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20 October 2019, Volume 56 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of Shading on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Winter Wheat in Southern Xinjiang ZHANG Hong-zhi, Aizizi Julaiti, CUI Yue, ZHAO QI, KONG De-peng, HU Ai-zhi,WANG Li-hong, WANG Zhong, ZHANG Yue-qiang, FAN Zhe-ru, LI Jian-feng 2019, 56(10): 1765-1771.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1041KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different shading treatments on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat in the hope of providing theoretical basis for high yield cultivation and management of wheat under fruit tree and wheat intercropping model in southern Xinjiang by using artificial shade simulation of three kinds of fruit trees (walnut, apricot and jujube) under the condition of the middle and later periods of the wheat growth in different degree of shade. 【Method】 The winter wheat variety tested was Xindong 20, and four treatments were set in the shading treatment: S1: shading at the pulling-heading stage was 10%- 25%, S2: shading at the pulling-heading stage was 20%-50%, S3: shading at the pulling-heading stage was 30%- 75% and S0: not shading at the pulling stage. Shading was from the jointing stage to maturity stage and the effects of shading on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of wheat were studied. 【Result】 The photosynthetic rate of wheat flag leaf decreased significantly with the increase of shade during blooming period. There was no significant difference between mild shade Pn in grouting period and control period, but it was significantly higher than those of S2 and S3 treatment. Both Tr and Gs decreased with the increase of shading amplitude, and Ci increased with the increase of shading amplitude. With the increase of shading amplitude, the amount of total dry matter accumulation and the distribution to seeds all showed a decreasing trend, the distribution of dry matter to grain decreased by 9.5%, 24.2% and 27.7% respectively. The number of ears harvested, 1,000-grain weight, yield and economic coefficient all decreased significantly with the increase of shading amplitude, while the effect of light shading on panicle number was not obvious. The yield and economic coefficient decreased by 22%, 42.9%, 67.8% and 8.9%, 23.8% and 27.6%, respectively with the increase of shading amplitude. 【Conclusion】 With the increase of shading amplitude, Pn, Tr and Gs of wheat were decreased, intracellular CO2 concentration increased, total dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio to grain decreased, panicle number and 1,000-grain weight decreased, moderate and severe shading yield decreased significantly, resulting in a significant decrease in yield and economic coefficient.

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Study on Water Content Estimation Model of Winter Wheat Based on Hyperspectral Characteristic Wavelength LI Tian-sheng, CUI Jing, WANG Hai-jiang, YANG Jin 2019, 56(10): 1772-1782.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1494KB) ( )   【Objective】 To establish a rapid and non-destructive canopy moisture content estimation model of winter wheat based on hyperspectral technology and physicochemical data in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the rapid monitoring of winter wheat. 【Method】 The water content of leaves and plants of two kinds of winter wheat samples were measured, the spectral data were collected for SG smoothing, first-order derivative and second-order derivative processing, and the correlation between the three was analyzed. And finally, multiple estimation models of the water content of leaves and plants of winter wheat were constructed and the accuracy was evaluated. 【Results】 The first-order derivative transformation in different spectral data processing could significantly increase the correlation with the water content of wheat. The water content of leaves reached the maximum negative correlation at the wavelength of 456 nm, and the correlation coefficient was 0.87. The water content of plants reached the maximum negative correlation at the wavelength of 457 nm, and the correlation coefficient was 0.890,9. The fitting accuracy of the water content estimation model constructed by partial least square regression was better than that of the linear and multiple linear regression models. The linear model using the model constructed by R650, SG1944, R′456 and R″681 was better to estimate the water content of leaves, and the accuracy to estimated plant water content of R664, SG663, R′457 and R″681 was higher. Multiple linear regressions and partial least squares regression were both models constructed by using the first derivative transformation, and both of them had the highest fitting accuracy. The external test R2 of the leaf and plant water content estimation models reached 0.803,2, 0.867,0, 0.854,0 and 0.885,6, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The first-order derivative transformation of the original spectrum of wheat can significantly improve the correlation with the moisture content. The estimation model of wheat water content constructed by PLSR method has the highest fitting accuracy, which provides a reference for the non-destructive detection of wheat moisture content by using hyperspectral technology.

