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20 December 2018, Volume 55 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of Nitric Oxide on Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Peaches Stored at Low Temperature HU Shan, YE Zhi-heng, FENG Jian-rong, ZHU Shu-hua, 2018, 55(12): 2157-2165.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (2412KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on mitochondrial oxidative damage in peach fruit stored at 0℃.【Method】Peaches were treated with 15 μmol/L NO, 5 μmol/L c-PTIO (NO scavenger) and control to measure the related quality indexes of peach fruits, at 0 ℃ such as the mitochondrial integrity, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant enzyme activity peaches.【Result】NO could maintain the firmness, decline the L value and the content of soluble solid of peaches, reduce the oxygen consumption and the content of ROS, regulate the mitochondrial respiratory control rate (RCR), mitochondrial membrane potential, the content of mitochondrial cytochrome C and the activity of antioxidant enzyme during the storage eperiod.【Conclusion】NO can maintain the mitochondrial integrity by decreasing mitochondrial oxidative damage, so as to prolong the storage of peaches.

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Effect of Drying Process on the Color and the Changes of Secondary Metabolites in Centennial Seedless Raisin XIE Hui, ZHANG Wen, WANG Min, HAN Shou-an, ZHONG Hai-xia, CAO Yu-xin, PAN Ming-qi, LU Sheng-zu 2018, 55(12): 2166-2174.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1251KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of different drying methods on color and secondary metabolites of raisin in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving traditional technology of drying processes.【Method】With the white seedless grape as the research material, the samples were collected regularly during the drying process: air drying and sun drying to determine the moisture activity, the color, phenols, ketones and aroma substances for analyzing their differences and variation trends.【Result】The drying rate of sun drying was significantly higher than that of air drying. The change of moisture activity in grape fruit was lower than that in dry grape fruit. The water activity in the grape fruit by air drying was slower than that in the grape fruit by sun drying, which was conducive to the formation of green raisins. The contents of total flavonoids and polyphenols in dried raisins decreased first and then increased after sun drying and air drying. The total flavonoids and polyphenols in air dried raisins were higher than those in sun dried raisins. During the drying process, the types and contents of aromas showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The kinds of free and bonded aroma in dried raisins were higher than those in drying treatments. 【Conclusion】The drying rate and the change of water activity in air dried grapes are lower than those in sun dried ones. The change of green color is the initial stage of drying, and the 4-6 d of drying is a key period for making differences. In addition, the aroma components, total flavonoids and polyphenols in the grape fruit can be well preserved.

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The Change of Endogenous Hormone Content in Zizyphus Jujube Seedlings Treated by NaCl TU Wen-wen, LU Xiao-yan, WANG Xiao-li, BAI Ru 2018, 55(12): 2175-2187.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (2736KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different concentrations of NaCl on endogenous hormones in leaves and roots of jujube seedlings. 【Method】HPLC method was applied to determine the contents of abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellin and zeatin in leaves and roots of Zizyphus jujube seedlings treated by NaCl with different concentrations and various treating times.【Result】Compared with 0 mmol/L NaCl treatment, ABA content in leaves and roots of Zizyphus jujube seedlings treated for the same time increased significantly under 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol/L NaCl treatment, contents of IAA, ZT, GA3 as well as the ratio of IAA/ABA, GA3/ABA decreased remarkably. Compared with 0 h treatment, the ABA content in leaves and roots of Zizyphus jujube treated by NaCl with different concentrations increased noticeably with the increase of treating time, and ratios of IAA/ABA, GA3/ABA decreased dramatically. Under 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment, contents of GA3, IAA and ZT in leaves and roots of Zizyphus jujube decreased obviously.【Conclusion】Under NaCl treatment, when the treating time was the same, Zizyphus jujube seedling adapted to salt stress by increasing ABA content while decreasing contents of IAA, ZT, GA3 and ratios of IAA/ABA, GA3/ABA in its leaves and roots.

