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20 May 2018, Volume 55 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on the Relationship between Maturity with Its High Related Agronomic Traits and Ecological Factors of Sea-island Cotton (Gossypium barbadense Linnaeus) KONG Jie, WANG Wei-ran, ZHANG Yan-hui, ZHU Jia-hui, YANG Jing, NING Xin-min, Alifu Aierxi, HUA Jin-ping 2018, 55(5): 785-796.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1371KB) ( )   【Objective】 The maturity of the island cotton is very different in different regions, which is a priority factor for selection of varieties. Understanding the characteristics of cotton maturity with its main related characters and ecological factors of the world sea-island cotton can provide reference for island cotton mature breeding and targeted introduction. 【Method】 218 island cotton varieties in the world were identified and analyzed by continuous centralized planting in the same ecological area from 2013 to 2016 and their maturity and related characters were studied.【Result】 The main agronomic characters of each material were comprehensively investigated, from which, we knew that the coefficient of variation resources in Asia was significantly higher than that in other regions, such as the type of fruit branch, the position of initial fruit node, the number of fruit branches and the number of bolls per plant. The coefficient of variation of resources in Asia was more than 20%. According to the characteristics of maturity, there were significant differences in the whole growth period and the growth stage among the materials, among which the variation in bud stage was the largest. The relationship between mature characters and main agronomic characters was compared. It was found that the whole growth stage, bud stage, flowering and boll stage were all related to the type of fruit branch, the first fruit branch was highly positively correlated with the node position, The growth period of fruit-branch type of type 0 and I was shorter while that of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ was longer. According to the comparison and classification of maturity characteristics, it is found that the maturation of Egyptian material was higher than that of American material and the American type was higher than that of the central Asian country material, Xinjiang Tarim Basin material and Tajik, Turkmenistan are close to each other. Further analysis showed that the maturity of materials from different regions was significantly negatively correlated with latitude and altitude of breeding land, and positively correlated with accumulated temperature during frost-free period. According to mature clustering, island cotton could be divided into three groups, which was consistent with the geographical distribution trend. 【Conclusion】 The maturity of island cotton is positively correlated with the type of fruit branch and the height of branch of first fruit, and negatively correlated with latitude and altitude. Xnjiang island cotton is closed to 0 type of the central Asia countries, so the imported varieties from central Asian countries are more likely to be successful.

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Cloning and Expression Analyses of Furasium Wilt Resistance Gene GbPR10 in Gossypium barbadense Aihaiti Aihemaiti, YAO Zheng-pei, QU Yan-ying 2018, 55(5): 797-806.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1683KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide strong support for the gene sources of cotton wilt resistance molecular breeding.【Method】 Based on the previous transcriptome sequencing and disease resistance expression data, the Fusarium wilt related genes (accession number CD486053) were screened from cotton EST database. A homologous gene named GbPR10 gene was cloned from Fusarium wilt resistant in Gossypium barbadense "06-146" by NCBI search for PR10 gene (accession number AY588276) and primer design. Bioinformatics gene expression analysis was carried out under the treatment of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp, ethylene, and salicylic acid. 【Result】 GbPR10 gene had the ORF sequence of 480 bp and encoded 159 amino acids and the Bet-v1 domain of PR10 protein and the modified glycine ring P-Loopus (GXGGXG) were found in the protein sequence. The homologous alignment of protein sequence indicated that the protein was highly consistent with other biological PR10 protein plants. Subcellular localization analyses pinpointed that GbPR10 was distributed in cytoplasm. QRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of GbPR10 gene in different tissues of different resistant island cotton varieties was uneven and higher than that of susceptible island cotton varieties. In the roots of one pair of resistance / susceptible island cotton treated with ethylene and salicylic acid, the resistant varieties showed a tendency of up-regulation first and then down-regulation. The expression of resistant varieties was almost higher than that of susceptible varieties at later stage.【Conclusion】 It can be concluded in this study that GbPR10 gene plays a significant role in the signal pathway of resistance to Furasium oxysporum f.sp in Gossypium barbadense.

