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20 April 2018, Volume 55 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Characteristics and Pedigree Analysis of Main Cultivated Varieties of Xinjiang Sea-Island Cotton (G.barbadense L.) 2018, 55(4): 589-600.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1867KB) ( )   【Objective】 To fully understand the performance of Xinjiang island cotton varieties, explore its genetic basis, and provide support for further utilization of resources.【Method】From 2013 to 2016 years, 58 varieties of Xinjiang island cotton were identified by continuously centralized planting in the same ecological area, their characteristics and genealogical relationships were studied.【Result】The incidence of Fusarium Wilt with coefficient variation (CV) was higher in different varieties, and reached 89.2%. The fruit spur type was 48.6%, plant height (13.0%), first sympodial branch section (15.0%), boll number (18%), (10.7%) fiber strength and fiber yellowness (11.0%) coefficient of variation were higher, and other characteristics were lower (＜10%). In addition to the 4 varieties of early bred cultivars, the varieties developed in different periods were of zero-type branch type. The average plant height, boll weight, seed index, fiber length and specific strength increased year by year. After 2010s, their growth was more rapid, 13.4and 9.7and 8.1and 5.5 and 9.8 faster respectively than those of the varieties of 2000s. The disease resistance to Fusarium wilt was significantly increased, lint percentage increased slowly and the floc color turned white. In recent years, the boll period of the main cultivar increased slightly, the number of bolls per plant and boll weight increased, and the disease resistance became stronger. From the pedigree point of view, the varieties of Xinjiang island cotton were mainly derived from the Egyptian type in Central Asia, in which 8763И, 5230Ф and 2И3, 9122И were mainly used to improve the varieties in Turpan Basin and Tarim Basin, respectively. The injection of breakthrough intermediate materials in different periods was the basis for the improvement of fiber quality and resistance of Xinjiang island cotton. The results of cluster analysis were consistent with pedigree analysis. 【Conclusion】The main economic characters of the varieties bred in Xinjiang Island Cotton in the past 10 years have increased rapidly, especially in the improvement of boll weight, fiber quality and disease resistance. The mainstay parents of bred varieties mainly come from the countries of Central Asia,with narrow genetic basis in their early varieties, but the genetic background of 2010s varieties is complicated. On the premise of high quality, high efficiency and sustainability, island breeding in the future should seek further ways to expand resource sources, tap germplasm potential, enrich variety types, and provide support for the development of island cotton industry of island cotton in Xinjiang.

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Effects of Irrigation Frequencies on Dry Matter Accumulation and Water Use Efficiency of Cotton 2018, 55(4): 601-608.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1177KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to determine the effect of different irrigation frequencies on cotton growth and yield under drip irrigation.【Method】Under the irrigation quota of 4,650 m3/hm2, 5 irrigation frequencies of irrigation (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 times/d, among which 6 d/ times was CK) were set to analyze the effects of irrigation frequencies on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield during cotton growth and development peiods.【Result】The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter, the distribution rate of assimilates to reproductive organs and the number of flowering and bolls were higher, which was beneficial to increasing the yield and water use efficiency of seed cotton. 【Conclusion】Under the conventional irrigation quota of 4,650 m3/hm2, the high frequency irrigation of 3 d / time could increase the dry matter accumulation of cotton, and benefit the yield of seed cotton and the increase of water use efficiency.

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Population Structure and Yield of Drip Irrigation Spring Wheat 2018, 55(4): 609-617.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1297KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to study the dynamics and rules of source sink characteristics and yield formation of spring wheat in drip irrigation under nitrogen-fixing cultivation and to propose a stable and high-yielding population structure control index in order to seek the best nitrogen application rate.【Method】Five nitrogen fertilizers gradients were set up in this experiment: Xinchun 31 (high pole) and Xinchun 6 (short pole), 300 kg/hm2 (N1) and 275 kg/hm2, 250 kg/hm2 (N3), 225 kg/hm2 (N4) and no nitrogen fertilizer (N5).【Result】The results showed that the quality of 275 kg/hm2 (N2) and 250 kg/hm2 (N3) populations was the best under the treatments of N application and Xinchun 6, The rate of LAI at the booting stage reached 7.7 and 6.8, respectively, and the ratio of grain number to leaf and grain weight to leaf also reached 4,215.8 seeds/m2, 199 g/m2 and 4,233.2 seeds/m2, 203.9 g/m2. The contribution rate of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation to yield also reached 75.04% and 75.52% respectively. The highest yield of N2 was obtained in New Year 31, which was 3.5%-37.7% higher than that of other treatments. The highest yield of N3 was obtained in Xinchun 6, which increased by 2.5%-33.5% compared with other treatments. Through the path analysis of yield components, the combination of 1,000-grain weight and grain number per spike had the greatest effect on the yield of Xinchun 31 and Xinchun 6, respectively, with coefficients of 0.755,9 and 0.525,2. After the nitrogen application rate and the yield were fitted, it was found that the yield reached the highest when the nitrogen application rates reached 286 and 258 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】In this experiment, nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 300 kg/hm2 (N1) in high-yield nitrogen crops in wheat fields in Xinjiang. The results showed that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the treatment of Xinchun 31 was 275 kg/hm2(N2). Xinchun 6 was 250 kg/hm2(N3) significantly improved the wheat population structure. Therefore, it can be shown that appropriate reduction of nitrogen can optimize population structure to achieve high yield, but for different types of varieties, nitrogen application rates suitable for local cultivation conditions should be selected.

