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Effects of Shading and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Population Growth Dynamics and Yield of Winter Wheat Aizizi Julaiti;CUI Yue;ZHAO Qi;ZHANG Hong-zhi;FAN Zhe-ru;LI Jian-feng;WANG Zhong 2017, 54(5): 785-794.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1166KB) ( )   [Objective] This study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and their interaction on population dynamics and yield of winter wheat under different shading conditions in order to provide a theoretical basis for the high yield cultivation techniques and efficient management of nitrogen in the fruit wheat intercropping mode.[Method]Using artificial shading method to set up four shading levels: no shading (S0), jointing stage 10; shading, heading stage 25; shading (S1), jointing stage 20; shading, heading stage 50; shading (S2) and jointing stage 30; shading, heading stage 75; shading (S3).During the whole growth period, four levels of fertilization were set up: no fertilizer (F0), jointing stage (after shading) nitrogen 103.5 kg/ hm2 (F1), 138 kg/hm2 (F2) and 172.5 kg/hm2 (F3) to study the regulation effect of shading, nitrogen fertilizer and their interaction on the wheat population growth dynamics and yield.[Result]The results showed that the increase of shade intensity and nitrogen fertilizer had delayed the growth process of wheat and shading had a significant influence on the spike number and spike rate of tiller (P<0.05), and no significant effect on the highest number of stems, tillers and panicle weight proportion was found;Under the same shading condition, fertilizing significantly increased the panicle number, maximum stem number, tillering rate and tiller percentage (P<0.05).With the increase of nitrogen application, the number of grains per spike increased first and then decreased and the number of harvested panicles increased.Under the same fertilization conditions, with the increase of shade intensity the spike number, grain number and grain weight were significantly decreased, which led to the significant decrease of yield.Under no shading conditions, the yield was higher in F2 treatment.Under the (S1, S2, S3) shading conditions, there were no obvious differences in fertilization treatments.[Conclusion]Analyzing the each factor effect, we knew that different shading and nitrogen treatments produced a significant interaction effect on yield.Nitrogen fertilizer on yield showed positive effects, shading on yield showed a negative effect and the shading effect was greater than the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, which was the main factor affecting yield.Shading and nitrogen interaction had a significant effect on grain number per spike, 1,000 grain weight and yield.Under the condition of not applying fertilizer, moderate shading was favorable for wheat yield and with the increase of shading intensity, the regulation effect decreased.

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Effects of Potassium Fertilizer and Foliar Gibberellin Spraying on Grain Filling and Yield of Spring Wheat LIU Jun;ZHANG Jin-shan;JIA Yong-hong;WANG Peng;FENG Kui;Dilixiati Erken;SHI Shu-bing 2017, 54(5): 795-803.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1226KB) ( )   [Objective] The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of potassium application and foliar application of gibberellin on grain filling and yield of spring wheat.[Method]The wheat variety Xinchun-31 was selected and applied with potassium fertilizer at jointing stage, and gibberellin was sprayed at the flowering stage to study its effect on grain dry matter accumulation, yield composition and yield.[Result]The results showed that the grain filling process of wheat presented the "S" curve trend.The dry matter accumulation of the seeds showed that K180> K360> K0.And they both reached its maximum 30 days after its anthesis.Under the same level of potassium fertilizer application, with the increase of gibberellin concentration, theoretical maximum grain weight, average grain filling rate, maximum grain filling rate and grain yield increased, and reached its maximum at GA4 level.With the increase of the potassium fertilizer application, the yield of the wheat increased significantly, which presented K180> K360> K0, and reached its highest at K180.[Conclusion]In the combination of 180 kg/hm2 of potassium fertilizer and foliar spraying gibberellin concentration of about 24 g/hm2, it was most beneficial to the efficient production of Wheat.