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A Study on the Dynamic Changes of Mineral Element Contents in Different Parts of Roughbark Fruit of Korla Fragrant Pear Xiarepati Aizezi, QIN Wei-ming, Nuermaimaiti Aimaiti, Ailijiang Maimaiti, Qiman Younusi 2018, 55(12): 2188-2195.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (12785KB) ( )   【Objective】 By analyzing the changes of mineral elements in pericarp, pulp and core of Korla fragrant pear during its growing and developing period, the relationship between supply and demand of mineral elements in different parts of the roughbark fruit was studied.【Method】Calcium compound reagent was sprayed in rough orchard every 20 days from May 30 and the fruits of each experiment were sampled to determine the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in different parts of the fruit. 【Result】Expansion period to maturity,the content of calcium in the peel, pulp and fruit core of the persistent calyx and dropping calyx roughbark fruit was significantly lower than that of the persistent calyx and dropping calyx normal fruit, while the N, P and K contents were significantly higher than those of the persistent calyx and dropping calyx normal fruit; The content of Mg in the peel, pulp and fruit core of the persistent calyx and dropping calyx roughbark fruit was significantly lower than that of the persistent calyx and dropping calyx normal fruit at the mature period, and there was no significant difference during the expansion period. Whether it was roughbark fruit, normal fruit or calcium treated fruit, the order of Ca element accumulation was as follows: peel > fruit core > pulp, and the order of N element accumulation was as follows: fruit core > peel > pulp. The content of P element in the pulp of the inflated period was higher than that in the peel and the fruit core, and the content of P element in the fruit core of the mature period was higher than that in the peel and pulp. There were no regular changes of K and Mg in different parts of fruit.【Conclusion】The formation of roughbark fruit may be related to the excessive content of N,P and K in the pericarp, pulp and fruit core, but not to to the uneven distribution of Ca, N and P elements in different parts of the fruit.

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Effects of Warming Treatments at Flowering Stage on Assimilate Accumulation, Fruit Setting Rate and Abscission of Calyx in Korla Fragrant Pear Nuermaimaiti Aimeiti, QIN Wei-ming, Xiarepati Aizezi, Ailijiang Maimaiti, LI Yun, Qiman Yunus 2018, 55(12): 2196-2202.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1188KB) ( )   【Objective】 The effects of warming treatments during the flowering period on calyx abscission rate, fruit setting rate and their relationship with assimilate accumulation were studied to determine the mechanism of flowering temperature changes on fruit development of Korla fragrant pear.【Method】"Korla fragrant pear" was used as experimental material with warming treatment in early flowering and full bloom stage to measure the changes of fruit assimilates at the beginning of fruit setting stage, sepal dissociation formation stage and sepal shedding stage and observe the calyx abscission rate and fruit setting rate.【Result】Compared with control, the calyx abscission rate was decreased with warming treatment at different flowering stages, and reached the significant level at full flowering stage treatment,which decreased 2.29 times. The soluble sugar and sucrose content of fruit at the beginning of fruit setting stage was increased significantly, 1.86 and 2.79 times higher than those of the control respectively after full flowering treatment, but there was no significant difference between the early flowering treatment and the control. Soluble sugar content, sucrose and starch content in abscission zone non-formed fruits were higher than those of abscission zone formed fruits. During the period of calyx abscission, fructose and starch contents in persistent calyx fruits were higher than those of abscisic calyx fruits.【Conclusion】Warming treatment at the early flowering stage has no significant effect on calyx abscission rate and fruit assimilate accumulation at the beginning of fruit setting stage, but the warming treatment at the peak flowering stage promoted the fruit assimilate accumulation, and then inhibited the falling off of sepals.