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Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Control of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat 2018, 55(4): 618-626.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1355KB) ( )   【Objective】 To discuss the optimal combination of water and fertilizer and provide the theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of winter wheat and the measures of saving water and fertilizer by designing two factors and four levels of split area and regulating and controlling the amount of fertilizer and irrigation.【Method】The experiment was conducted with Xindong No.36 as the test material. Under the condition of field drip irrigation, four fertilizer rates of 0 kg / hm2 (N0), 375 kg / hm2 (N1) , 450 kg / hm2 (N2) and 525 kg / hm2 (N3) were set; Four irrigation gradients were: 3,450 m3 / hm2 (W1), 4,200 m3 / hm2 (W2) , 4,950 m3 / hm2 (W3), 5,700 m3 / hm2 (W4). Through the study of dry matter, leaf area index and yield traits, the effects of water and fertilizer on the growth of wheat were revealed.【Result】Under the same amount of fertilizer, increasing irrigation volume significantly increased dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and yield. The accumulation of dry matter increased rapidly and slowly from jointing stage to filling stage. Logistic equation fitting showed that dry matter accumulated rapidly from 5-7 d after jointing stage, after 35-45 d, it turned to slow accumulation. The rapid accumulation time of N2W2 was the earliest and the maximum accumulation rate was higher. Leaf area index (LAI) reached the maximum at booting stage and gradually decreased at later stage. N2W3 treatment increased rapidly from jointing to booting stage, and increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount. The final yield was N2 > N3 > N1 > N0, and the highest yield was 9,848.13 kg/hm2 for N2W3 treatment. There was no significant difference with N2W2 treatment. The effect of water and fertilizer interaction on panicle number and yield was very significant (P < 0.01), and had significant effect on grain number per ear (P < 0.05), but had no significant correlation with 1,000-grain weight.【Conclusion】In conclusion, the fertilization amount is 450 kg/hm2 and irrigation volume is 4,200 m3 / hm2, that is, N2W2 treatment is the optimal combination of high yield and water and fertilizer saving.

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Physiological Response Mechanism of Corn Seedlings under Salt Stress 2018, 55(4): 627-634.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1325KB) ( )   【Objective】 The identification of salt tolerance in maize inbred lines and hybrids is of great significance for breeding new varieties of salt-tolerant maize. In order to effectively analyze the response of maize inbred lines and hybrids under salt stress and to analyze the heterosis contribution of inbred lines, it is necessary to study the salt tolerance and heterosis performance of maize in-depth.【Method】The maize inbred lines B73, GEMS46 and B73×GEMS46F1 were used as testing materials to evaluate their salt tolerance. The trend and final difference of physiological indexes of inbred lines and hybrids under salt-tolerant conditions were analyzed and compared, thus reducing the contribution of inbred lines to heterosis under salt stress.【Result】The results showed that the treatment of 150 mmol/L NaCl in 3-leaf and 1-heart corn plants was a reasonable concentration. The fresh weight and dry weight of plant and Na+ and K+ content was criteria indicator. After salt treatment, the relative conductivity and H2O2 content of salt-tolerant inbred lines had the same trend as that of hybrids, and the response of salt-tolerant inbred lines and hybrids to salt stress was rapid. The accumulation of Na+ in salt tolerance inbred and hybrid was stronger than those of the sensitive inbred lines. In the process of breeding new salt-tolerant maize varieties, the response speed of maize inbred lines to salt stress and the content of Na+, K+ ions in the plants were analyzed synthetically. The salt-tolerant cross combinations could be quickly selected by using salt-tolerant inbred lines as parents. 【Conclusion】During the breeding of new salt-tolerant maize varieties the response speed to salt stress and the content of Na+, K+ in seeding stage of maize inbred lines were comprehensivery analyzed by using salt-toleant inbred lines as parents which can be quickly screened Salt out of the hybrid combination.