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Study on the Evaluation and Identification of Maize Drought Resistance by Using the Method of Water Shortage Irrigation TANG Huai-jun;XIE Xiao-qing;ZHAO Lian-jia;SUN Bao-cheng;LI Yu;WANG Tian-yu;LIU-Cheng 2017, 54(5): 804-810.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1141KB) ( )   [Objective] This project aims to study the optimal irrigation amount for drought resistance identification and evaluation of maize under shortage water stress in order to provide a reference for the identification of drought resistance of maize.[Method]The present 5 main varieties in Xinjiang were used as experimental materials, the effects of irrigation on yield and drought resistance of 5 varieties were studied under the condition of insufficient irrigation during the whole growth period.[Result]The results showed that the yield and drought resistance of the 5 materials showed a downward trend with the gradual decrease of total 5,283-2,283 m3/hm2.When the irrigation amount was 3,795 m3/ hm2, the yield and drought resistance of the 5 materials were the biggest.There was a significant positive correlation between the yield and grain number per ear, and grain number per row, and no correlation with 100 grain weight.[Conclusion]The total amount of water supplied by the control of irrigation was 3/4 (3,795 m3/ hm2) under normal irrigation, the yield of the five maize hybrids decreased by half, and the difference of drought resistance coefficient was maximized, which could be used for the identification and evaluation of drought resistance in maize.

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Adaptability Analysis of Winter Rape in Xinjiang Oasis Ecological Region HOU Xian-fei;LI Qiang;SU Jun-hong;GU Yuan-guo;JIA Dong-hai;LI Ping;CHNE Yue-hua 2017, 54(5): 811-825.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1358KB) ( )   [Objective] To further study the ecological adaptability of winter rapeseed in Xinjiang oasis area, select excellent winter rape variety for large area planting, and tap winter rapeseed development potential.[Method]In this study, the winter wheat yield, growth period and main agronomic traits in different regions of Xinjiang were compared and analyzed.[Result]The overwintering rate of Brassica rapa L.was significantly higher than that of Brassica napus L's.The principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of winter rapeseeds Longyou 9 in the test pilot areas ranked the first and DWKL-4 ranked the second.[Conclusion]The tested varieties of Longyou 9 (Brassica rapa L.) and DWKL-4 (Brassica napus L.) have shown stronger ecological adaptability.It has been found that Xinjiang oasis has stable winter snow cover in winter and winter rape has higher over-wintering rate, excellent agronomic traits and strong ecological adaptability.

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Efficacy Evaluation of Weed Control in Summer Millet Field of Southern Xinjiang 2017, 54(5): 826-832.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1062KB) ( )   [Objective] The study aims to screen out the herbicide with good control effect on the weeds in the field and to provide scientific basis for the safe and efficient application of the herbicide.[Method]The method of randomized block experiment was used in field trial and the amount of broadleaf weeds and grass weeds were investigated.[Result]After 40 days, the result showed that the treatments of 10; monosulfuron WP with the dosage of 210 g a.i./hm2, 45; propazine-simetryn WP with the dosage of 1,181.25 g a.i./hm2 had better effect on grassy weeds and broadleaf weeds of summer millet, the control effect of plant number was above 86;, and the control effect of fresh weight was above 96;.48; dicamba AS with the dosage of 360 g a.i./hm2 had better effect on broadleaf weeds of summer millet, the control effect of plant number was 85.61;, and the control effect of fresh weight was 99.88;.[Conclusion]Two dilution method was used for field spraying, 10; monosulfuron WP, 45; propazine-simetryn WP and 48; dicamba AS were recommended for application in summer millet field in Southern Xinjiang.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Different Processing Tomato Cultivars by Membership Function Method XU Li-zhi;PANG Sheng-qun;DIAO Ming;ZHANG Guo-ru;LI Qi;NIU Ning 2017, 54(5): 833-842.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1099KB) ( )   [Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate the salt tolerance of different processed tomato varieties in order to provide reference for the rational selection of varieties with good salt tolerance.[Method]Seven tomato cultivars were used as materials to determine such physiological indicators as proline content, malondialdehyde, soluble sugar content,soluble protein content, SOD, POD, CAT activity of them under the stress of NaCl concentration of 100 mmol/L which were widely planted in Xinjiang.[Result]The activities of SOD, POD, CAT and soluble protein in proline, soluble sugar and antioxidant enzyme system were positively correlated with the salt tolerance of plants and the accumulation of malondialdehyde tolerance of plants was negatively related with to salt stress.And finally, the salt tolerance of 7 varieties was evaluated by the method of membership function.[Conclusion]The salt resistance ability of seven processing tomato cultivars from strong to weak is: Nongfan 3 > IVF6172 >Shihong 9 >Tunhe17 >IVF3155 >PT501Q >JW001.

