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20 May 2019, Volume 56 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Community Diversity in Pyrogenic Succession of Kanas Taiga and Its Measure Indices ZOU Zhuo-ying, PAN Cun-de, LI Gui-hua, YU Ge-bi, ZHANG Fan, LIU Bo, GUO Ke 2019, 56(5): 785-796.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1767KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to study the measurement indicators and indices for the community diversity analysis of pyrogenic succession in taiga by comparing the influence of abundance, coverage and important value on the community diversity indices. 【Methods】 This project chose eleven measuring indices measuring the community species abundance, species diversity, species dominance and species evenness of community to analyze pyrogenic succession communities of Kanas taiga in Xinjiang by taking the abundance, cover and important value as the measuring indicators. The eleven indices were analyzed by using investigation data of 383 typical sample plots of 8 community types. 【Results】 The variation trends of homogeneous species abundance indices, diversity indices, dominance indices and evenness indices about 8 community were the same or similar by taking the important value as the measuring indicator. For community diversity, the effect of species evenness was stronger than that of species abundance. In terms of species abundance, the sensitivity of Patrick abundance index, Shannon diversity index and Simpson dominance index was higher than that of the same type indices. But McIntosh evenness index was lower than the same type indices.【Conclusion】 In the process of studying the pyrogenic succession community diversity of Kanas taiga, the important value, Patrick abundance index, Shannon diversity index, Simpson dominance index and McIntosh evenness index can be used as a measure indices. The contribution of species evenness to the species diversity index of pyrogenic succession community in Kanas taiga is greater than that of species abundance

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Correlation Analysis of the Processing Tomato Based on the Main Characteristics of the Fruit and Pulp Tissue YANG Tao, TANG Ya-ping, ZANG Guo-ru, LI Xiao-qin, Patiguli, WANG Bai-ke, LI Ning, WANG Juan, YU Qing-hui, YANG Sheng-bao 2019, 56(5): 797-807.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1230KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of his paper is to study the correlation and cluster of different characters in different pepper resources and lay a foundation for the further improvement of Xinjiang dry pepper varieties. 【Method】The 24 pepper advanced self-line germplasm resources were employed in this paper to evaluate the main fruit's traits, the main characteristic of the pulp cells structure and the time-consuming of the fruit losing 75% water. Thereafter, the correlation and cluster analysis was implemented to all the characteristic. By comparing the main characteristics of 12 processed tomato high-purity germplasm resources, the cross section of the fruit of the test material was determined. The thickness of the outer fruit skin of each test piece was compared and analyzed by the paraffin section technique. 【Result】The results showed that the positive and negative significance correlation existed among the characteristic, and the correlation coefficient ranged from -0.625** to 0.976**. Furthermore, 24 pepper germplasm resources could be divided into five groups by euclidean distance UPGMA method. The first groups included 8 lines, the second group included six lines, the third group included three lines, the fourth group included six lines, and the fifth group only included one line which implied the peculiarity of this line. 【Conclusion】The thicker the exocarp, the lower the decay rate of the fruit after being placed at room temperature for several days. This has important reference value for breeding excellent tomato varieties with good field tolerance

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Effects of Canopy Types and Plant-derived Nutrient Solution on Canopy microclimate and berry quality of Merlot ZHANG Wen, WANG Min, HAN Shou-an, ZHONG Hai-xia, XIE Hui, YONG Fei, ZHANG Fu-chun, ZHOU Xiao-ming , PAN Ming-qi 2019, 56(5): 808-816.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1051KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this article, effects of canopy types and plant-derived nutrient solution on the growth and the berry quality of Merlot of canopy type were studied in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the production and management of high quality wine grape in the northern piedmont producing area of Tianshan Mountains. 【Method】 7a old Merlot was taken as the research object and 4 treatments were set up: fence canopy type, fence canopy type with plant-derived nutrient solution, V canopy type and V canopy type with plant-derived nutrient solution. Changes of interfruit temperature, humidity and other environmental indexes at fruit expansion period, color-changed period and mature period were mensurated; and the index of PAR daily variation regularity, leaf quality and photosynthetic capacity of different places of canopy were determined at colour-changed period; the fruit quality index as weight of cluster and berry, pericarp weight /berry weight, number of seed, loose degree of cluster, soluble solid, titratable acid were measured during mature period. 【Result】 V-shaped leaf curtain type increased the light exposure index of Merlot grape leaf curtain population and enhanced the interfruit diurnal temperature difference at different stages of berry development, which led to the improvement of leaf quality and photosynthetic capacity, the loose of the grape cluster and the increase of the fruit soluble solid and titratable acid content; The leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein content and photosynthetic capacity were increased and physiological activity of leaf was improved with plant-derived nutrient solution treatment