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Analysis of Visual Symptoms and Mechanism of Machine-Picked Cotton under Different Configuration Modes ZHANG Guo-lei, CHEN Bing,LIU Jing-de, WANG Jing,YU Yu,HAN Huan-yong, WANG Fang-yong, LI Tian-nan 2019, 56(10): 1783-1793.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1908KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the visual symptoms and the influencing factors of machine-picked cotton and make clear the defoliation and ripening rule of the effects of different defoliants in the hope of providing the scientific basis for the promotion and application of the defoliant in the early-maturing cotton area in Xinjiang. 【Method】 By setting up different defoliant treatments, cotton plants with uniform growth in the inner and outer rows were selected in each treatment, and leaves and bolls were sampled for analysis. 【Result】 The order of leaf detachment was that the small leaf or new leaf first dropped and then the old leaf or main stem leaf dropped on the upper layer, Interval of 3 to 5 days;it was opposite trend on the middle and lower layers,Interval of 3 to 5 days. A far as through grant,the stem leaf or para leaf of bell first dropped, then others,Interval of 3 to 5 days The order of the opening bell was that from top to bottom, frist the inner row then the outer row after 1-2 days of machine-made cotton. When leaf dropping, the color of leaf changed from green to red after 4-5 days, then yellow after 4-5 days, the spots was first appeared after 4-5 days, then drying of the whole leaves after 4-5 days. The separation layer was splited from the lower part after 4-5 days and broken after 4-5 days again. The order of leaf dropping and boll opening were effected on internal and external factors which from cotton variety(The growth period is 121-125 days), allocation(66 cm+10 cm or 76 cm+76 cm), time of spray(Sep.5-15), concentration(225-525 mL/hm2)and type of defoliant, temperature(average daily temperature >18℃, minimum temperature >12℃), rain, wind(>3), grass, diseases and insect pests, support point(>1) etc.【Conclusion】 Defoliation and flocculation acceleration symptoms began to appear 3-5 days after spraying, and defoliation was basically stable after 20 days,the rate of defoliation was over 83%-99%, and the rate of flocculation increased to over 81%.It was better referenced for defoliant technology.

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The Study on the Relationship among the Fruit Branch, Fruit Node and the Population Structure of Boll of Earlier and MiddleMaturity Cotton Varieties in Xinjiang WANG Jun-duo, LIANG Ya-jun,GONG Zhao-long,AI Xian-tao, GUO Jiang-ping,MO ming, LI Xue-yuan, ZHENG Ju-yun 2019, 56(10): 1794-1799.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (745KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to reveal the fruit branch number and distribution, the number of fruit nodes and the relationship between fruit branches and bolls of 182 early and medium maturing cotton varieties (lines) in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing theoretical basis for high yield breeding. 【Method】 The fruit branch, fruit node and boll number per plant of 182 early and medium maturing cotton varieties were studied through comparative analysis under the cotton growth climate condition in Southern Xinjiang . 【Result】 The results showed the range of the fruit branch number, fruit node number and boll number per plant of 182 early and medium maturing cotton varieties were 4.6-10, 7.6-21, 5.4-12.2, respectively, and the ratio of interior boll number and exterior boll number was 3∶1; .The fruit node number and boll number per plant increased with the increase of fruit branch number, fruit node number and boll number per plant were different in different varieties. The number of fruit branches was significantly positively correlated with the number of nodes, boll number, inner boll number and upper part boll number, and the number of fruit nodes was significantly positively correlated with the boll nmber, interior boll number, exterior boll number, lower part boll number and middle part boll number. 【Conclusion】 Under the climatic conditions of southern Xinjiang, cotton varieties with the number of fruit branches 8-10 and fruit nodes 18-20 should be selected, which is more beneficial to make full use of the limited heat and accumulated temperature conditions in southern Xinjiang to form a higher yield.