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Study on the alternate cropping pattern of drought and Flood to improve the accuracy of drought Resistance Identification in Maize TANG Huai-jun, XIE Xiaoqing, SUN Bao-cheng, ZHANG Lei, LIU-cheng 2018, 55(5): 807-812.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1459KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the method of alternate cropping pattern of flood and drought identification to provide theoretical basis for accurate identification of maize drought resistance. 【Method】 Using 157 maize inbred lines as materials, the three-repeat drought resistance coefficients of alternate cropping pattern of flood and drought method and conventional paddy-drought zoning method were tested, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were studied by comparing the correlation coefficients between three repetitions. 【Result】 The results showed that the correlation coefficient between three repetitions was 0.692 ~ 0.755 (average 0.724) in conventional identification of flood and drought zones. The correlation coefficient between the three repeats was 0.835 ~ 0.887 (average 0.861) in alternate cropping pattern of flood and drought method. The repeated correlation coefficient of the alternate cropping pattern of flood and drought method is higher than that of the conventional rice-drought zoning method 18.9%. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the conventional method, the method of alternate cropping pattern of flood and drought identification has higher accuracy and repeatability, and is convenient for material observation, and can be used for large-scale identification of maize drought resistance.

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Effects of Application Amount and Different Proportion of Loss-Control Urea on Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Yield of Cotton MA Teng-fei,LI Qing-jun,ZHANG Yan,Halihashi Yibat,ZHANG Peng-zhong, JIANG Ting-ting 2018, 55(5): 813-820.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1093KB) ( )   【Objective】 The effects of different ratios of loss-control urea and common urea on cotton growth, nitrogen uptake and yield were studied through field plot experiments.【Method】 Eight treatments were designed to research the effects of loss-control urea and common urea on accumulation rate for plant dry matters, nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton,they were CK (N 0 kg/hm2), conventional urea (N 225 kg/hm2), loss-control urea (N 225 kg/hm2), 80% loss-control urea (N 180 kg/hm2), 70% loss-control urea (N 157.5 kg/hm2), 70% loss-control urea + 30% conventional urea (total of N 225 kg/hm2), 50% loss-control urea + 50% conventional urea (total of N 225 kg/hm2), 30% loss-control urea + 70% conventional urea (total of N 225 kg/hm2).【Result】 The results showed that compared to the loss-control urea and common urea treatments, the application of 70% loss-control urea + 30% common urea could significantly increase the plant dry matters and yield of cotton by 14.34%, increase fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency by 10.2 percentage point; the treatments of 80% loss-control urea and common urea did nearly the same to the plant dry matters and yield of cotton, compared with the common urea, the treatment of 70% loss-control urea could significantly reduce the yield of cotton by 5.85%; the treatment of 80% loss-control urea could significantly increase the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of cotton by 11.26 percentage point.【Conclusion】 The application of loss-control urea combined with conventional urea increased the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in cotton, and the 7∶3 ratio of loss-control urea and conventional urea was the best.

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Construction of Expression Vector for Melon eIF4E Gene Knockout Using CRISPR-Cas9 YANG Jing, WANG Xu-hui, WANG Dong, LI Guan 2018, 55(5): 821-828.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1333KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this study is to construct gRNA expression vector of eIF4E gene in melon by using CRISPR-Cas9 plant gene editing system.【Method】 The gRNA primer was designed in the first exon region of eIF4E gene from "Queen" of melon in Xinjiang. The sgRNA cloning box was amplified by using the vector pP1C.4 as a template, the pP1C.4 vector was cut by EcoRI and XbaI enzymes, and the recombinant vector pP1C.4-eIF4E was constructed using DNA recombinase.【Result】 The results of colony PCR detection and sequencing showed that gRNA had been successfully linked into plant gene knockout vector pP1C.4.【Conclusion】 The plant gene knockout vector pP1C.4-eIF4E is constructed successfully and eIF4E can be directionally edited by pP1C.4-eIF4E, which is of great significance for further study on the function of eIF4E gene.