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Effect of Exogenous ALA on Fruit Quality of Crimson Seedless Grape LIU Jing-jing, SUN Jun-li, ZHAO Bao-long, ZHANG Meng-yan, ZHANG Shuai 2019, 56(5): 817-825.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1789KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effects of fruit quality of different concentrations of exogenous ALA on the fruit quality Crimson seedless grapes.【Method】In this experiment, Krissom seedless grape was used as the test material to the effects of different concentrations of exogenous ALA on glycolic acid content, longitudinal and transverse diameter, anthocyanin content and PAL enzyme activity of Kerrison seedless grape were studied.【Results】ALA treatment with different concentrations significantly increased the longitudinal and transverse diameter of fruits, the chlorophyll relative content increased by 12.03%, and the average ratio of sugar to acid in fruit was 106.21% higher than that in the control. The accumulation of anthocyanin and the activity of the associated PAL increased significantly, with an average increase of 194.71% and 82.35% respectively. Anthocyanin was positively correlated with PAL enzyme activity and soluble sugar content in Crimson peel, and was negatively correlated with titratable acid content. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the control, the best promotion effect was 100 mg/L of ALA. Exogenous ALA treatment can improve the fruit size and sugar-acid ratio of Crimson seedless grape and promote fruit flavor and color to a certain extent

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Evaluation of Walnut Soil Nutrients and the Correlation with Its Yield LI Qing-jun, GENG Qing-long, LAI Ning, CHEN Shu-huang 2019, 56(5): 826-833.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1143KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to evaluate the nutrient availability of walnut soil in Yecheng County, analyze its correlation with the walnut yield and clarify the nutrient factors that limit the yield. 【Method】Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and total soluble salt were collected from walnut orchard in Yecheng County, and soil nutrient classification was carried out to analyze the correlation between various nutrients and walnut yield. 【Result】Organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus all belonged to the middle and low levels. Available potassium belonged to the middle level. 69.7% of the soil pH was greater than 8.5, and 98.6% of the total soluble salt of the soil was less than 2.0 g/kg. Organic matter and available potassium had no significant effect on walnut yield. When available nitrogen was > 90 mg/kg, the yield of walnut increased by 13.1%. When the available phosphorus was > 20 mg/kg, the yield of walnut increased by 11.4%. When the pH was > 8.5, the yield of walnut decreased by 17.1%. And when total soluble salt was > 2.0 g/kg, the yield of walnuts was reduced by 15.0%. 【Conclusion】The walnut soil in Yecheng County was at a medium-low level. The pH value and total soluble salt had the greatest impact on walnut yield, followed by available nitrogen and available phosphorus

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Genetic Analysis of Huanghou and Its Sister Lines and Parent Materials Based on ISSR Markers ZHANG Yong-bing, LI Mei-hua, ZHANG Xue-jun, YANG Yong, YI Hong-ping 2019, 56(5): 834-840.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (884KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze genetic diversity and relationship of parents and sister lines of 'Huanghou' in the hope of providing theoretical basis for genetic improvement of Hami melon in Xinjiang.【Method】Twelve materials were studied by using Un-weighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic means (UPGMA) and Principal component analysis (PCA) based on ISSR markers.【Result】The average Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's information index were 0.37 and 0.55, and the average Jaccard similarity coefficient (JC) was 0.58 with a range of 0.23-0.91. The average JC between 'Golden beauty' and other materials tested was 0.28. Except for 'Golden beauty', all parents and most sister lines were grouped in cluster Ⅰ, showing certain genetic distance from the other three materials that were divided into three clusters, cluster Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, respectively. 'Golden beauty' was distinct from the other materials tested, and all sister lines but 'Huanghou' and 'Huanghou 88' showed a smaller genetic difference from each other. The results of PCA analysis were consistent with those of UPGMA cluster analysis.【Conclusion】Genetic background of 'Huanghou' and 'Huanghou 88' was broader than that of other sister lines, which exhibited certain genetic difference from their parents, indicating that these two sister lines could be main parents to heterosis in Hami melon breeding