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Trace Mineral Concentrations in the Leaves of Korla Fragrant Pear at Different Times during the Growing Season ZHU Hai-feng;MA Jian-jiang;LIU Yan;ZHAO Juan-juan;WANG Gang;LU Xiao-yan 2017, 54(5): 843-852.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1258KB) ( )   [Objective] The purpose of this experiment is to measure trace mineral concentrations in the leaves of high, medium, and low yielding'Korla fragrant pear'trees at different times during the growing season.The results can be used as a reference for fertilizing pear orchards.[Method]Trace mineral concentrations were measured at different times during the growing season.Leaves were collected from Korla fragrant pear trees every two weeks from April 28 until September 23.The'Korla fragrant pear'trees were 20 to 25 years old.[Result]Leaf Fe, Cu, Zn, and B concentrations decreased during the growing season, whereas Mn and Na concentrations increased.Averaged across the growing season, leaf Fe, B, and Na concentrations were greater in high-yielding orchards than in medium-and low-yielding orchards.Leaf Cu concentrations were greatest in medium-yielding orchards.Leaf Zn and Mn concentrations were greater in the low-yielding orchards than in the medium-and high-yielding orchards.Correlation analysis showed that leaf Zn concentrations were significantly positively correlated with leaf Fe and Cu concentrations.Leaf Mn concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with leaf Cu, B, and Na concentrations.Correlation analysis also indicated that high yield was significantly positively correlated with leaf Fe concentrations on July 13, September 23, and July 28.High yield was significantly negatively correlated with leaf Cu concentrations on September 10 and with leaf Na concentrations on August 10.[Conclusion]The trees should be supplied with Cu during the early growing season.Iron should be supplied during the mid-growing season.Zinc should be supplied during the mid and late growing season.Boron should be supplied during the entire production period.Supplementation with Mn and Na is not recommended.In conclusion, the yield and quality of'Korla fragrant pear'can be increased by understanding the correlation between yield and leaf trace mineral concentrations at different times during the annual production period.

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The Influence of Planting density, Pinching times and Harvesting time on Yield and Quality of Coreopsis tinctoria JIANG Hong;XIONG Qi;YANG Hui;Mamatjan Ubulhasan;CHEN An-xin;QIN Yong 2017, 54(5): 853-861.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1103KB) ( )   [Objective] This experiment aims to study the relationship between Coreopsis tinctoria density, pinching times, harvest time and Coreopsis tinctoria yield and quality.[Method]The orthogonal experiment was used to determine the yield and the content of active components (total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, total amino acid, tea polyphenol and total sugar) in different treatments of four different time periods.The comprehensive measures were screened out to select the reasonable combination of cultivation techniques.[Result]The study found that the best condition of growth and the highest yield of Coreopsis tinctoria was treatment VII (spacing of 25 cm × 40 cm, no pinching, picking every day) and treatment VI (spacing of 20 cm × 40 cm, pinching twice, picking every day).The total yield of dried flowers of Coreopsis tinctoria treatment VII was 53.52 kg/667 m2, the content of total flavonoids was about 13.51;, the content of chlorogenic acid was about 0.55;, the total amino acid content was about 10.78;, the content of tea polyphenol was about 10.27;, and the total sugar content was about 14.85;;The total yield of dried flowers of Coreopsis tinctoria treatment VI reached 50.49 kg/667 m2,the content of total flavonoids was 13.79;, the content of chlorogenic acid was about 0.57;, the total amino acid content was about 10.69;, the content of tea polyphenol was about 10.54;, and the total sugar content was about 17.04;.Although the yield of Coreopsis tinctoria treatment VI was high, considering that the two pinching times would increase the labor cost, it was not recommended as a combination of reasonable cultivation measures.Both of the yield and the quality of Coreopsis tinctoria that showed better results were the treatment I.(spacing of 15 cm×40 cm, no pinching, picking every day), whose yield was only lower than those of Coreopsis tinctoria treatment VII and VI.The yield was 45.81 kg/667 m2, the content of total flavonoids was15.46;,the content of chlorogenic acid was about 0.45;, the total amino acid content was about 12.40;, the content of tea polyphenol was about 10.65;, and the total sugar content was 14.39;.The other treatments were not prominent in plant growth, yield and quality.Treatment III (planting density of 40 cm×15 cm, pinching twice, picking once every 3 days) showed poor performance in yield and quality.[Conclusion]Different planting densities, pinching times and harvest time had a certain effect on the growth, the yield and the quality of Coreopsis tinctoria.