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Establishment of Regeneration System of Leaves in -vitro of Korla Fragrant Pear ZHONG Ying,FENG Jian-rong,FANG Xin-min,REN Huan-xi,ZHANG Xiu-kang,XU Zhu-ye 2018, 55(5): 829-836.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1227KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of the project is to establish the stable and effective regeneration system of leavesin -vitro of Korla Fragrant Pear seedlings.【Method】 The leaves of sterile seedlings of Korla fragrant pear cultured in vitro for about 30 days were used as the basic medium for 1/2 MS. The effects of different concentration of growth regulators on callus formation rate and adventitious bud formation rate during adventitious bud induction were studied by using TDZ (1.0 mg/L), IBA (0.3-0.9 mg/L) or NAA (0.3-0.9 mg/L) to design the formula separately to explore the effects of different concentration combinations of growth regulators on callus formation and adventitious bud formation during adventitious bud induction process. The optimal medium for adventitious bud regeneration was obtained by selecting the optimal formula and adding AgNo3 with different mass concentration. The ratio of rooting growth regulators was designed with IBA and NAA respectively. According to the rooting rate, the average rooting number and the average rooting length, the ratio of the most suitable growth regulator were screened and the culture system of rooting was established.【Result】 The results indicated that the optimal medium for adventitious shoot induction was 1/2 MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/L TDZ, 0.5 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L AgNO3, the frequency of callus formation and adventitious shoot regeneration were 100 % and 84.92%, respectively. The appropriate rooting induction medium was 1/2 MS + 0.5 mg/L IBA + 0.9 mg/L NAA, the rooting rate could reach 100% after 7 days dark culture. The average rooting number of each stem was 5.66, and average rooting length was 2.8 cm.【Conclusion】 The regeneration system of leaves in -vitro of Korla Fragrant Pear seedlings was established, which laid foundation for genetic transformation of pears.

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Analysis on Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherry Varieties Early Big and Sunburst WANG Jian-you, WANG Qin, HAN Hong-wei, LI Yong, Batubayaer, JIANG Jiang-zhao, MAO Jin-mei, LIU Feng-lan 2018, 55(5): 837-844.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1160KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the fruit quality of sweet cherry in Aksu region in southern Xinjiang and to provide reference for the optimization and sustainable development of sweet cherry varieties in Xinjiang.【Method】 The exterior quality, physical and chemical properties, nutritive elements, phenolic substances and other fruit quality of sweet cherry variety of "Early Big" and "Sunburst" were determined and evaluated in fruit maturity period.【Result】 The natural characteristics of "Early Big" and "Sunburst" were obvious, and they were rich in 10 nutrient elements, such as K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe and P. There were 20.33 % soluble solid, 21.09 % total sugar, 30.49 mg/100 g VC, 2.68 mg/g total phenols and 1.28 mg/g anthocyanin in "Early Big". There were 18.59% soluble solid, 17.54% total sugar, 35.10 mg/100 g VC, 0.74 mg/g total phenols and 0.03 mg/g anthocyanin in "Sunburst".【Conclusion】 The fruit quality of sweet cherry varieties "Early Big" and "Sunburst" in Aksu in southern Xinjiang is super. The region is suitable for the development of sweet cherry industry.

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Study on the Relationship between the Activity of Cell Wall Metabolic Enzymes and Anti-Cracked in Jujube Peel LIU Huan, LIN Min-juan, GAO Jiang-sheng, WANG Zhen-lei 2018, 55(5): 845-854.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1655KB) ( )   【Objective】 With the flat nucleic acid in anti-split date varieties and Jing jujube 39 in easily cracked date varieties as study subjects, cell wall metabolic enzyme activity in the pericarp of jujube was determined to reveal the relationship between cell wall metabolic enzyme activity and split-resistant fruit.【Method】 The activity of cell wall metabolic enzymes in different parts of jujube peel was determined during the growth process, and the difference of cultivars cell wall metabolic enzyme activity between split-resistant and split jujube was compared.【Result】 Results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in the split-resistant cultivars pericarp were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of susceptible jujube varieties during the different periods, while catalase activity was significantly lower in different parts at the green maturity stage.【Conclusion】 POD and PPO activities in the shoulder nightside of easily-cracked cultivars pericarp were extremely significantly lower than those of crack-resistant cultivars at white mature stage , while at the rest time, POD, PPO activities in other parts of crack-resistant cultivars were extremely significantly higher in the different parts at different time than those easily-cracked cultivars pericarp. CAT activity was significantly lower in different parts at Green time, but it was higher at different time.The activity of CAT in shoulder nightside of pericarp of susceptible cultivars was significantly higher than that of resistant cultivars at green maturity stage, while that of resistant cultivars was higher than that of susceptible cultivars in other periods.

