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Advances in Tomato Genome Research TANG Ya-ping, LI Ning, WANG Juan, WANG Bai-ke, YANG Sheng-bao, GUO Bin, YANG Tao, GUO Chun-miao, MA Kai, LIU Jun, WANG Huan, YU Qing-hui 2019, 56(2): 197-206.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1144KB) ( )   【Objective】 As an important vegetable crop, tomato is a model plantform genetic research. The development of sequencing technology will lay a solid foundation for the excavation of important functional genes in tomato.【Method】 High quality of tomato genome information by analyzing and comparing the relative websites、researches and technologies will provide a reliable research strategy for breeders. 【Result】The development of sequencing technology has greatly promoted tomato genome research. It took eight years for sequencing and assembling the genome of cultivated tomato S. lycopersicum Heinz 1706 by first and second generation of sequencing technology. However, three wild tomato species was sequenced by second generation of sequencing technology only within three years. Comparing with the second generation of sequencing technology, the third generation of sequencing technology not only shorten the sequencing time, but also improved the genome quality by providing wild tomato S. pennellii genome sequence with higher integrity of 96.46%.【Conclusion】From the comparison of genome sequencing technology, we gained the conclusion that the third generation of sequencing technology has greatly improved the sequencing speed, the reading length and the accuracy of the genome sequencing. At the same time, it makes the genome assembly more accurate. The decoding of tomato genome information will open a new way for tomato researchers gained new varieties of tomato.

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Construction of Fingerprinting Map and Purity Identification of Main Cotton Cultivars in Xinjiang Buka Ouerna, ZHAG Wen, ZEAG Qing-tao, MA Li-juan, LU Tao, CAI XIAO-LI, ZHAO FU-qiang, 2019, 56(2): 207-215.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (2206KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to construct fingerprinting map and analyze the purity of four main cotton cultivars in Xinjiang in the hope of providing a basis for molecular identification of cotton varieties.【Method】Typically representative early-mature cotton varieties in northern Xinjiang were used as materials, 25 pairs of primers with high polymorphism, good stability selected from 1,000 pairs of SSR primers as the main extension backbone varieties to construct fingerprinting map, and 10 primers were selected to analyze the purity of 4 varieties of cotton.【Result】The number of alleles detected was 70 and the number of alleles detected by each marker ranged from 2 to 7, with an average of 2.8; The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.169,0 to 0.872,9, with an average of 0.688,3; 4 specific primers could completely differentiate the 4 cotton varieties from each other and their construct fingerprinting map. 10 pairs of primers were used to detect the purity of 4 varieties, and the results showed that the variety with highest purity was Xi 62, with the purity of 99.5% and the variety with lowest purity was Xinluzao 6, whose purity was 92.0%.【Conclusion】The fingerprint and the identification purity of the four cotton varieties were constructed by the SSR molecular marker technique, and the theoretical basis for the construction and the purity identification of the fingerprint of the subsequent main varieties was established.

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Identification of High Yield Diagnostic Indexes and Study on the Growth Regularity of Yield Formation in Chemical Top-Capping Cotton LIU Kai-yu, WANG Mi-feng, CUI Yan-nan, ZHANG Te, ZHAO Qiang 2019, 56(2): 216-225.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1201KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the growth and development regularity and leaf age index corresponding to yield formation of cotton with chemical top-capping in northern Xinjiang and establish high-yield diagnostic indicators and explore its growth regularity.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in Liuhudi Town in 2016. Three cotton fields with high yield, middle yield and low yield were selected to explore the changing regularity of cotton growth process and agronomic indicators in different fields, and analyze and establish the diagnostic index table.【Result】There were differences in the performance of plant types in different growth stages of cotton fields, mainly in the time of leaf emergence, stem diameter, fruit bud, flowering and boll opening. After the above indicators were analyzed and quantified, the leaf age high-yield diagnostic index table of the "leaf age-relative plant height method" and "leaf age-relative stem method" of chemical detopping high-yield cotton field was established. The results showed that the number of main stem leaves in chemically capped high-yield cotton fields was 17 and the plant height was 75-80 cm. The growth of plant height after chemical detopping was less than 10 cm. The bud and flowering rate of the first fruit node of each fruit branch was 3 days/set, the boll opening rate was 2.12 days/set, the best bud period to full bloom period was 22 days, and the flowering period to boll opening period was 57.5 days. 【Conclusion】In order to keep the chemical detopping cotton fields at a relatively high level, it is necessary to control the shape of plant, the speed of leaf emergence and the growth of cotton reasonably in different growth stages.