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Establishing Comprehensive Evaluation System for Mulberry Based on Grey Relational Grade Analysis and Principal Component Analysis YANG Lu;LU Xiao-li;CHENG Ping;Bota Bahetihan 2017, 54(5): 862-870.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1195KB) ( )   [Objective] The aim of this study is to clarify the relations among the main indices of mulberry physicochemical quality in order to establish their scientific grading standards and identify the typical indices of mulberry physicochemical quality.[Method]With 13 varieties of fruit as the tested materials to determine total polyphenol, polysaccharide and other chemical indicators and using principal component analysis, cluster analysis, grey correlation analysis to determine the representative physical and chemical index.[Result]Soluble solids, total flavonoids, total acid, total polysaccharide, vitamin C, total polyphenol content were determined as the five representative indicators for mulberry quality evaluation.[Conclusion]The integrated use of principal component analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis can simplify the mulberry quality evaluation index.

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Effect of Different Microbial Fertilizer Dosage on the Elements of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schvek CHENG Bao-yan;MA Hong-hong;YANG Tao;CHENG Zheng-ming;NIU Xin-xiang;MA Xing-wang 2017, 54(5): 871-877.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1313KB) ( )   [Objective] To determine the optimum fertilization rate of microbial fertilizer of Fritillaria high yield and quality.[Method]Using the single factor experiment design, setting up 5 microbial fertilizer fertilization treatments respectively: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 kg/ 667m2, during the development period of Fritillaria: germination stage, bud stage, flowering stage, the microbial fertilizer application rates were 10;, 20;, 30; and 40;, respectively.The plant height of Fritillaria, plant fresh weight and bulb fresh weight, yield and soil organic matter, total nitrogen and pH were measured and analyzed in this process.[Result]The results showed that with the increase of microbial fertilizer application rate, plant height, each period plant Fritillaria fresh weight and bulb fresh weight and yield of Fritillaria demonstrated first upward and then downward trend;With the increase of microbial fertilizer application rate, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen content and soil pH did not change significantly during germination and early flowering stages.At the bud stage, except the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content, differences appeared in the rest elements.When the microbial fertilizer application amount was 4.29 kg/667 m2, the yield of Fritillaria reached the highest level, that was 538.55 kg/667 m2;during the germination stage, 0.29 kg/667 m2 caladium should be used, and bulb fresh weight was relatively heavy;at the beginning of flowering period, 1.02 kg/667 m2 Fritillaria should be used, and the bulb fresh weight was relatively heavy.[Conclusion]The microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, ditching topdressing microbial fertilizer during the growth period, yield increase and efficiency of Fritillaria can be achieved.

