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20 November 2018, Volume 55 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Correlation Analyses between the Main Plant Ideotype Traits and the Yield of Early-Maturing Upland Cotton MA Xiao-mei, ZHAO Shu-qing, DONG Chen-guang, ZHOU Xiao-feng, WANG Xin, LI Bao-cheng 2018, 55(11): 1961-1967.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (657KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to provide selection basis and guidance information for early-maturing upland cotton varieties breeding in Xinjiang. 【Method】The correlation analysis, path analysis and stepwise regression analysis of seed cotton yield and plant ideotype traits of early maturity upland cotton varieties were carried out by SPSS19.0 software. Based on stepwise regression analysis of yield and plant ideotype traits, the optimal regression model between yield and plant ideotype traits was established.【Result】The results indicated that the plant height (X1),the boll number (X4) and the initial fruit branch node (X2) showed significant correlations with the seed cotton yield at the 0.01 level (P＜0.01). The phenotypic correlations were 0.322,1,0.298,1 and -0.216,2,respectively. The fruit branches(X3) showed effects on the seed cotton yield indirectly by assisting other characters. The phenotypic correlations were 0.403. The optimal regression model of the plant ideotype traits (Xi) and seed cotton yield (Y) was established by the stepwise regression as Y=173.898+2.279 X1-17.632 X2+21.795 X4, The correlation between the estimated value and the measured value was 0. 527, and the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.278. 【Conclusion】Plant height,boll number and the initial node of fruit branch showed significant correlations with the seed cotton yield, while the number of fruit branches has an indirect effect on the yield, and the effect was significant.

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Effects of Three Topping Methods on Cotton Plant Type Structure and Yield at Different Densities CUI Yan-nan, HAN Wen-ting, NIE Zhi-yong, ZHAO Qiang 2018, 55(11): 1968-1976.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1760KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different types of detopping on cotton plant type structure and yield at different densities.【Method】The split zone design was used in the experiment, the density of the main area was set at three levels of 90,000 plants/hm2, 180,000 plants/hm2, and 270,000 plants/hm2, and three levels were set at sub area: Artificial topping, chemical top capping, and no topping.【Result】With the increase of density, the plant height, stem diameter, fruit branch length and internode length of chemically detopping cotton were lower than those of undetoping cotton. The stem thickness was undetopping > artificial detopping > chemical detopping. The plant height and fruit branch length showed that the chemical detopping was greater than the artificial detopping, and was less than that of no detopping. When the density was 270,000/hm2, the chemical detopping could delay the decline of the LAI, and the highest yield was 7,423.80 kg/hm2. Chemical detopping cotton's MIC was superior to other topping methods at different densities.【Conclusion】Chemical detopping at different densities can effectively inhibit cotton growth point elongation, thus shaping a compact plant type that is beneficial to mechanical harvesting, and chemically detopping cotton is more suitable for high density planting.

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Effects of Different Exogenous Substances on the Agronomic and Economic Characteristics of Cotton under Drought Stress Nuermanguli Batuer, Alimujiang Kelaimu, CUI Yan-nan, PAN Jun-jie, LOU Shan-wei, ZHAO Qiang 2018, 55(11): 1977-1987.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1068KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to select the best exogenous substances for improving the drought resistance of cotton at flowering and boll stage under drought stress.【Method】Xinluzao 57 was used as the material to control water in field experiment. Different types of fulvic acid, 6-BA, betaine, Brassinolide and salicylic acid were used respectively. The agronomic characters, dry matter and yield of each treatment were measured, and the comprehensive effects of five exogenous substances on drought resistance of cotton at flowering and boll stage were evaluated by weighted membership function method.【Result】Under drought stress, the drought resistance of cotton at flowering and bolling stage could be enhanced to some extent by exogenous substances, such as plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit branches and leaves of main stem, dry matter, fresh weight of shoot and yield of seed cotton. There are some differences between different exogenous substances on the drought resistance of cotton at flowering and boll stage. By means of weighted membership function analysis, the comprehensive evaluation value (D) was salicylic acid.【Conclusion】Exogenous substances can enhance the adaptability of cotton plants to drought environment, and can be used as a compensatory way to alleviate the damage caused by water shortage at flowering and boll stage, which is conducive to high and stable yield of cotton. The effect of spraying salicylic acid was the best.

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Effects of Different Media on Haploid Plantlets Production from the Spring Wheat × Maize Cross WANG Zhong, FAN Zhe-ru, ZHANG Yue-qiang, LI Jian-feng, GAO Xin, WANG Zi-xia 2018, 55(11): 1988-1993.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (809KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to screen suitable medium for differentiation of spring wheat haploid embryos and obtain a stable and efficient method.【Method】The haploid embryos were differentiated into plantlets using 8 different mediums,and the mediums was screened according to the seedling rate and growth conditions. 【Result】The seedling rate of spring wheat haploid embryos was the highest (73.49%) in 1/2 MS medium without hormones. The haploid embryos were induced one-step-seedling in 1/2 MS + 0.1 mg/L 2,4- D medium, with stronger plantlets and their roots developed well. 【Conclusion】The 1/2 MS medium was more suitable for the differentiation of spring wheat haploid embryos than the B5 medium, and the 2,4-D had more significant effect on the development of roots and differentiation of embryos. The medium of 1/2 MS + 0.1 mg/L 2, 4-D was a suitable medium for haploid embryos differentiation of spring wheat.

