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20 January 2019, Volume 56 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Evaluation of Control Effect of Releasing Neoseiulus bicaudus Wainstein on the Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov et Nikolskii) DONG Fang,FU Zhen-shi,WANG Jia-yang,SU Jie, CHEN Jing,LU Yan-hui, ZHANG Jian-ping 2019, 56(1): 1-12.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (2352KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to determine the predation preference and the field control effect of Neoseiulus bicaudus Wainstein, a kind of native predatory mite in Xinjiang, on three mite states (egg, larva, nymph) of Tetranychus turkestani.【Method】The control effect of the natural enemy on Tetranychus turkestani in cotton fields of Xinjiang was evaluated by indoor experiments and the release of Neoseiulus bicaudus Wainstein with different benefit-harm ratios in fields.【Result】 The predatory mites had the selective feeding to the three mite states of Tetranychus turkestani. The larva and nymph are the preferred insect states of the predatory mites. In the field, the release of the predatory mites could effectively inhibit the growth of the eggs, larvae, nymphs and the whole population of the harmful mites. The control effect of 1∶5 and 1∶10 was better than that of 1∶20 when different benefit-harm ratios were released.【Conclusion】 Neoseiulus bicaudus can be regarded as an excellent natural enemy in Xinjiang, and the best release ratio was recommended 1∶10 for biological control of Tetranychus turkestani in cotton fields

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Regulation and Control Effects of Suaeda Strips on the Population Occurrence of Hippomidia variegata in Cotton Fields LI Xue-ling , LUO Yan-liang, LI Hui, XIE Xin, MA Ruo-han, LIU Yong-Jian, WANG Pei-ling, LU Yan-hui 2019, 56(1): 13-22.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1785KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study aims to examine the effects of Suaeda strips on the population occurrence of Hippomidia variegata in adjacent cotton field in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the use of non-crop habitats adjacent cotton fields in enhancing efficient management of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. 【Method】Systematic investigation and exclusive cage experiments were conducted in the fields. 【Results】 Suaeda strips were the important source of H. variegata in adjacent cotton fields. Both the population density of this predator and the ratio of enemy to aphid in cotton field adjacent suaeda strips were 1.9 times and 8.8 times higher than those in the cotton field without Suaeda strips, respectively. Exclusive cage experiment indicated that the relative growth rates of A. gossypii in caged treatment (i.e., without predators) were significantly higher than those in the open treatment (i.e., with predators) on the 7 th and 14 th days after trial. In addition, the biocontrol services index of predators to cotton aphid in cotton field with Suaeda strips was significantly higher than that in cotton field without Suaeda strips.【Conclusion】The study has shown that Suaeda strips in adjacent cotton fields could improve the abundance of H. variegata in cotton fields and increase the ratio of this key predator to aphid, thus playing an important role in suppressing A. gossypii. Therefore, when formulating the control strategy of cotton aphid, the important role of Suaeda salsa in the conservation and control of natural enemies should be fully considered, and it is suggested that the seed should be preserved around the cotton field.

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Effects of Thiamethoxam and Chlorantraniliprole on the Growth and Development of Non-target Pests Tetranychus turkestani ZHOU Xian,QIU Ye,LI Xing－long,XU Zhao－qiang,ZHANG Jian－ping 2019, 56(1): 23-31.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1229KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of two kinds of pesticides: Thiamazine and Chlorantraniliprole on the growing development and population parameters of non-target pest Tetranychus turkestani .【Method】The sensitivity and life parameters of two kinds of pesticides in T. turkestani were studied by slide-dip methods and leaf disc test.【Result】 There was no significant difference between the mortality rate of T. turkestani treated with Chlorantraniliprole and Thiamethoxam and the control; T. turkestani treated with Chlorantraniliprole, except for phase II, the survival rate in the immature phase was higher than that of the control, and when treated by Thiamethoxam, the survival rate of phase II was higher than that of the control; the survival rate of egg phase, larva phase and the survival rate of phase I was lower than those of the control, after the treatment with Chlorantraniliprole, the preoviposition period was significantly shorter and the generations extended significantly than those in the control and by Thiamethoxam treatment; In addition, the daily fecundity increased significantly; the net reproduction rates(R0)of the population treated with Chlorantraniliprole, the intrinsic rate of increase(rm), and the finite rate of increase(λ)were larger than those of the control and by Thiamethoxam treatment, while the mean generation times(T)treated with Thiamethoxam and the population doubling time(t)was prolonged than that of the control and by Chlorantraniliprole treatment.【Conclusion】 Chlorantraniliprole can stimulate the growth of Tetranychus turkestani, but Thiamethoxam had no effect.