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Correlation Analysis of DNA Methylation and Expression of Demethylation Enzyme Gene (Ros1) in Halostachys caspica under Salt Stress DU Chi;ZHANG Ji;ZHANG Li-li;ZHANG Fu-Chun 2017, 54(5): 878-885.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1347KB) ( )   [Objective] The DNA methylation, which is regulated by methylation and demethylation coordinately, directly affects the expression of stress-related genes.DNA demethylation in plants is mainly mediated by demethylase gene Ros1 (Repressor of silencing 1) to finish the base excision repair.Analysis of the dynamic changes of the DNA methylation of Halostachys caspica and gene expression changes of Ros1 will be helpful to elucidate the molecular mechanism of DNA methylation in response to salt stress.[Method]qRT-PCR was used to measure the degree of genomic DNA methylation in assimilation shoots and roots of H.caspica,the correlation between DNA methylation and HcRos1 gene expression was also analyzed.[Result]The results showed that the degree of genomic DNA methylation in assimilation shoots and roots of H.caspica increased firstly and then decreased under the same concentration of NaCl stress treated with different times, and DNA methylation in assimilating shoots was higher than in roots and reached the highest at 24 h.However,the degree of genomic DNA methylation in assimilation shoots and roots of H.caspica also increased firstly and then decreased under the different concentrations of NaCl stress treated with the same time, DNA methylation in assimilating shoots was higher than in roots and reached the highest under concentration of 100 mmol/L NaCl.The gene expression of HcRos1 did not changed under low concentration of NaCl stress, but increased significantly under concentration of 700 mmol/L at 72 h.[Conclusion]Correlation analysis demonstrated that the expression of HcRos1 was negatively correlated with the degree of DNA methylation.Salt stress can increase the expression of HcRos1, reduce the methylation degree of genomic DNA and enhance the salt tolerance of plants.

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Determination of Four Endogenous Hormones in the Young Fruit of Korla Fragrant Pear by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 2017, 54(5): 886-892.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1177KB) ( )   [Objective] A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine the concentration of four endogenous hormones [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3), zeatin (ZT)] in young fruit of Korla fragrant pear.[Method]After screening and optimization of conditions, 80; methanol was chosen as extraction solvent.Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was used to absorb impurities.The samples were extracted with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate.The extracts were purified with a reverse pHase Sep-Pak C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size).The column temperature was 40 ℃.The flow rate was 1 mL/min.The injection volume was 10 μL.The mobile phase was 45; methanol (A) and 55; acetic acid (B, pH=3.5).The detection wavelength was 254 nm.[Result]ZT, GA3, IAA, abscisic acid analysis method of high performance liquid chromatography was established.The HPLC recovery of known concentrations of IAA, ABA, GA3, and ZT ranged between 80.4; and 91.2;.The relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged between 1.54; and 8.1;.The experimental results were stable and reliable.[Conclusion]The HPLC method developed in this study is simple, rapid, reproducible, and accurate.Therefore, it is suitable for rapid and accurate quantification of ZT, GA3, IAA and ABA in pear fruit.

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Behavioral Responses Determination of Hippodamia variegata(Goeze) to Volatiles from Rape Leaves 2017, 54(5): 893-899.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1169KB) ( )   [Objective] This research aims to clarify the role of behavioral responses from volatiles rape to Hippodamia variegata (Goeze).[Method]The behavioral responses of the lady beetle adults to volatiles from rape were observed with a Y-tube olfactometer.Rape leaves were divided into three treatments: CK (intact leaves), aphid damage treatment and analog aphid damage treatment.In each treatment, 100 and 500 aphids were respectively connected and rape leaves by the three treatments went through determination by two-two combination.[Result]When aphid damage treatment and analog aphid damage treatment were respectively determined against CK, the ratios were significantly higher than those of the CK.The more number of aphids, the more obvious the attraction would be.When determining the aphid injury treatment and analog aphid injury treatment, the difference between the two was not significant, but they were significantly higher than those without selection, which showed that rape leaves after treating aphids, whether they had aphids or not, could lure Hippodamia variegate (Goeze).[Conclusion]The experiments showed that aphid infested induced volatiles plays an important role in the behavioral responses of Hippodamia variegate (Goeze).