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Effects of Different Fertilization Amounts on Growth, Yield and Appearance Quality of Lycium barbarum in Southern Xinjiang ZHANG Yan-hong, WEI Yan-hong, ZHENG Guo-bao, WANG Xin-yong, LIU Guo-hong, ZHANG Yuan-pei, LI Miao 2018, 55(12): 2203-2211.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1189KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of different fertilization amounts on theLycium barbarum (wolfberry) growth, chlorophyll, fruit yield and fruit appearance quality under the condition of drip irrigation, in the hope of providing a scientific basis for rational fertilization in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】The 4-year-old "Ningqi No.1" was used as the experimental material, a total of 5 treatments were set up, which were repeated 3 times, and 5 fertilization levels were set up: no fertilization (control), low fertilizer level, medium fertilizer level, high fertilizer level and farmers' customary fertilization level. They were recorded as CK, F1, F2, F3 and F4. The fertilization amount of each treatment was fertilized in the vegetative growth period, the flowering result period and the autumn fruit period according to the 30%, 40% and 30% of the fertilization amount. The effects of different fertilization amounts on soil nutrient status, net growth of plant, dry fresh fruit yield, chlorophyll content and fruit appearance quality were analyzed.【Result】With the increase of fertilization amount, the soil surface nutrient accumulation increased, the pH value decreased, and the total salt content increased. The increase in the amount of fertilizer significantly increased the number of fruiting shoots, the number of new shoots and the number of longest new shoots; The amount of fertilizer applied had a significant effect on the yield. The yield from high to low was F3>F2>F4>F1>CK. The value of SPDA increased with the increase of fertilization. However, with the advancement of fertility, the value of SPDA decreased; With the advancement of fertility process, the SPDA value showed a downward trend in general. The particle size, longitudinal diameter and 100-grain weight increased with the increase of fertilizer application. 【Conclusion】Under the drip irrigation condition, the fertilization amount of 67.5 kg/667 m2 (N: P2O5:K2O=1:0.75:0.5) can promote the growth ofLycium barbarum plant and improve the yield and appearance quality, which is suitable for the growth ofLycium barbarum.

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Effects of Irrigation Amount on Water Use Efficiency, Fruit Yield and Fruit Quality ofLycium barbarum in Arid Area ZHENG Guo-bao, ZHANG Yan-hong, ZHANG Yuan-pei, LI Miao, WEI Yan-hong 2018, 55(12): 2212-2219.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1394KB) ( )   【Objective】 The non-weighing lysimeter was used to study the effects of deficit irrigation on water use efficiency, fruit yield andLycium barbarum fruit quality, and provide a theoretical basis for water-saving irrigation in arid areas.【Method】Five year oldLycium barbarum "Ningqi No. 1" was used as the research object to carry out experiments with different irrigation amounts. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments and the amount of customary irrigation of the farmers was used as a control. The treatment was treated with 2/3, 1/2 and 1/4 of the customary irrigation amount, denoted as L1, L2, L3 and L4, respectively. Each treatment was repeated 3 times to analyze the effects of various treatments on water consumption, yield, water use efficiency and theLycium barbarum quality.【Result】With the increase of irrigation amount, the water consumption ofLycium barbarum increased in each growth stage, and the water consumption of the control was the largest in the different growth stages of the treatment; The effect of irrigation amount on the shape index and the content of total flavonoids inLycium barbarum was not significant; With the decrease of irrigation amount, the degree of water stress ofLycium barbarum increased, the diameter of fruit, the content of total flavonoids and polysaccharides decreased, the transpiration and transpiration decreased, and the yield decreased significantly. Compared with the control, the difference between the treatments was significant, and each treatment showed a decrease in yield, which was 11.31% (L2), 43.07% (L3), and 45.69% (L4).【Conclusion】To sum up, according to the principle of maximum benefit and the principle of sustainable use of soil moisture, in the production practice, the irrigation volume of 453.30 m3/667 m2 is the appropriate irrigation amount forLycium barbarum (wolfberry).

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Research on the Texture Classification of Dried Hami Jujube Based on Convolutional Neural Network LUO Xiu-zhi, MA Ben-xue, LI Xiao-xia, HU Yang-yang, WANG Wen-xia, LEI Sheng-yuan 2018, 55(12): 2220-2227.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1741KB) ( )   【Objective】 Texture detection and grading of dried Hami jujube is a difficult problem to realize the automatic classification of the dried date appearance quality, therefore, a method of texture classification of Hami jujube based on convolutional neural network was proposed.【Method】In this method, color images of uniform size were input into the network, and the convolutional kernel automatically extracted its texture features, and then classified them.【Result】Experimental results showed that the CNN could solve the problem of texture classification of Hami dried jujube, and the accuracy rate of the classification was up to 97.7%.【Conclusion】Compared with the commonly used gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) to extract the texture characteristics (maximum probability, correlation, contrast, energy, homogeneity and entropy) of Hami dried jujube, and then compared with the accuracy classified by BP neural network (BP) and aupport vector machines (SVM), this method avoided complicated texture extraction and image preprocessing, and the recognition rate was higher when the test time was similar.