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Synergistic Effects of Three Synergists Mixed with Three Nicotine Insecticides on Aphis gossypii LI Shi-kui, LI Bo-wen, ZHENG Xin, NING Zhong-xiong, ZHANG Ya-chun, WANG Shuang, HE Chuang, LU Wei 2019, 56(1): 32-37.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (962KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to study the sensitivity of Aphis gossypii to traditional nicotine insecticides imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiothiazide and clarify and synergistic effects of the three synergists: green peel orange oil (GPOO), organosilicon (OSi) and Jijian adjuvant. (JJ, active ingredients: corn germ oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil, etc.) mixed with imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam on Aphis gossypii.【Method】 The bioactivity and synergistic effect of three synergists mixed with three nicotine insecticides on Aphis gossypii were determined by leaf soaking method. 【Result】 After 24 hours of treatment, the LC50 of imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam to Aphis gossypii were 11.878, 24.452 and 12.110 μg/mL, respectively. The relative toxicities of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were 2.059 and 2.019 times higher than those of acetamiprid, respectively. After adding three synergists, the bioassay of nine combinations of pesticide+synergist to Aphis gossypii was significantly increased. Among them, imidacloprid+GPOO, acetamiprid+OSi, thiamethoxam+GPOO had the best synergistic effect. After 24 hours of treatment, the LC50 were 0.328, 1.987, 0.704 μg/mL, and the synergistic ratio was 36.213, 12.306 and 17.202, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Green peel orange oil, organosilicon and Jijian adjuvant have good potential in the application of green control and pesticide reduction and synergism technology for cotton Aphis gossypii in Xinjiang.

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Study on Occurrence Dynamics of Aphis gossypii and Botanical Pesticide Control Technology in Hexi Corridor Region HU Di, ZHANG Xuan, LUO Jin - cang, NAN Hong - yu, LI Yi - ping 2019, 56(1): 38-45.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1267KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study aims to investigate the population dynamics of Aphis gossypii Glover in Hexi Corridor, and to select high-efficiency and low-toxic botanical pesticides to provide a theoretical basis for green control and reduction of use of chemical pesticides.【Method】 In 2018 and 2017, a manual survey method was used for insect investigation in a cotton field in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. Ten different types of pesticides mainly based on botanical pesticides, such as 0.5% veratrine SP, 0.5% matrine AS, 10% imidacloprid WP, and 1.8% avermectin EC, were used to conduct field screening tests for the cotton aphid.【Result】 In 2017 and 2018, the occurrence dynamic trend of the cotton aphid population was consistent. Each year from early-May to mid-May, the Aphis gossypii migrated into cotton fields and continued to cause harm until the cotton harvest. There were two identical occurrence peaks, namely middle of June and mid-to-end of July, but there were differences in the degree of occurrence between the different years. The highest peaks in 2017 and 2018 were 8,713.3 aphids / 100 plants and 1,880.0 aphids /100 plants, respectively. Fourteen days after treatment, the chemical pesticides 10% imidacloprid WP had the best effect, and the control effect was up to 90.22%. The control effects of 0.3% azadirachtin EC and 0.5% matrine AS were better in botanical pesticides. The control effects were 84.41% and 85.06% respectively after 14 days.【Conclusion】 There are two peaks in the annual occurrence of the cotton aphid in the Dunhuang cotton area of Hexi Corridor. The best period for the control of Aphis gossypii is early July. The botanical pesticides 0.3% azadirachtin EC and 0.5% matrine AS can be used as green prevention and control agents for the cotton aphid and can also reduce the frequency of use of chemical pesticides.