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Dynamic Change of Biochemical Matter Contents of Lygus pratensis(L.) Adult during Non-wintering Period and Overwintering Period 2017, 54(5): 900-906.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1286KB) ( )   [Objective] This research aims to measure the amount of body water, fat, total sugar, protein, glycogen content and trehalase activity of male and female adults of Lygus pratensis (L.) in non-overwintering period and overwintering period in order to explore the changes of content of non-overwintering stage and wintering period Lygus pratensis(L.) biochemical substances so that a better understanding of its overwintering mechanism will be obtained in the hope of providing theoretical basis for integrated control of Lygus pratensis (L.).[Method]The change law of cold resistance of Lygus pratensis(L.) was studied by acquiring female and male adults of Lygus pratensis (L.) at different developmental stages and determinating biochemical matter contents.[Result]From non-wintering period to overwintering period, the Lygus pratensis (L.) adult body fat content increased gradually and tended to be stable, total sugar content and glycogen content firstly increased and then decreased, the protein content decreased first and then increased, but the trehalase activity rose at first and after that period, it began to fall down.[Conclusion]There is a certain connection between cold hardiness and dynamic change of biochemical matter contents of Lygus pratensis (L.) adults during non-winterring period and overwinterring period, which implies the ecological adaptability to such changes as light and temperature.

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Mechanisms of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and Indole-3-acetic Acid in Plant Growth Ptomotion of Rahnella aquatilis HX2 JIAO Zi-wei;WEI Wan;LI Lei;ZHANG Xiang-feng;GUO Yan-bin 2017, 54(5): 907-917.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1343KB) ( )   [Objective] HX2 can biosynthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ).This study aims to focus on mechanisms of pyrroloquinoline quinone and indole-3-acetic acid in plant growth ptomotion of Rahnella aquatilis HX2.[Method]In this study, plant growth, nutrition absorption and root morphology of maize were analyzed by using tube and greenhouse experiments with the treatments of PQQ, IAA, HX2 and its derivative strains.[Result]Compared to the control, PQQ, IAA, and HX2 could significantly promote maize growth, including plant biomass (shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight), plant nutrient (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium), and in the three treatments, HX2 treatment showed more effects on the maize growth.MH15, which was disrupted by the pqq gene could not produce PQQ, the maize growth also could be promoted compared to control.However, the effect of MH15 was lower than that of HX2 and CMH15(pqq).In PQQ and IAA treatments, slender root length, middle root length, total root length and root surface area of maize were improved, and the root average diameter of maize was reduced compared to the control.In treatment of HX2, root surface area, total root length, thick root length, middle root length and slender root length of maize were improved and maize root system was elongated and coarsened compared to the control.[Conclusion]IAA and PQQ, as promoting factors in HX2, were involved in regulating action in enhancing plant biomass.Also it can improve nutrient intake and enhance root morphology of maize.

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Occurrence Generation and Preliminary Comparison of Population Dynamics of Cutworm (Agrotis segetum) in Xinjiang of China and in Tajikistan WANG Pan-pan;Abdusattor Saidov;Anvar Jalilov;Adili Wubier;Haliti Hashan;LIU Zhao-hai;MA Ying-jie;L(U) Zhao-zhi 2017, 54(5): 918-924.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1341KB) ( )   [Objective] In order to provide the effective control of Agrotis segetum in Tajikistan, the occurrence and population dynamics of A.segetum in Xinjiang and Tajikistan were compared and the potential reasons were discussed for the population succession and declination in Xinjiang, China.[Method]A.segetum moths were monitored by light traps in Shihezi (from 1980-2011) and Tajikistan (2014).The occurrence and population variation were analyzed according to the monitoring data.[Result]In Tajikistan, A.segetum developed 3-4 generations in a year and could be caught up to 90 individuals per light per night at the peak time.In most places of Xinjiang, A.segetum developed 3 generations yearly, in some parts of southern Xinjiang, it could develop 3-4 generations and while in few areas of northern Xinjiang it could develop 1-2 generations.At the peak timing, A.segetum could be caught less than 40 individuals per light per night, which indicated that A.segetum, were no longer the major insect pests in Xinjiang.[Conclusion]A.segetum can develop 1-2 generations more in Tajikstan than in Xinjiang.A.segetum can develop 3-4 generations per year in Tajikistan, while 3 generations yearly in most places of Xinjiang.A.segetum trapping moths in Tajikistan are far more than in Xinjiang region of China at the fastigium.