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Studies on Tissue Specific Regulation of OsHOX6 Promoter in Rice HE Dan, Yushanjiang Maimaiti, YANG Du, HAN Shen, Slamet-Loedin I.H. 2019, 56(10): 1800-1805.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (896KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the expression of OsHOX6 gene promoter, a member of homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip I) transcription factor family in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 【Method】 The plant expression vector with fusion gene, OsHOX6 promoter and GUS gene was established, and IR64 was transformed by the agro bacterium-mediated transformation method, then roots, stems, leaves and pollen and other organs in transformed plants during in the different growing stage were dyed with X-Gluc. 【Result】 The transgenic plants with hygromysine resistance and positive detection by PCR were obtained. It showed that some blue spots in the lateral roots, pollen and wound tissue in the plants with fusion gene (OsHOX6 promoter and GUS gene) were detected by using X-Gluc dye, while other organs did not display blue spots, It was found that the green spots were concentrated in the root cortex, indicating that the rice OsHOX6 gene promoter could drive the GUS gene and express it specifically on the transgenic rice lateral roots and pollen. 【Conclusion】 The promoter is specifically expressed in rice lateral roots and pollen, which will be further studied in the study of genes related to lateral roots and endocortical formation in rice.

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Effects of Shade Degree of Fruit Trees on Grain Yield and Major Nutrient Factors of Wheat under Intercropping Mode XIE Hui, ZHANG Wen, ZHANG Hong-zhi, WANG Min, HAN Shou-an, ZHONG Hai-xia, TANG Ru-kai 2019, 56(10): 1806-1814.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (867KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this project, the effects of shading degree of fruit trees on grain yield and nutritional quality of intercropping winter wheat under fruit-grain intercropping mode were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for the selection and optimization of fruit-grain intercropping mode in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 Almond and winter wheat (Xindong 20) intercropping system was used as research materials, two treatments were set up: light shading (the average daily light intensity was 75% of the natural light intensity) and severe shading (the average daily light intensity was 30% of the natural light intensity), and field conditions were used as control. The components of winter wheat grain yield, starch content and components, protein content and components and amino acid components under different treatment conditions were determined. 【Result】 The results showed that the effective spike and grain yield per unit area of intercropping winter wheat were significantly increased under light shading condition. The total starch content and amylose/amylopectin were increased. The content of gluten/alcohol soluble protein and amino acid decreased. The grain yield per unit area and yield components were significantly decreased under severe shading condition and the relative content of starch and amylose/amylopectin were not significantly different from those of the control group. The content of alcohol soluble protein was significantly increased, and the amino acid score was improved. In the fruit-grain intercropping mode, the light shading conditions created by the shade movement of fruit trees were beneficial to the formation of winter wheat grain yield and the improvement of grain starch quality. 【Conclusion】 Under the intercropping mode of fruit and grain, the light shading condition created by shade movement of fruit trees was beneficial to the formation of grain yield and the improvement of grain starch quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Under the condition of severe shading, grain yield decreased significantly, but the relative content of grain protein increased, and the quality of protein and amino acid improved.

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Comparison of Photosynthetic Specificity of Different Tomato Varieties in Xinjiang and Screening of High Light Efficiency Varieties LI Yu-shan,SONG Yu,MA Yan,WU Xiao 2019, 56(10): 1815-1827.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1658KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare the photosynthetic specificity of different tomato varieties in Xinjiang, and to screen out high photosynthetic efficiency tomato varieties which are suitable for local cultivation in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Ninety-two different tomato varieties grown under the same conditions were used as experimental materials. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of functional leaves were measured by LI-6400XT portable photosynthetic meter and SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter during tomato fruiting period. The correlation and principal component of photosynthetic characteristics of tomato leaves went through cluster analysis by SPSS 20.0 software. 【Results】 Descriptive statistical analysis of 92 tomato varieties showed that there were abundant genetic variation types of photosynthetic characteristic parameters among different tomato varieties. Two principal components with cumulative contribution rate of 76.14 were selected by principal component analysis. The main factors were photosynthetic factors, stomatal factors, CO2 concentration and water factors. Cluster analysis showed that 92 tomato germplasm resources were divided into 8 groups, Gs, Ci and TR of group I and III were the highest, and stomatal factors, water factors and CO2 concentration of the two groups were the best. More than one third of the 30 germplasm resources of group I came from Xinjiang, and the remaining germplasm resources in this group were closely related to local varieties, and 4 tomato germplasm resources of group III were the best. The main sources were from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 【Conclusion】 The stomatal factors of germplasm resources, water factors and CO2 concentration of 34 Tomato Germplasm Resources in group I and III were the best, and more than one third of them were local varieties in Xinjiang. All the varieties with similar genetic relationship with the rest of the group could be used as high-light-efficient tomato varieties suitable for local cultivation.