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Assessment on Control Effect of Veratridine on Cotton Aphid WANG Dong-mei, DAI Ai-mei, LIU Xin-lan, LI Cai-hong 2019, 56(1): 46-51.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1115KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the control effect of Veratridine on cotton Aphis gossypii Glover and provide a foundation for using the pesticide to control the pest reasonably.【Method】 Under high, medium and low dose of Veratridine as treatment pesticides, and Imidacloprid as control pesticides, the cotton aphid number were examined after spraying pesticides 1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days,respectively, and the control effects of Veratridine on cotton aphid were analyzed.【Result】 After spraying pesticides 1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days, the control effect of low dose of b Veratridine was 44.05%, 73.91%, 81.20% and 82.24%, respectively; the control effect of medium dose of Veratridine was 556.57%, 76.08%, 82.01% and 82.24%, respectively;the control effect of high dose of Veratridine was 65.69%, 80.02%, 85.53% and 87.22%, respectively; the control effect of Imidacloprid was 60.03%, 72.40%, 77.05% and 76.44%, respectively. The results showed that control effect of medium and high dose of Veratridine was close to those of Imidacloprid after spraying 1 d, and the control effects of low, medium and high dose of Veratridine were better than those of Imidacloprid after spraying pesticides 3 d, 7 d and 14 d.【Conclusion】 0.5% Veratridine pesticides has a lasting validity period and a better control effect on cotton aphid. It is recommended that the usage amount of 0.5% Veratridine pesticides is 85 g/acre.

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Selection Behavior of Acyrthosiphom gossypii and Aphis gossypii to Cotton Plants under the Stress of Aphids Feeding YAN Wen-jing, WANG Jun-gang, ZHANG Yu-dong, WU Na 2019, 56(1): 52-60.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1668KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to clarify the selection behavior of Acyrthosiphom gossypii and Aphis gossypii to cotton plants under feeding stressed by aphids.【Method】 Wingless adults of Ac.gossypii and A.gossypii were used as research objects, the behavioral responses of them to cotton that was stressed by aphids of different population densities and different time were measured.【Result】 Under the feeding stress of different population densities of Ac.gossypii, there were no differences in the selection of Ac.gossypii between healthy plants and low densities stress-cotton, but there were significant differences between high densities. There were significant differences in the selectivity of Aphis gossypii to high density Acyrthosiphom gossypii under feeding stress. Under the stress of different population densities of A.gossypii, Ac.gossypii had no differences selection between healthy cotton and stressed cotton, which indicated that the Ac.gossypii could adapt to the cotton that was damaged by A.gossypii. Significant differences were observed in the selection of A.gossypii between healthy plants and cotton that was stressed by high densities A.gossypii and Ac.gossypii. The higher the stress densities were, the more obvious the difference of selection would be. With the prolongation of the feeding time of Ac.gossypii, there were no differences in the selection of Ac.gossypii to feeding stressed cotton for short time, but significant differences appeared to the stressed cotton for 3 to 5 days, while the selections of A.gossypii were significantly different to stressed cotton for 5 days. There was no significant difference in host selectivity of cotton with different degree of injury to cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) in late stage stressed by A.gossypii for different time.【Conclusion】 Aphids of cotton prefer to choose healthy plants for feeding, which are easy to cause field diffusion, thus resulting in cotton victimization. The Ac.gossypii can adapt to cotton damaged by A.gossypii and coexist with A.gossypii in the field for a long time.

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Bioactivity of Benzoylphenylurea Insecticides Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür)by Different Bioassay Methods GUO Zhi-gang,AN Jing-jie,GAO Zhan-lin,DANG Zhi-hong, PAN Wen-liang,YUAN Wen-long, LI Yao-fa 2019, 56(1): 61-66.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1143KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study to systematically study the bioactivity of benzoylphenylurea insecticides Apolygus lucorum.【Method】 The toxicity of benzoylphenylurea insecticides A. lucorum was determined by topicalapplicationmethod, dip method and food mixture methodhe time on also analyzed.【Result】 The bioassay results indicated that three tested benzoylphenylurea insecticides, hexaflumuron, chlorfluazuronand triflumuronshowed good stomach toxicity, and hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuronalso good toxicity to this insect. Different time experiment result showed that insect mortality increasedthe fourth day after treated by hexaflumuron. Different time experiment results showed that if the 【Conclusion】 Benzoylphenylurea insecticides showed good stomach toxicity to A. lucorum, and two of them, hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuronalso have good toxicityut the bioactivity will be influenced by the time and time.