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The Compensatory Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Period on the Photosynthetic Substances Production and Yield of Sugar Beet under Different Irrigation Amounts DONG Xin-jiu, YANG Hong-ze, ZHOU Jian-chao, GAO Wei-shi, ZHANG Li-ming, LI Si-zhong, SHI Hong-liang, LIU Jun 2018, 55(4): 635-646.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1288KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application period on sugar beet net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Er), dry matter accumulation, yield and quality, irrigation water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity under different irrigation amount in order to provide scientific theoretical basis for the efficient use of water and fertilizer of sugar beet in arid area.【Method】The design of split plot experiment was adopted in the test. Two irrigation quotas were used in the main area and five nitrogen application periods were used in the deputy area. The total amount of pure nitrogen was the same as 120 kg/hm2.【Result】Under the same nitrogen fertilizer application period treatment, with the decrease of irrigation amount, the Pn, the Er, the stem and leaf dry weight, the root dry weight, the total dry weight, the root weight, the yield and sugar yield (except N4 treatment) and nitrogen partial factor productivity were decreased, the sugar content, the yield increase rate, the irrigation water use efficiency and the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency were improved in sugar beet. Under the same irrigation amount treatment, with the postponing of nitrogen fertilizer application period, the above indexes increased first and then decreased, and the optimal compensation index was N4 treatment. Compared with 5,850 m3/hm2 irrigation quota, the compensation index for peak value of each index of beet under 4,650 m3/hm2 irrigation quota was increased by -1.6%-27.5%.【Conclusion】The reasonable water and nitrogen management mode in the sugarbeet production area of Northern Xinjiang was as follows: irrigation quota 4650 m3/hm2, nitrogen fertilizer base application 1 or 2 times in mid-July.

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Effects of Dehydration Methods on the Metabolism and Quality of Coreless White Grape Phenols XIAO Chao-nan, BAI Yu-jia, CHEN Xue, ZHANG Si-bo, Gulinigel Yusanjiang, HUANG Wen-shu 2018, 55(4): 647-654.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1259KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of different dehydration methods on the metabolism of phenols and quality characteristics of non-nucleation white raisins.【Method】Xinjiang non-nucleation white grape was used as the experimental material, and two methods of dry treatment, natural shade drying and oven drying, were adopted. Samples were collected at a mass reduction of 10% to determine the amphetamines of fruits in the dehydration process of different drying methods, changes in acid-lyase (PAL) content, cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumar-coenzyme A ligase (4CL), flavonoids, and total phenolic content.【Result】The results showed that the content of total phenols and flavonoids decreased in the drying process of natural shade drying and oven drying in the range of 0-60% of mass loss rate. The natural shade dry treatment enhanced the activity of PAL enzyme in the mass loss rate of 15%. Both natural shade drying and oven drying could enhance the activity of C4H and 4CL enzymes to varying degrees.【Conclusion】By studying the relationship between the browning degree and the phenolic substances in the dehydration process of the seedless white grape, we know that the hot air drying treatment has a certain inhibitory effect on the browning of the seedless white grape.

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Effects of Different LED Light Compensation Modes on Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings under Low Light Condition HAN Wen, GUO Peng-fei, ZHANG Kun, DIAO Ming 2018, 55(4): 655-663.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1678KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different light compensation patterns on the growth index and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato seedlings in greenhouses with the low light.【Method】Three different ways of light supplementation: CK: natural light condition; T1: 8 h discontinuous compensation of light 07: 00-11:00: 19:00-23:00 extension of morning and evening supplementation mode; T2: 12 h continuous supplemental sunlight 07: 00-19: 00 auxiliary sunlight supplement mode to exert effects pm the growth of tomato seedlings in facilities.【Result】Discontinuous illumination 8h, extension of light supply in the morning and evening (07:00-11:00, 19:00-23:00), namely, breaking the darkness under natural light condition (07:00-19:00) increased the leaf area of tomato seedlings by 16.17%, accelerated the growth rate of leaf area, significantly raised the accumulation of dry matter by 23.39%, the photosynthetic ability of tomato seedlings was increased about 22.22%, and the index of strong seedling increased remarkably.【Conclusion】Breaking the 3-4 h darkness improves seedling quality, reduced energy consumption and saved energy, which might be the optimal treatment.