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Construction of CRISPR/Cas9 Expression Vector of GhPAO3 Gene in Cotton ZHU Xue-feng, TIAN Wen-gang, XIONG Xian-peng, XUE Fei, ZHANG Li, ZHU Hua-guo 2019, 56(2): 226-232.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1116KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to further study the function of the cotton GhPAO3 gene, the gene editing vector for the cotton GhPAO3 gene was constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 technique.【Method】Primers were designed by screening the appropriate two PAM sites, and a linker was added to the primers, and the two target fragments were ligated together by overlap extension PCR. The pRGEB32-7 vector was subjected to single enzyme digestion by restriction endonuclease Bsa I, and the overlap extension product and the linearized pRGEB32-7 vector were ligated using a one-step method.【Results】The gene editing vector of the constructed cotton GhPAO3 gene was transferred into Agrobacterium LBA4404 competent state by electroporation transformation method and the positive monoclonal strain was screened by kanamycin.【Conclusion】The result of PCR showed that the band size was consistent with expectation, which indicated that the gene editing vector of cotton GhPAO3 gene had been constructed successfully.

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Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture and Canopy Characteristic Response of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat with Different Drip Irrigation Sailihan Sai, CHEN Chuan-xin, XUE Li-hua, ZHANG Yong-qiang, LEI Jun-jie, CHEN Xing-wu, WANG Zhi-min 2019, 56(2): 233-245.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (3794KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide scientific and theoretical basis for drip irrigation wheat irrigation system and drip irrigation reference indexes in northern Xinjiang.【Method】 Field experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal diffusion characteristics of soil water content after drip irrigation. The dynamic changes of soil moisture content at different growth stages and the response of winter wheat canopy characteristics at different distances of wheat rows from drip irrigation belt were investigated.【Results】At different times, the soil moisture change in 0-20 cm soil layer was the most severe, and tended to be mild with the increase of the drip irrigation quantity. The 20 cm to 80 cm soil layer was the main water storage layer; The amount of drip irrigation was 2,475 m3/hm2. After drip irrigation, the soil moisture of the wheat line far from the drip irrigation belt was very little, more obvious in the topsoil; Increasing the amount of drip irrigation allowed the water to diffuse earlier to the wheat line far from the drip irrigation zone; If the drip irrigation amount was lower than 3,750 m3/hm2, the soil water content of 0-60 cm soil layer after the flowering period was less than 15.0%. The drip irrigation amount is less than 3,150 m3/hm2. After entering the filling period, the soil moisture content of the soil layer was close to 10%, which was not conducive to grain filling and yield formation; The total leaf area index increased by 9.50% in the high-water treatment of the wheat line far from the drip irrigation belt, intermediate water treatment increased by 7.40%, low water treatment increased by 5.72%; In different treatments, the stem diameter of three stem lines of winter wheat was 0.210 cm, lower than that of far-tube wheat, and the behavior of high-water near-tube wheat was 0.182 cm, while that of high-water near-tube wheat was 0.182 cm.【Conclusion】The soil moisture decreases significantly with the decrease of drip irrigation in winter wheat area of northern Xinjiang, which affects the growth and development of wheat leaf area, plant height, ear length and stem diameter; After the winter wheat turns green, the drip irrigation amount of 3 750 m3/hm2 can reduce the soil moisture difference between the near-tube wheat line and the far-tube wheat line, and it can also reduce the influence of soil water deficit on the growth and development of wheat away from the straw tube; If the drip irrigation amount is lower than 3 150 m3/hm2 in the winter wheat planting area in northern Xinjiang, there will be water deficit in 0-60 cm soil layer, which will significantly affect wheat grain filling and yield formation.