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Study on the Damage of Bemisia tabaci to Cotton and the Economic Threshold in Cotton Fields GU Ai-xiang, ZHOU Fu-cai, YANG Yi-zhong, SU Hong-hua 2019, 56(1): 67-73.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (973KB) ( )   【Objective】 The project aims to investigate the damage of Bemisia tabaci to cotton and the control index in order to provide theoretical basis for the scientific prevention and control of cotton B. tabaci. 【Method】 Through the field trials,the systematic investigation of B. tabaci and the determination of cotton yield,etc. the damage of B. tabaci to cotton was conducted, and then on this basis, the economic threshold of Bemisia. tabaci in cotton fields was set up.【Result】 B. tabaci damage to cotton had significant effects on cotton boll number per plant, seed cotton weight per plant, seedless cotton yield per mu, but no significant influence on average boll weight. The regression equations of pest density with cotton boll number per plant, seed cotton weight per plant, seedless cotton yield per mu were Y1= 12.242 e-0.008 x (r = 0.912 7**),Y2= 29.07 e-0.009 6x(r=0.894 4**),Y3= 29.07 e-0.009 6x(r=0.894 4**), respectively, but there was no significant correlation between pest density with average boll weight and cotton gin turnout. There was significant effect of B. tabaci on cotton fiber length with the regression equations :Y4 = -0.004 6 x + 28.409 r=0.607*.【Conclusion】 The damage of B. tabaci affects both the cotton yield and the quality. The economic threshold of B. tabaci is 1.9 nmyph/cm2

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Effects of Sophora Strips on the Population Occurrence of Predators in Cotton Fields LUO Yan-liang, LI Xue-ling, LI Hui, XIE Xin, LIU Yong-jian, WANG Pei-ling, LU Yan-hui 2019, 56(1): 74-83.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1687KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to assess the effect of sophora strips on the occurrence of predators and their biocontrol on aphids in cotton fields. It will provide a scientific basis for reserving natural-habitats to benefit natural enemy conservation and pest management in adjacent crop fields.【Method】 Field systematic investigation and exclusive cage experiment were conducted.【Result】 The species of the main predators and their community structure in sophora strips were basically similar to those in cotton fields,however, the population densities of these predators in sophora strips were significantly higher than that in cotton fields. The densities of lady beetles, lacewings and spiders in cotton field adjacent sophora strips were 1.3, 3.4 and 4.5 times of those in cotton field without sophora strips, respectively, and the peaks of these predators were about one week earlier than the cotton field without sophora strips. In early June and August, the ratio of predators to aphids in cotton field with sophora strips was significantly higher than that in cotton field without sophora strips. In addition, the biocontrol services index of predators to cotton aphid in cotton field with sophora strips was significantly higher than that in cotton field without sophora strips.【Conclusion】 Sophora alopecuroides strip has obvious effects on the conservation of beneficial natural enemies, and can promote the abundance of predators to suppress cotton aphid in adjacent cotton fields. It's very important to use non-crop habitats such as sophora strips to conserve predatory natural enemies and enhance pest management on cotton aphids in agricultural ecosystem.

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Effects of Different C / N Ratio on the Main Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae in Cotton YU Yan, CAI Meng-hang, XU Can, HUANG Jia-feng 2019, 56(1): 84-92.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (2062KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the influence of different carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae Kleb.【Method】 Two strains of V. dahliae with different pathogenic types were cultured in six media with different C/N ratios, the biological characteristics of V. dahliae including microsclerotial formation, conidial production, mycelial yield and conidial germination rate were measured, and the virulence of V. dahliae to cotton were evaluated.【Result】 The results of cultural characteristics showed that the microsclerotial formation of the defoliating type virulent V. dahliae strain was significantly affected by different C/N ratios. The microsclerotial produced more at the C/N ratio of 25∶1-30∶1 than at the C/N ratio of 45∶1-50∶1. The C/N ratio of 25∶1 was the most favorable for conidial production and mycelial yield of V. dahliae, while conidial production and mycelial yield were significantly reduced when C/N ratio was higher than 35∶1. Optimal C/N ratio for conidial germination of V. dahliae was 40∶1. The results of pathogenicity assays indicated that C/N ratio of 25∶1 was the most favorable for causing disease in the susceptible cotton variety, V. dahliae displayed significantly reduced disease severity when C/N ratio was higher than 35∶1; whereas C/N ratio of 35∶1 was optimal C/N ratio for causing disease in the resistant cotton variety, V. dahliae reduced significantly disease severity when C/N ratio was lower or higher than 35∶1.【Conclusion】 Different C/N ratios have different influence on growth and pathogenicity of V. dahliae, the C/N ratio of 25∶1 is not only conducive to the microsclerotial formation, conidial production and mycelial growth, but also conducive to the pathogenicity of V. dahliae in susceptible variety; C/N ratios higher than 40∶1 are not beneficial to the growth, reproduction and pathogenicity of V. dahliae. The results will provide a theoretical basis for us to study disease control strategies by adjusting C/N ratio.

