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以耐盐性较强的砧木1103P为对照品种, 对左山一×SO4杂种砧木F1代的6个株系(A15、A17、A34、A35、A38和A48)及左山一×101-1杂种F1代2个株系(B24和B26)的一年生盆栽扦插苗进行100 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫处理, 以各自无盐胁迫为对照处理。20天后, 根据表型计算盐害指数, 测定叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数以及生长量指标; 以各项生长指标的耐盐系数为耐盐指标, 通过主成分分析、相关性分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析等方法对葡萄株系进行综合评价。结果表明, A34和A35植株无盐害症状, 盐害级数为0; A15和A17植株有少部分叶片边缘焦枯, 盐害级数为1。盐胁迫大幅度降低了1103P和B26等株系的叶绿素含量、光合速率、新梢生长量和生物量; 而A15、A17、A34和A35植株的各项指标降低幅度较小。将生物量等12个单项指标转换成3个相互独立的综合指标, 通过聚类分析, 发现A34、A35、A15和A17植株的耐盐性较强, A38、A48和B24植株的耐盐性中等, 1103P和B26植株的耐盐性较弱, 与盐害分级结果一致。

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为了明确砧木对酿酒葡萄生长和品质的影响，为宁夏产区酿酒葡萄生产中筛选适宜的砧穗组合提供参考依据。以霞多丽和美乐为接穗，分别与3种砧木嫁接，研究了砧木对2种葡萄生长、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明，霞多丽嫁接在5BB、1103P和110R 3种砧木上对生长有不同程度的促进作用，其中1103P显著提高主干粗度、叶面积及叶片SPAD值，增强生长势的效应最为明显；5BB显著提高了霞多丽果实中还原糖和可滴定酸含量，1103P则降低了果实中还原糖的累积，使可滴定酸含量升高，110R对糖酸含量影响不显著；1103P和110R显著降低了霞多丽果实总酚含量，5BB和1103P显著提高了果实花青素含量。3种砧木对霞多丽单株产量无显著影响。美乐嫁接在140R、5BB和SO4 3种砧木上明显减缓生长，其中以140R为砧木显著降低主干粗度、新梢长度和粗度、叶面积及SPAD值，减弱生长势效应最为明显；SO4显著降低美乐果实还原糖含量、提高可滴定酸含量，5BB对果实还原糖含量无显著影响，但显著提高可滴定酸含量，140R对糖酸含量影响不显著；3种砧木均提高了美乐果实单宁和花青素含量，其中140R嫁接苗单宁含量与自根苗差异显著，SO4、140R嫁接苗花青素含量显著高于自根苗；砧木5BB显著提高美乐单株产量。综上，霞多丽以5BB为砧木综合表现最好；对于美乐，自根苗表现最好，5BB在稳定树势、保持品质、提高产量方面的综合表现优于140R和SO4。

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果树砧穗互作相关机理的研究对于揭示嫁接亲和性、营养平衡以及信号调控器官形态建成具有重要意义。综述了果树砧穗互作相关机制，并指出目前存在问题和未来发展方向。研究表明：（1）砧穗间细胞正确识别和信息交流是嫁接正常愈合的关键，生理生化代谢物质也影响嫁接体的愈合；（2）嫁接体成活后，砧木直接影响接穗营养水平，接穗调控砧木根系生长发育并产生反馈作用，砧穗间内源激素含量及比例和一些可远距离传递的信号物质参与调控嫁接体发育过程；（3）嫁接杂交为果树育种提供新的方向。未来应进一步研究内源激素如何调控嫁接愈合及嫁接体营养运输、远距离移动的信号物质和嫁接遗传物质改变的分子机制。