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Effect of Combined Application of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Tomato Growth and Quality under the Condition of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction TANG Yu, BAO Hui-fang, ZHAN Fa-qiang, HOU Min, WANG Ning, YANG Rong, LIN Zing-jing, LONG Xuan-qi 2019, 56(5): 841-854.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1660KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of replacement of conventional fertilizer with conventional bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and quality of tomato, and provide application and theoretical basis for reducing fertilizer application, improving tomato quality and stabilizing existing yield. 【Method】 In this study, the conventional fertilizer application amount was reduced by 30% and 50%, and bio-organic fertilizer was applied according to different reduction ratios. Random block design and random sampling method were used to determine the effects of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer on soil nutrient transformation and nutrient quality, yield and morbidity of tomato fruit. 【Result】 The results showed that the replacement of chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer could increase the content of available N, P and K in soil and decrease the pH value and conductivity of soil. Compared with conventional fertilization treatment, the total acid, VC content and soluble sugar content of tomato fruit were increased by 7.87%, 24.95% and 17.19%, respectively. At the same time, the yield was unchanged from the conventional one, and the difference was not significant. The morbidity of tomato umbilical rot was decreased by 56.83% compared with conventional fertilizer. 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive analysis, in the processing of tomato planting, the application of bio-organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer can not only reduce the application rate of chemical fertilizer, but also help the growth of tomato fruit, improve the quality, and significantly reduce the morbidity of tomato umbilical rot. The finding of this research laid the foundation for the reduction of chemical fertilizer application and application of bio-organic fertilizer in the green sustainable development of tomato planting industry

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Effects of Nitrogen Forms on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pepper Seedlings under Salt Stress LIU Hui-fang, HAN Hong-wei, ZHUANG Hong-mei, WANG Qiang, SONG Yu, WANG Hao 2019, 56(5): 855-863.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (7208KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of salt stress on the growth, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of pepper seedlings under the same amount of different nitrogen form culture conditions. 【Method】 Nutrient solution culture was adopted and 6 treatments were set: nitrate nitrogen (A1), ammonium nitrogen (A2), organic nitrogen (A3), nitrate nitrogen + 100 mmol/L NaCl (A1T), ammonium nitrogen + 100 mmol/L NaCl (A2T), organic nitrogen + 100 mmol/L NaCl (A3T), and the growth index, root-crown ratio, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of 3d pepper seedlings were measured after salt stress. 【Result】 The results showed that Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters (Pn, Gs, Ci, Tr) of pepper seedlings treated with nitrate and ammonium nitrogen were significantly decreased under NaCl stress,and in addition, the significant increase of stomatal limit value (Ls) indicated that stomatal limit was the main reason for the decrease of photosynthetic rate. The significant increase of F0 and qP indicated that the stability of PS II may be damaged. However, the photosynthetic activity of pepper seedlings treated with nitrate nitrogen increased by increasing the proportion of oxidized QA in PSII reaction center, and finally increased the seedling index and root-shoot ratio of pepper seedlings by 47.21% and 22.68% respectively. Although the oxygen complexes (OEC) activity was enhanced treated with ammonium nitrogen, the decrease of its ability to dissipate excess light energy leads to the decrease of self-protection ability, which led to a significant decrease in the actual photochemical efficiency (φ PS II). Finally, the seedling index decreased by 17.58%.Pn and Ls increased significantly and C i decreased significantly in pepper seedlings treated with organic nitrogen, which indicated that pepper seedlings could reduce leaf transpiration and increase leaf water use efficiency, so that leaves could maintain higher carboxylation efficiency, thus increasing the net photosynthetic rate, but its Fm and NPQ increased significantly, F0 and ΦPSⅡ and qP reduced significantly, indicating that although the OEC activity was enhanced in PSⅡ, the proportion of the oxidation QA decreased, coupled with excessive light energy dissipation the blade assimilatory power was reduced. However, the increase of strong seedling index and root-crown ratio combined with the test results before salt stress indicated that single organic nitrogen supply poisoned pepper seedlings.【Conclusion】 To sum up, after salt stress by nitrate nitrogen treatment, the photosynthetic activity and photosynthetic rate of pepper seedlings leaf PSⅡ were still maintained, and the seedling index and root-crown ratio were increased. The results showed that nitrate nitrogen could be used as a source of nitrogen for pepper planting in greenhouse under salt stress