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Effects of Optimized Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Capsicum Capsicum in Arched Sheds Patiguli Asimutoia, Mahmuti Rouzi, LI Ning, TANG Ya-ping, Buhliqmu 2018, 55(5): 855-862.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1171KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to optimize the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in pepper planting and explore the rational use of nitrogen fertilizer, the tests on yield and quality of pepper were carried out in Chengguan Township of Yengisar of Xinjiang, China.【Method】 Two experiments: conventional fertilization and optimal fertilization were used to compare the two treatments, and the nitrogen fertilizer addition gradient analysis was carried out in the experiment. Among them, conventional fertilization was used by most local farmers in production, while the optimized fertilization technique was the one obtained recently for reaching high yield, high efficiency or high quality for their corresponding crops. The purpose was to illustrate the effect of optimizing fertilization nitrogen element on increasing the yield of pepper by comparing the two.【Result】 The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization area, the average yield of pepper was 3,153.6 kg in the optimized fertilization area and 2,233.5 kg in the conventional fertilization area, and the yield in the optimized fertilization area was 17.8 kg higher than that in the conventional fertilization area.【Conclusion】 The results showed that through the analysis of the results of this experiment, it is proved that nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield of pepper, and the scientific and reasonable fertilization method should be adopted when applying nitrogen fertilizer in production, so as to provide scientific basis for high yield, economy and environmental protection fertilization.

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Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reducing on Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomatoes HAN Hong-wei, LIU Hui-fang, WANG Qiang, ZHUANG Hong-mei, LI Pan, PU Sheng-hai, FENG Guang-ping, WANG Hao 2018, 55(5): 863-870.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1442KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze effects of fertilizer reduction on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes. 【Method】 Four treatments were set up in the experiment: conventional fertilization (the CK, chemical fertilizer reduction by 15% (OPT-15), chemical fertilizer reduction by 30% (OPT-30) and fertilizer reduction by 45% (OPT-45) to measure relative indexes of growth, physiology, yield and quality of tomatoes.【Result】 Results showed that compared with CK, reduction of fertilizer by 15% promoted the growth of the plant height and stem diameter, increased weight of average tomato fruit and yield, increased the sugar and acid ratio of fruit but the thickness of leaves, the content of total sugar and VC in fruit were decreased. Reduction of fertilizer by 30% promoted the growth of the plant stem diameter, and enhanced the photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves, increased leaf thickness, improved the weight of average tomato fruit and production, increased the total sugar, VC content in fruit and sugar acid ratio, all in all, the effect of increasing production and improving quality was better. Reduction of fertilizer by 45% reduced the growth of plant height and stem diameter, reduced the blade thickness, decreased the sugar acid ratio, but increased the leaf photosynthetic rate, single fruit weight and yield and increased total sugar and VC content in fruit.【Conclusion】 Thus,it can be seen that reduction of chemical fertilizer by 30% can not only reduce the input of fertilizer, but also improve the yield and fruit quality of tomato.

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Effects of Root Fertilizing with Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on Nut Nutritional Quality of Corylus heterophylla ×Corylus avellana ZHANG Jin,SHI Yan-jiang,SONG Feng-hui,ZHAO Shan-chao 2018, 55(5): 871-879.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1241KB) ( )   【Objective】 This Project aims to study the effects of root application of N P and K fertilizer on the nutritional quality of hazel nut in the hope of providing scientific basis for improving the nutritional quality of nut in the future production.【Method】 The effects of fertilization on nut crude fat and crude protein content was analyzed by using multi linear stepwise regression based on"3414" field fertilizer effect test.【Result】 Under the condition of medium soil nutrient, there was a significant positive effect between the crude fat content (E) ofCorylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana nut and the amount of N fertilizer (pure N) (P < 0.001), and the interaction between N fertilizer and K fertilizer had a significant negative effect of N × K (P < 0.001). When the fertilizing amount of P fertilizer (pure P2O5 amount) was less than 0.238,7 kg per tree,there was a positive effect on the common logarithm of crude protein content of nut, vise versa, there was a negative effect on the crude protein content of nut when applying K fertilizer (P< 0.001). The interaction between N fertilizer and P fertilizer (N × P) had a significant positive effect on crude protein content of nut (P< 0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the specific environment conditions of Xinjiang, root N fertilizer and P fertilizer can effectively improve the content of crude fat and crude protein in the fruit ofCorylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana.