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Construction of High Density Genetic Map and QTL Mapping for Downy Mildew Traits in Cucumis melo ssp.melo ZHANG Xue-jun,YANG Wen-li,Zhang Yong-bing,Zhang Jian,Guo Li-xia,YANG Yong,LI Mei-hua,YI Hong-ping 2019, 56(10): 1828-1838.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1327KB) ( )   【Objective】 To construct high-density genetic linkage map of muskmelon and improve the positio- ing accuracy for the study of genetic mapping of muskmelon.【Method】 In this study, were constructed F2 isolated populations crossed by the melon materials K7-4 (highly resistant to downy mildew) and K7-2 (highly susceptible to downy mildew). The library building and high-throughput sequencing of F2 population were conducted by genotype by sequencing method (GBS).We used SAM TOOLS software, and obtained the high throughput SNP markers of the populations.Using sliding Windows method , the genotyping of the F2 p opulation was carried out,Joinmap 4.0 maximum likelihood (ML) method was used for the mapping, R/ QTL genetic distance was calculated (kosambi mapping function), linkage map was drawn with perl SVG module, and R/ QTL software package and composite interval mapping model were used for QTL mapping.【Result】 The total length of the high-density genetic map was4,823.55 cM, and the average genetic distance between bin markers was 1.43 cM. Totally, 26 QTLS were identified for downy mildew traits in seedling, middle and late stages.【Conclusion】 The high-density genetic map of melon was obtained based on GBS-seq technology, and the resistance downy mildew gene was finally linked to the CM3.5.1_scaffold00005 of 6,831,227 -7,830,935 bp, within the range of about 1Mb.

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Comprehensive Assessment for agronomic character of Crisp Melon(Cucumismelo.var. conmon Group)Cultivar Based on Grey Correlation Analysis ZHANG Xue-bin, CAO Ming,YANG Xiao-feng, WANG Huai-song, TAO Kai,CHEN Lian-zhu 2019, 56(10): 1839-1845.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (672KB) ( )   【Objective】 To assess the agronomic characters of new crisp melon cultivars comprehensively in the hope of providing new crisp melon cultivars suitable for planting in Sanya. 【Method】 The field experiment was conducted to compare agronomic characters of 9 new crisp melon cultivars in Sanya, Hainan. The main agronomic traits, including fruit setting rate, commodity rate, yield, soluble solid content in the center, flesh thickness and cavity size index, were assessed comprehensively based on grey correlation analysis. 【Result】 All the tested new crisp melon cultivars were ranked according to equal-weighted correlation degree between comprehensive characters, which were: N6 > Lvniu >N3>N7 >N4>N9>N2>N1>N5, and according to weighted correlation degree between comprehensive characters, they were as follows: Lvniu > N6 > N3> N7 >N4>N9 > N2> N1 > N5. Furthermore, Lvniu and N6 ranked in the top 2 of all the cultivars, with good comprehensive characters, while N1 and N5 ranked in the last 2 of all cultivars, with poor comprehensive characters. The order of weighted correlation degree was more in line with the field observation results. 【Conclusion】 Lvniu and N6 are screened out based on grey correlation analysis, which have excellent comprehensive characters, and are suitable for planting in Sanya.

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Study on Fruit Quality and Aroma Components of Main Apple Varieties in Cold Region LIU Chang, WANG Kun, AN Meng-meng, MEI Chuang, CAO Yang, YU Wen-quan, BU Hai-dong, CHENG Xian-min, GU Guang-jun, MENG Xiang-hai, DONG Xue-mei, CHENG Cun-gang 2019, 56(10): 1846-1859.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1112KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the main sugar, organic acid and other fruit characters of four main cold resistant apple varieties and study the main aroma components in the hope of providing the basis for the improvement of apple varieties in cold region. 【Method】 Heilongjiang 4 main planting cold-resistant varieties were selected as test materials to analyze the total phenols, antioxidant capacity, flavonoids, pericarp anthocyanins, soluble solids and VC contents of the fruits. Sugar and acid were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the main composition and content of aroma were detected and analyzed by HS-SPME method. 【Result】 Among the fruits of 4 apple varieties, the order of soluble solids content from high to low was the Longguan > Longfeng > Qiyuexian > Jinhong. On the whole, the total sugar contents from high to low were: Jinhong >Longfeng > Qiyuexian > Longguan. From the point of view of total acid content, they were: Jinhong > Qiyuexian >Longfeng > Longguan. A total of 9 types of volatile compounds were detected, of which 7 types played the main roles, and the sequence of components from large to small was: ester > olefin >heterocyclic >acids > alcohol > aldehyde > alkane. Fruit aroma substances mainly concentrated in alcohols, olefins and esters. Among them, the ester content was the highest (56.24%), and the main expression was "fruit aroma" taste. There were significant differences in sugar - acid ratio and taste evaluation among different varieties. The maximum amount of Longguan was 22.96, and the lowest in July Fresh was 9.92, showing a taste of acid. 【Conclusion】 The sugar and acid composition and content of the fruits of the four apple varieties were significantly different, all of which were "ester aroma type " apples, indicating that esters may play a decisive role in the formation of the fruit flavor of these fruits.

