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Effects of Cotton PsbS Gene on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tobacco ZENG Xiao-yan, ZHAO Rui-hai, LI Zhi-bo, WEI Yi-nong 2019, 56(4): 589-598.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (10986KB) ( )   【Objective】 To expound the function of II PsbS gene in photo system from the point of view of photosynthesis according to the analysis of II PsbS gene in photosystem under different light conditions.【Method】In this experiment, cotton PsbS transgenic (Nicotiana tabacum xanthin), T3 generation lines and non-transgenic (wild-type, wt) tobacco) were used as materials to compare the biological characters (leaf area, chlorophyll content) and physiological (photosynthetic) characters under different light intensities (75, 240 and 450 μmol/(m2·s)) of the two types of tobaccos. 【Result】The leaf area of the transgenic plants increased rapidly in the early stage, and the content of chlorophyll components also varied. The contents of chlorophyll A and B were significantly higher than those of wild type tobacco, and the transgenic tobacco had stronger photosynthetic capacity accompanied by stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) increase. 【Conclusion】The transgenic PsbS gene can enhance the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Planting Modes of Machine-picked Cotton under the Equal Density Condition YANG Pei, CHEN Zhen, Abudukadier Kuerban, ZHANG Wei-tao, HUANG-You-xing,ZHANG Ju-song 2019, 56(4): 599-609.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (4779KB) ( )   【Objective】 To establish the optimal planting mode of mechanized cotton picking in Northern Xinjiang under the condition of equal density. 【Method】 Xinluzao 57 (loose plant type) and Xinluzao 48 (compact plant type) were used as experimental materials and three planting modes with equal density were planted, namely, three rows with one film, four rows with one film and six rows with one film. By measuring the growth and development of cotton, the effect of defoliation harvesting and the yield and quality of cotton, the effects of planting modes on cotton with different plant types and structures were explored, and the effects of different planting modes on cotton varieties were evaluated comprehensively. 【Result】 The growth period of cotton in one-film three-row mode was 2-6 days earlier than that in one-film four-row and one-film six-row model, and the plant height and fruit branch initial node height of cotton were better, which was more conducive to later mechanical harvesting. The increase of row spacing would increase the defoliation rate and boll-opening rate of cotton, and the branch-hanging rate of cotton leaves would also increase with the decrease of plant spacing; The planting pattern has a great effect on the yield of cotton, but had no obvious effect on the quality of cotton; Loose plant type cotton was more susceptible to the influence of planting pattern than compact plant type cotton. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of equal density, the overall performance of cotton varieties under the three-row mode with one film was better than that under the four-row and six-row modes with one film, which was suitable for popularization and application in production

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on NUE and Soil Nitrate Content of Spring Wheat-Silage Maize in Northern Xinjiang WEN Wen, LI Xin, LI Lu-hua, WANG Jiang-li 2019, 56(4): 610-623.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1576KB) ( )   【Objective】 To find out the distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen in the spring wheat-silage maize planting mode of drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang.【Method】In this study, Xinchun No.6 and Xinyu No.13 were selected as experimental materials. Four kinds of nitrogen treatments were applied to spring wheat, which were pure nitrogen content 0 (CK), 240, 360, 480 kg/hm2, and the silage maize was treated with 4 nitrogen treatments, which were 0 (CK), 225, 337.5, 450 kg/hm2. In the three growth stages of spring wheat, three different growth stages of silage-maize were taken from 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm, and the soil nitrate nitrogen content was determined by AA3 continuous measuring instrument.【Result】The changes of nitrate nitrogen content in the soil of spring wheat and silage maize with time were as follows: the content of soil nitrate nitrogen increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and increased first and then decreased with the advance of growth period. Spring wheat reached its peak during flowering stage, and silage maize peaked at spinning stage. The increase of nitrate nitrogen residue in the previous crop could increase the nitrate nitrogen content in the later soil. The spatial variation rule of soil nitrate nitrogen content was as follows: the content of nitrate nitrogen in soil of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil before and after stubble decreased with the deepening of soil layer, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Medium and high nitrogen application (wheat 360.0 kg/hm2 and 480.0 kg/hm2, silage maize 337.5 kg/hm2 and 450.0 kg/hm2) promoted the movement of nitrate nitrogen to the lower layer.In terms of yield and composition factors, both before and after the performance were as follows: with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the yield and composition factors increased first and then decreased. The yield of spring wheat under the nitrogen treatment of 360 kg/hm2 was up to 6,713.39 t/hm2, and that of silage maize was the highest, up to 88.91 t/hm2 (fresh weight ) under 225 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment. In terms of NUE, the annual NUE showed that the NP and NAE gradually decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.【Conclusion】Considering the combined nitrogen application rate, soil nitrate nitrogen content, yield and NUE, under the spring wheat-silage maize planting mode in northern Xinjiang, the nitrogen application combination of 360.0 kg/hm2 before stubble and 225.0 kg/hm2 after stubble will be beneficial to the realization of high yield and high efficiency utilization of nitrogen in the planting mode.    Key words: nitrogen application rate; spring wheat-silage maize; nitrate nitrogen content; yield; NUE Fund project:Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31460334); Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period (2012BAD42B03)