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Grafting，an old plant propagation practice，is still widely used in fruit trees，which can improve horticulture traits，such as fruit yield and quality，abiotic and biotic stress，and scion phenotypes. The research progresses on the interaction between scion and rootstock in fruit trees were reviewed in this paper，and their limitation and promising application prospect were also summarized at the end. Previous studies have shown three aspects as follows.（1）Grafting compatibility required for plant cell-to-cell trafficking and communication via the intercellular connections. The physiological and biochemical metabolisms between rootstock and scion also have certain impacts on graft healing.（2）The interaction between scions and rootstock may involve reducing the size of the root system，or the graft junction itself may restrict the flow of water，nutrients and minerals. Endogenous hormone can modify plant growth and increase stress resistance. Some of the proteins and RNA are involved in long distance transmission signal regulating the plant development.（3）Graft hybridization provides a new direction for fruits breeding. Understanding the interaction between scions and rootstock will shed light on graft compatibility and may help us to understand the potential signals regulating growth or stress resistance. In addition，we should illustrate how the endogenous hormone regulates healing progress and nutrient transfer of grafted union. Also，the molecular mechanism of long distance transmission signals and genetic exchange between scion and rootstock is needed to be clear in the future.

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The effects of 5 mmol ? L-1 oxalic acid（OA）solution on kiwifruit（Actinidia chinensis ‘Huayou’）lignification in during cold storage were investigated. The results showed that，OA treatment significantly reduced lignin content and total phenolics content. Meanwhile，OA inhibited the key enzymes involved in the lignin biosynthesis，including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase（PAL，EC 4. 1. 3. 5.），4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase（4-CL，EC 6. 2. 1. 12.），peroxidase（POD，EC 1. 11. 1. 7.）and polyphenol oxidase（PPO，EC 1.10.3.1.）activities. In addition，the research combined hand-cut samples and paraffin sections indicated that lignin accumulation of‘Huayou’kiwifruit mainly occurred in pulp tissue and vascular bundles；alleviation of fruit lignification via OA might be ascribed to subdued activities of the above four enzymes.

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The ancient plant production practice of grafting which instantly imparts new physiological properties to the desirable scion still remains shrouded in mystery. Yet, grafting remains a widely used technique in the production of several horticultural species. In a composite grafted plant, rootstocks control many aspects of scion growth and physiology including yield and quality attributes as well as biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Broadly, physical, physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms have been reviewed to develop an integrated understanding of this enigmatic process that challenges existing genetic paradigms. This review summarizes the reported mechanisms underlying some of the economically important traits and identifies several key points to consider when conducting rootstock scion interaction experiments. Study of the somatogenetic interactions between rootstock and scion is a field that is ripe for discovery and vast improvements in the coming decade. Further, utilization of rootstocks based on a better understanding of the somatogenetic interactions is highly relevant in the current agricultural environment where there is a need for sustainable production practices. Rootstocks may offer a non-transgenic approach to rapidly respond to the changing environment and expand agricultural production of annual and perennial crops where grafting is feasible in order to meet the global food, fiber and fuel demands of the future.

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为研究红地球葡萄与不同遗传背景砧木的硬枝嫁接亲和力，筛选红地球适宜的抗性砧木，利用8个遗传背景不同的砧木品种与红地球配置砧穗组合进行硬枝嫁接，并对各砧穗组合萌芽率、接口愈合率、愈伤生成率、营养钵苗生长势、秋后新梢生长量、根系生长量等进行综合评价。结果表明，遗传背景不同的砧木和红地球嫁接组合的亲和力存在显著差异，其中，来自河岸葡萄×沙地葡萄组合的101-14和3309与红地球嫁接亲和力均较强，秋后成苗率分别为73.0%和50.0%；来自冬葡萄×河岸葡萄组合的砧木5C、SO4、5BB与红地球亲和力较差，主要因为该杂交组合的砧木有来自冬葡萄的遗传背景。各指标相关性分析结果表明，最终成苗率与温床催根后的萌芽率、根粗＜2.0 mm的根数呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。综合分析，筛选出亲和力强的红地球嫁接组合2个：红地球/101-14和红地球/3309，而5C、SO4、5BB三个砧木品种与红地球亲和力极差，在嫁接育苗生产实践中应谨慎选择。

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