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Effects of Foliar Spraying of 6-BA on the Formation of Bud, Boll and Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) LI Peng-bing, WEN Ming, WANG Le, LI Ming-hua, ZHAO Yun, LIU Yang, MA Fu-yu 2019, 56(5): 864-872.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (11997KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on the bud, boll and yield of cotton, and to select the optimal 6-BA spray concentration to reduce bud and boll shedding and increase cotton yield.【Methods】 Foliar spraying experiment by using different concentrations of 6-BA in Lumianyan 24 was conducted at the Shihezi four-point field. The different concentrations of 6-BA were set as 0 (CK), 20 mg/L (T1), 30 mg/L(T2), 40 mg/L (T3). 【Result】 With the increase of 6-BA spraying concentration, the number of cotton fruit branches and fruit nodules increased. Compared with CK, the fruit weight of T1, T2 and T3 treatment increased by 9.8%, 13.2% and 18.7%, respectively. T2 treatment significantly increased the number of peripheral fruit branches. The outer peripheral branches of T3 were significantly 16.9% higher than those of CK. The higher the concentration, the more the buds increased, and the maximum bud time was delayed. T1, T2 and T3 increased after 16-26 day. The cotton bolls of 26-36 and 36-56 day all increased the probability of boll formation in the surrounding fruit section of the upper fruit branch; T2 increased the number of bolls and boll weight by 12.4% and 13.7%, respectively, and the seed cotton yield increased by 27.82%.【Conclusion】Spraying 6-BA on leaves could increase boll number and boll weight of cotton and increase seed cotton yield during bud and boll stage. When the concentration of 6-BA was 30 mg/L, the seed cotton yield was the highest which reached 5,368.3 kg/hm2. The results are of great significance to guide the high yield cultivation techniques of cotton in Xinjiang

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Effects of Exogenous Silicon on Photosynthetic, Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Antioxidant Enzymes Parameters of Cotton Seedlings under Salt Stress LI Xiao-jia, ZHANG Qian, ZHANG Shu-ying 2019, 56(5): 873-881.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1744KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effect of applying exogenous silicon to improve cotton seedlings salt resistance, 【Method】Cotton Xinluzao 45 was used as the experimental material, and a nutrient solution hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effects of exogenous silicon on photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic parameter and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cotton seedlings under different degrees of salt stress. 【Result】Chla, Chlb, total chlorophyll and carotenoid of cotton seedling were decreased with increase of salt concentration under salt stress and these photosynthetic pigment contents showed a rising trend by exogenous silicon. The Pn, Tr, Gs and Ci of cotton seedlings were gradually decreased with increase of salt concentration under salt stress, and exogenous silicon alleviated the decline of photosynthetic parameters. The qP, qN, NPQ and Y(NO) of cotton seedlings were gradually decreased under salt stress and increased by exogenous silicon, however, there was no significant difference among the treatments. Exogenous silicon improved the inhibitory effect of salt stress on photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis and photosynthetic gas exchange ability of cotton seedling, improved salt resistance. Under salt stress, the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were decreased with the increase of salt concentration, while the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD and CAT were increased by applying silicon.【Conclusion】Exogenous silicon can increase photosynthetic, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activities of cotton seedlings under salt stress, prevent the accumulation of harmful substances under salt stress, and improve the salt tolerance ability of cotton seedlings.