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Molecular Identification of Genes Related to Growth and Development Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Shading Condition Halidan Yikeremu, HUANG Tian-rong, ZHOU An-ding ,GAO Yong-hong, FANG Hui, FAN Gui-qiang, WU Xin-yuan 2019, 56(4): 624-631.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (5568KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to further study the genetic characteristics of shade-tolerant wheat varieties and germplasm resources, the main cultivars in southern Xinjiang, some newly bred varieties, domestic introduced varieties, self-breeding lines, etc., were selected as 1bl/1RS, vernalization gene and photoperiod gene for molecular marker identification. The aim was to understand the genetic background of the existing materials and lay the foundation for breeding new wheat varieties suitable for "fruit-wheat intercropping" model in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】The genes of main growth and development characteristics of winter wheat under shaded conditions were identified and analyzed by molecular markers 1Bl/1RS, Vrn-A1, Ppd-D1, TaSus2, TaCwi-A1a(CW121)and TaCwi-A1b(CW122).【Result】The results showed that of the 70 winter wheat materials identified, 1Bl/1RS(ω-sec-p1-p2)and (ω-sec-p3-p4) were 57.1% and 100%; Vrn-A1(Vrn-A1c) and(vrn-A1) were 97.1% and 74.2% ;Ppd-D1 gene type was 100%; TaSus2(Hap-H) and(Hap-L) were 41.4% and 30%;; CW121 and CW122(Table1) were 50% and 75.7% (see Table 1);1Bl/1RS(ω-sec-p1-p2)(ω-sec-p3-p4) types were 25%, 59%, 100%, 100%, respectively among the four main newly bred variety cultivars, some bred varieties and 66 other domestic introduced winter wheat varieties, their gen type Vrn-A1,(Vrn-A1c) and(vrn-A1)accounting for 75%, 98.4%, 100% and 72.7%, respectively; Ppd-D1was 100%;TaSus2(Hap-H)was not detected in main and newly bred varieties. The proportion of tasus2 (Hap-L) type was 75%; The percentage of other domestic introduced varieties TaSus2(Hap-H)(Hap-L)was 43.9% and 27.2%, respectively; The distribution frequency of CW121 and CW 122 type was 75% and 75% in the main and partially bred varieties in southern Xinjiang, and 48.4% and 75.7% in the other imported varieties in China (See fig. 1).【Conclusion】 All materials of 70 materials were gene type contain 1Bl/1RS (sec-p3-p4) and non- photoperiod sensitivity. The recessive vernalization gene was found in 4 main cultivars and newly bred major cultivars, and 68 materials carried photoperiod insensitive and dominant vernalization genes simultaneously. The distribution rates of gene types associated with 1,000-grain weight was fairly high(≥75%)