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Soluble Sugar Accumulation and Related Enzyme Activity in the Fruits of Korla Fragrant Pear Aishajiang Maimaiti, ZHANG Xiao-li, MEI Chuang, MA Kai, YAN Peng,WANG Ji-xun 2018, 55(4): 664-673.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1427KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to explore the sugar accumulation patterns and enzyme activities in sugar metabolism during fruit development.【Method】15 years old Korla fragrant pear (Pyrus brestschneideri Rehd) trees were used as material to analyze the variation of the major soluble sugar contents and related enzyme activities in sugar metabolism.【Result】Results showed that at early stage, sorbitol was the main component of soluble sugars accounting for more than 50% of total soluble sugars, and the proportion of sobitol tended to decrease along with the development of young fruits. However, the proportion of fructose, glucose and sucrose rose slowly at the later stage, and the fructose content surpassed the sorbitol to become the main sugar in the fruit. In the ripening stage, total soluble sugar contents increased to 16.16%, and fructose, sorbitol, glucose and sucrose contents accounted for 38.7%, 24.7%, 22.0% and 14.4% of total sugar content, respectively. The activities of acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) were relatively low at early stage and increased strongly with fruit development. The sucrose synthase activity (SS) reduced at the early stage, and increased gradually at the later period. SPS activity increased slowly during the early stage of fruit growth,but showed a steep rise afterwards when sucrose accumulated sharply at the ripening stage. Variation trends of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and sorbitol oxidase (SOX) activities were basically the same, decreased at the early stage and then increased at the later stage. 【Conclusion】In the process of fruit development, the accumulation of total soluble sugar is mainly influenced by sorbitol, sucrose, glucose and fructose have little contribution to the total soluble sugar. Sorbitol is the main component of soluble sugars at early stage, However, at the ripening stage, fructose content surpassed the sorbitol to become the main sugar in the fruit.

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Study on the Cold Resistance of F1 Generation Korla Fragrant Pear × Hesejujuli Ablah Niyaz, LI Chao-hai, ZHANG Shi-kui, Amangul Osman, TANG Zhang-hu, DONG Sheng-li 2018, 55(4): 674-681.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1628KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to understand the cold resistance of two parents and their effects on offspring and provide a theoretical basis for breeding cold resistance of Korla pear hybrids.【Method】Using 3 year old F1 generation of Korla fragrant pear × Hesejujuli and its parent group as the research object, the electrolyte leakage rate, soluble sugar content, free proline content, MDA content, SOD activity and the recovery germination rate were determined after the annual dormant shoots were treated under different artificial low temperature stress. 【Result】The electrolyte leakage rate, MDA content, soluble sugar content, free proline content of three group annual dormancy branch increased gradually following with the temperature decreased, then remained stable or declined slightly; the SOD activity increased gradually as the temperature decreased, and got the peak at semi lethal temperature (LT50), and then it goes down rapidly. The branches germination rate decreased gradually following with the temperature decreased, which were no longer germination when the temperature exceeds the -33℃. In the three group branches, the annual dormant branches of male parent Hesejujuli showing strong cold resistance that the electrolytic leakage rate and MDA content were the lowest, and the soluble sugar, free proline content, germination rate and SOD activity were the highest. The cold resistance of the male parent Hesejujuli and of the F1 generation Korla Fragrant Pear × Hesejujuli shows stronger than that of female parent Korla Fragrant Pear, in which the cold resistance of F1 generation a little weaker than that of Hesejujuli. 【Conclusion】The male parent with strong cold resistance can greatly improve the cold resistance of the hybrid progeny.