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Effects of Cotton on Soil Salt and Ion Transport under Drip Irrigation QI Tong, ZHANG Yu-ling, XU Fei, HUANG Jian, WANG Xin-yong, MA Xue-qin 2018, 55(12): 2228-2235.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1150KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to explore the effect of cotton on salt and ion transport, and to explore the rule and mechanism of salt transport in cotton fields under drip irrigation.【Method】In this porject, the salinized soil in the plot was mixed by field microarea experiment, and the experimental treatment of cotton planting and non-planting cotton was set up to study the characteristics of soil salt ion transport in cotton field. 【Result】The results showed that the contents of soil salt, negative and positive ions in 0-40 cm soil layer decreased significantly due to irrigation, and the concentration increased in 40-60 cm soil layer to form an ion accumulation area. The cotton planting process had a certain impact on the total soil salt and negative and positive ions in the 0-30 cm soil layer, but the significant impact was on the content of total salt, Cl- and SO42- in the 10-20 cm soil layer. The migration process was slowed down, and the effect on other ions did not reach a significant level, with little effect on soil pH value.【Conclusion】The cotton planting process significantly affected the downward migration of total salt, Cl- and SO42- ions in the soil layer of 10-20 cm.

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Effects of Spring and Winter Wheat Sown before Winter on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield XUE Li-hua , Sai lihan·Sai, ZENG Chao-wu, ZHANG Yong-qiang, CHEN Chuan-xin, CHEN Xing-wu, LEI Jun-jie 2018, 55(12): 2236-2241.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1137KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide guidance for high-yield cultivation of late maturing crops in northern Xinjiang.【Method】The experiments was conducted in a field on two varieties,'Xindong 41'and 'Xinchun 29'and two sowing dates (B1 (October 25) and B2(November 5) were set to study the effects of winter and spring wheat sowing before winter on dry matter accumulation and yield. The experiment was a randomize block design with three replication.【Result】The results showed that, the growth period of winter wheat was less than 2-5 days than spring wheat, leaf area index (LAI) of the winter wheat was higher than that of spring wheat on October 25th sowing, but LAI of the winter wheat was lower than that of spring wheat on November 5th sowing. The later the winter wheat was sown, the more unfavorable dry matter accumulation was, but spring wheat sown before winter (seeded after October 25) had little effect on dry matter accumulation.【Conclusion】The yield of spring wheat (5,483.6 kg/hm2) was higher than that of winter wheat (4,562.7 kg/hm2) after on November 5 seed sowing, spring wheat planted close to the snow (November 5) was more conductive to high yield than winter wheat.

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Effects of Different Calcium Applications on Some Economic Characters and Yield of Peanuts YU Bo-cheng, XIAO Ying, CHEN Jiang-qing, SONG Zheng-hai, WANG Qiao-jiang, SONG Xin-tang, ZHANG Zhi-meng 2018, 55(12): 2242-2250.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1118KB) ( )   【Objective】 The yield of peanut in Xinjiang is high and the quality is good, so Xinjiang becomes one of the regions for peanut development in China. The soil here is alkaline and the content of organic matter is low, which will lead to insufficient supply capacity of available calcium. Peanut is a kind of crop with high calcium demand, and its yield and quality will be affected by the shortage of calcium supply. If the supply of calcium is insufficient, the yield and quality of peanut will be affected. In this test, the effects of different calcium fertilization on peanuts in Xinjiang were preliminarily compared and a relatively good fertilization method was explored.【Method】The effects of four fertilization treatments on some economic characters and yield per plant of peanut were studied and analyzed in order to achieve the experimental design goals.【Result】Rational application of calcium fertilizer could not only increase the number and the weight of double-kerneled pod of peanuts, but also increase the weight of 100-seeds. The yield per plant of peanuts was the highest when calcium fertilizer was applied in the seed-setting layer of soil. 【Conclusion】Reasonable application of calcium nitrate fertilizer on cultivated land in Xinjiang can increase peanut yield significantly. Fertilization effect can be fully realized only when calcium is applied in the fruiting layer of soil. When calcium fertilizer is applied in the seed-setting layer, the correlation between economic traits and total fruit weight per plant are more reasonable and the factor structure is more favorable, which is beneficial to the realization of the high yield of peanut.