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Cultural Characteristics and Pathogenicity Differentiation among Strains of Verticillium dahliae from Cottons in Northern Xinjiang CAI Meng-hang, XU Can, LIU Qi, YU Yan, HUANG Jia-feng 2019, 56(1): 93-103.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1436KB) ( )   【Objective】 This research focuses on determining the pathotypes, cultural characteristics and pathogenicity differentiation of Verticillium dahliae from cottons in Northern Xinjiang. 【Method】 All strains isolated from infected cotton plants were detected with specific primer pair VDS-F and VDS-R for V. dahliae, with specific primer pair D1 and D2 for defoliating strain, with specific primer pair ND1 and ND2 for non-defoliating strain, respectively. Field plots were analyzed according to the proportion of the defoliating and non-defoliating strains in every plot. 18 representative strains of V. dahliae were selected to investigate their cultural characteristics on PDA media and virulence to cotton seedling. 【Result】 All 644 strains isolated from infected cotton plants were determined to be V. dahliae, and the defoliating and non-defoliating strains accounted for 67.5% and 27.8%, respectively, 4.7% strains could not be classified into defoliating or non-defoliating strains, indicating that the pathogenic types of the tested strains were differentiated, among which defoliating strain was the main pathotype. Analysis of field plots showed that the plots only with defoliating strains were the most, and then mixed plots with defoliating strains and non-defoliating strains. 70.1% of the field plots were dominated by defoliating strains, suggesting that defoliating strains had become the main pathogenic type in the fields. The results of cultural characteristics on PDA media showed that 18 representative strains produced three colony morphologies: sclerotium type, hyphal type and intermediate type. Sclerotium type colony was the main culture type and further differentiated into three different colony types. The infection assays displayed that the average disease index of cotton seedling infected with defoliating strains was higher than that of non-defoliating strains, and there were strains with high disease index among the non-defoliating strains. 【Conclusion】 The differentiation of pathogenic types, culture characteristics and virulence exist in strains of V. dahliae from cotton fields in northern Xinjiang.

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Comparison of Different Surface Disinfection Methods for the Isolation of the Pathogen Verticillum spp in Cotton Stalk SUN Yan,SHI Xin-jian,WANG Zhen-hui,FENG Li-kai,ZHAO Jing,LIU Zheng 2019, 56(1): 104-110.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1726KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen a standard method of surface sterilization separation in the cotton Verticillium wilt pathogen. 【Method】 The lowest antibiotic content in PDA selective medium for inhibiting bacterial growth in four test materials was studied in this experiment, and four different methods were used to evaluate the effect of sterilization of the material surface (75% ethanol, 5% NaClO, 0.1% HgCl and 75% ethanol+5% NaClO).【Results】 The results showed that the lowest concentration of mixed antibiotic (streptomycin: penicillin: chloramphenicol m/m, 1∶1∶1) in PDA medium that could restrain bacteria growth was 500 mg/L; The best sterilization condition for the surface sterilization of fresh material or mild spoilage cotton stalk was 75% ethanol treatment for 4 min, and the surface sterilization condition of severe spoilage cotton stalk was 75% ethanol+5%NaClO for 5 min. 【Conclusion】 Selection of suitable sterilizing material and time is the key to isolate cotton Verticillium wilt to a large extent.

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Analysis on the Diversity of Bacterial Flora during the Natural Decomposing Process of Corn Straws by Illumina Miseq Sequencing WANG Zhi-fang, CHEN Jing, DAI Jin-ping, Glnur·Ahmat, WANG Xiao-wu,QIN Xin-zheng, LI Chen-hua, YANG Xin-ping 2019, 56(1): 111-119.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1475KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to analyze the composition and diversity of bacterial flora in the process of natural decomposition of cotton straw and obtain the dominant bacterial genera related to its decomposition, thus laying a foundation for the preparation of maturing fungicides.【Methods】 High-through sequencing was used to sequence the V4 region in 16S rDNA and based on this, the sequencing result was analyzed by bioinformatics methods.【Results】 There were 354,067 effective tags, 2,111 OTUs, 268 bacterial genus at the beginning of degradation, 300 bacterial genera at the middle of degradation, 325 genera at the end. It was shown by α diversity index that the diversity of bacterial community was increased after 7days. The difference was significant compared with that at the beginning(P＜0.05). The diversity difference was not significant during 7 to 28 days(P＞0.05). The dominant bacterial genera that existed during all the degradation included Sphingobacterium,Olivibacter,Pseudoxanthomonas,Devosia and Rhizobium. 【Conclusion】 During the natural decomposition of cotton straw, the diversity of bacterial community at the genus level was significantly different from that at the initial stage of decomposition at the 7th days(P＜0.05). With the prolongation of decomposing time, the diversity of colony tended to converge. There were five genus that existed as dominant genera throughout the decaying process. The function of these genera were predicted as degrading substance such as cellulose,lignin,pectic substance, which provided the nitrogen nutrition.