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Studies on Characteristics of Root Distribution of Juglans nigra L. SONG Feng-hui,LUO Da,LI Jia-cheng,SHI Yan-jiang 2018, 55(4): 682-687.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1326KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the distribution characteristics of black walnut root in soil, and provide a theoretical basis for the efficient management of the water and fertilizer.【Method】5a black walnut was used as a test material, the biomass density, root surface area density and total root length of root system in different soil layers were analyzed by means of soil excavation and stratified sampling and the plant image analysis system and the drying weighing method.【Result】The root biomass density, root surface area density and total root length density showed a decreasing trend in the vertical and horizontal direction. In the vertical distribution, the deepest vertical distribution of the root system reached the soil layer of 150 cm. 0-70 cm layer area was the main one of the vertical distribution of root, the root system biomass accounted for 85.45% of the total vertical distribution. The maximum value of root surface area density and total root length density were distributed in the soil layer of 0-10 cm, which were 17.66 mm2/cm3 and 0.34 cm/cm3, respectively. In the horizontal direction, the farthest distribution of the horizontal distribution was above 120 cm, the distance between the tree trunk and 0-80 cm was the main area of the distribution of root biomass. The root biomass accounted for 93.98% of the total level of distribution. The maximum root surface area density and root length density were distributed in the soil layer 0-20 cm from the tree trunk, which were 0.12 cm/cm3 and 0.43 cm/cm3, respectively.【Conclusion】5 years old black walnut root system vertical deepest distribution reached 150 cm soil layer, horizontal distribution of the farthest distribution reached 120 cm. The root distribution of black walnut was mainly located in the area of 0-80 cm from the trunk, and the area of 70 cm deep is the main area of root distribution of black walnut, and the soil layer should be the key area of fertilizer and water management 70 cm deep. This soil layer should be regarded as the key area for the management of fertilizer and water.

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of Cold Resistance Genes in Lepidium apetalum ZHANG Na, HU Xin, FU Dai-hui, DING Jin-peng, LI Qun 2018, 55(4): 689-696.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1673KB) ( )   【Objective】 Our previous studies of Lepidium apetalum Willd. showed that it could tolerate a certain degree of low temperature stress during germination and seedling growth. To further explore the mechanisms of cold tolerance in Lepidium apetalum, we cloned two key genes of cold resistance signal pathway named LaCBF3 and LaCOR15a and analyzed their expression patterns responded to abiotic stress.【Method】LaCBF3 and LaCOR15a genes were cloned by PCR method from cDNA of cold induced leaves of Lepidium plants using degenerate primers.【Result】The conservative regions of cloned 442 bp LaCBF3 and 405 bp LaCOR15a gene fragments had 84.38% and 81.8% similarity to Arabidopsis thaliana CBF3 gene and COR15a gene respectively. Semi quantitative RT-PCR showed that the LaCOR15a gene responded to low temperature stress as well as drought, salt and ABA treatment, while LaCBF3 only responded to low temperature stress rapidly in Lepidium seedlings. 【Conclusion】LaCBF3 and LaCOR15a play important regulatory roles in responding to low temperature in Lepidium apetalum during germination and seedling growth. Besides, LaCOR15a gene also responds to other abiotic stress such as drought, salt as well as ABA treatment.

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Analysis on Factors of Medicinal Resources Elaeagnus gum Production WANG Guo-ping, Nuermaimaiti Abudukelimu, Aghiakbar Aisha 2018, 55(4): 697-702.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1088KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of germplasm source, producing place and environmental factors on the gum yield and polysaccharide content of E. oxycarpa, E. angustifolia and E. angustifolia var.orientalis.【Method】To investigate Elaeagnus L. different populations in Xinjiang, collected Elaeagnus gum and measured the yield, extracted the polysaccharides of gum and calculated the content. The field investigation of medicinal resources of Elaeagnus L. in Xinjiang was carried out, the Elaeagnus gum was collected, the gum production rate was calculated, the polysaccharides in Elaeagnus gum were extracted and the content was calculated. 【Result】The results showed that there was no significant difference in yield and polysaccharide content among different germplasm source(P>0.05, P=0.173). The correlation between producing area and gum yield was significant(P=0.003, P=0.019, P=0.011), low latitude area was higher than high latitude area, while the polysaccharides content and producing area was not significantly different(P=0.051). Among ecological factors, the lower the elevation, the longer the frost-free period, the higher the annual average temperature and the higher the gum yield (P < 0.05), while the content of polysaccharides had no significant correlation with ecological factors (P > 0.05).【Conclusion】According to the research results, it is suggested to popularize the plant Elaeagnus trees in the lower altitude of the plains and in the south of Tianshan Mountains to promote Elaeagnus gum industry development.