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Effects of Straw Returning on Maize Production and Soil Microorganism under Drip Irrigation in Arid Regions MENG Chao-ran, BAI Ru-xiao, YANG Peng-hui, ZHANG Hao-yu, WEI Chang-zhou 2018, 55(12): 2251-2260.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1379KB) ( )   【Objective】 Xinjiang is one of the most important maize producing areas in China. The project aims to study the effects of straw returning amounts on maize production and soil microbial diversity under drip irrigation in the arid region of northern Xinjiang in the hope of providing a scientific basis for achieving the win-win between soil and crops, and theoretical support for the sustainable development of agriculture.【Method】By designing straw returning test with the amounts of 18 t/hm2, 9 t/hm2 and 0 t/hm2 under drip irrigation in arid regions, the maize biomass, grain yield and quality of grain were studied. And the functional diversity of the soil microbial communities was also detected using automatic microbial identification system (Biolog-Eco).【Result】The results showed that straw returning to fields could significantly improve the utilization of carbon sources by soil microbes significantly and positive changes had taken place in the diversity of soil microbial species and the evenness of community species. The difference in soil microbial community functional diversity caused by straw returning was mainly reflected in the degree of utilization of carbohydrates, polymers, and amino acid carbon sources; Straw returning could also significantly increase the dry weight accumulation of maize in the middle and late stages of growth period. The treatments of 18 t/hm2 and 9 t/hm2 increased maize yield by 13.56% and 5.48% compared to 0 t/hm2 treatment; Protein and fat contents of maize grain significantly increased by 0.43% and 0.39% under 18 t/hm2 compared with 0 t/hm2.【Conclusion】Under the condition of this study, straw returning to fields can improve soil microbial functional diversity and increase maize yield and quality.

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Effects of Improvers and Moisture on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Caragana roborovskyi JIANG Xue-lian, HUANG Jun-hua, RUAN Xiao, WANG Yan-yan 2018, 55(12): 2261-2270.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1080KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen suitable improvement schemes for the growth ofCaragana roborovskyi seedlings in saline-alkali soil, so as to accelerate the popularization and application ofC. roborovskyi seedlings under salt-drought stress. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different soil moisture conditions and three improvers on the growth and physiological characteristics ofC. roborovskyi seedlings in saline-alkali soil by using the orthogonal design of water and amendments. 【Result】The growth and physiological indexes ofC. roborovskyi seedlings treated with modifier and water were significantly better than those of the control. In a drought-prone (180.3 mm) environment, the application of humic acid and water-soluble organic acid as the main components of the modifier had the best effect, which were higher that those of the control in plant height (2.46 cm), ground diameter (0.53 cm), main root length (12.63 cm). At the same time, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings were significantly increased, and the accumulation of malondialdehyde was reduced (46.3%). 【Conclusion】The application of humic acid and water-soluble organic acid as main component improvers can effectively promote seedling growth and can be applied to the management ofC. roborovskyi seedlings in arid saline-alkali areas.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal (Metalloid) Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk for Farmland Soil in Yutian County of Xinjiang SUN Ying, ZHOU Jin-long, ZENG Yan-yan, CHEN Yun-fei, WANG Song-tao, DU Jiang-yan 2018, 55(12): 2271-2278.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1164KB) ( )   【Objective】 Based on the land geochemical survey data in Yutian County, Xinjiang, the content characteristics of eight heavy metals (metalloid) (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn) were analyzed, which might provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal (metalloid) pollution and risk control of farmland soil in this area. 【Method】According to the latest trial "Soil environmental quality - risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land (GB15618-2018) ", the single factor index method and Nemerow comprehensive index method were used to evaluate the pollution of heavy metals (metalloid) in soil, and the potential ecological risk index method was used to conduct quantitative evaluation of potential ecological risk in soil.【Result】Among the 484 groups of farmland soil in Yutian County, the three sampling points exceeded the risk screening value, and there were no sampling points exceeding the risk control value. In addition to Cd, Cr and Hg, the average contents of other heavy metal (metalloid) elements in soil were lower than the background values in Xinjiang.【Conclusion】In addition to As element, the single pollution index of heavy metals in the soil were less than 1.0, indicating that only As element was enriched in the soil of the study area, and the soil might be contaminated by human activities; the results of Nemerow comprehensive index showed that the study area was in a safe state, with light pollution and alert status accounting for 0.2% and 0.4% respectively; the potential ecological risk of heavy metals (metalloid) in soil were low, and the sampling points were all in the light ecological risk.