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Identification of Drought Resistance of Maize Hybrid by Using the Model of Deficient Irrigation and Semi-Yield Water Demand TANG Huai-jun, XIE Xiao-qing, ZHANG Lei, SUN Bao-cheng, ZHOU Fang-zhi, LIU Cheng 2018, 55(11): 1994-2001.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1593KB) ( )   【Objective】 The experiment of deficient water irrigation stress is an effective way to study drought resistance of maize. This paper aims to introduce the method of identifying drought resistance of maize hybrids by semi-yield water demand model in the hope of providing guidance for the detailed identification and evaluation of the drought resistance of maize hybrid species.【Method】After seeding stage, tasseling stage, pollen dispersal stage, early filling stage, middle filling stage and late filling stage, 7 times of deficient irrigation were carried out. The accumulative irrigation amount was 1,050.7, 1,725.7, 2,400.6, 3,451.3, 4,351.3, 5,251.2, and 6,000.4 m3/ha in the whole growth period, and in the end, drought resistance of the six main maize varieties planted in Xinjiang was identified.【Result】The results showed that the relationship between corn yield and cumulative irrigation amount was in accordance with the power saturation curve model. The correlation coefficient between the calculated output value and the measured output value of the semi-production and demand water model was 0.968 to 0.994, and the average correlation coefficient was 0.984, both of which have reached the extremely significant level, and the model fitting effect was good. Through fitting analysis, the semi-yield water demand parameters (Wh) of 6 maize varieties were between 928.4-1,550.6 m3/hm2, and the yield parameters (Ym) of full irrigation were between 9,760.9-15,460.2 m3/hm2. According to the comprehensive consideration of Ym and Wh, the drought-resistance ranking results of the varieties were: Xianyu 335, Xinyu 67, Xinyu 33, Xinyu 69, Zhengdan 958 and Xinyu 54.【Conclusion】The nonlinear power exponent saturation model can fit the relationship between yield and water of maize hybrids. The semi-yield water demand in the model is an important index of drought resistance, which can be applied to the fine identification and evaluation of maize hybrids combined with the method of deficient irrigation.

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Effects of Canopy Type and Plant-Derived Nutrient Solution on the Growth and Berry Quality of Cabernet Sauvignon ZHANG Wen, HAN Shou-an, ZHONG Hai-xia, XIE Hui, ZHANG Fu-chun, WANG Min, ZHOU Xiao-ming, PAN Ming-qi 2018, 55(11): 2002-2011.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (2239KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this article, effects of canopy type and plant-derived nutrient solution on the growth and berry quality of Cabernet Sauvignon with '厂' shape training structure were studied in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for choosing management standards for wine grape in the producing area near northern piedmonts of Tianshan mountains.【Method】Taking 7a old "厂" tree shape "Cabernet Sauvignon" grape as the research object, four experimental treatments were set up: hedgerow leaf curtain, hedge wall leaf curtain + nutrient solution, V-shaped leaf curtain, V-shaped leaf curtain + nutrient solution. We investigated the temperature, humidity index at fruit expanding, colour-changed and mature periods; and the index of PAR daily variation regularity, leaf quality and photosynthetic capacity at different places of canopy were detected at colour-changed period; the fruit quality index such as weight of cluster and berry, pericarp weight /berry weight, number of seed, loose degree of cluster, soluble solid, titratable acid, total flavonoids and polyphenol were detected during the mature period.【Result】The light condition of leaf curtain population could be improved, and the temperature day d value around berry increased with V canopy type. And this canopy cluster used, the fruit ears became looser, and soluble solid, titratable acid, total flavonoids and polyphenol contents in berry were increased. 【Conclusion】The leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein content and photosynthetic capacity were increased with plant-derived nutrient solution treatment, and physiological activity of leaf were improved. And both the index of pericarp weight /berry weight, number of seed, soluble solid, titratable acid, total flavonoids and polyphenol contents were increased significantly. Wine-making quality of berry was improved with both V canopy and plant-derived nutrient solution treatment.