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Content and Primary Speciation Analysis of Ten Trace Elements in Lycium of Jinhe County, Xinjiang LUO Jian-min, HU Rong-bo 2018, 55(4): 703-711.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1315KB) ( )   【Objective】 Based on the medicinal value of Lycium barbarum, the contents and primary speciation of ten kinds of macro and trace elements in Jinghe wolfberry, Xinjiang, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). 【Method】Water soluble、suspended, organic and inorganic states in extract solution were separated by 0.45 μm filter membrane and D101 macroporous adsorption resin. Water decoction residues were extracted by acetone and hydrochloric acid successively and the contents of the ten elements in different states were determined by ICP-MS.【Result】The relative standard deviation of ten elements of Mg , Zn , Ca , Fe , Cu , Mn , As , Se , Cd and Pb of the ten kinds of elements in the Jinghe Fructus Lycii was between 20.5% and 47.8% , and the relative standard deviation of them was 0.12%-1.25% ; The recovery rate was 84.60%-106.1%.【Conclusion】The study of this work has certain significance for the establishment of detection method and the determination of the form and medicinal value of macro and trace elements in Jinghe wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.).

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Control Benefit Evaluation of Predatory Natural Enemies of Pyrausta nubilalis YIN Peng, DING Xin-hua, FU Kai-yun, Tursun Ahmat, HE Jiang, GUO Wen-chao 2018, 55(4): 712-718.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1056KB) ( )   【Objective】 The predatory natural enemies of 3 kinds of corn borer predatory response to the eggs of corn borer and 1, 2, 3 years of age were studied to provide scientific basis for the sustainable prevention and control of harmful organisms in maize fields.【Method】The 3 instar larvae of pinychus cineriaris, the new arboretum, and the 3 larvae of Chrysopa sinica were combined with the eggs of the Pyrausta nubilalis and the 1, 2 and 3 instar larvae of the Pyrausta nubilalis, respectively, after the treatment of starvation, the amount of food was measured after 24 h.【Result】The functional responses of the 3 dominant natural enemies to the larvae of the corn borer of each age were Holling-II, namely, the predatory capacity of the natural enemy and the density of the prey were negative acceleration curves. The 3 instar larvae of Chrysopa sinica had the strongest control ability to the corn borer. The maximum 24 h predation of the larvae of 1, 2 and 3 instar was 353.32, 53.98 and 17.42 respectively. The maximum predation rate for 24 hours was 251.03 eggs.【Conclusion】The 3 instar larvae of Chrysopa sinica have good control potential for the Pyrausta nubilalis. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect and utilize the predatory natural enemies in the corn fields, which is of great significance to control the occurrence and damage of Pyrausta nubilalis.

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Study on Control Efficacy of Several Acaricides to Tetranychid Mite in the Sugar Beet Fields YANG An-pei,ZHANG Hang,BAI Wei-wei,TIAN Ming-zhao,YE Xin-yu, LI Guang-kuo,WANG Suo-lao 2018, 55(4): 719-725.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1136KB) ( )   【Objective】 The test aims to screen out several acaricides which can control tetranychid mite effectively in the sugar beet fields.【Method】A randomized block test was used to investigate the number of tetranychid mite in each plot with seven insecticide treatments and one clear water control. The efficacy of field spraying was investigated by spot sampling on the 3 rd day and 7 rd day after the treatment, the number of tetranychus mites in each treatment area was investigated and the efficacy in controlling tetranychus mites was evaluated.【Result】Seven days after the treatment, the control efficacy to tetranychid mite of 22% avermectin and spirodiclofen SC 4,000 times, 25% azocyclotin WP 10,000 times, 10% avermectin WG 1,500 times, 73% propargite EC 2,000 times and 240 g/L spirodiclofen SC 4,000 times reached up to 93.35%, 93.51%, 93.38%, 91.80% and 89.87%.【Conclusion】5 kinds of acaricides were screened out, which had better control efficacy to tetranychid mite in the sugar beet fields, and their control efficacy was over 89.87% after 7 d. These acaricides are safe to beets and can be used for rotation in the control of sugar beet tetranychid mite.