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Evaluation and Cluster Analysis of Jujube Fruit Texture Based on TPA Method YANG Zhi,WANG Zhen-lei 2019, 56(10): 1860-1868.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1146KB) ( )   【Objective】 To describe the quality of jujube fruits more accurately and objectively, and to provide theoretical basis and technical means for establishing a standardized and unified evaluation method of the quality of fresh jujube fruits. 【Method】 Fifty-six jujube cultivars were used as experimental materials, and the texture of postharvest fruit was analyzed by texture analyzer. 【Result】 Fruit firmness was positively correlated with fruit elasticity and chewiness, chewiness was positively correlated with fruit elasticity and negatively correlated with fruit cohesion. There was no significant difference in fruit adhesion, hardness and cohesion among the varieties. Through principal component analysis, 10 indicators (texture parameters and fruit taste indicators) were combined to form palatability, cohesion, taste adhesion, pulp compactness, pulp thickness and use. Six principal components contributed 90.30% of the total. Among the 56 varieties tested, Zan 2 had the highest fruit hardness, Dongling seedless jujube had the highest cohesion, and Jingzao 39 had the lowest cohesion. Haba, Zan 2, Jingzao 39 and Jinzan Dazao had good elasticity and chewiness. Fifty-six varieties were divided into three groups by cluster analysis: intermediate group, soft group with low elasticity and hard group with high elasticity. 【Conclusion】 The taste of jujube varieties varies greatly. The mechanical parameters measured by texture analyzer can be used to evaluate the texture of jujube. The quality of soft group with low elasticity is better than that of other two groups by cluster analysis and taste evaluation.

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Experimental Research of the Hot Drying Process of Brassica rapa L. XU Geng, WANG Qing-hui, MA Yue-hong,GUO Hui, YANG Zhong-qiang, XIE Zhi-xuan 2019, 56(10): 1869-1878.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1068KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different drying processes on the drying duration, color, sensory evaluation and energy consumption of Brassica rapa L. in the hope of providing theoretical and experimental basis for the traditional drying process. 【Method】 In this study, three factors and three levels of orthogonal experiments were designed according to three important factors: the temperature of drying, the thickness of slicing and different methods of pretreatment. 【Result】 The results showed that increasing the temperature of drying,decreasing slice thickness, decreasing the thickness of slicing and pretreatment of hot scalding could significantly shorten the drying time required by Brassica rapa L.. Reducing temperature, pretreatment of sodium chloride treatment could better protect the original color. The sensory score after pretreatment with sodium chloride solution by reducing temperature and slice thickness was higher. The higher temperature, the higher energy consumption per unit time. 【Conclusion】 Through comprehensive analysis, the optimum drying process of Brassica rapa L. in hot air drying was obtained: the temperature was 55℃, the thickness was 3 millimeter, and sodium chloride was used as the pre-treatment method.