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Screening and Identification of Drought Resistance of Central Asian Barley Varieties at Germination Stage REN Yi, WANG Xian, ZHANG Jin-shan, NIE Shi-hui, WU Gao-ming, GENG Hong-wei, FANG Fu-rong 2019, 56(5): 882-889.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (778KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to clarify the drought resistance characteristics of different genotypes of barley during germination period, the key indicators of drought resistance identification at the germination stage were screened, and the mathematical model of drought resistance research at the germination stage was established in the hope of providing theoretical guidance for the cultivation of drought-resistant barley varieties.【Method】In this study, the germination box culture in the artificial climate chamber was used to carry out the germination drought test on 12 parts of the introduced barley varieties in Central Asia with 20% PEG8000 solution, and the 7 growth indicators: the seed germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), the root number (RN), the root length (RL), seedling height (SH) and coleoptile length (CL ) of the corresponding material under the control and stress were measured.【Result】Taking the relative value of each index as the basis for measuring drought resistance during the germination period, the multivariate statistical analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of different barley varieties during the germination period. Under PEG stress, the indexes of the tested materials showed a downward trend compared with the control, and each index showed significant or extremely significant correlation with each other, indicating that the germination of barley was inhibited to varying degrees. The comprehensive evaluation by subordinate function method showed that there were significant differences among different barley varieties. Ji 33 had the strongest drought resistance, and Jiyin 2013-7-DM-088 had the weakest drought resistance. According to the principal component analysis, the seven individual indicators were converted into two independent factors, which represent 85.94% of the measured indicators. A mathematical model for evaluating drought resistance of barley at germination stage was established by multiple stepwise regression linear analysis, D=0.036+0.392GR+0.382SH+0.233GP (R2=0.992). 【Conclusion】Ji 33 has the strongest drought resistance, germination rate, seedling height and germination potential, which can be used as key indexes for rapid evaluation of drought resistance in barley germination period

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Seed Germination of Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) from Different Areas of Xinjiang in Response to Different Environmental Factors WANG Ying, WANG Lan, MA Yan, MA Xiao-yan 2019, 56(5): 890-898.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (6654KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the influence of environmental factors on the seed germination of the field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in different areas of Xinjiang in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the development of effective weed control techniques. 【Method】Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the influence of environmental factors, including temperature, salinity-alkalinity, drought and pH, on germination of field bindweed seeds collected from Aral and Xinhe.【Result】Seeds did germinate at 5℃ and had a maximum germination at 30-40℃, followed by a decline in germination at 45 and 50℃. Seeds germinated at alternating temperature regimes from 15℃/5℃ to 45℃/35℃, with maximum germination at the alternating temperatures of 40℃/30 ℃. Germination was reduced by saline and alkaline stresses and no germination occurred at ≥ 300 mM NaCl or ≥ 250 mM NaHCO3 concentrations. Moreover, germination decreased as water potential became more negative (-0.1 to -1.0 MPa). Seeds from Xinhe area could not germinate at -0.6 MPa and only 2% germination was observed at -1.0 MPa for seeds collected from Aral. However, pH values from 5 to 10 had no significant effect on germination, and pH was not a main factor limiting the seed germination of field bindweed.【Conclusion】Under the condition of laboratory simulation, temperature, saline-alkali and water potential were the key environmental factors affecting the seed germination of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in different areas of Xinjiang, while drought stress and pH were not the main factors restricting the germination in farmland ecosystem

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Establishment of Identification Methods and Germplasm Resource Evaluation of Cucumis melo ssp.melo Downy Mildew at Seedling Stage ZHANG Xue-jun, GUO LI-xia, ZHANG Jian, YANG Yong, LI Mei-hua, YI Hong-ping 2019, 56(5): 899-909.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1259KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the best method of artificial inoculation identification of melon downy mildew at seedling stage, and carry out inoculation identification of melon resources so as to provide resistance source for disease resistance breeding. 【Method】Three factors and three levels of orthogonal test design were used in different inoculation methods, different seedling ages, and different inoculation concentrations to establish a method for identifying the seedling resistance of melon downy mildew, and evaluate the disease resistance of 208 Xinjiang Hami melon resources and the introduced melon resources in China. 【Result】 The best method for melon seedling inoculation with downy mildew was spray method, the seedling age was 2 leaves, and the optimal concentration of inoculation was 5 ×103 spores /mL. Five resources, seven resources with high resistance and six resources with medium resistance were selected. 【Conclusion】The establishment of the method of inoculation against downy mildew at seedling stage and the selection of resources against downy mildew laid a foundation for disease resistance breeding