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Effects of Reclamation on the Composition and Structure of Soil Bacterial Communities in Abandoned Salinized Farmland YANG Lei, ZHANG Yu-long, JIANG Tong-xuan, ZHANG Feng-hua 2018, 55(4): 726-736.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1338KB) ( )   【Objective】 Abandoned salinized land in Xinjiang of China is being reclaimed for cotton production. The effect of reclamation on soil quality and function was obtained by comparing the changes of soil bacterial communities before and after reclamation.【Method】The specific objectives of this field study were: (1) to compare bacterial composition and diversity in unfarmed (i.e., unreclaimed) and cropped soils and (2) to explore the specific functions of the flora identified by Illumina MiSeq sequencing.【Result】Reclamation significantly reduced soil EC and available K, and significantly increased SOM, available N, and available P. Bacterial species richness and diversity increased when abandoned farmland was reclaimed for cotton production. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in unfarmed soil. Reclamation reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes, but increased the contents of Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Cluster analyses showed that there was a significant difference in the bacterial community between the abandoned farmland and the cultivated land after the reclamation.【Conclusion】In general, cotton production after reclamation improved soil physical and chemical properties and changed the structure and composition of soil bacterial communities compared with unfarmed soil.

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Experimental Study on Alfalfa Leaf Area Index with Different Irrigation Treatments in Cold and Arid Regions CAO Biao, BAI Yun-gang, CHEN Jun-ke, XIAO Jun 2018, 55(4): 737-745.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1385KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the variation law of alfalfa leaf area index, and discuss the effects of irrigation cycle and irrigation quota on alfalfa leaf area index in different growth stages.【Method】In 2016, field experiments were carried out under the condition of shallow drip irrigation and the leaf area index of alfalfa was measured by LAI-2200C plant canopy analyzer in different growth stages. The canopy growth model of alfalfa under full irrigation was fitted through self-defining function fitting.【Result】The performance of the canopy growth model was LAI=0.978/(1+exp(5.96-0.271 t+0.002 t2))under suitable irrigation conditions. The fitting model was tested and the correlation coefficient between the measured value and the simulated value was 0.96, and the average absolute error was 0.372, the results showed that the fitting model had good simulation effect on leaf area index under suitable irrigation conditions, and could provide theoretical basis for canopy variation under high yield cultivation of alfalfa.【Conclusion】The alfalfa leaf area index showed a slow growing, rapid growing and slow declining trend. The alfalfa leaf area index growth model under full irrigation can be fitted through the modified Logistic function, which has good prediction effect for leaf area index under suitable irrigation conditions.

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Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Population and Desert Community Characteristics of Seriphidium borotalalense JIN Xi, DONG Yi-qiang, AN Sha-zhou 2018, 55(4): 746-753.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1299KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aim to explore the response of the population and desert community quantitative characteristics to grazing exclusion, and make clear its dynamic changes in different growth periods in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the scientific grassland management.【Method】The important value of eco-economic categories, population and desert community characteristics of Seriphidium borotalalense after grazing exclusion four years in different growth periods (May, July and September) were measured by using the field investigation sampling method.【Result】(1) The important values of semi shrub and perennial herbs in May and July in response to grazing exclusion were not significant, but in grazing exclusion areas, they were significantly higher and lower than grazing areas' 6.5%, 93.8% in September (P<0.05); (2) Compared with the grazing area, population height significantly was increased by 23.1% in July, the coverage of population and community were significantly increased by 43.9% and 57% respectively, and their biomass were significantly increased by 119.9% and 51%.【Conclusion】Short-term grazing exclusion can increase coverage and biomass of population and desert community of S. borotalalense in initial grazing period, thus improving the quality of grassland.

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Using Heart Rate Variability Index to Monitor Yili Horse Warm-up Effect and Competition Performance CHENG Jie, MENG Jun, ZENG Ya-qi, YAO Xin-kui, WANG Jian-wen, WU Jin-qiu, DONG Jian-rong, Xinbielike, Baheibaoer 2018, 55(4): 754-762.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1169KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study aims to explore the characteristics of HRV (Heart Rate Variability) before competition in Yili horses and to provide theoretical basis for assessing the optimal state and competitive performance of Yili horses before competition.【Method】Seven Yili horses were selected and six test races were conducted. Indicators of the HRV were collected before and after the warm-up. The difference of each index before and after warm-up and its correlation with competition achievement were analyzed.【Result】The lowest R-R interval, average R-R interval, highest R-R interval, and PNN50 after the warm-up of Yili horse were highly lower than that before warm-up (P<0.01), and Lfnu was significantly lower than that before warm-up (P<0.05); VLF was highly higher than that before warm-up (P<0.01), TP was significantly higher than that before warm-up (P<0.05). The time domain indicators SDNN before warm-up, RMSSD and PNN50 were closely correlated with the competition results (P<0.01), and the frequency domain indicators TP, Hfnu, LF, Lfnu, VLF, LF/HF were highly correlated with the competition results (P<0.01). The non-linear indicators SD1 and SD2 were highly associated with competition results (P<0.01). After the warm-up, the time domain indicators SDNN and RMSSD were significantly related to the performance (P<0.05); the frequency domain indicators TP and LF were significantly correlated with the competition results (P<0.05); the nonlinear index SD1 was significantly related to the competition results (P<0.05).【Conclusion】The vagal nerve activity of horses before and after the warm-up of the 1,000 m test race is predominant , which is the main factor affecting the competitive state of the Yili horse. Therefore, the change in HRV index is an effective index to evaluate the competitive status of Yili horses, which can provide theoretical basis for the adjustment of best competitive state before the competition.