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A Statistical Method for Counting Cotton Aphis under Complex Background in Cotton Field Based on Digital Image GU Jia-min, WANG Pei-ling, LIU Yang-tian, GAO Pan, GUO Wen-chao 2018, 55(12): 2279-2287.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (20917KB) ( )   【Objective】 This paper aims to present a new automatic counting method for cotton aphids in the hope of achieving the rapid and accurate counting of aphids in cotton fields under complex backgrounds. 【Method】A large amount of RGB data of cotton aphids was analyzed by a K-means clustering algorithm to obtain an accurate model. Autonomous structural elements were used to complete the corrosion de-noising, and a modulo operation was performed on the number of pixels in the overlapping area. First, the noises were divided into 13 categories according to the colors of images, and the aphids were divided into 7 types. Then, the aphids were classified again after the RGB data of each type was obtained. The data were then analyzed to establish models for the color segmentation of aphids and noises. Next, the association of autonomous structural elements was established according to the principle of statistics, and the optimal structure elements of the images with different noise levels were selected for corrosion de-noising. Finally, the number of cotton aphids in the overlapping area was counted by performing a modulo operation based on the number of pixels of the overlapping area and the expected size of the single-headed aphids. 【Result】Experimental results showed that the method proposed in this paper can effectively and accurately count cotton aphids in cotton fields under a complex background with an average accuracy of 86.47%. Besides this, in the process of image processing, the dependence of the algorithm on threshold was greatly reduced and the problem of image adhesion segmentation of cotton aphid was solved effectively. Finally, the count of cotton aphid in complex background based on digital image was completed.【Conclusion】

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The Method of Cotton Leaf Segmentation under the Complex Background in Cotton Fields GAO Pan, QIAN Yu-shan, WANG Pei-ling , L Xin 2018, 55(12): 2288-2295.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1886KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to solve the problem of rapid identification of cotton leaf diseases under complex background in cotton field, it is very important to extract cotton plants and segment cotton leaves. Therefore, this paper proposes a fast method of extracting cotton plants and segmenting cotton leaves. 【Method】Firstly, the cotton plant was separated from soil by RGB color feature of cotton plant, and then the stem of cotton plant was removed by combining morphological processing technology and color segmentation method. Then, the cotton leaf image was segmented and extracted by breadth search segmentation algorithm, watershed segmentation algorithm and contour search segmentation algorithm, respectively. 【Result】【Conclusion】The results showed that the watershed segmentation algorithm based on distance transformation had the problem of over-segmentation. The combination of breadth-first search and edge detection had a significant effect on image segmentation with clear blade structure, but compared with contour search algorithm, the latter had a wider applicability, clear contour hierarchy structure and the best segmentation effect.

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Efficacy Evaluation of Different Weed Control Methods for Transplanted Paddy in Xinjiang GAO Hai-feng, WEN Xiao-rong, CHEN Li, BAI Wei-wei, TANG Fu-sen, KANG Min-tai, MA Ji-yuan, LI Guang-kuo 2018, 55(12): 2296-2304.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1061KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of the present study is to screen herbicides with better control effect on weeds of transplanted paddy field through closed soil treatment before transplanting and spraying treatment with stems and leaves after transplanting in order to provide guidance for scientific, safe and efficient application of such herbicides. 【Method】Randomized block design was used to research the number and the fresh weight of weeds at fixed spots, and the effect of herbicides on weeds and safety to transplanted paddy was evaluated.【Result】40% Penoxsulam Machette SC 750 g a.i./hm2 +30% bensulfuron methyl WP 67.50 g a.i./hm2, 500 g/L pretilachlor EC 525 g a.i./hm2+30% bensulfuron methyl WP 67.50 g a.i./hm2 and 60% butachlor EC1260 g a.i./hm2+30% bensulfuron methyl WP67.50 g a.i./hm2 were used for soil treatment before transplanting rice, and after 20 days, 25 g/L penoxsulam OD 30 g a.i./hm2+30% bensulfuron methyl WP 45 g a.i./hm2 was used for spray treatment, which the control effect on annual weeds in transplanted paddy fields was above 89%, and the control effect of fresh weight was over 97%. After 45 days, 3% florpyrauxifen EC 36 g a.i./hm2 was used for stem and leaf spray treatment, the control effect on echinochloa crusgalli and alternanthera philoxeroides was 100%, and the plant and fresh weight control of annual weeds in transplanted paddy fields were above 91%.【Conclusion】In the paddy field, the damage of scripus planiculmis, echinochloa crusgalli and alternanthera philoxeroides is the main damage to the field. Soil treatment can be carried out by mixing 500 g / L propachlor EC or 40% pentafluoro-butachlor suspension or 60% butachlor EC with 30% benzyl sulfamethasone wettable powder. If the soil is not treated with herbicides, 3% florpyrauxifen EC can be used to control echinochloa crusgalli and alternanthera philoxeroides.