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Response of the Sucrose Synthase (SuSy) to Physiological Fruit Shedding of Almond Young Fruit GUO Chun-miao, ZHU Zheng-yang, Mubareke Ayoupu, XU Juan, XIAO Li, GONG Peng, YANG Bo 2018, 55(11): 2012-2020.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (2369KB) ( )   【Objective】 To ascertain the relationship between the function of sucrose synthase gene and physiological fruit drop in almond.【Method】In this study, the normal fruit and soon falling fruit of 'Zhipi' almond, a main cultivar in Xinjiang, were used as the test material. The expression pattern of SuSy gene was analyzed by qRT-PCR and the concentration of sugar components and the activity of sucrose synthase were also measured.【Result】The results showed that: (1) SuSy gene expression was observed at all stages of fruit development, the expression level of SuSy was low at the peak period of physiological falling fruits (7-22 days after full bloom), and then gradually increased, indicating that SuSy expression was inhibited by nutritional competition; (2) In almond fruits, the proportion of the sugar components was as follows: glucose > fructose > sucrose. Contents of both glucose and fructose in normal fruits were greater than those in the impending shedding fruits, and the variation trends of these two sugars were consistent with the changes of SuSy enzyme activity in the decomposition direction. However, sucrose content in the impending shedding fruits was always higher than that in the normal fruits, indicating that the sucrose metabolism in the impending shedding fruit was disturbed; (3) During the peak period of fruit drop (17 days after full bloom), SuSy decomposition direction enzyme reached its peak, and then decreased gradually with the relaxation of nutrition competition, and in addition, SuSy activity in normal fruit enzyme was always higher than that in the impending shedding fruits. SuSy activity in synthetic direction continued to decline and begun to increase slowly at the later stage of falling fruits as the competition between sink and source tended to relax. However, in the impending shedding fruits, SuSy activity in synthetic direction reached the highest level at the peak of falling fruits.【Conclusion】It can be concluded that SuSy plays a role in the direction of decomposition during the almond physiological falling stage, and the abnormal change in SuSy activity results in sugar metabolism disorder in some fruits which causes the fruit shedding.

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Analysis of Soluble Sugar Composition and Content of Crimson Grape Cultivars with the Trunk Girdling HAN Shou-an, LIAO Kang, PAN Ming-qi, ZHONG Hai-xia, ZHANG Fu-chun, ZHOU Xiao-ming, ZHANG Wen, XIE Hui, WU Xin-yu 2018, 55(11): 2021-2027.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1383KB) ( )   【Objective】 The project aims to contrast the differences and analyze the characteristics of soluble sugar content and components in different stage of Crimson seedless grape with trunk girdling in four different periods in the hope of laying a theoretical foundation for revealing the effect of girding on soluble sugar in fruits.【Method】The trunk girdling of Crimson seedless grape was carried out in four different periods to monitor the growth and development of the fruit. The soluble sugar components and content in the mature fruit were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the correlation analysis was carried out, too.【Result】Among the five test treatments, the fruit shape index of the first girdling treatment was the largest, 5.67% larger than that of the check treatment, and the single grain weight was also the largest, reaching 2.99 g. In terms of maturity, the third ring stripping treatment was the earliest. The soluble sugar of the fruit was mainly composed of fructose, glucose and sucrose in the five experimental treatments, among which the content of glucose and fructose was high, the amplitude of variation of which was large, the content of sucrose was relatively stable, and the content of glucose was slightly higher than that of fructose. The highest content of glucose was the second girdling treatment, which was significantly higher (21.67% higher) than that of the check treatment. The highest content of fructose was the third girdling treatment, which was significantly higher (21.4% higher) than the control treatment. The highest content of sucrose was the fourth girdling treatment, which was 29.65% higher than that of the check treatment; the highest total sugar content was the second ring stripping treatment. There was a significant positive correlation between glucose, fructose and soluble total sugar, and between glucose and fructose. The correlation between fructose and total soluble sugar was the largest; The analysis found that the correlation of fructose and soluble total sugar was the highest, which was slightly higher than that of glucose and soluble total sugar. The analysis showed that the correlation of sucrose and soluble total sugar was minimal with no significant correlation.【Conclusion】The trunk girdling is beneficial to the growth and soluble sugar accumulation in Crimson seedless grapes, which indicates that the increase of yield can be obviously achieved in the early stage (from fruit setting to fruit bulking stage). In the later stage (after the bulking period), the girdling is good for fruit ripening in advance.