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Dynamic Analysis of Four Species of Soil-Borne Disease Pathogens on Cotton Based on PCR Detection XU Tai-bai, Sajidamu Aizezi, WU Qiong, LI Yu-hua, LI Jin , GUO Qing-yuan 2019, 56(5): 910-918.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (5503KB) ( )   【Objective】 Rhizoctonia damping off, Fusarium red rot, Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt are four major soil-borne diseases on cotton in Xinjiang. This project aims to clarify the infection dynamics of the four diseases of cotton in Xinjiang and analyze the initial infection period and the best control period of each disease in the hope of providing a basis for the high efficiency prevention and control of the disease. 【Methods】In this study, specific primer PCR was used to detect the pathogen of four main diseases, and the dynamic analysis and mixed infection analysis of each pathogen were carried out according to the detection results.【Results】The results indicated that the four pathogens could be infested from the cotyledon stage of cotton; the infection of Rhizoctonia solani was detected relatively earlier and faster, followed by Fusarium verticillioides, the infection rate of the two pathogens was high in the early stage of cotton seedling and reached the peak at the three-leaf stage, and the detected rate decreased gradually after that. Although the Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae could also be infected from the cotyledon stage, but the rate of detection in the cotyledon to the one-leaf stage was low, Until the time of the boll stage invasion plant rate was gradually increasing. The mixed infection between the pathogens was widely spread, and the mixed infection of the two species pathogens was the most common.【Conclusions】Cotyledon stage is the infection start period of four species pathogens. R. solani and F. verticillioides is characterized by seedling invasion, while F.oxysporum and V.dahliae is characterized by invasion from cotyledon stage to boll stage; There are often mixed infections among pathogens

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Establishment of a PCR Test Method for Detecting Colletotrichum LI Feng, ZHANG Xiang-lin, WANG Chong, LUO Ming 2019, 56(5): 919-926.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (613KB) ( )   【Objective】 Colletotrichum fungi are important plant pathogens that cause plant anthracnose. This project aims to establish a PCR detection method for the Colletotrichum.【Method】The specific primers of the Colletotrichum were designed by comparing and analyzing the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences of the Colletotrichum and allied genera, and the PCR amplification system was established to verify the specificity and sensitivity of the primers.【Result】A pair of species-specific primer ITS-c3/c4 was designed for Colletotrichum and a conventional PCR detection system was established. The established PCR system could amplify a specific band of 449 bp from the Colletotrichum, but the allied genera could not do so. The concentration of DNA was 2.2 pg/L by sensitivity test. The established PCR system was used to detect the anthracnose pear fruit samples and the fungi of the Colletotrichum could be detected from the pathogenic tissues.【Conclusion】The established PCR method is reliable and sensitive, which can be used to quickly and accurately detect the Colletotrichum.

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Effect of Decomposing Bacteria Agent on Microbial Community and Manurial Efficiency in Manure CHEN Jing, XIE Yu-qing, DAI Jin-ping, Guli Ahmat, ZHANG Hui-tao, WANG Zhi-fang, YANG Xin-ping, QIN Xin-zheng , WANG Xiao-wu , FENG Lei 2019, 56(5): 927-935.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (7834KB) ( )   【Objective】 To research the effect of self-developed decomposing bacteria agent on the bacterial community and manurial efficiency in manure.【Method】High-flux sequencing and RT-PCR were used to investigate the microflora in three kinds of manure. The main physicochemical indexes of manure were analyzed by international standard chemical method, and tomatoes seedling raising test was used to evaluate the fertilizer efficiency.【Result】Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominate at the end of fermentation in three kinds of manure. There were low diversity and few dominant communities of bacteria. The OTUs of Lactobacillu had 44% proportion of total OTUs. The bacterial diversity was abundant in sample undergoing tomatoes seedling raising including Comamonas, Brevundmonas, Dyadobacter, Sphingomonas and Pseudpmonas, but there was no obvious change in untreated sample N5 and N5P. The results of RT-PCR showed that Bacillus methylotrophicus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides had large quantities in NA and JA. The manure could be obviously acidized and keep its pH Value between 4.78－ 5.90. The organic content increased to more than 56% and total nitrogen content was more than 5%. Through tomato seedling raising test average heights of tomato plants were 47.16%, 46.28% and 47.65%, respectively higher than those of the control group.【Conclusion】The decomposing bacteria agent can increase dominant microbiota in manure and accelerate the acidification of fertilizer dramatically. The fertilizer has a positive function on the growth of tomato plants in the seedling stage