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Study on Ecological Stoichiometry of Two Plants in Seriphidium transiliense Desert Grassland FAN Yan-min, WU Hong-qi, HOU Yan-na, Aikebaer Anwar, Gulbostan Erken 2018, 55(12): 2305-2311.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1049KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the changes of the ecological stoichiometry of the major plants in the restoration of the degraded Seriphidium transiliense desert grassland in the hope providing the theoretical basis for the grassland restoration in the arid region. 【Method】S. transiliense and Kochia prostrata in desert grassland were taken as the research objects to study the nutrient utilization strategies of the two plants and the effects of enclosure on the eco-stoichiometric characteristics of the two plants, the contents of C, N, P, K and stoichiometric ratios were analyzed, and the eco-stoichiometric characteristics were compared under grazing and enclosure conditions.【Result】The P (0.82 g/kg) content of S. transiliense was significantly higher than that of K. prostrata (0.58 g/kg), but the N (15.11 g/kg) and K (13.06 g/kg) contents and N/P (22.46) of S. transiliense were significantly lower than thaose of K. prostrata N (25.14 g/kg), K (21.17 g/kg) and N/P (43.75) (P<0.01). Enclosure improved the environment of desert grassland, but compared with grazing, the C, N, P, K contents and stoichiometric ratios of the two plants were not significant. 【Conclusion】The nutrient utilization strategies of S. transiliense and K. prostrata are different. S. transiliense mainly absorbs P, while K. prostrata mainly absorbs N and K. The growth rate of S. transiliense is higher than that of K. prostrata. The eco-stoichiometric characteristics of the two plants are not significantly affected by enclosure.

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Study on the Growth and Development of Bashiby Sheep Double Lambs in Xinjiang ZHANG Zhen-liang, LIANG Xiao-peng, Amankaidi Mohamaitihan, YAO Li-dan, Baoaodong Gerile, Jueken Aniwashi 2018, 55(12): 2312-2319.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1339KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to understand the growth and development law of the double lambs under natural grazing conditions, the purpose of the experiment is to find out the growth and development rules and to provide a theoretical basis for popularizing the breeding of the double lambs of Bashbai sheep.【Method】The experiment was carried out in the pastoral area of Tuoli County, Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang. A random sampling method was used to select 30 pairs of Bashiby sheep with a difference of birth time within 24 h. The body weight measurement and recording were performed every 30 days, and the obtained data was input into an Excel table for sorting, and the difference analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 software. 【Result】The average weight difference between male and female lambs was not significant (P >0.05). There was no significant difference in average weight between male and female lambs at 90 days (P > 0.05), indicating that the sex of two lambs from birth to 90 days had little effect on the weight gain of male and female lambs. The average body weight of the double lambs at 90 days was 1/3 of the standard weight of the young sheep. From birth to 90 days, the average daily weight gain of the male lambs was 206 g / d, and that of the female lambs was 186 g / d, indicating that the two lambs had the characteristics of rapid growth and development, and the average daily weight gain of the male lambs was 206 g / d from birth to 90 d. From birth to 90 days, the growth intensity of male lambs was 85.75%-35.38%, and the female lambs' growth intensity was 76.38%-34.69% respectively. The growth intensity was higher but the downward trend was slower than those of Bashbai sheep and Yumule white lambs at the same age.【Conclusion】The sex of Bashiby sheep has little effect on the growth of average body weight from birth to 90 days, and it has the characteristics of fast growth and high growth intensity. Therefore, when raising the double lambs of Bashiby, it is necessary to focus on the advantages of this, choose pasture-rich pastures or give a certain amount of supplementary feeding to maximize the growth and development potential.