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Effects of Rape Varietieson soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Diversity in Saline-Alkali Land in Xinjiang LIU Dong-yang, XU Jie-liang, ZHANG Feng-hua 2019, 56(2): 246-257.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1568KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to screen out the most suitable rape variety for planting in the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, a micro-area experiment was carried out to study the effects of four rape varieties (Rape variety 1, 16-P22Wai, Hua 5 and Jinyou 158) on the microbal community structure and microbal diversity and soil physicochemical properties in saline-alkali soil.【Method】The microbal community structure and microbal diversity were analyzed by using Illumia Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology.【Result】 The results showed that 16-P22Wai could significantly reduce the pH of the soil and increase its alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P and organic matter (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in microbial community richness among soil samples, and the maximum diversity index of microbial community was 1. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi were the dominant populations in soil of different rape varieties and the order of relative richness of Pontibacter was as follows: (from big to small) 16-P22Wai > Rape variety 1 >Jinyou158 > Hua 5; The principal component analysis showed 16-P22Wai and Hua 5 had the highest similarity between 16-P22Wai and Hua 5; There was a significant correlation between the distribution of soil bacterial community and the distribution of soil alkaline hydrolyzed N and available P. 【Conclusion】 The rape variety of 16-P22Wai is more suitable for planting in saline-alkali soil for promoting the formation of dominant flora the area.

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The Change of Endogenous Hormone of Apricot Tree in Flowering and Setting Period LI Shao-ze, ZHANG Zhi-gang, CHENG Ping, YANG Lu, LI Hong, REN Ya-qin, WANG Dong-liang, WANG Zi-long 2019, 56(2): 258-266.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1360KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this study, by measuring the dynamic changes of three endogenous hormones in the flowering and fruit-setting period of apricot trees, the regulation mechanism of endogenous hormones during the flowering and fruit-setting period of apricot trees was discussed, so as to provide theoretical basis for the regulation and improvement of fruit-setting period in the flowering and fruit-setting period 【Methods】 The apricot plants of 10 years old trees were used as the experimental materials, and the buds, flowers and young fruits were collected at the flowering and fruiting stages, respectively. The contents of the endogenous hormones GA3, BR and ABA were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 【Results】 In the apricot blossom and fruit-setting period, the content of GA3 was the lowest in the early flowering stage, reached the peak in the late flowering stage, and then decreased. The content of endogenous hormone BR peaked at calyx stage and flowering stage, and decreased from the end of flowering stage. ABA content in flower buds was at a low level in the bulking stage, and then showed an overall upward trend. ABA content in the late flowering stage decreased after reaching a peak. The correlation between ABA and BR, ABA and GA3, BR and GA3 were significantly correlated. 【Conclusion】 Endogenous hormones GA3, BR and ABA affect the process of flowering, falling and fruiting of dried apricot. The content of endogenous hormone GA3 within the range of 194.12-511.17 pg/mL can promote the development of flower buds, and the development of young fruit requires a higher level of GA3. Endogenous hormone BR (within the range of 125.8-153.65 ng /L) has a promoting effect on flower bud development and flower formation, and higher content of BR in early fruit-setting stage may be beneficial to the development of young fruit. ABA at low levels (72.71-105.12 g/L) may promote bud germination, ABA at high levels may promote flower opening and senescence, and ABA at low levels may promote young fruit growth and development.