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Species Composition and Occurrence Regularity of Parasitic Wasp in Southern Margin of Gurbantunggut Desert HAN Guo-dong,SU Jie,LI Qin,LI Ting,ZHANG Jian-ping 2018, 55(5): 880-887.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1310KB) ( )   【Objective】 Parasitoids, as a class of parasitic natural enemies, parasitic on the larvae, eggs or pupae of Lepidoptera, Diptera and other insects, are a kind of important natural enemy insects, and play a certain role in controlling the occurrence of pests. This project aims to study the occurrence and transfer of parasitic wasps on the southern margin of Guerbantungote Desert in Xinjiang which might provide scientific basis for the control of insect pests and protection and utilization of natural enemy insect resources in farmland, ecotone and desert plants.【Method】 In this experiment, the occurrence of parasitic wasps in the desert, farmland and plantlets in the southern margin of Guerbantungott Desert was investigated by net capture method. This research was done using fixed-point sampling method weekly.【Result】 553 parasitic wasps were collected during the test, 5 superfamilies and 10 families, among which, Chalcidoidea is the most abundant in the family, accounting for 46.90% of the total. Ichneumonoidea and Proctotrupoidea accounted for 27.02% and 21.20%, respectively. The number of Braconidae was 144, accounting for 27.02% of the total, which was the dominant family. In the three habitats of farmland, ecotone and desert, the occurrence of parasitic wasps increased first and then decreased. Parasitic wasps began to appear in May, the number of parasitic wasps in the ecotone habitat (0.90 individual/(m2·d)) in June reached the peak of the year, the highest value of farmland habitat and desert habitat in July was (0.94 individual/(m2·d)) and (0.80 individual/(m2·d)) respectively. In different samples from May to September, the number of parasitic wasps at weeds sample (0.82 individual/(m2·d)) was significantly higher than that of other samples, the number of parasitic wasps in ecotone ephemeral plant sample (0.20 individual/(m2·d)) was the lowest. 【Conclusion】 There are abundant natural enemy insect resources in the southern margin of Guerbantungut Desert, and the species of parasitoids are abundant, so we should protect the desert and the ecotone, reduce the application of insecticides in near desert farmland to protect parasitic wasps and play a better role of natural enemies to minimize the damage.

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Morphological Variation of Geographical Populations of Asian Locusta migratoria in Some Ecological Areas in Xinjiang Zumina, Yasen·shali, Aziguli Abulizi, XU Guang-qing, Gulizire Maihemuti, TU Xiong-bing 2018, 55(5): 888-900.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1408KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the geographic variation of scattered type of Locusta migratoria L populations in some ecological areas in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the study of the relationship between locust morphological characteristics and ecological adaptability.【Method】 By using numerical classification method, the ten traits of experimental populations of Fuyun County, Toksun County, Habahe County and the geographical populations of the scattered Locusta migratoria L in Manasi County, Hexud County and Miaoergou ecological area of the thirteenth Agricultural Production Division of Hami City, such as the length of body, the elytron length, the pronotum length, the width and the height of the pronotum, the posterior femur length, the tibia length, width and height of the head, and fastigium were measured and analyzed. After that, systematic clustering and principal component analyses of the common geographical differences between female and male adults were conducted.【Result】 There were significant differences between different geographic populations of Locusta migratoria L male and female adults in terms of the elytron length, the width and the height of the pronotum and fastigium, etc. However, among different geographic populations of male and female adult Locusta migratoria L., elytron length, pronotum length, pronotum height characters had obvious difference. There was a phenomenon of mutual promotion and common variation among the characters. In the result of cluster analysis, 6 geographical populations were divided into two groups. The geographical population of Fuyun County, Habahe County and Hexud County belonged to one group, and the other one in Manasi County, Miaoergou ecological area of Huangtian in Hami and Toksun County was in an another group. The principal component results showed that the geographical populations of the continental arid climate in warm temperate zone in Toksun County and the middle warm temperate zone desert climate in Hexud County were separately distributed, while the geographical population of the continental cold temperate zone in Fuyun County was distributed together with the experimental population of the continental north temperate zone of the Habahe County. The geographical population of Manas County, which belonged to the temperate continental arid climate, was distributed together with the geographical population of Huangtian Miaoergou in Hami City.【Conclusion】 There are obvious morphological variations between experimental populations of Fuyun County, Toksun County, Habahe County and the geographical populations of the scattered Locusta migratoria L in Manasi County, Hexud County and Miaoergou ecological area of the thirteenth Agricultural Production Division of Hami City, Xinjiang, however, it is not clear whether the morphological variation is related to ecological environmental factors.