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Effects of Different Combinations of Organic Fertilizer and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Soil Organic Carbon of Multiple Cropping Soybean in Wheat-bean Rotation System ZHANG Yong-jie, FU Xiao-wen, XU Wen-xiu, FANG Yan-fei, DU Xiao-jing, AN Chong-xiao, SHE Run-xiang 2019, 56(4): 632-641.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1412KB) ( )   【Objective】 To find out the effects of different fertilization combinations on soil organic carbon and soybean yield and screen out best fertilization combinations in the hope of providing important theoretical basis for annual fertilization in Ili Valley.【Method】In this experiment, the split zone experiment design was adopted, and the main area was fertilization in wheat season, four treatments were set up: CK(non- fertilizer), A(nitrogen fertilizer), B(organic fertilizer), C(organic fertilizer+ nitrogen fertilizer). The sub-area was soybean season fertilization. On the basis A, B and C three treatments, the two levels of nitrogen application were applied as follows: no topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and topdressing nitrogen 150 kg/hm2, thus studying the effects of different fertilizer combinations on the soil organic carbon (SOC), oxidizing organic carbon (EOC), carbon pool management index (CPMI) and yield.【Results】The results showed that under different fertilizer combinations in 2017 and 2018, with the increase of the depth of soil layer (0-100 cm), the SOC, EOC of each treatment increased at first and then decreased, but the effect of each treatment on CPMI was not obvious. The content of SOC and EOC by A1, A2, B1 and B2 treatments reached the highest value when the depth of soil layer was 20-30 cm but there was no significant difference among the treatments. The content of SOC and EOC by C1 and C2 treatments reached the highest value when the depth of soil layer was 30-40 cm, arriving at a significant level with each treatment (P<0.05). In terms of the mean value of CPMI in each soil layer of 0-100 cm in two years, the average value was the highest in C1 treatment (the combination of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer). (C1) compared with the annual nitrogen application treatment (A2) and the control (CK), the treatment was 8.3% and 50.62% higher than those of the annual nitrogen treatment (A2) and the control, respectively. The yield of C1 treatment (organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer in wheat season in combination with Non-fertilizer treatment ) was 8.3% and 50.62% higher than those of A2 treatment (annual nitrogen application) and the control (CK), respectively. There was a significant correlation between yield and soil SOC, EOC and CPMI.【Conclusion】The C1 treatment not only improved soil quality, increased soil carbon sequestration, but also increased crop yield. This study screened out the most favorable combination of annual fertilization under drip irrigation, and provided an important theoretical basis for the annual fertilization in wheat-soybean rotation system in Ili River Valley

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Effects of Saline Alkali Stress on Photosynthesis and Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Sugar Beet DONG Xin-jiu, SHA Hong, GAO Yan, SHI Hong-liang, KUANG Peng-kun, GAO Wei-shi, LI Si-zhong, ZHANG Li-ming, YANG Hong-ze 2019, 56(4): 642-651.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1860KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of salt-alkali stress on the accumulation and yield of photosynthetic matter in sugar beet and reveal their effects on its growth and development in the hope of providing theoretical basis for salt-alkali tolerance cultivation of sugar beet. 【Methods】An outdoor pot experiment was carried in this experiment, a mixed salt solution of 1 mol/L was prepared according to the proportion of NaCl: Na2SO4: Na2CO3: NaHCO3 =1∶9∶1∶9, The concentration of Na+ in each treatment was as follows: 0,0.5%,0.8% and 1.0%. Using sugar beet varieties HI0135, SD12830 and MA11-8, the agronomic traits, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), biomass accumulation and yield of sugar beet under saline alkali stress were measured.【Results】The results showed that HI0135 beet plant height, leaf number, Pn, biomass accumulation, salt sensitivity index, salt tolerance index and yield were increased first and then decreased with the increase of concentration of salt and alkali stress, the growth and development, the biomass accumulation and yield of sugar beet were promoted under the saline alkali stress of 0-0.5%, but SD12830 and MA11-8 beets showed persistent inhibition.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment, HI0135 beet varieties showed a certain promotion effect when the concentration of saline alkali stress was 0.5%, which indicated that it had strong adaptability to the saline alkali environment

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Effect of Long Term Formula Fertilizer on Rape Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Xinjiang HOU Xian-fei , ZHAO Wei-fang , AN Xue-chun , GU Yuan-guo , LI Qiang , Jamaitimin Smayi , JIA Dong-hai 2019, 56(4): 652-659.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (992KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of special long-acting formula fertilizer on yield and fertilizer use efficiency of spring rapeseed in Xinjiang, the optimum fertilization rate was selected. 【Method】In this study, the shoot biomass yield, nutrient accumulation and yield were measured at mature stage with different NPK ratios of special long-acting formula fertilizer as control treatment and farmers' conventional fertilization as test treatment and the fertilizer utilization efficiency were calculated and analyzed.【Results】 With the increase of special fertilizer use in rapeseed, the number of effective plants, pod angle per plant, grain number per pod, grain yield and fertilizer yield increased at first and then decreased. Among the different treatment, Treatment 5 had the largest yield increase (55.64%), followed by Treatment 2 (51.79%); The grain yield of treatment 5 was the highest, so was the stem yield' They were 3,799.92 kg/ hm2 and 7,579.95 kg/hm2, respectively. There were significant differences in nutrient input and output among different treatments, and the nitrogen outputs of treatments 3, 4 and 5 were higher than the inputs. The calculation and analysis of fertilizer utilization efficiency indicated that the highest N nutrient rate was found in treatment 3 (89.8%), the highest P2O5 nutrient rate was found in treatment 5 (46.9%), the highest fertilizer apparent utilization rate was found in treatment 3 (86.84%), followed by treatment 5 (85.27%), and the fertilizer agronomic utilization rate of treatment 5 was the highest (4.837,0), which was higher than that the conventional fertilizer (treatment 2)( 2.037).【Conclusion】 The application of special fertilizer 600 kg/hm2 (treatment 5) in spring rape area of Xinjiang showed that N, P2O5 and K2O were 10.0 kg/hm2, 4.8 kg/hm2 and 3.6 kg/hm2, respectively. The fertilizer yield was the highest (54.16%) and the grain yield was 3,799.92 kg/hm2, which was significantly different from those of the CK and the farmers' conventional fertilization. In addition, attention should be paid to two aspects of the fertility of the land and balanced fertilization in the field