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Study on the Correlation between the Developmental Stage of Microspores and Shape of Flower Organs in Processing Tomatoes SHAN Shu-ling, PANG Sheng-qun, GUO Xiao-shan, ZHANG Guo-ru 2018, 55(11): 2028-2034.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1180KB) ( )   【Objective】 In haploid breeding, the developmental stage of microspores can be discriminated based on the shape of the flower organ, which might provide a theoretical basis for the selection of explants in vitro culture of anthers.【Method】The tomato varieties in this study were hybridized combinations C1, C2, and C3. Acetate-magenta staining was used to observe the development of pollen microspores under a microscope. The morphology and anatomical characteristics of the microspores was observed at different developmental stages.【Result】The microspore development period of processing tomato was closely related to the floral organ morphology. The flower organ morphology was different during the development of different microspores in the same variety. The length of C1 flower bud was greater than that of the other two hybrid combinations in the mononuclear edge of microspores; At the same microspore development stage, the floral organ morphology of different hybrid combinations was basically the same.【Conclusion】The bud length of the hybridized combinations C2 and C3 ranged from 5.00 to 5.99 mm. In comparison, during the microspore development, the bud length of C1 ranging from 6.00 to 6.99 mm was uninucleate microspores. The mononuclear and apical cytological features were that the cells were perfectly round, with the nucleus near the cell wall, displaying the germination hole. Floral form was bud enlargement, slightly open, with yellow-green bracts, and the anther color was yellowish green and the anther was easy to peel off.

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Study on the Drying Characteristics and Drying Model of Grapes in Traditional Drying Process XIE Hui, ZHANG Wen, HAN Shou-an, WANG Min, ZHONG Hai-xia, Yibulayimujiang Nuermaimaiti, PAN Ming-qi, LU Sheng-zu 2018, 55(11): 2035-2041.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1319KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of traditional drying process on drying characteristics and water diffusion coefficient of grapes.【Method】Two traditional drying processes: air-drying and sun-drying, were adopted to analyze the effects of drying process on the drying characteristics and moisture diffusion coefficient of grapes in order to establish the drying kinetics model.【Result】The results showed that the maximum temperature in the sun-drying process was significantly higher than that in the air-drying environment, and the minimum temperature in the sun-drying process was lower than that in the air-drying environment. A similar conclusion was drawn for the humidity conditions in the drying environment. According to 4 drying kinetics of statistical parameters, the Page model was the most suitable one for drying grapes, for the determination coefficient R2 was the largest, and χ2 and RMSE were the smallest, which were 0.998,2, 8.55×10-4 and 0.001,5. By calculating the effective water diffusion coefficient, the effective water diffusivities of sun-drying and air-drying processes were as follows: 2.036,25×10-8 and 6.468,8×10-9. The effective moisture diffusion coefficient of the sun-drying process was obviously larger than that of the air-drying method.【Conclusion】The Page model can effectively explain the variation law of grape fruit moisture under the traditional grape drying process conditions, and the research results can provide a theoretical basis for Xinjiang grape drying theory.

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Study of the Field Application Effect of Compound Microbial Inoculum "Ningdun" on Processing Tomatoes in Xinjiang HE Wei, XU Jian- jun, YANG Hua, SUN Xiao-jun, LI Yan-e 2018, 55(11): 2042-2050.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (898KB) ( )   【Objective】 To ascertain the field application effect of the compound microbial inoculum "Ningdun" on processing tomatoes in Xinjiang.【Method】Different doses of compound microbial inoculum in five different processing tomato production areas were used by drip irrigation and spray.【Result】The results showed that the soil organic matter content could be increased by the field drip irrigation compound microbial inoculant; The indexes of lycopene, total acid, hydrolyzed reducing sugar and vitamin C of processing tomatoes after composite microbial agent treatment were higher than those in conventional management. The treatment of processing tomato with compound microbial inoculum could yield 7.32%-27.02% more per mu than the conventional management; There was no significant difference in the incidence of tomato early blight and bacterial speckle in treatment of tomato early blight and bacterial speckle by foliar spray compound microbial inoculant, and the incidence rate and disease index of processing tomato ulcers treated by compound microbial inoculants in Changji test site were 12.3% and 9.96, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of conventional management; Treatment of compound microbial inoculant in 5 test sites increased income by 263.6-569.1 Yuan compared with conventional Management.【Conclusion】The application of the compound microbial inoculant "Ningdun" in the fields of processing tomatoes can improve the soil environment, improve the quality and yield of processing tomatoes, effectively control the leaf disease of processing tomatoes, and improve the economic benefit of processing tomatoes. The compound microbial inoculum "Ningdun" is suitable for processing tomatoes in the arid environment in Xinjiang.

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Analysis of Nutritive Quality of Upland Cotton Seeds Alimujiang Kelaimu, SU Xiu-juan, Mayila Yibulayin, ZHAO Qiang, DENG Xiao-juan, Mukadasi Maimaitiyiming 2018, 55(11): 2051-2059.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (4472KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the nutritive quality of different upland cotton varieties and provide resources for comprehensive quality improvement breeding of cotton.【Method】The nutrient contents of cottonseed in 14 upland cotton varieties were determined, and the indicators related to seed quality such as seed index, water content, protein and crude fat were determined, too.【Result】The water content, protein, crude fat and seed index of different upland cotton varieties were significantly different. The order of variation was seed index, water content, protein and crude fat. The highest seed index was Xinluzao 35, 10.23 g, the lowest was Y1164, 7.78 g; the water contents of XND1584 and r1164 were the highest, the water content of Xinluzao 38 was the lowest; the protein content of short node seed was 22.59 mg/g, and that of Tashkent 1 was the lowest, 3.84 mg/g; The crude fat content of Guanong No. 1 seed and P. japonicus seeds was the highest, which was 51.35 and 50.99, respectively, and XND1586 was the lowest 26.41%. 【Conclusion】The comprehensive seed index, water content, protein and crude fat clustered 14 materials into four categories. It has been identified that the test materials contain one high oil and high protein content material, four high oil content materials, and five high protein content materials.