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Study on Price Fluctuation Characteristics of Xinjiang Jujube based on HP Filtering Method LIU Ni-ya, WANG Hui-jun 2018, 55(12): 2320-2330.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1659KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the fluctuation characteristics and laws of Xinjiang jujube prices, and provide reference for regulating price fluctuations, stabilizing market prices and promoting the development of jujube industry.【Method】Seasonal adjustment method and HP filtering method were used to analyze the fluctuation trend, laws and characteristics of Xinjiang jujube market price.【Result】From April 2010 to May 2017, the price of Xinjiang jujube showed an overall significant downward trend, with an average monthly growth rate of -1.06%, the price of jujube showed a steady downward trend; the price of Xinjiang jujube was the highest in November-December, and the lowest in April-June of the following year; the price of jujube showed a cyclical change, and the fluctuation frequency gradually shortened from two years to one and a half year and the fluctuation range dropped from 36.16% to 6.01%, and the peak value of volatility gradually decreased. 【Conclusion】The market price of jujube in Xinjiang showed a significant downward trend; seasonal changes had obvious influence on price fluctuations, and price fluctuations showed V-shaped seasonal fluctuation characteristics; price periodic changes were obvious, and the range of price fluctuation decreased gradually, the fluctuation frequency quickens, and the price fluctuated slightly more frequently.

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Research on the Impact of Scientific Research Personnel's Scientific Literacy on the Input-Output Efficiency of Scientific Research Innovation REN Hong-song, CHEN Bao-feng, ZHAO Long, Aihemaiti Maimaiti, WU Jiu-yun 2018, 55(12): 2331-2342.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1132KB) ( )   【Objective】 This research aims to study the impact of scientific research personnel's scientific accomplishment on input-output efficiency of scientific research innovation.【Method】By using DEA-TOBIT two-stage model, and a sample of 178 researchers from the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, we work out the efficiency of scientific research and using researchers' scientific accomplishment to do the impact research into the scientific research. The collection, collation, summary and comparative analysis of relevant literature and questionnaire survey were carried out, and DEA-Tobit two-stage model was used to analyze the efficiency of innovation input-output of each sample, and the relevant variables of scientific research accomplishment were used to study the efficiency.【Result】It was concluded that researchers' scientific accomplishment had a positive impact on the efficiency of their innovation output. However, researchers' scientific literacy only affects the pure technical efficiency of scientific research. By further research, we found that the research accomplishment, individual ability and research foundation of scientific research accomplishment had an impact on the pure technical efficiency. 【Conclusion】Our research has provided a path that improving researchers' scientific research accomplishments can reach a target which promotes scientific research output under constraint conditions.

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Evaluation Study on Development Potential of Red Willow Eco-tourism in Xinjiang Tarim River Basin ZHENG Xiao-ying, ZHAO Xiang-hao, CHEN Tong 2018, 55(12): 2343-2352.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1060KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the development potential of red willow eco-tourism in in Tarim River Basin provided a theoretical reference for the development of red willow ecotourism activities. 【Method】Taking Yarkant County as the empirical area, the AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used to construct evaluation index system of red willow eco-tourism development potential, which was evaluated. 【Result】The evaluation value of the development potential of red willow eco-tourism in Yarkant County was 75.53, and the corresponding potential level was grade IV, which indicated that the development potential level was high, and suitable for the development of red willow eco-tourism. The contributions of red willow tourism resources endowment, tourism infrastructure and traffic conditions of tourist destinations to the development potential of red willow eco-tourism was 32.72%, 27.63% and 21.52%, respectively, forming an important support condition for the development of red willow eco-tourism. However, the development prospects of red willow tourism and the social and economic conditions of tourism destinations restrict the development of red willow ecotourism to a certain extent. 【Conclusion】In order to effectively realize the development of red willow ecotourism in the Tarim River Basin, it is necessary to strengthen the ecological, resourcing and commercial utilization of red willow, set up the special funds for ecological poverty alleviation and tourism poverty alleviation, create the boutique route of red willow culture tourism, and increase the propaganda of red willow ecotourism various hierarchies and channels.