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Study on Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Transgenic Tobacco with AcCBF1 Gene ZHANG Qi, LI Peng, TIAN Jia, LI Jiang 2019, 56(2): 267-277.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (2406KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of AcCBF1 gene on photosynthesis, and provide a scientific basis for breeding new varieties of almonds.【Method】 In this experiment, the transgenic tobacco with AcCBF1 gene was obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated method. After a week of continuous outdoor high temperature weather at 37 ℃, the diural variation characteristics of photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured and analyzed with the wild tobacco as control.【Result】 In this experiment, three transgenic tobaccos were successfully obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated method, and PCR analysis showed that the AcCBF1 gene had been stably integrated into the tobacco genome. Both Pn and Gs of transgenic tobacco and wild tobacco showed a "double peak" curve and peaks appeared at the same time. The first peak appeared at 12:00, The phenomenon of "mid-day depression" occurred at 16:00, and the second peak appeared at 18:00. The daily average values of Pn were 6.496 and 4.553 μ mol/(m2·s), respectively ; the daily average values of Gs were 157.357 and 133.371 μ mol/(m2·s) , respectively. The Fo of transgenic tobacco and wild tobacco showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and Fm showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The daily variation trends of Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, and ΦPSII were the same, and they all showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The daily average values of Fv/Fm values were 0.821 and 0.736, respectively. The daily average values of Fv/Fo were 5.044 and 3.391, respectively. The daily average values of ΦPSII were 0.763 and 0.600, respectively.【Conclusion】By analyzing and comparing the changes of photosynthetic parameters and fluorescence chlorophyll parameters, we found that transgenic AcCBF1 tobacco has higher assimilation capacity of CO2, stronger photosynthetic ability, more stable photosynthetic reaction center and stronger adaptability to high temperature comparing with wild tobacco. To cope with drought and high temperature in summer, we could select and breed new almond varieties with AcCBF1 high-expression.

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The Effect of New-Type Urea on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Processing Tomato Halihashi Yibati, ZHANG Yan, LI Qing-jun 2019, 56(2): 278-286.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1015KB) ( )   【Objective】 To select suitable new type urea for drip irrigated processing tomato in calcare- ous soil, the biomass, nitrogen (N)uptake and utilization, yield and economic benefit of processing tomato were compared.【Methods】Two-year field trials were conducted with seven treatments including no N fertilizer (CK), common urea (Urea), polyaspartic acid urea (P-Urea), Humic humic acid urea (H-Urea), Zinc urea (Zn-Urea), loss- controlled urea (LC-Urea), common urea add Zn (Urea+Zn). The amount of NPK in each treatment was the same. In addition to all basal application of loss- controlled urea (LC-Urea), 30% of other urea was used as base fertilizer and 70% was applied with drip irrigation at the later stage. All P, K, and Zn fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer before transplanting. The biomass, yield and nitrogen uptake efficiency of processing tomato were measured at the mature stage.【Results】Compared with the common urea, the yields of new-type urea increased by 5.26%-11.37%, and dry matter increased by 1.85%-19.26%. Compared with common urea, humic acid urea significantly increased the shoot dry matter and the yield of processing tomato by 17.95% and 10.31%. Application of the new type urea also increased N average utilization rates by more than 4 percent. Humic acid urea N utilization rates increased by 9.72 percent. At the same time, the benefit of processing tomato was increased by applying new type urea, among which humic acid urea had the highest yield, and compared with the common urea, the income increased 2 975 yuan/hm2. 【Conclusions】 The humic acid urea in the new types urea is the most effective way to improve the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and increase the benefit of processing tomato in Xinjiang.

