藜麦种子对萌发温度的响应及低温胁迫萌发能力鉴定

ZHANG

Tao

, DENG

Guoli

, LIU

Jinxiang

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Effects of salt stress and drought stress on seed germination of chrysanthemum coronarium

[J]. Seed, 2019, 38(7): 79-84.

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常博文, 钟鹏, 刘杰, 等.

低温胁迫和赤霉素对花生种子萌发和幼苗生理响应的影响

[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(1):122-134.

CHANG

Bowen

, ZHONG

Peng

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Jie

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Effects of low temperature stress and gibberellin on seed germination and seedling physiological response of peanut

[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(1): 122-134.

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8个油菜品种的耐低温萌发特性及其春播试验

[J]. 分子植物育种, 2021,5.

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JIfeng

, ZHOU

Xirong

, JIANG

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Low temperature germination tolerance of eight Rapeseed varieties and their spring sowing experiment

[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2021, 5.(网络首发https://Rns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/46.1068.s.20210517.0847.004.html.)

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Yu

J

, Tuinstra

M R

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孟英, 李明, 王连敏, 等.

低温冷害对玉米生长影响及相关研究

[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2009,(4):150-153.

MENG

Ying

, LI

Ming

, WANG

Lianmin

, et al.

Effects of chilling injury on maize growth and its correlation

[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2009,(4): 150-153.

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韩登旭, 杨杰, 王业建, 等.

国内外玉米自交系耐低温萌发能力综合评价

[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(3):401-411.

【目的】选用来自美国、德国、前南斯拉夫、加拿大和中国的玉米种质,研究耐低温萌发能力,筛选耐低温萌发能力强的种质,为耐低温种质改良和新品种选育提供材料基础和技术支撑。【方法】以74份玉米自交系为材料,运用田间直接鉴定法和室内鉴定法,调查测定标准发芽率(SGR)、冷浸发芽率(CIGR)、田间常温出苗势(NFEP)、田间常温出苗率(NFER)、田间低温出苗势(LFEP)、田间低温出苗率(LFER)、田间常温发芽指数(NFGI)、田间常温活力指数(NFVI)、田间低温发芽指数(LFGI)和田间低温活力指数(LFVI)等10个指标,运用隶属函数法和多元统计方法分析对玉米种子耐低温萌发能力,并综合评价。【结果】参试玉米自交系耐低温萌发能力存在丰富的遗传变异,10个鉴定指标的遗传变异系数在10.10%~145.47%,累计贡献率为73.554%,回归建立了玉米自交系种子耐低温萌发能力综合评价数学模型Y耐低温=0.162+0.250XNFGI+0.246XLFGI,预测结果与隶属函数值(L)法的评价结果基本一致。最后基于耐低温萌发能力综合评价值,将74份自交系分为5个等级,筛选出耐低温萌发能力极强自交系1份,耐低温萌发能力较强的自交系12份,耐低温萌发能力中等的自交系45份,耐低温萌发能力较弱的自交系13份,耐低温萌发能力极弱的自交系3份。【结论】筛选出的耐低温萌发能力极弱自交系Shen137、D3M、JSH2402和耐低温萌发能力极强的自交系Xinzi3113,将应用于耐低温QTL定位,种质创新及新品种选育研究中。常温田间发芽指数和低温田间发芽指数可作为评价自交系耐低温能力的主要指标。

HAN

Dengxu

, YANG

Jie

, WANG

Yejian

, et al.

Comprehensive evaluation of low temperature germination tolerance of maize inbred lines at home and abroad

[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(3): 401-411.