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Taxis Responses of Lygus pmtensis to 7 Different Host Plants 2017, 54(5): 925-930.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1140KB) ( )   [Objective] To make clear the taxis response of Lygus pmtensis to seven kinds of host plants.[Method]The taxis behavior of Lygus pmtensis to seven kinds of host plants was determined by Y-tube olfactometer and direct measurement.[Result]The selectivity of Lygus pmtensis on Chenopodium glaucum and Kochia prostrata was obviously higher than that of other five kinds of plants and selection response percentage were 64; and 63;, and the taxis degree reached significant level.The taxis degree on cotton was obviously higher than that on Brassica oleracea, Brassica chinensis and Convolvulus arvense and reached the significant level, selection response percentage were higer than 60;.There was no obvious difference between the cotton and Alfalfa.[Conclusion]Host plant volatiles play an important role in the selection of host plant Lygus pmtensis adult.

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Inhibitory Effect of 6 Kinds of Fungicides on Alfalfa Seed Carrying Pathogens and Its Seed Development WANG Hui;LI Ke-mei;WANG Li-li;FAN Jun-xing;Jianiya Qiereyazidan 2017, 54(5): 931-937.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1450KB) ( )   [Objective] The project aims to study the effects of different fungicides on the disinfection of alfalfa seeds and the growth of seedlings,which might provide the basis for the seed coating treatment and the prevention and control of germplasm.[Method]A total of six broad-spectrum fungicides,which were generally suitable for seed treatment,were used to isolate four kinds of fungi with high isolation rate and pathogenicity from alfalfa seeds,and the disinfecting effect of fungicides and their effects on seedling development research was conducted.[Result]80; carbendazim,75; chlorothalonil and 50; thiram had significant treatment effect on fungi carried by alfalfa seeds,and they all did not inhibit the seed development.[Conclusion]80; carbendazim,75; chlorothalonil and 50; thiram can be used as a key fungicide in alfalfa seed coating.

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Preliminary Study on Bacteriostasis of Lavender Essential Oil to Several Plant Pathogens LIU Fan;LI Min;GU Ai-xing;LI Ke-mei;FAN Jun-xing;Mayiguli Annati 2017, 54(5): 938-944.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1226KB) ( )   [Objective] To explore the antibacterial function of lavender essential oil and its antibacterial effect on plant pathogenic fungi in order to provide the basis for the development of natural antibacterial agents.[Method]The antibacterial activity of lavender essential oil was studied by the method of mycelial growth rate, which was applied to 6 plant pathogenic fungi.[Result]Under the volume fraction of 5 μL/mL, the lavender essential oil was treated with a total of 5 d, which had an inhibitory effect on cotton Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata and Alternaria solani(EllisetMartin)Jonesetgrout.The results showed that the content of the essential oil was 100;.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations showed that the inhibitory effects of lavender essential oil on 6 kinds of tested bacteria from strong to weak were cotton Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani(EllisetMartin)Jonesetgrout, Pyricularia oryzac Cavgra, Verticillium dahliae Kleb and Fusarium oxysporum.[Conclusion]Lavender essential oil has a good inhibitory effect on plant pathogenic fungi, so, good application potential will be found in pesticide application.

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Application Study of New Type Multiple Clamber Trough Solar Air Collector with Dual Collector Tubes in Urumqi Solar Greenhouse ZHANG Ming-xing;CHEN Chao;MA Cai-wen;JIANG Li-xing;ZHOU Ping;ZHANG Cai-hong 2017, 54(5): 945-952.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1409KB) ( )   [Objective] In order to improve the heat storage capacity of solar greenhouse, which guaranteed the thermal environment within the greenhouse.[Method]This study proposed a new type multiple clamber trough solar air collector with dual collector tubes, combined with a solar greenhouse back wall to form active-passive wall system, which was applied in Urumqi Solar Greenhouse.The experiment was carried out to investigate the feasibility and application effects of the collector.[Result]The results showed that: when the collector length is 16m and the air velocity inside the single concentrator is 2.5 m/s, the outlet temperature of the collector could reach 75℃ and the collector efficiency could reach 50;;The heat collecting system could provide solar thermal energy about 2,400 MJ for solar greenhouse by active heat storage of the wall during the winter test period.[Conclusion]This study can provide a reference for the popularization and application of the collector.