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Expression Analysis of Hoxc13 Gene in Different Tissues of Subo Merino Sheep during Growth and Development DU Jian-wen, HE Jun-min, CHEN Chun-yan, TIAN Yue-zhen, XU Xin-ming, FU Xue-feng, Hanikezi Tulafu , ZHAO Bing-ru, ZHU Hua, HUANG Xi-xia , TIAN Ke-chuan 2019, 56(5): 936-944.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (8064KB) ( )   【Objective】 The main purpose of this study is to lay a theoretical foundation for further development of molecular marker-assisted breeding of important economic traits of fine wool sheep by analyzing the expression difference of Hoxc13 gene mRNA in different tissues of Subo Merino sheep. 【Methods】In this study, RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Hoxc13 gene in skin, muscle and different visceral tissues (heart, spleen, liver, lung, kidney) in Subo Merino for 65 days and 135 days, and the relative quantitative method was used to conduct the statistical analysis.【Results】The results showed that the Hoxc13 gene was expressed in skin and different tissues of Subo Merino sheep, and the expression level in the skin was significantly higher than that of other tissues(P<0.05).【Conclusion】This experiment establishes a RT-PCR method of the expression of Hoxc13 for detection of the gestational ages of 65 and 135 days of Subo Merino sheep in its different tissues in order to investigate the intrinsic link between the different tissues and the expression of Hoxc13 of Subo Merino sheep at the molecular level

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Study on the Growth and Development Regularity of Jinghong Laying Hens WANG Ke-wen, YANG Peng, ZHAO Jie 2019, 56(5): 945-954.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1004KB) ( )   【Objective】 The growth and development regularity of Jinghong hens was analyzed by scientific mathematical model, and the optimal growth curve of Jinghong hens was compared.【Method】Through the selection of three commonly used models of Logistic, Gompertz and Bertalanffy, the growth and development curve fitting and analysis were carried out for the weight and length of 540 Jinghong hens in the brooding and breeding stages.【Result】The comparison of the three models showed that the model suitable for the weight growth curve of the Jinghong system was the Gompertz model with a fit of 0.999. According to the experimental data, the weight curve equation of the Jinghong hens simulated by the model was Y=1731×e-4.067exp(-0.187t), and the inflection point age and the inflection point weight were 7.502 weeks old and 637.123 g. And the model more suitable for the growth curve of Jinghong hens was the Logistic model, and its fitting degree was 0.997. According to the experimental data, the equation of the length curve of Jinghong hens fitted with the model was Y=101.029/(1+2.098×e-0.271t), and the inflection point age and inflection point length were 3.953 weeks old and 5.051 cm.【Conclusion】 The Gompertz model has the best fitting effect on the body weight of 0-17 weeks old Jinghong laying hens while the Logistic model has the best fitting effect on the length of 0-17 weeks old Jinghong laying hens