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Effects of Land Reclamation Years on the Distribution Characteristics of Soil Salinity, Fertility and Nitrate Nitrogen under Mulching Drip Irrigation ZHANG Shao-min, BAI Deng-sha, LIU Sheng-lin, ZHOU Guang-wei, FENG Gu 2018, 55(11): 2060-2068.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (2877KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the sustainability of cotton planting in saline-alkali under mulching drip irrigation.【Method】The changes of soil salinity, pH, soil profile fertility and NO3- -N and NH4+-N were studied with the method of space-time conversion in different land plots with different reclamation years (0, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 15).【Result】The results showed that soil salt concentration decreased with the years of land cultivation. The decrease of total salt content was notable at the first four years of cultivation, the average salt content within 1m soil profile decreased by 75.8%, while it changed slowly during the 5 th-15 th years of cultivation with an average salt content of 0.72 ms/cm in 0-40 cm soil layer, but with a high pH value, about 9.0; The soil fertility was improved by cultivation, soil organic matter, Nmin and Olsen-P were increased significantly after land cultivation for 6 years. The farmland management measures (such as drip irrigation, fertilisation) increased the NO3- -N content in the whole 1m soil layer after cultivation. When land was reclaimed for 4 years with drip irrigation under plastic mulch, the soil NO3- -N already transferred to the soil depth of 80-100 cm.【Conclusion】The soil salinity was decreased and fertility was improved after saline-alkali land cultivation. The soil salt content was not limiting factor for cotton growth but probably for high soil pH after cultivation for 4 years, and at that time there was a risk of NO3- -N leaching to the soil layer below 1 m.

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Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients in Different Drip Irrigation Years of Winter Wheat LI Ya-li, LAI Ning, QIAO Jiang-fei, GENG Qing-long, CHEN Shu-huang 2018, 55(11): 2069-2079.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1087KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the change rule of soil available nutrient accumulation in wheat in different years of drip irrigation and to understand their spatial distribution characteristics.【Method】In this study, the soil of wheat field under drip irrigation for 1, 3, 5 and 7 years was used as the research object, and the spatial distribution characteristics of salinity in small-scale soil of different drip irrigation years were analyzed. Soil profile (0-60 cm) samples were collected, combined with continuous location monitoring, descriptive statistics and geostatistical analysis, to study the temporal and spatial variability of soil available nutrients in different drip irrigation years.【Result】The results showed that the maximum value of available nutrients was 0-20 cm soil layer and the minimum value was 40-60 cm soil layer in different years of drip irrigation and the available nutrient content in different soil layers showed weak variation and medium variation. Semi-variance function showed that the soil available nutrient contents in 1, 3, 5 and 7 years of drip irrigation were in accordance with the spherical model and Gaussian model, with significant spatial autocorrelation and moderate spatial correlation. The coefficient of lump gold was between 15.28% and 65.15%.【Conclusion】In conclusion, the soil available nutrients in different years of drip irrigation showed a downward trend with the increase of years, and their spatial distribution was mainly affected by human factors and random factors. The conclusion can provide theoretical and data reference for scientific management of soil survey and fertilization technology system for drip irrigation wheat.