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Effects of Chinese Herbal Compound Polysaccharides on Immune Functions during the Brood Incubation Period in Different MHC B-Lβ II Genotype of Laying Hens LIU Xiao-ting, LUO Yan, CHEN Jie, LIAN Ke-xun, LIU Gang, MA Zhao, ZHU Xiao-qing, GU Xin-li 2018, 55(4): 763-773.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1246KB) ( )   【Objective】 This experiment aims to study the effects of intramuscular injection of compound polysaccharides on immune organs, blood routine indexes and the GM-CSF, G-CSF mass fraction in different MHC B-Lβ II genotype of laying hens.【Method】500 chickens were divided into three groups according to different genotypes by PCR-SSCP method. The genotypes were divided into high, medium and low dose Chinese herbal compound polysaccharide group and blank control group. Each group of the testing chickens were intramuscularly injected with 50 mg / mL, 25 mg / mL, 12.5 mg / mL Chinese herbal compound polysaccharide and saline, 0.2 mL / day for 7 days. At the age of 21, 35 and 49 days, 5 chickens were randomly selected from each group to measure the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius viscera index, and blood samples were collected to measure the blood routine indexes and the changes of granulocyte colony stimulating factor G-CSF and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor GM-CSF.【Result】The high, medium and low dose polysaccharides had certain effects on immune organs, blood routine indexes and GM-CSF in different genotype chickens, but the effects of different dosage polysaccharides on the same index of different genotypes were different. Among them, the high and medium doses of traditional Chinese medicine compound polysaccharide could significantly improve the organ index of thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricius in AA genotype chickens, and low dose of traditional Chinese medicine compound polysaccharide could significantly improve the total number of white blood cells and lymphocytes. In the BB genotype chickens, the high and medium dose of traditional Chinese medicine compound polysaccharide could significantly improve the thymus and spleen index, but had no effect on blood routine indexes. In the BC genotype chickens, high dose of traditional Chinese medicine compound polysaccharide could significantly improve the thymus index, white blood cell count and lymphocyte count, and the medium dose of traditional Chinese medicine compound polysaccharide could significantly improve the total white blood cell count and lymphocyte count.【Conclusion】Different doses of traditional Chinese medicine compound polysaccharide can improve the immune organ index, some blood routine index and GM-CSF mass concentration of hens in different genotype groups, and in general, the immune effect of Chinese herbal compound polysaccharide with high and medium doses is better.

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Analysis on the Matching between Supply and Demand of Popularizing Agricultural Science and Technology in Xinjiang Different Agricultural Management Entities MIAO Hong-ping, DING Jian-guo 2018, 55(4): 774-784.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.04.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1395KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the equilibrium degree between demand and supply of technology extension in Xinjiang agricultural management entities, establish diversified agricultural technology extension system which will adapt to the development of the new agricultural operators, promote rural revitalization and modern agricultural development in Xinjiang.【Method】Based on the questionnaire survey data, this paper analyzed the types of technology supply and demand, the main body of science and technology extension, and the cognition of technology supply and demand of farmers' cooperatives and farmers by comparison method.【Result】Almost all kinds of agricultural extension technologies have basically the same supply and demand focus; Unmatched contradiction between supply and demand of extension technology was obvious; There was obvious unmatched contradiction between supply and demand in extension subjects with new agricultural operators as the main subjects of technical extension; It needed to strengthen the role of agricultural technology extension agencies supported by government; The ways and means of agricultural science and technology extension were more concentrated and could not meet the needs of all kinds of main management operators.【Conclusion】It will be helpful to enhance the level of agricultural management entities' agricultural technology extension in Xinjiang through establishing farmers demand feedback mechanism and the technical collaboration mechanism among technical supply subjects, increasing financial investment, promoting the platform construction for agricultural technology extension system and public service, as well as improving farmers' cultural quality of science and technology.