【Objective】 In recent years, extreme weather such as low temperature chilling injury occurred frequently during the sowing and emergence of maize in the northern spring maize region, resulting in slow emergence and poor uniformity of seeds, which ultimately affected the quality and yield of maize. In this study, maize germplasm from the United States, Germany, former Yugoslavia, Canada and China were selected for the identification of low temperature germination resistance, and the germplasm with strong low temperature germination resistance was selected to provide material basis and technical support for the improvement of low temperature resistant germplasm and the breeding of new varieties.【Methods】 74 maize inbred lines were taken as materials, the field survey direct method and indoor assay method were applied, through the investigation, to determine the 10 indexes such as the standard germination rate (SGR), cold immerse germination rate (CIGR), normal field emergence potential (NFEP), normal field emergence rate (NFER), low field emergence potential (LFEP), low field emergence rate (LFER), normal Field germination index (NFGI), normal field vigor index (NFVI), low field germination index (LFGI) and low field vigor index (LFVI). The ability of maize seeds to germinate under low temperature was evaluated by the method of membership function and multivariate statistical analysis. And also, the ability of maize seeds to resist low temperature germination was evaluated by using membership function and multivariate statistical analysis.【Results】 There were abundant genetic variations in the low temperature germination tolerance of maize inbred lines tested.10 appraisal index of genetic variation coefficient were between 10.10%-145.47%, and the cumulative contribution rate was 73.554%, maize inbred lines was established by stepwise regression seed germination ability at low temperature resistance comprehensive evaluation mathematics model of low temperature resistant YLTR=0.162+0.250XNFGI+0.246XLFGI.The predicted results with the method of subordinate function value (L) the evaluation results are basically identical.Finally, 74 inbred lines were divided into 5 grades based on the comprehensive evaluation value of low-temperature germination tolerance: one inbred line with very strong low-temperature germination tolerance, 12 inbred lines with rather strong low-temperature germination resistance, 45 inbred lines with moderate low-temperature germination resistance,13 inbred lines with weak low-temperature germination resistance and 3 inbred lines with extremely weak low-temperature germination resistance.【Conclusion】 The selected inbred lines Shen137, D3M and JSH2402 with very weak germination resistance at low temperature and Xinzi3113 with strong germination resistance at low temperature will be applied in the research of low-temperature QTL mapping, germplasm innovation and new variety selection.Field germination index at room temperature and field germination index at low temperature can be used as main indexes to evaluate the low temperature tolerance of inbred lines.

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温日宇, 刘建霞, 李顺, 等.

低温胁迫对不同藜麦幼苗生理生化特性的影响

[J]. 种子, 2019, 5(38):53-56.

WEN

Riyu

, LIU

Jianxia

, LI

Shun

, et al.

Effects of low temperature stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of different quinoa seedlings

[J]. Seed, 2019, 5(38): 53-56.

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沈菊, 杨起楠, 成明锁.

高原藜麦幼苗期抗寒性分析

[J]. 现代农业科技, 2020,(19):9-11.

SHEN

Ju

, YANG

Qinan

, CHENG

Mingsuo

.

Analysis of cold resistance of Quinoa quinoa in seedling stage

[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020,(19):9-11.

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孟军萍, 张有富, 杨兴博.

低温对不同玉米自交系幼苗生长的影响

[J]. 山西农业科学, 2013, 41(12):1319-1322.

MENG

Junping

, ZHANG

Youfu

, YANG

Xingbo

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Effects of low temperature on seedling growth of maize inbred lines

[J]. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 41(12): 1319-1322.

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Chen

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侯龙鱼, 任立飞, 任丽昀, 等.

紫花苜蓿低温萌发特性及指标筛选

[J]. 西南民族大学学报, 2019, 11(45):564-569.

HOU

Longyu

, REN

Lifei

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Liyun

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Germination characteristics and index screening of alfalfa at low temperature

[J]. Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities, 2019, 11(45): 564-569.

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张瑞栋, 肖梦颖, 徐晓雪, 等.

高粱种子对萌发温度的响应分析与耐低温萌发能力鉴定

[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(6):889-901.

萌发期的低温是限制种子萌发的一个重要非生物胁迫因子, 高粱种子耐低温萌发能力是保证高粱出苗整齐、建立良好群体的基础, 因此研究高粱品种对不同萌发温度的响应特征具有重要的理论和应用价值。本试验用来源于不同地区的30份高粱品种, 在25℃、20℃、16℃和12℃人工气候箱中进行萌发试验, 测定不同温度下高粱品种的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、芽重、根重等萌发指标, 分析不同高粱品种的萌发差异; 通过主成分分析和聚类分析, 对不同高粱品种萌发期耐低温特性鉴定和分类, 结果表明, 随着萌发温度的降低, 高粱芽和根的生长均受到抑制, 但根与芽的重量和长度比均增加, 说明萌发过程中芽比根对低温更加敏感。30个高粱品种的6个萌发指标相对值之间存在一定相关性。主成分分析表明, 相对芽长、相对根长和相对发芽率分别在3个主成分中载荷较大, 可作为高粱萌发期耐低温的主要鉴定指标。30个高粱品种按萌发期耐低温能力可分为四大类, 辽粘3号极不耐低温, 济粱1号等18个品种对低温敏感, 冀酿1号等5个品种对低温不敏感, 赤杂101等6个品种对萌发期低温具有较强的耐性。

ZHANG

Ruidong

, XIAO

Mengying

, XU

Xiaoxue

, et al.

Response analysis of sorghum seeds to germination temperature and identification of germination tolerance under low temperature

[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(6): 889-901.