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Changes of Soil Nutrients in Different Degradation Stages of Alpine Steppe in Bayanbulak Ayimin Bolati;AN Sha-zhou;DONG Yi-qiang;ZHANG Ai-ning;YANG Jiao 2017, 54(5): 953-960.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1130KB) ( )   [Objective] This project aims to study the soil physicochemical properties of degraded alpine grassland and soil nutrient characteristics in Bayinbuluk in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for rational utilization of grassland degradation.[Method]Using conventional soil physical and chemical detection method to analyze soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, soil moisture and bulk density index in Bayanbulak degraded grassland.[Result]With degradation degree aggravated, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and soil water content in the different layers of soil (0-30 cm) declined, but soil bulk density and pH showed a trend of increase.Compared with non degraded areas, the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and soil water decreased between 25.22;-31.96;, 37.69;-48.44;, 28.00;-28.98;, 35.53;-52.47;, 33.89;-44.84; and 35.44;-57.62; in each soil layer (0-30 cm).The available potassium in the soil layer of 20-30 cm increased remarkably after heavy degradation, which was 1.96 times higher than that of the non degraded land.Total K content showed no significant difference (P>0.05).[Conclusion]Soil nutrient contents decreased significantly in different alpine grasslands in Bayanbulak.

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Effects of Grazing Exclusion Times on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in Degraded Seriphidium transiliense Desert DONG Yi-qiang;AN Sha-zhou;SUN Zong-jiu;YANG Jing 2017, 54(5): 961-968.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1346KB) ( )   [Objective] This project aims to reveal the response of desert organic carbon storage and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen to grazing exclusion times in order to provide scientific basis for restoration, management and utilization of degraded desert.[Method]The method of spatial sequence instead of the time series was used, and the soil organic carbon storage (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) under different grazing exclusion times (1 a, 4 a and 11 a) in degraded desert of Seriphidium transiliense were studied.[Result]The results showed that: (1) The SOC in grazing exclusion area in 0-30 cm layer decreased by 13.3;-24.3; compared with the freely grazing area, but the SOC in 0-10 cm layer decreased at first and then increased with grazing exclusion times increased.(2) With the increase of grazing exclusion times, the MBC storage in 0-30 cm layer decreased at first and then increased, but the MBN storage was not significantly different for grazing exclusion (P>0.05), and the MBC could be used as an early indicator to measure the recovery of degraded desert.[Conclusion]Short-term grazing exclusion is not effective to recover the soil of S.transiliense desert but the long-term grazing exclusion can effectively improve soil quality.In a word, grazing exclusion was the most economical and convenient way to recover the degraded desert.

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Study on Grassland Eco-economic Function Regionalization in Manas River Basin ZHANG Qing-qing;YU Hui;AN Sha-zhou;Tuerxunnayi Reyimu;JING Chang-qing 2017, 54(5): 969-977.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1447KB) ( )   [Objective] According to grassland productivity and ecosystem service functions, this project aims to carry out the ecological function regionalization of grassland in Manas River Basin in the hope of providing basis for optimization and utilization of regional grassland resources in the area.[Method]According to eco-economic property, significance of ecological service value and characteristics of seasonal grazing utilization, regulation mechanism of classified management and utilization was established based on dominant function and spatial and temporal pattern by using interpreted data of remote sensing image and monitoring data of vegetation investigation.[Result](1) On the basis of grassland productivity indexes, temperate desert(sandy desert), temperate steppe desert, temperate meadow steppe belonged to the lowest level and mountain meadow and alpine meadow and temperate desert belonged to the highest level.(2) The most important function of ecosystem services was mainly alpine meadow and mountain meadow.(3) Ecological service function could be divided into three types: ecological protection zone (44.0;) that included temperate meadow steppe, mountain meadow and temperate desert (sandy desert), the largest area: the economic functional region that accounted for 48.1;, including temperate desert steppe, alpine meadow, temperate desert and temperate steppe desert, and temperate steppe, which could be utilized as mixed functional region.This region covered a small area, accounting for 7.9;.[Conclusion]Different types of grassland productivity and ecological service function value are different, therefore, the function of ecosystem services and economic development should be taken into comprehensive consideration so that reasonable utilization of the grassland can be achieved.