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Expression Pattern and Correlation Analysis of the Halophyte Halostachys Caspica miR167d with Predictive Target Gene ARF8 under Salt Stress ZHANG Hui-zhen, HUANG Shi-ping, YANG Rui-rui, ZENG You-ling 2018, 55(11): 2080-2088.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1403KB) ( )   【Objective】 Halostachys caspica belonging to Chenopodiaceae is perennial halophyte with extremely strong resistance and strong adaptability to salinity. miR167 is an endogenous non-encoding RNA, which plays an important role in the auxin signaling pathway and it regulates the auxin genes expression by targeting ARFs. Differentially expressed miR167d was chosen from the species roots' small RNA libraries by the treatment of high salt stress (600 mmol/L NaCl) for 48 h and predictive target gene is ARF8 using the Halostachys caspica transcriptome data. In this paper, the expression pattern and correlation of this species' branches miR167d and predictive target gene HcARF8 were studied under high salt stress.【Method】qRT-PCR and tobacco transient expression experiments were carried to explore the expression pattern and correlation of the two genes miR167d and HcARF8 in the Halostachys caspica branches under salt stress. The full-length sequence of target gene HcARF8 was obtained by RACE and PCR technologies, and bioinformatics analysis was performed.【Result】(1) miR167d and HcARF8 of the Halostachys caspica branches were both induced under high salt stress by qRT-PCR, HcmiR167d was significantly up-regulated at 48 h and well negatively correlated with the predictive target gene, the expression of HcARF8 increased first and then decreased with the extension of salt-stressed treatment time. These two genes (HcmiR167d and HcARF8) might participate in the salt stress biological process. (2) Halostachys caspica ARF8 fusion GFP vector was transformed into agrobacterium and transformed tobacco, the result of tobacco transient expression showed that Arabidopsis thaliana miR167d had a shearing effect on HcARF8 gene, and then indirectly proved that HcmiR167d could cleave the predictive target gene HcARF8. (3) The obtained Halostachys caspica ARF8 gene was 2,861 bp, ORF 2,442 bp, coding 813 amino acid, which could be highly matched with HcmiR167d in the coding region. HcARF8 was highly conserved, and had 87% homology with the ARF8 of the species Beta vulgaris belonging to Chenopodiaceae, and had functional domains that could bind to auxin-related elements (B3 DNA binding element, auxin response element, auxin-induced transcription) by bioinformatics analysis.【Conclusion】miR167d and HcARF8 of the Halostachys caspica branches were both induced and had a good negative correlation under high salt stress. These results have laid some foundations for the further study on biological function and salt tolerant mechanism of the halophyte Halostachys caspica miR167d and its target gene ARF8.

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Research on the Biological Characteristics of Stephanitis naski in Shihezi City FU Chao, FENG Li-kai, ZHU Chun-lin, DONG Peng, LI Ming, CHEN Liu-sheng 2018, 55(11): 2089-2095.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1743KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this project is to study the main biological characteristics and occurrence regularity of Stephanotis nashi in Shihezi in the hope of providing basis for scientific prevention and control.【Method】Fixed-point and systematical investigation was carried out to determine the biological characteristics and occurrence regularity by indoor feeding of the insects, observation and photography of their morphological features. 【Result】Four generations of S. nashi could be found in Shihezi area: overwinter adults emerged in mid-April on pear trees when leaves began to germinate, and the first generation of nymphs appeared in late May. And when they were living in large groups, they would consume a lot of food, so the fourth and fifth nymphs alternated leaves to feeding. After June the generations overlapped, the hazard summit period was from the end of July to August. In late October, adults began to look for winter sites for overwintering (second and third generation field population fastigium).【Conclusion】The occurrence regularity of S. nashi in Shihezi was clarified: four generations in one year's time. The periods to control overwinter adults and the first generation nymphs were crucial to the controlling work.

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Comparison of Regulatory Effects of Multi-rotor Plant Protection Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Conventional Spraying of DPC on Cotton ZHAO Jing, XIN Fang, ZHOU Yue-ting, ZHAO Chang-rong, HAN Xiao-qiang, LIU Zheng, LIN Ke-jian, FU Wei 2018, 55(11): 2096-2104.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1046KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the application effect of spraying 1,1-dimethyl-piperidiniuchloride (DPC) on regulating cotton growth by multi-rotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV), we carried out the experiment of regulating the growth of cotton by JT-30 UAV.【Method】In this paper, the effects of DPC for cotton plant height, length of fruit branches and length of internodes sprayed by JT-30 UAV was studied.【Result】The plant height of cotton was effectively inhibited after spraying 5 d, 10 d, and 14 d by JT-30 UVA, and the inhibition rates were 7.26%, 15.81% and 21.17%, respectively. The corresponding inhibition rates after spraying 5 d, 10 d, and 14 d by boom sprayer were 8.55%, 16.81% and 22.80%, respectively. The results showed that the inhibition effect on the plant height by spraying DPC on cotton by JT-30 plant protection UAV was equivalent to that of DPC sprayed by rod sprayer. Namely, there was no significant difference between the two kinds of application instruments. Similar results were also observed in the length of fruit branches, length of internodes, and the height of the first fruiting branches. In addition, high concentration of DPC did not show any effect of drug damage on cotton.【Conclusion】The above results showed that DPC sprayed by plant protection UAV could effectively promote the vegetative growth of cotton to the transfer of reproductive growth, create a good plant type and increase the boll rate, which displayed the same equivalent effect as boom sprayer and reached the requirements of cultivation management. The study of this paper was of high theoretical significance for the mechanization, modernization and standardization of machine-made cotton.