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Study on Dynamic Grading Method of Walnut Kernel Based on Machine Vision ZHOU Jun, GUO Jun-xian,ZHANG Jing, JIANG Yan-wu, Eli Hasim, CAI Jian 2018, 55(5): 901-911.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1613KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to study a kind of dynamic grading method of walnut kernel based on machine vision technology that will be suitable for Xinjiang.【Method】 Walnut kernel feature set was obtained from walnut image collected in real time and completed image preprocessing. Then mRMR feature selection algorithm was used to filter the original feature set and arrange the importance of the feature. Finally, support vector machine was used to analyze the importance of the feature. Three machine learning algorithms, decision tree and naive Bayes, were trained and tested, and the optimal classification method was obtained. Finally, the automatic tracking method and dynamic grading process of walnut kernel were designed, and the automatic classification system of walnut kernel was constructed.【Result】 When using feature bin19, K1 and bin15 to train naive Bayesian classifier, the classification accuracy rate of walnut kernel classification was 97.33%. Under the dynamic condition, the walnut kernel automatic grading system was used to classify 150 walnut kernel,and the overall accuracy rate was 81.33%.【Conclusion】 Based on the feature extraction and grading method of walnut kernel developed by machine vision, the method of walnut kernel dynamic grading can effectively complete the classification task of walnut color and integrity.

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Study on the Correlativity of High Temperature Treatment to Seed Germination of Haloxylon ammodendron Hosted in Cistanche HE Quan, JIANG Rui-juan, ZHU Jun, SHI Shu-bing, LI Xiao-jun 2018, 55(5): 912-918.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1453KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of high temperature treatment before germination on the seed germination of Haloxylon ammodendron, and discuss the effects of high temperature on the germination of H. ammodendron seedlings.【Method】 The main materials of H. ammodendron, a desert plant of Xinjiang were used as experimental materials. Before germination, they were treated with 5 high temperatures (46, 49, 52, 55 and 58℃) and 6 times (6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 min). 【Result】 Different high temperature and time treatments had significant effects on the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of H. ammodendron, and the interactions between them had significant effects. The seed germination rate increased with the treatment temperature and time. The germination power, germination index and vigor index all increased first and then decreased. High temperature treatment had some inhibition on seed germination. 【Conclusion】 (1) When the temperature is 52℃ and the time is 9 min, the germination rate of H. ammodendron seeds is the highest (55.00±0.30)%, the temperature is 58℃, the germination rate is 0.00% when the time is 9min; (2) Storage at 4℃ There was no obvious thermal shock effect on H. ammodendron seeds after 6 months. (3) There was no direct relationship between the degradation of H. ammodendron and the germination rate of H. ammodendron seeds.

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The Pollution and Distribution Characteristics of Phthalic Acid Esters in Soil-Grape System of Facility Grape Bases LI Hai-feng,REN Hong-song,LIU Zhi-gang,WU Jiu-yun, LIU He-jiang, LIAN Wei-jia, HAN Chen 2018, 55(5): 919-927.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1408KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this project is to ascertain the pollution and distribution characteristics of phthalic acid esters in soil-grape system of facility grape bases in Turpan.【Method】 The samples of soil, root, stem, leaf and fruit from grape greenhouses that were planted 1, 4 and 6 years were collected, and contents of 16 PAEs compounds in samples were determined by gas chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry and the main components, contents, distribution, changes and correlation of phthalates in soil-grape system.【Result】 The results showed that the contents of total ∑PAEs in soils ranged from 1.500 to 2.718 mg/kg, and contents of Diisobutyl phthalate(DIBP), Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and Diisooctyl Phthalate(DEHP) accounted for 98.9% of the total contents, and they accounted for 70% at the soil layer of 0-20 cm. The contents of PAEs was the highest in greenhouse soil that have been planted four years. PAEs in grapes planted for six years were lower than those of grapes planted four years; The contents of ∑ PAEs in various parts of grape plant ranged from high to low in order were: root > stem > leaf > fruit; And the total content in root, stem and leaf accounted for 95.5% of the whole plant; The content of PAEs in fruit and soil had significant correlation, with the Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.878 (∑PAEs), 0.855(DIBP), 0.820(DBP) and 0.981 (DEHP), respectively.【Conclusion】 The main PAEs pollutants of facility grape bases in Turpan were DIBP, DBP and DEHP, which were mainly distributed in the soil layer of 0-20 cm. With the increase of planting years, ∑ PAEs did not show a linear growth trend. The content of PAEs in the plants decreased gradually from root to fruit, and there was a significant correlation between the content of PAEs in fruit and soil.