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The C, N, P Stoichiometric Characteristics in Soil Layers and Its Correlation with Those in Leaves in Different-aged Populus euphratica Forests along Tarim River SHI Jun-hui, LIU Mao-xiu, WANG Xin-ying, MA Xue-xi 2019, 56(10): 1879-1887.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1220KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the C,N,P stoichiometric characteristics in different soil layers of different aged Populus euphratica forests and its relationship between soil and leaf for managing the forests scientifically. 【Method】 Five different aged Populus euphratica forests (young, middle aged, near-mature, mature and over-mature) in Lunnan Town, Luntai County, Xinjiang were selected as research subjects, the C, N, P contents in leaves and soils( 0-10,10-20,20-40,40-60,60-100 cm) of the forests were measured, and their stoichiometric characteristics were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that: (1). There was no significant difference in the vertical distribution of the soil C content, which was significantly different from those of other forest communities. Soil N content decreased with the increase of soil depth and had the characteristics of surface aggregation. Soil P content was evenly distributed in vertical soil layers, and was not significantly different in 0-100 cm soil profile. (2)The forest age-class had a significant influence on soil chemical metrology (P< 0.05). The effect of soil depth on soil C and P content was not significant, but on soil N content and the stoichiometric ratio were significant. The synergistic effects of the forest age with soil depth on soil C and P content were not significant, but the effects on soil N content and stoichiometric ratio were significant. (3) There was a significant positive correlation between leaf N content and soil P content, a significant positive correlation between leaf P content and soil N content, and a significant negative correlation between leaf N and soil C content, N content, C and P content. But the N∶P ratio in leaf showed significant negative relation with soil C, soil N, C∶P ratio and N∶P ratio in soil. 【Conclusion】 The difference of C content in soil vertical layers was not significant, which was distinctive from those in other forest communities. The N content gathered in the soil had the characteristics of surface aggregation and was severaly affected by the growth process. The P content was distributed evenly in soil layers and was affected by the forest age too. The C∶N, C∶P and N∶P ratios of soil in near-mature forest and mature forest were significantly different in different soil layers.

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Effect of Combined Application of Fulvic Acid and Urea on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Drip Irrigation Maize LU Da-wei, LI Qing-jun, CHEN Shu-huang,GENG Qing-long, LAI Ning, LIU Guo-hong 2019, 56(10): 1888-1894.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (774KB) ( )   【Objective】 To find out the effects of different dosage of yellow humic acid on the yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of corn drip irrigation under membrane in Baicheng County, Xinjiang so as to screen out the amount suitable. 【Method】 This experiment was conducted with Xinyu No. 31 variety as the research object. On the basis of applying the same NPK (N 240 kg/hm2, P2O5 150 kg/hm2, K2O 90 kg/hm2), the nitrogen fertilizer treatment was used as a control to analyze the effects of different amounts of fulvic acid on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency.【Result】 Compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer, reasonable application of fulvic acid (180-270 kg/hm2) could significantly increase the yield of maize, the yield increase was from 10.2% to 12.6%, and the nitrogen use efficiency of maize was increased by 8.0%-10.5%. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil did not increase significantly after harvest. Large application of fulvic acid (450 kg/hm2) significantly increased maize biomass, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content in the soil after harvest, but yield did not increase significantly, on the contrary, it dropped by 3.5%. 【Conclusion】 Through comprehensive analysis of the maize yield, nitrogen use efficiency and fulvic acid dosage, it is concluded that the suitable amount of fulvic acid under the test conditions is 180-270 kg/hm2.

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Response of Sparse Vegetation Patch Pattern to Precipitation Based on Landsat Image LI Na, WANG Xin-jun, CHANG Meng-di, YAN Li-nan, XU Xiao-long 2019, 56(10): 1895-1903.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1468KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the impact of precipitation in the Gurbantunggut desert on sparse vegetation patch pattern.【Method】 Based on the change of the annual precipitation, the TM image in 1990, the ETM + in 2001, the TM image in 2010 and the OLI remote sensing image in 2015 were selected as the data sources, and the vegetation coverage, the area of the patch and the number of the patches of the southern margin of the Gurbanton Desert were calculated by combining the yearly precipitation data of the Caijiahu meteorological station from 1990 to 2015. The effects of annual precipitation on the coverage of vegetation, area, quantity and density of vegetation were discussed.【Result】 From 1990 to 2015, the vegetation coverage showed a decreasing trend. The area of secondary vegetation increased significantly (1,089.557 km2), with an increase of 20.154%. The vegetation area of Grade I, III and IV decreased slightly, with a decrease of -98.752%. -61.581%, and -96.889%. With the increase of precipitation, the number and density of patches increased, the degree of fragmentation became smaller, and the area of vegetation coverage increased.【Conclusion】 From 1990 to 2015, the sparse vegetation coverage in the southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert showed a trend of degradation-improvement-degradation depending on the each year's precipitation. The yearly precipitation changes were positively correlated with sparse vegetation coverage, patch area, number, and density.