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Correlation and Cluster Analysis of the Pepper Germplasm Based on the Main Characteristics of the Fruit and Pulp Cells YANG Tao, TANG Ya-ping, Patiguli, ZHANG Guo-ru, WANG Bai-ke, LI Ning, YU Qing-hui, YANG Sheng-bao 2019, 56(2): 287-298.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1466KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this paper is to study the correlation and cluster of different characters in different pepper resources and lay a foundation for the further improvement of Xinjiang dry pepper varieties.【Method】The 24 pepper advanced self-line germplasm resources were employed in this paper to evaluate the main fruit's traits, the main characteristic of the pulp cells structure and the time-consuming of the fruit losing 75% water. Thereafter, the correlation and cluster analysis was implemented to the entire characteristic. 【Result】The results showed that the positive and negative significance correlation existed among the characteristics, and the correlation coefficient ranged from -0.625** to 0.976**. Furthermore, 24 pepper germplasm resources were divided into five groups by euclidean distance UPGMA method. The first group included 8 lines, the second group included six lines, the third group included three lines, the fourth group included six lines, and the fifth group only included one line which implied the peculiarity of this line.【Conclusion】Pepper is rich in genetic diversity. The draining time (time required for 75% water loss) was only negatively correlated with the proportion of the chamber area.

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Analysis and Comparison of Aroma Components of Two types of Rose Sauces in Xinjiang by GC-MS JI Yi-shan, Gunasi Yeerken, TAO Yong-xia 2019, 56(2): 299-307.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1261KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to infer the aroma components of Xinjiang native rose varieties through the analysis of aroma component, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the processing technology and product quality of Xinjiang characteristic rose industry.【Method】Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) was used to extract the aroma components of two rosettes from Hetian area of Xinjiang, and the aroma components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.【Result】The results showed that the aroma components of Hetian Damascus rose sauce were mainly alcohols (28.57%), aldehydes and ketones (17.14%), alkanes (31.43%), acids (2.86%), esters (5.71%), olefins (8.57%), amines (5.71%). The aroma components of Hotan Rosebud are mainly aldehydes and ketones (12.90%), alcohols (22.58%), alkanes (35.48%), esters (19.35%), aromatic compounds (9.68%).【Conclusion】Although different varieties of roses contain certain aroma substances, they have different structures and aromas due to differences in aroma components and contents.

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Study on HPLC Fingerprint of Hymenoleana nana HU Jiang-lan, ZHU Jin-fang, Parhat Dolkun 2019, 56(2): 308-316.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1522KB) ( )   【Objective】 To establish the HPLC Fingerprint of Hymenoleana nana and provide a scientific basis for the quality control, the development and utilization of medicinal plant resources.【Method】HPLC was performed using a WondaCract ODS-2 C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm), with of mobile phase acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid water gradient elution, flow rate 1.0 mL/min, column temperature 30℃, detection wavelength 283 nm. The fingerprints of 10 batches of medicinal materials were determined and the fingerprints were analyzed by cluster analysis, principal component analysis and least squares-discriminant analysis using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM and statistical software.【Result】The chromatographic evaluation software calibrated 13 common chromatograms, and the similarity of 7 fingerprints in 10 batches was >0.9. 【Conclusion】 The established method has good precision, stability and repeatability, which lays a foundation for the total quality control of the medicinal materials of Hymenoleana nana.