Low temperature during germination is an important abiotic stress factor limiting seed germination. Sorghum seeds with high germination capacity at low temperature are conducive to the emergence and establishment of a good population. Therefore, studying the response characteristics of sorghum hybrids to different germination temperatures is of great theoretical and practical value. Thirty sorghum hybrids from different regions of China were germinated in the artificial climate chamber, at 25°C, 20°C, 16°C, or 12°C to measure germination potential, germination percent, bud length, root length, bud weight and root weight. Sorghum hybrids were identified and classified according to low temperature resistance during the germination based on principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis. With a decrease in germination temperature, the growth of both buds and roots were inhibited, but the ratio of roots to buds in both weight and length increased, indicating that buds were more sensitive to low temperature during germination than roots. The relative values of six germination indicators of the thirty sorghum hybrids were correlated between each other. The PCA results showed that relative bud length, relative root length and relative germination percent could be used to evaluate the sorghum germination capacity under low temperatures because these indicators had the largest loads in the three principal components, respectively. According to the low temperature tolerance ability of the 30 sorghum hybrids were divided into four categories: Liaonian 3 was extremely sensitive to low temperature; eighteen hybrids, such as Jiliang 1, were sensitive to low temperature; five hybrids, such as Jiniang 1, were insensitive to low temperature, and six hybrids, such as Chiza 101 had a strong low temperature tolerance during the germination.

[17]

沈虹, 孟佳丽, 吴绍军, 等.

低温胁迫对西瓜种子萌发的影响

[J]. 北方农业学报, 2020, 48(5):95-103.

【目的】研究低温对不同西瓜材料萌发期各指标的影响,筛选西瓜耐低温种质材料,为西瓜耐低温品种选育提供理论参考。【方法】以39个西瓜品种（系）、组合为试验材料,利用培养箱模拟不同低温胁迫（15/10 ℃、15 ℃和17 ℃）,分析低温胁迫对西瓜种子发芽势、发芽率、胚根长、活力指数、冷害指数和恢复能力的影响,采用极点排序法对不同西瓜材料的耐低温性进行综合评价。【结果】低温胁迫下,西瓜种子的发芽势、相对发芽率、相对胚根长和相对活力指数均降低,且胁迫温度越低,抑制越明显。西瓜种子发芽势、相对发芽率、相对胚根长和相对活力指数均与耐低温综合评价得分极显著相关,且相对活力指数与综合评价得分相关性最高（r=0.949）。不同西瓜材料萌芽期耐低温能力不同,17 ℃下,发芽势、相对发芽率、相对胚根长、相对活力指数 4 项指标在不同西瓜材料间差异显著。选用上述4个指标和冷害指数指标,采用极点排序法得出各西瓜材料的综合评价得分,170-1综合得分大于5,为耐低温材料;迁丽4号、苏蜜1667、迁丽1号、迁丽4号反交、迁美1号、135-2、161-5、17A-81×17A-82综合得分小于2,为低温敏感材料;其余材料为中度耐低温材料。【结论】低温抑制了西瓜种子的萌发,17 ℃可作为鉴定不同西瓜材料萌芽期耐低温性的适宜温度,不同低温耐受性的西瓜材料可为西瓜耐低温品种选育和基础理论研究提供试验材料。

SHEN

Hong

, MENG

Jiali

, WU

Shaojun

, et al.

Effects of low temperature stress on watermelon seed germination

[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2020, 48(5): 95-103.

[18]

李进, 梁晶, 翟梦华, 等.

基于主成分分析的不同棉花品种低温萌发关键期研究

[J]. 种子, 2021, 40(1):28-33.

LI

Jin

, LIANG

Jing

, ZHAI

Menghua

, et al.

Study on key Germination Period of Different Cotton Varieties at low temperature based on Principal Component Analysis

[J]. Seed, 2021, 40(1): 28-33.

[19]

王钰静, 谢磊, 李志博, 等.

低温胁迫对北疆棉花种子萌发的影响及其耐冷性差异评价

[J]. 种子, 2014, 33(5):74-77.

WANG

Yujing

, XIE

Lei

, LI

Zhibo

, et al.

Effects of low temperature stress on seed germination and differential evaluation of cold tolerance of cotton in northern Xinjiang

[J]. Seed, 2014, 33(5): 74-77.

[20]

张紫薇, 庞春花, 张永清, 等.

渗NaCl和PEG胁迫及复水处理对藜麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

[J]. 作物杂志, 2017,(1):119-126.

ZHANG

Ziwei

, PANG

Chunhua

, ZHANG

Yongqing

, et al.

Effects of NaCl and PEG osmotic stress and rehydration treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of Quinoa sativa

[J]. Crops, 2017,(1): 119-126.

[21]

姚庆, 秦培友, 苗昊翠, 等.