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Comparative Analysis of Amino Acid Sequence of Gastrin and Cholecystokinin and Their Receptors Based on Informatics YANG Yang, HOU Yu, ZHAO Shu-lin, LI Lu-lu,SUN Xiao-yan, Aili Adilai, ZHAO Hong-qiong 2019, 56(5): 955-963.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1946KB) ( )   【Objective】 Gastrin (GAS) and cholecystokinin (CCK) are found to have more similarities in their physiological functions, but these two hormones have different affinities to their receptors (CCK-A and CCK-B). The present study aims to compare the amino acid sequences of sheep GAS and CCK and their receptors with those of other animals by bioinformatics.【Method】The UniProt database was used to search the amino acid sequences of various animal GAS, CCK and their receptors and these sequences were compared by Phylogenetic Tree Analysis. 【Result】The comparative results showed that seven amino acids at C-terminal of GAS were identical in all animals except for chicken and fish. Ten amino acids at C-terminal of CCK were identical in all animals except for guinea pigs. Amino acid sequence of GAS-34 and CCK-33 were identical in sheep and cattle. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CCK-A and CCK-B were on the same branch in sheep, cattle, rats, mice, dogs and cats. Full length amino acid sequences of GAS, CCK and their receptors (including signal peptide and propeptide) revealed that sequences of avian and fish are largely different from mammals. Whereas, amino acid sequence similarity between sheep CCK-A and CCK-B was only 45.094%.【Conclusion】The above analysis demonstrated that the C-terminal amino acid sequences of GAS and CCK were highly conserved among different animals, whereas the N-terminus was a variable region. These bioinformatics analyses can be used as reference for the studies of antigen design for these two polypeptides and their receptor protein, and the selection of active polypeptide in different animals

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Effect of Feeding Urtica Hay on Ovine Gastrointestinal Motility XU Xing-hao, HOU Yu, ZHAO Shu-lin, YANG Yang, YU Wan-li, Adilai Ali,SUN Xiao-yan, ZHAO Hong-qiong 2019, 56(5): 964-971.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (717KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effect of Urtica as roughage on gastrointestinal motility in ruminants. 【Method】 In order to investigate the effect of Urtica as a roughage on the gastrointestinal motility of ruminants, 25%, 50% and 100% Urtica hay were used to replace alfalfa hay to feed Xinjiang fine-wool sheep. The gastrointestinal motility was monitored on day 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28.【Result】The results showed that the ruminating time was significantly later in 100% Urtica group on the 7th day than that in control group (P < 0.05). On the 21st day, chewing time of one chew in 50% Urtica group and 100% Urtica group were significantly less than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the duration of one ruminant process was not different among the groups (P > 0.05); The number of sheep with no rumination within 4 h after feeding increased with the increase of days and the proportion of Urtica feeding; the frequency of rumen peristalsis was significantly lower in 100% Urtica group on the 28th day than that in control group (P < 0.05); the relativity was strong between the delay of defecation and the days of Urtica feeding in 50% Urtica group (R2 = 0.754,6) and 100% Urtica group (R2 = 0.753,1). 【Conclusion】This study showed that a certain proportion of Urtica hay that was fed to sheep had the effect of weakening gastrointestinal motility. It is suggested that Urtica or its extracts may be used to alleviate gastrointestinal diseases such as gastrointestinal spasm in ruminants

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The Impact of Scientific Research Literacy on the Pure Technical Efficiency of Scientific Research Innovation Output Based on the Instrumental Variable REN Hong-song, ZHANG Qiong, WANG Fang, ZHAO Long, LI Zhao-hui, CHEN Bao-feng, GOU Wen-chao 2019, 56(5): 972-980.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.05.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (53718KB) ( )   【Objective】 By using 178 scientific researchers of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences as a sample, this project aims to study the influence of scientific research literacy on the pure technical efficiency of scientific research innovation input and output in the hope of find out the way to improve the scientific research output under the condition of limited scientific research resources. 【Method】In the process of research, the mechanism and path of the influence of scientific research literacy on the pure technical efficiency of innovation input and output were studied and verified by using instrumental variables, combined with two-stage least square method and DEA-tobit model. 【Results】First of all, scientific research literacy,, including scientific research accomplishment, personal ability and scientific research foundation, has a significant impact on the pure technical efficiency of scientific research innovation input and output. Secondly, when controlling variables such as age, scientific research platform and first degree were added, the influence of scientific research accomplishment changed irrationally. Thirdly, when the two-stage least squares method was used to deal with scientific accomplishment, personal ability and scientific research foundation directly affected the pure technical efficiency of scientific research, while scientific research accomplishment was needed to improve efficiency through scientific research platform, age and first education background. 【Conclusion】The above results showed that to improve the efficiency of scientific research output, raise scientific research literacy, and how to utilize the scientific research quality of existing research personnel become equally important issues