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Analysis on Process Optimization about Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Main Components in Cordyceps militaris CHEN Fang-yuan, MA Mai-yan, ZHANG Xiang-feng, MA Zheng-hai, JIAO Zi-wei 2018, 55(5): 928-935.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1274KB) ( )   【Objective】 Cordyceps militaris contains many kinds of active substances such as nucleosides, polysaccharides, cordycepin, sterols, sugar alcohols, enzymes, pigments and other active substances, among which cordycepin, adenosine, polysaccharide and so on are widely studied.【Method】 The extraction of cordycepin and adenosine was commonly used by ultrasonic method, reflux method, percolation extraction method and so on. In this paper, accelerated solvent extraction was used to obtain the active substances of cordycepin and adenosine from the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. The optimum conditions were obtained by the method of orthogonal experiment and the rapid extraction method. The method of accelerated solvent extraction was optimized by orthogonal experiment. In addition, four factors (temperature, static extraction time, ethanol concentration and cycle number) were designed to determine the optimal combination conditions.【Result】 The optimum combination conditions for the extraction of cordycepin and adenosine by accelerated extraction were obtained by experiments.【Conclusion】 The optimum conditions for the extraction of adenosine by accelerated extraction were as follows: temperature 70℃, time 5 min, ethanol concentration 20% and cycle times 2, and the optimum conditions for extracting adenosine were as follows: temperature 100℃, time 10 min, ethanol content 0 and cycle times 2 times.

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Construction of Cellulose Degrading Strain of Cotton Straw and Optimization of Solid Fermentation Conditions HOU Min, BAO Hui-fang, WANG Ning, ZHANG Fa-qiang, Yang Wen-qi, HOU Xin-qiang, YANG Rong, LONG Xuan-qi, CUI Wei-dong 2018, 55(5): 936-948.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1625KB) ( )   【Objective】 To construct cotton straw degrading strains and optimize their solid fermentation conditions.【Method】 The cellulose degrading strains were screened based on carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) and filter paper activity (FPA), and mixed with bacteria strain to adjust the fermentation quality and identify the symbiotic strains mixing ratio, then, the effect of the initial moisture content, inoculation amount, fermentation time and their interactions on cotton stalk cellulose degradation rate were evaluated by using a response surface method.【Result】 24 strains of cellulolytic strain bacteria were obtained, among which, the maximum ratio of the diameter of one transparent circle to the diameter of colony was 6.20, the enzyme activity of FPA was 9.699 U/h, and the enzyme activity of CMC was 10.435 U/h. The strain was identified asbacillus subtilis, which was mixed with J1 (Candida utilis), J2 (Lactobacillus plantarum), J3 (Bacillus licheniformis) to construct composite strains at the ratio of 1∶1∶2∶1 for fermentation. The results of variance analysis showed that the regression equation was significant (P < 0.0001), inoculation amount was 15.0%, fermentation time was 35 days, water content was 80.0%, cellulose degradation rate was 35.91%, the effect of inoculation amount on cellulose degradation was the most significant.【Conclusion】 In this experiment, the cellulose-degrading strain of cotton straw was constructed, and the optimum conditions of solid fermentation were determined, which provided the experimental and theoretical basis for the feed conversion of cotton straw.

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Feature Analysis of Summer Water Environment in Yining Section of Yili River XIE A-ting,CHENG Yan,ZHAO ChenXi,HU Xia,ZHANG Jian,WANG Yue 2018, 55(5): 949-956.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1272KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to comprehensively understand and master the characteristics of water quality in Yili River reach, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of water environment pollution. 【Method】 Four methods, single factor evaluation method, Nemerow index evaluation method, water quality index and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the quality of water environment in the north-south section of an inland urban river located in Yining.【Result】 The results of single factor evaluation method and Nemerow index evaluation method showed that the comprehensive water quality of the water body in this section was in good condition. The main pollution factors were total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand, expressed as organic pollution. The method of water quality index showed that there was no heavy metal pollution in the river being researched. The principal component analysis showed that the water quality of A5 section was the worst in this basin. The overall water area was characterized by higher overall pollution in the north of the river section than that in the south section and the water quality of upstream section was better than that of the downstream section.【Conclusion】 The causes of summer water pollution in Yining reach of Yili River are related to domestic sewage, agricultural activities and industrial sewage.