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Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Cotton under Drip Irrigation in Northern Xinjiang WEN Ming, LI Peng-bing, WANG Le, LI Ming-hua, LIU Yang, MA Fu-yu 2019, 56(1): 120-129.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1224KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of reduced nitrogen application on cotton dry matter biomass and yield formation under drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang.【Method】The field experiment was conducted by using Lumianyan 24 as the testing material, and four different nitrogen application levels were set, including 506 kg/hm2 (N1), 402.5 kg/hm2 (N2), 299 kg/hm2 (N3), 195.5 kg/hm2 (N4). Among them, N2 treatment was the conventional nitrogen application rate used by local farmers and N3, N4 were the nitrogen reduction treatments.【Result】Under N3 treatment, the period of rapid accumulation of dry matter lasted the longest (42 days), 15, 19 and 15 days more than those under N1, N 2 and N4 treatments, respectively. In addition, under N3 treatment, the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation Vm was the smallest, 13.3%, 24.2% and 10.74% lower than those under N1, N2 and N4 treatments, respectively. The maximum rate of dry matter accumulation Vm of vegetative organs and reproductive organs in N3 treatment reached the maximum, and the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation Vm of vegetative organs in N3 treatment was 35.92%, 3.48% and 0.67% higher than those in N1, N2 and N4 treatments, respectively. The maximum accumulation rates of dry matter in reproductive organs treated with N3 were 52%, 22% and 19% higher than those treated with N1, N2 and N4, respectively. The yield of seed cotton under N2 treatment was the highest, reaching 5,938.34 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than that under N1 and N4 treatment, but there was no significant difference between N3 and N2 treatments.【Conclusion】 High nitrogen promotes the distribution of dry matter to vegetative organs, while reducing nitrogen application rate in moderate level enhances the distribution of dry matter to reproductive organs. High nitrogen (N1) leads to vigorous vegetative growth in the middle and late stages of cotton, and moderate reduction of nitrogen application rate (N3) does not significantly reduce cotton yield. The optimum application rate of nitrogen for drip irrigation cotton in northern Xinjiang is about 299-402.5 kg/hm2.

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Study on the Effects of Application of the Controlled-release Fertilizer and Water Soluble Fertilizer Special for Cotton WANG Wei, HAN Xiao-zhao, LIU Heng-de, XU Dao-qing, LIU Xiao-ling, CHEN Min , KAN Hua-chun, LI Shu-ying,WANG Xiao-ming, Tursun ·Albra4, ZHENG Shu-feng 2019, 56(1): 130-136.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (970KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the application of cotton special controlled-release fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer in Pishan County, Xinjiang. 【Method】 5 treatments were set up in field experiments: T1: no fertilizer (CK); T2: conventional fertilization; T3: conventional fertilization + water soluble fertilizer; T4: cotton special controlled-release fertilizer + water soluble fertilizer; T5: a 20% decrease of cotton controlled-release fertilizer + water soluble fertilizer. After this, the effects of different fertilization treatments on cotton growth, yield components and yield, economic benefits and agronomic efficiency were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with conventional fertilization, the growth period of cotton treated with special controlled-release fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer had no obvious change, the plant height decreased, and the number of branches increased significantly. Cotton special controlled-release fertilization and water soluble fertilizer treatments increased the number of bolls and the boll weight, also the yield was increased. The income and agronomic efficiency of cotton controlled-release fertilizer + water soluble fertilizer treatments were the highest among these treatments. 【Conclusion】 The application of cotton special controlled-release fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer are suitable for local popularization in local area. It is a kind of fertilization mode of saving labor, increasing income and increasing efficiency.