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Quantitative and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysisof Rhizosphere Soil Fungi by PCR Technology in Xinjiang Cotton Fields DANG Wen-fang, LI Xue-yan, YANG Hong-mei, CHU Ming, GAO Yan, ZENG Jun, HUO Xiang-dong, ZHANG Tao, LIN Qing, Outikuer, LI Yu-guo, LOU Kai, SHI Ying-wu 2019, 56(2): 317-324.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1266KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the spatio-temporal dynamics of the number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of cotton Verticillium wilt strains in Xinjiang, and the correlation between them. 【Methods】 Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to determine the total amount of fungi in the rhizosphere soil and the number of pathogens in different cotton-growing areas and in different growth stages in Xinjiang and to analyze their variation trend and the correlation between cotton rhizosphere soil fungi and the number of cotton Verticillium pathogens. 【Results】 The number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of different cotton growing areas and different growth stages in Xinjiang showed different trends. The maximum value of fungi in rhizosphere soil of Hami cotton was 6.16×104 copies/g FRW; the rhizosphere soil fungi of Korla cotton diseased strains reached the maximum at seedling stage, which was 4.23×104 copies/g FRW; the rhizosphere soil fungi of Aral cotton diseased strains increased gradually from the seedling stage to the bud stage, then decreased gradually, and reached a minimum at the flocculation stage, which was 1.41×10-4copies/g FRW. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of soil fungi and the number of the pathogens of the Verticillium dahliae in Jinghe in northern Xinjiang and in Hami in Eastern Xinjiang, and their PCC were as high as 0.989 and 0.993, respectively. The number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of Tumushuke cotton in southern Xinjiang was positively correlated with the number of pathogens of Verticillium dahliae, which was 0.880.【Conclusion】 The content of fungi in rhizosphere soil of cotton Verticillium wilt was higher, and in different sampling areas and different growth stages, the total amount of soil fungi in rhizosphere fluctuated. In terms of the four growth stages of cotton (seedling stage, bud stage, flowering stage, boll opening stage), the maximum number of the soil fungi in the rhizosphere of the plant disease appeared in the boll opening period. In view of the comprehensive cotton planting areas, the spatial variation of the number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of cotton diseased plants in Xinjiang was Eastern Xinjiang > Southern Xinjiang > Northern Xinjiang. There was a positive correlation between cotton rhizosphere soil fungi and cotton Verticillium pathogens in different ecological regions of cotton, but, on the other hand, negative correlation was observed at different developmental stages.

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Effects of Commercial Organic Fertilizer Replacing Partial Chemical Fertilizer on Maize Growth,Yield and Soil Fertility HE Hao, WEI Chang－zhou, LI Jun－hua, ZHANG Yu－tong 2019, 56(2): 325-332.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1352KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of commercial fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer on the maize growth,yield,soil fertility and economic benefits in the hope of providing a feasible basis for its the application in maize production. 【Method】Three treatments were set up,no fertilization control (CK),conventional fertilization (NPK),commercial organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer (MNPK) based on equivalent N,P,K rate,in which the chemical N,P and K replacement ratios were 10.0%,18.3%,and 15.0%,respectively,and after that, the field plot experiments and indoor analysis were carried out. 【Result】The substitution of commercial organic fertilizer for part of chemical fertilizer (MNPK) increased the plant height, basal stem diameter, leaf number and leaf SPAD value of maize at different growth stages compared with conventional fertilization (NPK) and non-fertilization control (CK). The ear traits and yield components of maize were improved effectively. Maize yield increased by 83.47%,net income increased by 419.58 yuan/hm2. The contents of soil alkaline N,available P,available K and organic matter increased by 13.08%-39.29%,71.97%-95.70%,13.29%-45.13% and 20.00%-23.26%, respectively. Finally, the soil moisture, soil pH and soil bulk density decreased. 【Conclusion】Replacing part of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is an economical and feasible fertilization method for promoting maize growth,increasing yield and lifting efficiency and fertilizing soil.

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Laboratory Screening for Antibacterial Agents and Microorganism Preparation against Fire Blight LIANG Hui-min, LIU Jun, WANG Xi-dong, YANG Zhi-yue, LI Jing-hua 2019, 56(2): 333-344.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1113KB) ( )   【Objective】 Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) is one of the most devastating bacterial diseases of plant species in the Rosaceae family. Screening of the agents and microorganism preparation against fire blight bacteria can help prevent and control the disease.【Method】Thirty kinds of antibacterial agents and preparations were screened in the laboratory using the methods of minimum inhibitory concentration and bacteriostatic circle comparison.【Result】The results showed that among 30 kinds of agents, 1.8% symplectic bacteria amine acetate, 3% benziothiazolinone(ME) and 3% benziothiazolinone(WP) , 30% nonyl bacteria copper, 80% ethylicin, and the microorganism preparation Fluorescence pseudomonas 300 billion spores per gram were the agents and microorganism preparation with better bacteriostatic effects.【Conclusion】 The antibacterial effects of different agents and different dosage forms of the same agent were significantly different. The six antibacterial agents obtained in this study can provide theoretical and practical basis for the quarantine control of fire blight.