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Comparative Study on Yield and Nutritional Components of Multiple Cropping Forage Sorghum and Corn Zaituniguli Kuerban , TU Zhen-dong ,YE Kai , Aikebaier Yilahong 2019, 56(4): 660-666.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (726KB) ( )   【Objective】 The main nutrient contents and distribution rules of forage sorghum and maize were studied in order to provide scientific basis for improving feed quality and developing and utilizing feed resources in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】Under the same cultivation and management conditions, maize variety Xinyu 29 and forage sorghum Jinmu 1 were used to compared and analyze the productivity and nutrient composition of the two multiple cropping species after wheat. 【Result】Jinmu No.1 could be cut twice a year, while Xinyu No.29 was only harvested once. The fresh yield of Jinmu No.1 was higher than of that of Xinyu No. 29. Their total yields were 167,732.73 kg/hm2 and 76,276.27 kg/hm2, respectively; the yield of the former was 119.90% higher than that of the latter. The nutritional components and distribution of stems and leaves of Jinmu No. 1 and Xinyu No.29 were different, but both of their crude protein and total soluble sugar had the same distribution rule, stems > leaves. The crude ash and water content of different parts of Jinmu No.1 and Xinyu No.29 had the same distribution rule, leaves > stems, displaying obvious difference(P﹤0.01). The different cutting periods also had certain effects on the nutritional content of forage sorghum. The crude fiber content of the first cutting was higher than that of the second cutting, and the soluble sugar content of the first cutting was lower than that of the second cutting. The water content of Jinmu No.1 was 77.52%, the total sugar content was 13.61%, which were significantly higher those of Xinyu No.29.【Conclusion】Compared with Xinyu No.29, Jinmu No.1 has the characteristics of higher yield, higher crude protein, higher crude ash and higher water content, which means that it has better quality for silage. This research provides a scientific basis for the promotion and application of forage sorghum

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Analysis of Seed Vigor and Soil Factors of Haloxylon ammodendron in Different Areas of Xinjiang HE Quan , JIANG Rui-juan , ZHU Jun , SHI Shu-bing , LI Xiao-jin 2019, 56(4): 667-677.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1471KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the correlation between seed vigor and soil factors of Haloxylon ammodendron in Xinjiang, and to screen the dominant factors affecting its vitality.【Method】 With the seeds of Haloxylon ammodendron in Xinjiang as the test material, the soil factors (pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium) were detected by physical and chemical analysis. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were applied and principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis were used for comprehensive analysis.【Result】RESULTS: Fresh weight, dry weight, seedling height, germination potential and germination rate of Haloxylon ammodendron were positively correlated with seed vigor index. Comparison of seedling traits and seed vigor in different areas found that the germination potential of Toksun County was The germination rate is better than other seed sources; there are some differences in soil nutrient content and pH in different regions.【Conclusion】1) Comparison of seed traits and seed vigor of different provenance seeds showed that the germination potential and germination rate of Toksun County were better than other seed sources. 2) The correlation between pH value of soil factor, fresh weight, dry weight, germination rate, vigor index I, vigor index II and vigor index III is also an important factor affecting vigor index III

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Response of Secondary Metabolites to Insect Stress in Xinjiang Wild Apple MEI Chuang, YAN Peng, Aisajan Mamat, ZHU Yan-fei, MA Kai, HAN Li-qun, WANG Ji-xun 2019, 56(4): 678-684.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (5235KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of the study is to provide a theoretical basis for the effective protection and utilization of Xinjiang wild apple (Malus sieversii) by understanding the changes of secondary metabolites and their generation pattern in the plant under insect stress. 【Method】 The content change trend of secondary metabolites was determined qualitatively and quantitatively by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using insect-resistant strains identified in the previous period as materials. 【Result】 Under natural conditions without pest stress, the content of coumaric acid in the control group was significantly higher than that of the resistant strains, which were 2.2×104 μg/mL versus 0.5×104 μg/mL respectively, with a fold change of 4.4. The contents of trans-cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid and ferulic acid did not change much. Under the insect infection condition, the content of trans-cinnamic acid, one of the hydroxycinnamyl derivatives, increased significantly to a very high level. The figures were 3.3 ×104 μg/mL and 2.2×106 μg/mL in the control and the resistant group with a fold change of 6.8. At the same time, the caffeic acid in the insect-resistant strains was significantly higher or 3.8 times of the control ones. Similar change was observed in ferulic acid content. The control strains were significantly richer in quercetin compared with the resistant ones, reaching 44.3%. And the changes of alkaloids, benzoic acid and chlorogenic acid were not significant. 【Conclusion】 Secondary metabolites such as hydroxycinnamyl derivatives experienced positive responses in Xinjiang wild apple after the invasion of Agrilusmali Mats