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Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Application Combined with LiquidOrganic Fertilizer on Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) LI Yuan, ZHANG Yan, Halihashi Yibati, LI Qing-jun 2019, 56(1): 137-145.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1152KB) ( )   【Objective】 The project aims to compare the difference of fertilizer efficiency and economic benefit between nitrogen and phosphorus reduction and different liquid organic fertilizer applied on cotton under drip irrigation under mulch film in order to select suitable organic fertilizer species and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency and economic benefit.【Method】 Eleven treatments were designed during the bud stage, flowering stage and mature stage, including (1) common urea; (2) 80% common urea; (3)80% common urea + low content amino acid (80% NP+LAA); (4) 80% common urea + medium content amino acid; (5)80% common urea+ high content amino acid; (6) 80% common urea + low content fulvic acid; (7) 80% common urea + medium content fulvic acid; (8) 80% common urea + high content fulvic acid; (9) 80% common urea + low content biogas slurry; (10) 80% common urea + medium content biogas slurry; 80% common urea + high content biogas slurry.【Result】 The results showed that:80% common fertilization could significantly reduce the biomass and yield;The biomass and yield of cotton treated with medium amount amino acid, fulvic acid and biogas slurry in 80% conventional fertilization were the highest;When the amounts of organic fertilizer were the same, there was no significant difference in cotton yield between different types of organic fertilizer treatments.The economic benefit of cotton treated with 80% NP+MBS was the highest, which was 9.4% higher than that of conventional fertilization.【Conclusion】 The 80% NP+MBS has the best effect to improve the yield and economic benefit of cotton in Xinjiang.

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Study on the Response of Cotton Varieties with Different Genotypes to Defoliants ZHANG Da-wei, WEI Xin, XU Hai-jiang, LIU Zhong-shan, LI Chun-ping, MA Qing-qian, XU Jian-hui 2019, 56(1): 146-153.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1418KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the response of cotton varieties with different genotypes to defoliants in order to select cotton varieties with better defoliation effect. 【Method】 Defoliation with better effect was selected to study the photosynthesis, the leaf number, defoliation rate, boll number per plant, boll weight per boll, yield per boll, lint percentage, micronaire value and fiber length of cotton before and after spraying. 【Result】 From Pn point of view, the order of varieties sensitive to defoliant application for 5 days was P1, P3, P10 and P8; from Ci point of view, the order of varieties sensitive to defoliant application for 5 days was P1, P10, P2 and P3; the rate of defoliation of P10 and P3 was faster in the early stage, but the rate of defoliation of P1 was faster in the later stage, and the rate of defoliation was the highest; the indexes of yield traits (except for P2 lint and lint cotton) were lower than those of others. There was no significant difference in fiber quality between fresh water control and defoliant spraying (P > 0.05). 【Conclusion】 Comparing photosynthesis and defoliation rate of the different cotton varieties, it was concluded that P1, P3 and P10 varieties responded quickly to defoliants.

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Evaluation on the Field Control Effects of Compound Seed Coating Agents of Cotton and Fertilizer and Pesticide Reduction Analysis ZHANG Jun-gao, LI Jin, WANG Li-hong, LIU Meng-li, HU Peng, DU Peng-cheng, LEI Bin 2019, 56(1): 154-165.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (2372KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to screen new seed coating agents which can control the main diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage in Xinjiang, and promote cotton emergence and growth at the same time.【Methods】 Through the preparation of seed coating agent and the field experiment of cotton seed coating, the biological effect of cotton seed coating in the field was evaluated.【Results】 17.2% of imidacloprid·carboxin·hiram was the best in the field tests among eleven kinds of seed coating agents. The controlling effects on cotton damping off and cotton Fusarium red rot at the seedling stage were 72.28% and 74.44%, respectively. The controlling effect on the thrips was 83.33%, and the controlling effect on the cutworm was 85.00%. Compared with CK, it was showed that cotton seedling emergence rate, plant height, root length, stem diameter, fresh weight per plant, dry weight per plant, and the yield of 17.2% of imidacloprid·carboxin·hiram seed coating treatment were increased by 7.89%, 16.04%, 11.18%, 5.03%, 68.44%, 124.04%, 13.98% higher, respectively.【Conclusions】 17.2% of imidacloprid·carboxin·hiram seed coating agent could be used for controlling cotton diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage in Xinjiang. Compared with conventional pesticides sprayed, the dosage of chemical pesticides was reduced significantly.