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Effects of Slow-Release Urea Combined with Ordinary Urea on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Processing Tomato LI Ya-li, CHEN Lei, ZHANG Yan, Harihash Yibati, LI Qing-jun 2019, 56(2): 345-352.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1004KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to solve the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate of processing tomatoes in China, the fertilizer proportion suitable for the improvement of yield, quality and nitrogen absorption and utilization of processing tomatoes in Xinjiang was screened out. 【Method】 The effects of different ratios of common urea and slow-release urea on dry matter accumulation, yield, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency of processed tomato were studied with 9 treatments and no nitrogen application as the control.【Result】 The results showed that compared with non-N application, N application significantly increased dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen utilization rate of processing tomatoes. 70% slow-release urea + 30% common urea had the best effect at 100% equal nitrogen level, and 60% slow-release urea + 20% common urea had the best effect at 80% equal nitrogen level at flowering stage and 20% common urea had the best effect at fruit stage, and 80% equal nitrogen level was better than 100% equal nitrogen. 【Conclusion】 Under the experimental conditions, 60% slow-release urea + 20% ordinary urea topdressing at flowering stage + 20% ordinary urea topdressing at fruit stage with 80% equal nitrogen content had the best effect, which could not only increase the yield of processed tomato, but also realize the efficient utilization of nitrogen.

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Study on Colonization and Population Dynamic of Colorado Potato Beetle in the Field LI Chao, MA Hu, LIU Juan, LIAO Jiang-hua, DING Xin-hua , FU Kai-yun, GUO Wen-chao , HE Jiang 2019, 56(2): 353-362.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1811KB) ( )   【Objective】 To further clarify the progress of colonization and population dynamic of Colorado potato beetles in the field, and reduce the occurrence and population spread to ensure the development and safety of potato production in Xinjiang. 【Method】 The dynamics of Colorado potato beetle population in Xishan Farm's and Sanping Farm's fields during potato growing period was investigated systematically and the pest population number was analyzed and compared on host plants in different spatial locations in the field, and the colonization time and migration process were determined by analyzing and comparing the population number.【Result】 The colonization of Colorado potato beetles in Xishan Farm and Sanping Farm was: After the overwintered Colorado potato beetles were unearthed from the host crop field, they first migrated to the edge of the host field and then gradually spread to the center of the field until it covered the entire field; there was negatively relationship between the number of Colorado potato beetles and the colonization time. The earlier the colonization time, the larger the population of Colorado potato beetles. The population of Colorado potato beetles had a certain relationship with the colonization distance. In the early stage of colonization, the Colorado potato beetles and colonization distance were negatively correlated, the greater the colonization distance, the smaller the population of Colorado potato beetles; the correlation between the two was gradually reduced, and there was a positive correlation between them in the later period.【Conclusion】 In the field, the schedule of overwintered Colorado potato beetles colonization was related to the distance of the overwintering site. The edge of the field near the overwintering point was usually the earliest colony of Colorado potato beetles. The early monitoring of overwintering Colorado potato beetle adults in the marginal area can effectively define the colonization and migration process of Colorado potato beetle population in the field.