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Soil Stoichiometry Characteristics in Different Degradation Stages of Alpine Steppe in Bayanbulak Ayimin Bolati,AN Sha-zhou,DONG Yi-qiang,YANG Jiao,ZHANG Ai-ning 2018, 55(5): 957-965.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1360KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study aims to research the change of soil factors under different degradation stages: non-degradation (ND), light-degradation (LD), mid-degradation (MD), heavy-degradation (HD) in alpine steppe of Bayanbulakto and analyze the rules of soil nutrient in the hope of clarifying the soil stoichiometry characteristics, which might provide a reliable scientific basis for the reconstruction and management of grassland degradation.【Method】 Using conventional soil chemical detection method to analyze soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, total phosphorusl, index in Bayanbulak degraded steppe.【Result】 The soil C , N and P contents of 4 different degraded grasslands decreased by 53.0% , 54.0% and 52.0% , respectively, and the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased by 42.0%-95.0% and 29.0%-43.0% (P＜0.05) . The soil C / N ratio of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layer reached the lowest after severe degradation and decreased by 71.0%, 75.0% and 77.0%, respectively compared with the undegraded soil layer (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the undegraded and mild degraded soil layers of 20-30 cm (P>0.05). Compared with undegraded grassland, the N / P ratio of 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm soil layer decreased significantly by 64.0% and 59.0% cm after severe degradation. The ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in 10-20 cm soil layer was higher than that in undegraded soil layer (P<0.05). Soil surface C / N ratio, C / P ratio and N / P ratio were positively correlated with aboveground biomass (P<0.05). P value showed a good correlation with the aboveground biomass scale(P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Different degradation stages soil stoichiometry characteristics decrease significantly in Bayanbulak alpine steppe.

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The Effects of Non-Starch Polysaccharides Enzymes on Hyline Laying Hens Production Performance and Nutrient Metabolic Rate CHEN Cheng, XIAO Fei, HAN Kun, NIE Cun-xi, LIANG Jing, ZHANG Wen-ju 2018, 55(5): 966-973.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1103KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project performed aims to study the effect of non-starch polysaccharide enzyme (NSP Enzyme) on growth and nutrient metabolic rate in 23 weeks Hyline brown hens.【Method】 One thousand and six hundred hyline brown hens aged 23 weeks were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups with 10 replicates in each group, 16 chickens in each replicate. The positive control group (group PC) was fed basic diet with normal energy level; The negative control group (NC group) was fed a diet tin which the metabolizable energy (ME) level of 628 KJ/kg was reduced in comparison with the PC group diet; The compound non-starch polysaccharide enzyme l and the compound non-starch polysaccharide enzyme 2 were added to the diet of NC group, respectively.【Result】 The results showed that in comparison with the negative control group,.the addition of non-starch polysaccharide in corn soybean miscellaneous diets could reduce hyline brown hens feed intake and feed egg ratio, and improve the nutrient metabolic rate, but the difference was not significant, which had no effect on egg weight .【Conclusion】 The addition of non-starch polysaccharides enzyme to the corn soybean meal miscellaneous meal diet can replace part of the oil (628 KJ/kg AME energy) level, and does not affect the production performance of laying hens.

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Experiment and Analysis of Influencing Factors on Near-Infrared Spectral Quality of Mutton YAN Cong, ZHU Rong-guang, HUANG Kun-peng, QIU Yuan-yuan, FAN Zhong-jian, MENG Ling-feng 2018, 55(5): 974-980.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.05.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1396KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this research is to solve the problems such as factors affecting the quality of mutton near-infrared spectral collection quality and so on.【Method】 Xinjiang mutton was taken as the object in the study, and the effects of different light sources, fiber parameters, instrument detection time, acquisition distance and acquisition parameters on the spectral collection quality were discussed.【Result】 The results showed that the VIVO light source was better than the HL-2000 light source, by use of light source with higher power for the well controlled light source could improve the spectral repeatability and reduce the spectral noise; The spectral reflectance was increased with increasing diameter or number of receiving fiber core. With the increase of detection time, the baseline shift of the spectrum was more serious, and each wavelength point moved towards the short wave. With the increase of acquisition distance, the spectral reflectance was increased first and then decreased. The longer integral time, the better spectral quality. With the increase of smooth points and average times appropriately, the spectral quality was increased. 【Conclusion】 Based on the experiments, the influence of various factors on the spectral quality was analyzed, which provided a certain reference for improving the instrument and detection conditions.