[本文引用: 1]

何中虎, 夏先春, 陈新民, 等.

中国小麦育种进展与展望

[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(2):202-215.

[本文引用: 1]

HE Zhonghu, XIA Xianchun, CHEN Xinmin, et al.

Progress of wheat breeding in China and the future perspective

[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(2):202-215.

DOI      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Iannucci A, Codianni P.

Phenotypic Parent Selection within a Khorasan Wheat Collection and Genetic Variation in Advanced Breeding Lines Derived by Hybridization with Durum Wheat

[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019,(10):1460.

[本文引用: 1]

要燕杰, 高翔, 吴丹, 等.

小麦农艺性状与品质特性的多元分析与评价

[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2014, 15(1):38-47.

[本文引用: 1]

YAO Yanjie, GAO Xiang, WU Dan, et al.

Multivariate analysis and evaluation of agronomic and quality traits based on principal components in wheat

[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2014, 15(1):38-47.

[本文引用: 1]

王亚飞, 李世景, 徐萍, 等.

黄淮和长江中下游冬麦区小麦品种(系)农艺性状及其聚类分析

[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2020, 28(3):395-404.

[本文引用: 1]

WANG Yafei, LI Shijing, XU Ping, et al.

Agronomic traits and cluster analysis of winter wheat varieties (lines) in the Huanghuai and the middle/lower reaches of the Yangtze River wheat areas

[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(3):395-404.

[本文引用: 1]

Huang X Q, Börner A, Rörder M S, et al.

Assessing genetic diversity of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) germplasm using microsatellite markers

[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002,(105):699-707.

[本文引用: 1]

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