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Identification of Pathogenic Fungi Causing the Root Rot Disease of Dabancheng Faba Bean and Analysis of Antagonistic Effect by the Biocontrol Bacteria CHU Min, GU Mei-Ying, TANG Qi-yong, ZHU Jing, HAO Xiu-ying, ZHANG Zhi-dong 2019, 56(10): 1904-1911.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.010.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1264KB) ( )   【Objective】 To identify pathogens causing root rot disease in Dabancheng faba bean and analyze antagonistic effects by the biocontrol bacteria.【Method】 Diseased plants of Dabancheng faba bean were collected, and pathogenic fungi were isolated and identified by the molecular method. And also, the inhibitory effects of biocontrol bacteria on pathogenic fungi were tested.【Result】 The results showed the root rot disease of Dabancheng faba bean was caused by Fusarium chlamydosporum var. fuscum. Pathogenicity analysis displayed that it had strong infectivity to Dabancheng faba bean and pathogenicity could reach 100%. Both of biocontrol bacteria B6 and B1 had good inhibitory effect on the pathogen fungus, and the rate of inhibition zone to colony could reach 1.90.【Conclusion】 Fusarium chlamydosporum var. fuscum causing the root rot disease of Dabanchen faba bean was reported firstly, which, meanwhile, provided the scientific basis and theory for efficient biological control of faba bean root rot.

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Screening and Identification of a Phenol Degrading Bacteria and the Relevant Degradation Characteristics CHEN Yu–zhu, TANG Qi–yong, GU Mei–ying, ZHU Jing, LIU Xiao–jing, CUI Wei–dong, ZHANG Zhi–dong 2019, 56(10): 1912-1920.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1410KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out phenol compounds degrading microorganisms and determine the relevant characteristics. 【Methods】 Rhizosphere microorganisms of the Kalidium foliatum were isolated and screened by the phenol screening agar medium. The biological status of bacteria was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing, and stress resistances and functional characteristics were analyzed. And then degradation abilities of phenol and zearalenone were tested. 【Results】 A strain named YZZ-9 was obtained and identified as Kocuria palustris. The strain grew well in the R2A media with 10% NaCl and 3.5 g/L phenol, and could utilize a variety of benzene compounds as single carbon source. Related degradation experiments showed that phenol was completely degraded within 120 h when the concentration of phenol was less than 1.0 g/L in the medium. However, the degradation was almost inhibited when the concentration was above 1.5 g/L. In addition, the strain could significantly degrade zearalenone. When the strain was cultured for 144 h, the degradation rate of zearalenone in the medium was up to 68.9%. 【Conclusion】 The strain YZZ-9 has good ability of the phenol and zearalenone degradation, which provides scientific materials and research basis for further revealing the related degradation mechanism and exploiting the strain.

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Effects of Tomato and Cucumber Stalk Compost Returning to Fields on Growth and Root Zone Environment of Ginger CHENG Xue-chao, LI Yan-su, YAN Yan, YU Xian-chang, HE Chao-xing, LIN Chen-yi 2019, 56(10): 1921-1928.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (886KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of tomato and cucumber stalk compost returning to fields on the growth, yield and root environment of ginger in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the utilization of vegetable stems. 【Methods】 The ginger variety Shannong 1 was used as the test material to carry out the experiment of composting the tomato and cucumber stalks. The experiment was composed of 5 treatments, which were control: 0 t/hm2, treatment 1:20 t/hm2, treatment 2: 40 t/hm2, treatment 3: 60 t/hm2, and treatment 4: 80 t/hm2. 【Results】 The best effect was 80 t/hm2. The soil bulk density was 0.91 g/cm3, which was 17.27% lower than the control and the porosity was 60.54%. The increase of soil organic matter, alkali nitrogen, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen were 35.93 mg/kg, 186.67 mg/kg, 0.256% and 168.33 mg, respectively. 14.85 mg/kg, 13,809.01 mg/kg, 102.63 mg/kg, 175.47 mg/kg, which were significantly increased by 10.11%, 39.13%, 55.15%, 32.54%, 25.12%, 46.88%, 48.96%, and 50.14%, respectively. treatment of 80 t/hm2 had the most obvious promoting effect on soil glycosidase, aminopeptidase, phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity. 【Conclusion】 The composting of tomato and cucumber stalks can improve the root zone environment of ginger. The improvement of root zone environment promotes the growth of ginger plants and increases the yield, and 80 t/hm2 is the most suitable composting amount.