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Comparative Morphological Studies on the Male Genitalia of Pontia Fabricuis from Xinjiang JIANG Ling-ling, LUO Shun-gang, HU Hong-ying 2019, 56(2): 363-372.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1751KB) ( )   【Objective】 The structure of male genitalia of three species in Pontia Fabricuis was studied by traditional comparative morphology to provide strong support for the accurate identification and lay the foundation for the further research of speciation,population formation,and evolution.【Method】Three species of Pontia Fabricuis distributed in Xinjiang were selected for the comparative morphological study on male genitalia.These three species included Pontia edusa (Fabricuis),Pontia callidice (Hbüner) and Pontia chloridice (Hbüner). 【Result】The male genitalia in Pontia Fabricuis, especially the structures of aedeagus,tegumen,uncus,valvae and saccus were quite different among the species which can be effectively applied to the identification of the Pontia Fabricuis in Xinjiang.【Conclusion】 The difference of morphology and structure of male genitalia is obvious, which is an important basis for species identification, and provides a reference for the study of biological characteristics and ecology of butterflies.

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Age and Growth of Cyprinus carpio Linnaes in Upstream Reservoirs in Tarim River Basin YU Chun-yuan, YAO Na, MA Liang, SONG Yong, YUE Cheng, CHEN Sheng-ao 2019, 56(2): 373-380.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1470KB) ( )   【Objective】 To research the age and growth of Cyprinus carpio Linnaes in upstream reservoirs in Tarim River Basin. 【Method】From 2015 to 2016, through sampling observation, the age of Cyprinus Carpio Linnaes in upstream reservoirs in Tarim River Basin was determined and the growth characteristics was analyzed by traditional biological measurements. 【Result】The average age of Cyprinus carpio Linnaes in upstream reservoirs in Tarim River Basin was 2.80±0.286+, whose structure did not conform to positive distribution; The dominant individual age was 1+; The correlation equation between body length and body weight was W=0.087,2 L2.506(R2=0.878); The relationship of body length and intestinal length was LI=3.091,3 L-50.588(R2=0.795 5). The progressive length was L∞=69.57 cm, and the coefficient of growth was k=0.12, W∞=3,610.79 g, t0=－0.65, ti=1.65+; The relationship of progressive length and weight growth of the population was Lt = 69.58 (1-e-0.12 (t + 0.65) ) , Wt = 3,610.79 (1-e-0.12 (t + 0.65))2.506. The maturity coefficient and fullness of the population was GSI＝(12.38±1.69), K=(2.851,8±0.210,8). 【Conclusion】Cyprinus carpio Linnaes in the upstream reservoirs, which belongs to allometric growth, has strong adaptability and unstable growth characters. It plays a certain role in population dynamics and fishery ecological balance.

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Effect of SEM - based cotton target price system on the production behavior of farmers--Taking 290 Farmers' questionnaires in Northern Xinjiang as an Example ZHAO Xin, DAI Jun-sheng, YANG Xiu-yu 2019, 56(2): 381-391.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.02.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1556KB) ( )   【Objective】 It is of certain significance to study the impact of the cotton target price system on the production behavior of cotton farmers. 【Method】In this paper, based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), in the northern xinjiangonce during ChangJi,TaCheng,BoZhou 3 area, after the five main ChanMian county (city) 10 township (town) of 290 peasant household survey data as sample, using structural equation model (SEM) analysis of cotton price target system since the implementation of the influence factors of farmers planting behavior change.【Result】Survey sample data is 0.948; The non-standardized factor loading of all the observed variables in the model are positive and significant.; Standardized factor loading are greater than 0.6, composite reliability (CR) greater than 0.7, convergent validity(AVE) greater than 0.5; overall fitness are better;Mediating effects of behavior Intentiond in the different paths is significant, its the mediating effect is 0.074,0.139 and 0.142.【Conclusion】The research shows that there is a significant positive correlation between farmers' behavioral intention to plant cotton and their production behavior. There was a significant positive correlation between farmers' behavioral attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control of farmers and their behavioral intention, which also had a significant direct impact on the production behavior of cotton farmers, among which the perceived behavioral control of farmers had the largest impact on the behavioral intention and production behavior of cotton farmers in northern xinjiang.