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Effects of Low Temperature Stress on the Content of Penetration Substance, Membrane Peroxidation and Protective Enzyme Activity in Ribes rubrum Gulijiang Xukuerhan, SUN Ya-li ,Ayiguli Tiemuer, LU Ming-yan, Haerken Yeerjiang, Baharguli Ayoufu 2019, 56(4): 685-695.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (2623KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the physiological response of three introduced small berry red gallons varieties: Altayskaya rubinaya, Zhukov and Golandiskaya rozavoya to low temperature stress.【Method】Taking the one year branches as the experimental materials, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline content, MDA, relative electrolyte conductivity CAT, SOD and POD contents were investigated on varieties of Ribes rubrum branches under the low temperature stress (-15℃(CK), -20℃, -25℃, -30℃, -35℃ and -40℃)and the effects of low temperature stress on the physiological indexes of plant branches were discussed, and the significant differences and multiple comparisons of the obtained data were carried out, and the cold resistance of different varieties was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA).【Result】(1) The soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, and relative electrolyte conductivity were increased by low temperature stress following an S-curve. MDA content increased at the beginning and then decreased, Since the low temperature stress, the MDA of Altayskaya rubinaya, Zhukov sharply decreased at the -30℃ and -40℃; The CAT, SOD, POD content increased at the beginning and then decreased, Since the low temperature stress, the SOD of Altayskaya rubinaya Gradually decreased, but higher than another two varieties. (2) Comprehensive scores and the sorting of different verities of Ribes rubrum were: Altayskaya rubinaya ＞ Golandiskaya rozavoya ＞Zhukov. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of low temperature stress, the different varieties of Ribes rubrum could improve the osmotic regulation substances content and enhance the protective enzyme activity of peroxide damage to relieve stress, which showed stronger cold resistance ability, the relative conductivity and comprehensive evaluation of principal component analysis can accurately identify the cold resistance of Ribes rubrum.

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Polyphenols from Raisins in Xinjiang: Optimization of Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Process by Response Surface Methodology Xie Hui , Wang Xian , Zhang Wen , Wu Guo-hong , Wang Min , Han Shou-an , Yi Zhati·Tuerdahong , Zhong Hai-xia , Pan Ming-qi , Lu Sheng-zu ,Li Jiang 2019, 56(4): 696-706.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (8304KB) ( )   【Objective】 The Box-Behnken test design combined with response surface analysis was used to optimize the extraction process of polyphenols in raisins.【Methods】The optimum range of ethanol concentration, material and liquid ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature was determined by single factor test under the condition of ultrasonic assistance. Then, response surface method was adopted to design and measure the extraction rate of total polyphenols and select the optimal conditions.【Results】The optimal conditions of extraction rate was: the ethanol concentration was 54%, material and liquid ratio was 68∶1(mL/g), extraction time was 35 min, extraction temperature was 75℃. The raisin polyphenol content in the validation test was 3.599,2 mg/g with a difference of 0.064,2 mg/g. The dark reaction time was determined to be 40 min. The content of SP522 in raisins was the highest, reaching 3.94 mg/g. The content of non-nuclear purple raisins in the main varieties was the highest, reaching 2.08 mg/g.【Conclusion】The optimized raisin polyphenol extraction process is reasonable and easy to operate