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Evaluation of Controlling Effects of 9 Fungicides against Rice Blast in Oasis Rice Zone of Xinjiang Desert Region GAO Hai-feng, CHEN Li, BAI Wei-wei, CUI Yan-hua, Raxida Abdurahman, LI Guang-kuo 2018, 55(11): 2105-2111.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (720KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of present study is to conduct experiments to screen fungicides in the hope of providing guidance for scientific control of rice blast in Xinjiang.【Method】Randomized block design was used to investigate the occurrence of rice blast at fixed spots, and the effect of fungicides on rice blast was evaluated.【Result】The result showed that, fourteen days after fungicides were used, the treatments of 75% tricyclazole WP with the dosage of 225 g a. i/hm2, 325 g/L difenoconazole-azoxystrobin SC with the dosage of 243.75 g a. i/hm2, 2% kasugamycin SL with the dosage of 30 g a. i/hm2 and 500 g/L thiophanate-methyl SC with the dosage of 1,125 g a. i/hm2 had better effect on Magnaporthe oryzae, and their control effects were 72.63%, 71.77%, 61.48%, 61.27%, respectively. There was no abnormal effect on the growth and development of rice treated with various insecticides and no drug damage was found in all the treatments.【Conclusion】The control effects of 75% tricyclazole WP with the dosage of 225 g a. i/hm2, 325 g/L difenoconazole-azoxystrobin SC with the dosage of 243.75 g a. i/hm2, 2% kasugamycin SL with the dosage of 30 g a. i/hm2 and 500 g/L thiophanate-methyl SC with the dosage of 1,125 g a. i/hm2 were quite effective to control rice blast and safe to the growth of rice, so it was strongly suggested that they could be applied alternately in rice production in the field.

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Isolation and Identification of ACC Deamiase Producing Bacteria in the soil of Halostachys caspica ZHANG Pan, WANG Wei-nan, FAN Yong-hong 2018, 55(11): 2112-2121.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1824KB) ( )   【Objective】 Plant rhizosphere-promoting bacteria with ACC deaminase activity can increase plant stress resistance and promote plant growth under adverse conditions such as heavy metal pollution, salt stress or drought. Plant rhizosphere-promoting strains with high ACC deaminase activity will being screened.【Method】The rhizosphere soil of the Halostachys caspica soil in Xinjiang saline-alkali soil was used as the sample source, and ACC was the only nitrogen source. The ACC deaminase-producing strain was screened by the method of directional enrichment. Morphological observation was carried out by scanning electron microscopy; physiological and biochemical tests such as Gram staining, nitrate reduction test and citrate utilization, Biolog Gen III plate microwell Identification and 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis were used to identify the isolated strains.【Result】Three strains with ACC deaminase activity were screened. The scanned electron microscopy showed that all the three strains were Brevibacterium, Gram staining was Negative, all spores, nitrate reduction test were positive, and citrate could be used. The three Strains: 1#, 3# and 5#, the specific activities of the ACC deaminase activities were 0.012, 0.012 and 0.014 U/mg. There was significant difference in enzyme activity between 1# and 5#, 3# and 5# (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in enzyme activity between 1# and 3# (P<0.05). The isolated strains 1#, 3# and 5# were respectively identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, using Biolog Gen III plate microwell and 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis. 【Conclusion】The results of this study laid the foundation for further research on the plant growth-promoting effects of ACC deaminase active strains.

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Study on Optimizing Liquid Fermentation Conditions of Aspergillus niger and Its Degradation Effect on Cotton Stalk with Double Indexes GUO Kai, HOU Min, BAO Hui-fang, WANG Ning, ZHAN Fa-qiang, YANG Rong, YANG Wen-qi, LONG Xuan-qi, CUI Wei-dong 2018, 55(11): 2122-2133.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (2112KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to investigate the degradation effect of Aspergillus niger on cotton straw by using the Carboxymethylcellulose sodium enzyme activity,(CMCase) and the Filter paper enzyme activity (FPAase) as two indexes to optimize the liquid fermentation conditions of Aspergillus niger ZD to produce cellulase by response surface methodology.【Method】The main influencing factors were initially determined by single factor experiment, and through the optimization of the factors and interaction by Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken, the cellulose content in cotton straw was determined. 【Result】The single factor experiment determined that the carbon source was starch, the nitrogen source was peptone, the inorganic salt was K2HPO4, the culture time was 168 h, the rotation speed was 150 r/min, the temperature was 30℃, and the inoculum volume was 7%. The significant factors affecting enzyme production selected by Plackett-Burman design were: starch mass concentration, peptone mass concentration, rotational speed and inoculation amount. Finally, the optimal fermentation conditions for enzyme production were determined by Box-behnken, the starch mass concentration was 1.21 g/100 mL, the peptone mass concentration was 0.25 g/100 mL, and the K2HPO4 mass concentration was 0.1 g. /100 mL, culture time 168 h, speed 170 r/min, temperature 30℃, inoculum 7.8%, 35.96% higher than the initial fermentation conditions. 【Conclusion】The use of Aspergillus niger to degrade cotton stalks by liquid fermentation is effective, because it can effectively degrade cellulose and hemicellulose in cotton stalks, which shows that it is promising to use fungi to make stalks to forage.