PEG模拟干旱胁迫下藜麦萌发期抗旱性评价

[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(9):1588-1596.

【目的】研究与评价PEG模拟干旱胁迫下10个藜麦品种的萌芽期抗旱性。【方法】采用5%~30%不同浓度PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件。【结果】低浓度PEG-6000对藜麦种子萌发及根长具有促进作用,对茎长有一定的抑制作用。随着PEG-6000浓度增大,所有抗旱指标均下降。【结论】利用隶属函数分析得出,10个藜麦品种萌发期抗旱性强弱顺序为:YL2＞YL1＞YL7＞YL3＞YL9＞YL5＞YL10＞YL6＞YL8＞YL4。为较好的反映藜麦品种在不同胁迫程度的耐受能力,将10个藜麦品种划分为三个抗旱级别:YL1、YL2、YL7为强耐旱品种; YL3、YL9为中等耐旱品种;YL4、YL5、YL6、YL8、YL10为弱耐旱品种。

YAO

Qing

, QIN

Peiyou

, MIAO

Haocui

, et al.

Evaluation of drought resistance of quinoa japonica under PEG simulated drought stress

[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(9):1588-1596.

【Objective】 Study the drought resistance of 10 quinoa varieties in germination stage. 【Method】In this experiment, PEG-6000 solution with different concentrations of 5%-30% were used to simulate drought stress conditions.【Result】 The results showed that the low concentrations of PEG-6000 promoted seed germination and root length of quinoa and inhibited stem length. 【Conclusion】 According to the analysis of membership function, drought resistance of 10 quinoa varieties at germination stage was: YL2＞YL1＞YL7＞YL3＞YL9＞YL5＞YL10＞YL6＞YL8＞YL4. The quinoa varieties were divided into three drought resistance levels: YL1, YL2 and YL7 were drought-tolerant varieties,YL3 and YL9 were medium drought-tolerant varieties,YL4, YL5, YL6, YL8 and YL10 were weak drought-tolerant varieties.

[22]

张陇艳, 程功敏, 魏恒玲, 等.

陆地棉种子萌发期对低温胁迫的响应及耐冷性鉴定

[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(1):19-33.

【目的】研究棉花种子吸胀萌发期对低温胁迫的响应,多指标鉴定和综合评价萌发期供试品种（系）耐冷性,分析耐冷材料和冷敏感材料萌发期的生理生化特性,为进一步解析棉花耐冷性机理提供依据。【方法】以53份陆地棉品种（系）为试验材料,测定其在种子吸胀阶段的低温吸胀速率和低温相对吸胀速率,以及低温胁迫下萌发期的发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽时间、平均发芽速度、发芽势、发芽率、萌发指数、芽鲜重、芽干重、胚鲜重、胚干重、物质效率和物质增长率等指标。利用相关分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析等方法对吸胀萌发期的15项形态指标进行耐冷性综合评价。同时测定低温胁迫下不同耐冷性材料的抗氧化物酶活性、渗透调节物质浓度的变化以及抗氧化物酶基因的表达规律。【结果】低温胁迫下,棉花种子萌发期的相对吸水量和吸水速率呈下降趋势,53份材料萌发期的各个指标均呈现显著差异。相关分析表明,吸胀阶段的两项指标相关性较强,它们与萌发阶段指标间的相关性不显著或负相关;芽鲜重、芽干重、活力指数、平均发芽速度和平均发芽时间能较好地反映各个材料萌发期的耐冷性强弱。主成分分析表明,15项耐冷指标通过简化可得到3个主成分,其贡献率分别为55.17%、18.27%和8.79%。隶属函数和聚类分析结果表明,53份材料根据萌发期耐冷综合评价指标可划分为4类：强耐冷（5份）、耐冷（13份）、不耐冷（26份）和冷敏感（9份）,其中新陆中4号为耐冷性最强的材料。耐冷材料种胚内的SOD、POD和CAT酶活性能够在短时间内恢复至接近对照水平或超过对照,可溶性蛋白浓度始终显著高于冷敏感材料。抗氧化物酶基因的表达分析表明,POD酶基因和SOD酶基因的表达量变化与酶活力测定值变化结果基本一致。【结论】陆地棉萌发期鉴定指标呈多元化,胚芽鲜/干重、活力指数可作为萌发期耐冷性鉴定的正向指标,而平均发芽时间和平均发芽速度可作为萌发期耐冷性鉴定的负向指标。POD、SOD和CAT酶活力及可溶性蛋白浓度可作为棉花萌发期耐冷性鉴定的生理指标。

ZHANG

Longyan

, CHENG

Gongmin

, WEI

Hengling

, et al.

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