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Expression and Correlation Analysis of the Halophyte Halostachys caspica miR393b with Predictive Target Gene HcTIR1 under Salt Stress WANG Peng-ju, HUANG Shi-ping, YANG Rui-rui, ZENG You-ling 2019, 56(4): 707-713.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (2276KB) ( )   【Objective】 microRNA , as a kind of small endogenous non-coding RNA, affects plant various biological process by negatively regulating the expression of corresponding target genes. Halostachys caspica as a salt-diluted short shrub belonging to the Chenopodiaceae is distributed widely in acrid and saline-alkali region of Xinjiang and shows extreme salt-tolerance. In this study, the expression patterns and correlations of miR393b and the predicted target gene TIR1 of this species under salt stress were discussed.【Method】 The analysis of bioinformatics was used to predict the target gene using the H. caspica transcriptome data. The relative expression of Halostachys caspica miR393b and TIR1 was detected by qRT-PCR under salt stress using this species' branches and the correlation analysis was performed. 【Result】miR393b between different plant species is highly conserved through sequence alignment; The H.caspica branches miR393b and HcTIR1 responded to salt stress and showed a certain negative correlation under high sanility of 600 mM NaCl.【Conclusion】Halostachys caspica miR393b and the predictive target gene responded to salt stress and both of them had a certain negative correlation under high salt concentration. The results of this study laid the foundation for further exploration of the biological function of miR393b and HcTIR1 in the halophyte Halostachys caspica.

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A Preliminary Report of Main Biological Characteristics of Black Walnut Rot and Screening of Indoor Fungicides BI Si-jin , SONG Feng-hui , ZHANG Yan-nan , SHI Yan-jiang , BAI Jian-yu 2019, 56(4): 714-723.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (4071KB) ( )   【Objective】 To preliminarily clarify the biological characteristics of the black walnut rot (Cytospora chrysosperma) and carry out the toxicity test of the fungicides to the pathogen in the laboratory in the hope of providing alternative pesticides for the screening of field control agents.【Methods】The mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the growth rate of pathogen under different carbon sources, different temperatures, different pH values and different light conditions, thereby, to preliminarily clarify the biological characteristics of pathogen. The toxicity test of the fungicides to pathogen was carried out to provide alternative pesticides for field control. 【Results】Pathogens could grow on 8 kinds of different carbon source media, but they grew better on PDA, PSA, PCA and carrot medium than on other 4 different carbon source media. Pathogens grew best on PDA, followed by PSA, PCA and carrot culture. Pathogens could grow at 5-35℃, and the optimum temperature was (25±1)℃. Pathogens could grow in the range of pH 3-10, but the most suitable condition was pH value about 5. There was no significant difference in mycelial growth of pathogen under 24 h light, 12 h alternation of light and dark and 24 h darkness; Among them,, the mycelial growth of pathogen was relatively fast under 24 h light, but relatively slow under the other two light conditions. There were significant differences in toxicity of 12 selected agents to black walnut rot pathogen. Among them, 10% difenoconazole was the most virulent, whose EC50 value was 0.001 mg/L, followed by 16% benzol, whose EC50 value was 0.017 mg/L, while 47% kasugamycin-copper acetate was the least virulent, whose EC50 value was 2,481.10 mg/L.【Conclusion】PDA was the most suitable medium for the growth of Cytospora chrysosperma among the selected 8 kinds of media, The optimum growth temperature was (25±1)℃, the optimum pH value was 5, and the optimum illumination condition was 24 hours. The selected 12 kinds of fungicides have certain inhibitory effects on mycelial growth, among them, the difenoconazole had the strongest inhibitory effect, followed by benzoyl mesophyll and polymanganese zinc. The 3 kinds of fungicides could be used as alternatives for field pesticides screening experiments

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Effects of Overcrowding and Light Conditions on Escape Behavior of Tribolium castaneum Adults LI Chao , CHEN Yun , LIU Juan ,LIAO Jiang-hua , DING Xin-hua , FU Kai-yun , GUO Wen-chao , HE Jiang 2019, 56(4): 724-730.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (7174KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the escape activity of Tribolium castaneum adults movement behavior and study the control method of the population. 【Method】Taking the adults of Tribolium castaneum as the research object, the daily escape phenomenon was observed, and the effects of congestion and light conditions on the escape behavior were studied preliminarily. 【Result】 There were significant differences between the amount of daily escape of Tribolium castaneum in the condition of light and dark. The amount of Tribolium castaneum adult daily escape was positively correlated with the crowd, which was indicated by the different numbers of insects in one plate; When the degree of overcrowding was more than 50 heads or more per plate , the movement of Tribolium castaneum adults was frequent, and the number of escapes in dark condition was significantly fewer than that under light condition. 【Conclusion】The light can stimulate the escape behavior of the adults, and the increase of congestion is helpful to the escape of the adults