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Toxicities of Essential Oils derived from 4 Artemisia species against Tetranychus turkestani and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from Artemisia capillaries ZHAO Na-na, LU Wei, FU Wen-jia, Gvlmira Amat, DU Shu-ya 2019, 56(1): 166-173.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1165KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to screen the control effect and the acaricidal activity of bio-miticides in the hope of providing the theoretical basis for the biological control and application of a new biological acaricide.【Method】 In order to explore the mite killing activity of the essential oil of four species of Artemisia species in the compositae family, the essential oil of plants was extracted by steam distillation, and the toxicity of the essential oil of different plants to T. turkestani leaf mite was determined by using the method of leaves-immersion bioassays. 【Result】 The result of the study showed that four essential oils were found to possess contact toxicity against T. turkestani, and the three essential oils (Artemisia capillaries, A. rupestris and A. selengensis) exhibited strong contact toxicity against adult T. turkestani with LC50 (median lethal concentration) value of 17.49, 18.17 and 22.26 mg/mL, and the LC50 was 4.25, 4.41 and 5.40 times of the positive control pyrethrum extract (LC50=4.12 mg/mL) respectively, which was slightly weaker than the pyrethrum extract. The activity of A. annua essential oils were weak, LC50 was 54.00 mg/mL, 13.10 times of the positive control pyrethrum extract. The commercial essential oil of A. capillaries was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 33 compounds were identited, accounting for 100.00% of the total oil, and the main components of the essential oil of A. capillaries were Germacrene D (16.16%), Caryophyllene oxider (10.42%) and A-Biorangesolanesol (7.03%)followed by tau.-Muurolol (4.83%) .【Conclusion】 The study indicates that the essential oil of A. capillaries has potentials to be developed into natural acaricide for the control of spider mites so it is of guiding significance to study the rational use of bio-acaricide for cotton field. In conclusion, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of plant-derived acaricide.

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Application Progress of New Fertilizers in Cotton Production Lv Dong-qing, SUN Han, ZHANG Ming-gu, LI Cheng-liang 2019, 56(1): 174-182.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1407KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the application status of new fertilizers on cotton. 【Method】 New fertilizer types and research progress on cotton yield, quality and physiological characteristics were summarized after reviewing the latest domestic and foreign related literatures.【Results】 Five new types of fertilizer, e.g. slow/controlled release fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, trace element fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer, have been applied to cotton cultivation to different extent. They could increase soil fertility, cotton yield and promote the healthy development of the cotton industry. However, there were currently tremendous differences in application efficiency due to the lack of uniform quality standards and evaluation systems for fertilizer production and processing.【Conclusions】 The application of new fertilizers can increase the yield of cotton lint and seed cotton, improve the quality of cotton and increase fertilizer use efficiency, which is of great significance to cotton production.

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Review on the Research Progress of Water and Fertilizer Integration MA Fu-yu, LIU Yang, CUI Jing, FAN Hua, LU Yang, LI Ming-ren 2019, 56(1): 183-192.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.01.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1214KB) ( )   【Objective】 Fertigation technology, which has experienced a development for more than 100 years, is in a rapid growth now. A comprehensive summary and review of the development trend of water-fertilizer integration technology not only can improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization by reducing fertilizer application and decreasing the leaching losses of nutrients, but it can also improve the mobility of phosphorus, potassium and other immobile elements in soil.【Methods】 Looking back on the development of water and fertilizer integration technology in the past 50 years, the water and fertilizer integration technology had many advantages, such as increasing water content and fertilizer utilization rate, and being conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural production, which could not only greatly reduce fertilizer use, decrease the loss of nutrients such as nitrogen leaching, enhance the mobility of phosphorus, potassium and other elements in the soil, improve their utilization efficiency, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, maintain soil loose state, improve soil porosity. All these were beneficial to the growth and development of crop root system without destroying the soil granular structure and at the same time, good ventilation performance was maintained. The development of water-soluble fertilizer is in a very active period. The development of water-soluble fertilizer tends to the direction of high solubility, high content, liquid state and total nutrition. The popularization and application of integrated water and fertilizer technology is of great significance for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency.【Results】 At present, the development of fertigation is faced with problems:(1) lack of customized fertilizers based on soil fertility, crop types and growth periods; (2) no matching of the physical and chemical characteristics of water-soluble fertilizer with crop planting technology and fertigation facilities; (3) insufficiency of the breadth and depth of the popularization of fertigation. When prospecting for the future development of fertigation technology: it is necessary (i) to strengthen the scientific operation and planning of crop nutrition with the convenient conditions of fertigation equipment; (ii) to strengthen the application of total fertigation on phosphate and potash; and (iii) vigorously to promote the technology of proportional inject fertilization to improve the precision of fertilization.【Conclusion】 We should strengthen the scientific management of crop nutrition, implement the dynamic regulation and control of nutrition management in crop growth period, popularize the application of phosphate fertilizer in the way of after-application, use intelligent variable-rate fertilization management system, and significantly reduce the use of fertilizer by implementing the integrated technology of water and fertilizer.