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Effects of Short-term Non-grazing on Community Characteristics and Carbon Density in Seriphidium borotalense Desert Berdaulet Xihayi, DONG Yi-qiang, AN Sha-zhou , LIU Hui-min 2018, 55(11): 2134-2141.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1162KB) ( )   【Objective】 This research aims to clarify the effects of non-grazing (NG) on the community characteristics, plant diversity and the ecosystem carbon pool in the hope of providing a scientific basis for the restoration and scientific management for the degraded desert grassland.【Method】The community characteristics, the plant diversity and the ecosystem carbon pool in the Seriphidium borotalense desert for 4 years fencing in Bole were studied by using the method of combination field survey with the laboratory analysis.【Result】(1) Compared with freely grazing, the community height, coverage, density, diversity index, evenness index and richness index decreased(P>0.05)by 6.2%-48.4% in NG plots; (2) Non-grazing had a negative effect on the accumulation of biomass. Stem, litter and below-ground (0-100 cm soil layers) biomass significantly decreased(P>0.05)by 18.6%-31.1% and the root-shoot ratio did not change significantly after NG; (3) Non-grazing reduced the above-ground biomass carbon density and soil organic carbon content, and the soil upper layer (0-50 cm) organic carbon density decreased by 53.5-233.6 g/m2.【Conclusion】On the whole, short-term non-grazing is not conducive to the maintenance of biodiversity and the accumulation of carbon pool in ecosystem of Seriphidium borotalense desert grassland, so it is suggested that other restoration measures should be combined with fertilization and supplementary sowing on the basis of fencing measures.

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Induction and Transcriptomics Analysis of Ovine iPS Cells ZHANG Yi-yuan, GUO Yang-hua, WANG Cong-hui, TANG Hong, NAN Hai-yan, WANG Li-min, ZHOU Pin 2018, 55(11): 2142-2149.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (2696KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to establish sheep (ovis aries) induced multifunctional cell lines in the hope of laying the foundation for sheep transgenic breeding.【Method】Colonies derived from ovine fibroblasts transfected with OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, 1-Myc and Lin 28 by electroporation displayed smooth domes with sharp edges when grown in human iPSCs medium. Morphology, alkaline phosphatase(AP) staining, immunofluorescence staining and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the biological characteristics of cloned cells. Also, the experiment adopted the high fluxtranscriptome sequencing technology to screen the differentially expressed genes of 0 d, 10 d, 20 d and 30 d cloned cells.【Result】The results showed that the SOX2, OCT4, SSEA-1 protein and immunofluorescence staining of the cloned cells were positive. The expression of OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog genes in cloned cells were significantly higher than those in fibroblasts. The results of 0 d and 30 d transcriptom sequencing showed that 9,465 differentially expressed genes were annotated to the GO database, of which 6,987 were up-regulated and 2,478 were down-regulated. The KEGG analysis had a total of 5,773 genes annotated to 259 pathways, of which the P53 signaling pathway was significantly enriched. What happened here played a very important role in stem cell proliferation.【Conclusion】The above results suggest that ovine induced pluripotent stem cells have been successfully established, which had laid the foundation for further study and application of ovine induced pluripotent stem cells.

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Amplification and Analysis of 3' -end Sequences of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Aftosa)Virus Genome LI Jin-na, MIAO Shu-kui, MA Wen-ge, WEI Yu-rong, WANG Ping, XIA Jun, LU Gui-li, MI Xiao-yun, Shayilan Kayizha, WANG Yan, WEI Jie, HUANG Jiong 2018, 55(11): 2150-2156.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (1207KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to amplify the 3'-end sequences of the O/Akesu/58 CE39A strain and conduct analysis of the nucleotide sequence in order to lay the foundation for the study of the reversed genetics of foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV).【Method】The 3' -end sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus genome was amplified by general PCR and 3' RACE, and analyzed by molecular biology software.【Result】The 3'-end sequence of FMDV genome was successfully amplified and the length of 3'UTR was 98 nt, but the lengths of Poly (A) were different (19, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29 and 43). The secondary structure of 3'UTR sequence contained two stem-loop structures, which were located in 8 101-8 140 nt and 8 146-8 190 nt, respectively. The 3'-end sequence of O/Akesu/58 CE39A showed the highest homologous with reported strain O/MAY/3/2014 (GenBank accession no. KY322672) and O/IND26 (54) /2014 (GenBank accession no. KJ825807), and the similarity of these two reported strains with O/Akesu/58 CE39A was up to 89.8%.【Conclusion】The 3'-end sequences can be amplified by general PCR and 3'RACE. The length of Poly (A) of the same virus strain is related to the method used in gene amplification. The lengths of Poly (A) of different viruses are different, which may be attributed to the virus itself, or may be caused by different amplification methods. Poly (A) is either amplified or unsuccessful. The reason for the failure may be that the structure of the 3'-end is complex, so it is difficult to amplify.