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Preparation of Protoplast Mononuclear Strain of Pleurotus ostreatus and Analysis of Its Culture Characteristics Nurziya Yarmamat ,ZHAO Meng-ran ,LUO Ying ,HAO Jing-zhe ,WEI Peng , JIA Wen-jie ,JIA Pei-song ,Hunqam Abliz 2019, 56(4): 731-739.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (4986KB) ( )   【Objective】 Based on the comparative analysis of the culture characteristics of protoplast mononuclear regenerated strains of Pleurotus ostreatus, the creative materials and technical theoretical support were provided for the breeding of new varieties.【Methods】Mononuclear strains of Pleurotus ostreatus were obtained by protoplast preparation technology and the culture characteristics of the experimental strains were analyzed by biological method.【Results】With the prolongation of enzymatic hydrolysis time, the protoplast release of 11 strains increased first and then decreased. The release of protoplasts from 11 strains was the highest when treated with enzyme hydrolysis for 3.5 h, the concentration of which was 2.12 × 107 /mL, accounting for 84.6% of the total. The protoplast germination rate and mononuclear rate of protoplasts of each strain were quite different. The average germination rate of protoplasts was 69. 62%, and the mononuclear rate of protoplasts was 5.74%. The mycelial growth rate, morphology and growth potential of the originating strains and their monocytes were compared and analyzed. The mycelial morphology of 20 monocytes was better than that of their originating strains, accounting for 48.78% of the monokaryotic strains, and the mycelial growth rate of 12 monocytes was significantly higher than that of their originating strains, accounting for 29.27% of the monokaryotic strains.【Conclusion】To sum up, all the tested strains had rich genetic diversity in protoplast release rate, protoplast regeneration ability, mononuclear yield rate, hyphal growth rate, colony morphology and so on. The findings laid a good material foundation for the breeding of new varieties of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in the future

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Analysis of the Influence of Body Size Index of Xinjiang Yemule White Sheep Ram on Its Body Weight LIANG Xiao-peng ,ZHANG Zhen-liang ,Amankaidi Mohamedikhan ,YAO Li-dan , Baoaodungerile ,Jueken Aniwashi 2019, 56(4): 740-748.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (689KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this paper, the influence of body size index on body weight of Yemule sheep was analyzed by different statistical analysis methods in the hope of providing theoretical basis for ram selection.【Methods】The experiment was conducted at the breeding base of the Yemule White Sheep Breeding Promotion Center in Emin County. The body weight and body size indicators of 50 2 year old Yemule White Sheep rams were randomly measured. The data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for preliminary preparation. After that, statistical analysis, correlation analysis, path analysis and stepwise regression analysis were performed with SPSS 19.0; 【Results】The coefficient of variation of fat-thickness thickness was the highest in all indicators, which was 13.32%. Correlation analysis showed that body height, body length, chest circumference, chest width, chest depth, fat hip length, fat hip width, and fat hip thickness were significantly correlated with body weight, and tube circumference and body weight were significantly correlated. The correlation coefficient between chest circumference and body weight was the largest, 0.886, and the correlation coefficient between tube circumference and body weight was the smallest, 0.336. Path analysis showed that the direct effect of chest circumference on body weight was the largest, 0.34, and the indirect effect of chest depth on body weight was the largest, 0.751. The effect of chest circumference and chest width on the weight of Yemule White Sheep not only had a strong direct effect, but also a strong indirect effect. Through stepwise regression analysis, four main body size indexes were selected as chest circumference, chest width, body length and fat hip width.【Conclusion】The linear regression equation of body weight and body size is also y=-65.113+0.647x3 (chest circumference)+0.518x8 (fat hip width)+1.248x1 (chest width)+0.378x2 (body length)

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Effect of the peNDF Level of Straw Combined Pellet Feed on Blood Biochemical Indexes in Fattening Sheep WU Hong-yan , GUO Tong-jun , ZHANG Zhi-jun , ZHANG Jun-yu , SANG Duan-ji , ZANG Chang-jiang 2019, 56(4): 749-757.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (611KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of peNDF level of straw mixture pellet feed on sheep production performance. 【Methods】 42 5-month-old healthy male lambs of small tail Han sheep were randomly divided into 2.5 mm group, 6 mm group, 12 mm group, 16 mm group, 20 mm group and 25 mm group according to their body weight, with 7 lambs in each group. These sheep were fed with different diets according to their roughage particle size and were added the same proportion to the same nutrients requirements diet during 70-day experimental period. 【Results】 The results showed that the content of serum total protein in 2.5 mm group was significantly lower than that in 6 mm group, 12 mm group and 25 mm group; Serum albumin content in 2.5 mm group was also significantly lower than that in 20 mm group and 25 mm group; The content of serum urea nitrogen in 2.5 mm group was 19.09%(P<0.01), 26.60% (P<0.01), 22.54% (P<0.01), 16.28% (P< 0.05) and 18.94% (P< 0.01) higher, respectively than that in 6 mm group, 12 mm group, 16 mm group, 20 mm group and 25 mm group; The content of lactate dehydrogenase increased gradually along with the increase of peNDF level in straw combined particle; The serum lactate dehydrogenase content in 25 mm group was higher than that in 2.5 mm and 6 mm group 15.67% and 13.75%, respectively (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference in other groups. The blood cholesterol level in 25 mm group was 16.94% (P<0.05) and 21.31% (P<0.01) higher, respectively than that in 6 mm and 12 mm group; The serum alkaline phosphatase content in 20 mm group was 37.64%(P<0.01), 32.99%(P<0.01), 25.67%(P<0.05), 30.33%(P<0.01) and 28.30%(P<0.01) higher, respectively than that in 2.5 mm, 6 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm and 25 mm group. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that when straw combined particle's peNDF1.18 was 6.24%-7.69% and peNDF8.00 was 47.88%-52.61%, it was not conducive to energy metabolism and protein synthesis metabolism in sheep and when the straw combined particle's peNDF1.18 was 64.09%-73.32% and peNDF8.00 was 27.03%-47.05%, it was beneficial to sheep body fat deposition

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Research on Published Articles Visualization in the Journal Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Based on Citespace II MA Ji-hong , TIAN Chang-yan , LÜ Guang-hui , ZHANG Qiong ,WANG Fang ,HE Jing , YUE Rong-qiang ,LI Zhao-hui 2019, 56(4): 758-770.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (2253KB) ( )   【Objective】 Academic influence is an important index to understand a journal. We aim to clarify the evolution process of the focus and the changes of the journal's (Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences) influence at home and abroad from 1999 to 2017 in the hope of providing technical support and theoretical basis for journal influence research and journal development【Method】Based on Citation Index Chinese Science Citation Database-Journal Citation Reports (CSCD-JCR) and SCI citation data and network analysis tools and bibliometric method, the visualization of papers published in the journal Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences from 1999 to 2017 by CSCD was studied, and the knowledge map of papers' co-occurrence was established. The dynamics of citation frequency and topic distribution of papers published in Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences in SCI database were clarified, and the journal influence was evaluated.【Result】During the analysis period, the articles in Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences mainly focused on the agricultural cultivation and management technology in the arid northwest of Xinjiang. In recent years, the agricultural ecological environment and molecular biology technology have gradually become the focus of the journal. The domestic influence of the Journal increased rapidly before 2010 and stabilized after 2010. Its international influence has gradually become more and more prominent with the passage of time. In the core collection of web of science, 393 papers in Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences was cited 525 times by 457 SCI papers, and the author organizations of citation papers were distributed in 44 countries. The scientific issues of SCI citation papers shifted from agricultural yield and water and fertilizer management technology to agro-ecological environment and climate change gradually. 【Conclusion】Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences has a high academic importance and influence in the western part of China and even in the main agricultural regions of the whole country and has gradually shown its international academic recognition, but its international influence still needs to be further improved

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Research on the Influence Mechanism of Scientific Research Literacy of Scientific Research Personnels on Scientific Research Innovation Performance based on Structural Equation Model REN Hong-song ,CHEN Bao-feng , Xiao Li , ZHANG Qiong ,WANG Fang ,CHEN Yu-wei 2019, 56(4): 771-784.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.04.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (57155KB) ( )   【Objective】 By using 178 scientific researchers of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences as a sample, this project aims to study the path and mechanism of the influence of scientific research literacy on scientific research innovation performance.【Method】In the research process, the structural equation model was used to study and verify the influence path and mechanism of scientific literacy on innovation input and innovation output in each sample.【Results】First of all, scientific research literacy, individual ability, thinking style and scientific research foundation all significantly affected the input and output of scientific research innovation, and the input also significantly affected the output of scientific research innovation. Secondly, the higher the scientific research quality of researchers was, the more innovation input and output would be promoted. Thirdly, innovation output was divided into theoretical output and output of product category, and the influence of scientific research literacy was not the same. In view of the direct effect, the influence of scientific research literacy on theoretical output was more prominent, which indicated that scientific research literacy could directly affect the quantity and quality of a person's published papers, as well as the quantity and quality of works and other theoretical achievements. In view of the direct effect, the influence of scientific research literacy on theoretical output is more prominent, which shows that scientific research literacy can directly affect the quantity, quality and quantitative quality of a person's papers. 【Conclusion】The above results show that the improvement of scientific research literacy can have a significant influence on the performance of scientific research innovation, which is conducive to the innovation drive