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Dynamics of Microorganism, Fermentation and Nutritional Quality in Alfalfa Silage with Inferior Jujube Powder ZHANG Ling, XI Lin-qiao, ZHANG Fan-fan, WANG Xu-zhe, MA Chun-hui 2019, 56(10): 1929-1938.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1059KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different amounts of inferior jujube powder on the dynamic changes of microbial population, fermentation and nutritional quality during alfalfa silage fermentation. 【Method】 Six treatments with different amounts of jujube powder were designed and added to crushed alfalfa according to the control treatment (T0 treatment) with no jujube powder, 0.5% (T1 treatment), 2.5% (T2 treatment), 5% (T3 treatment), 7.5% (T4 treatment) and 10% (T5 treatment). The fermentation period was 60 days and the changes of main microorganism quantity, fermentation and nutritional quality of silage at the 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 15 d 30 d, and 60 d of different treatments during the fermentation period were detected. 【Result】 The results showed that the interaction of fermentation time and treatment had a significant effect on the number of lactic acid bacteria, yeast and aerobic bacteria and the contents of pH, LA, AA, NH3-N, DM, NDF, ADF and WSC (P <0.01). On the 60 th day of fermentation (simulated cellar opening), when the adding amount was increased to 7.5%, the number of lactic acid bacteria was the highest (P=0.013), and the numbers of yeasts and aerobic bacteria were the lowest (P<0.01 and P=0.041). The contents of pH, NH3-N, NDF and ADF in silage were significantly decreased and the contents of DM, LA, AA and WSC were increased with the addition of 5% -10% (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Increasing residual and inferior jujube powder could effectively improve silage quality and fermentation characteristics. According to the microbial changes, fermentation and nutritional quality, the suitable adding amount of residual and inferior jujube powder in alfalfa silage was 7.5% (T4 Treatment), and the moisture content was 72%.

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Detection of Authenticity of Mutton withGas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry(GC-IMS) MENG Xin-tao, ZHANG Ting, XU Ming-qiang, ZOU Shu-ping, MA Yan, ZHANG Qian 2019, 56(10): 1939-1947.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (2787KB) ( )   【Objective】 To develop a new method for identifying authenticity of mutton with gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS). 【Method】 Fresh mutton, pork and chicken were selected as test materials, air was used as blank, the mutton lamb, pork and chicken were used as control. The samples were simulated respectively with mutton adulteration by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 40% of the mass percentage of pork and chicken.The characteristic components were directly detected by GC-IMS, the difference profile of volatile organic compounds was constructed by the Reporter and Gallery plug-in program in the LAV (Laboratory Analytical Viewer) analysis software, and the principal component analysis(PCA) plug-ins program was used to perform PCA. 【Result】 The characteristic flavors of the adulteration mutton samples were determined by GC-IMS. When the different proportion of the pork mixed with mutton was more than 5%, the decrease of 5 characteristic flavors such as phleg, 2-ethyl-1-hexanolm, 2-pentanone and the increase of 39 characteristic flavors such as n-hexanol, 2,3-butanedione and hydroxyacetone could be used for the identification authenticity of mutton; When the different proportion of the chicken mixed with mutton reached 10%, the decrease of 46 characteristic flavors such as 3-methylthiopropanal, n-hexanol, trans-2-octenal and the increase of the 16 characteristic flavors such as propionaldehyde could be used for the identification authenticity of mutton; PCA could distinguish different proportions of pork and chicken samples in mutton, and different adulterated ratios had its obvious areas of belonging. 【Conclusion】 IMS based on rapid adulteration detection of mutton does not need complex pretreatment, which is a new, simple, rapid for operation, and is suitable for rapid identification of mutton, and it has provided a reference for the quality evaluation and safety of mutton and its relevant products.

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Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Changes and Comparative Advantages of Vegetable Production in China YU Li-yan, MU Yue-ying 2019, 56(10): 1948-1958.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.10.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1577KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the consistency of regional changes in China's vegetable production and its comparative advantages, and promote the distribution of vegetable production in the country from the perspective of adjusting comparative advantage. 【Method】 Based on the Chinese vegetable production data from 1990 to 2016, this paper systematically sorted out the regional changes of Chinese vegetable production, and used the comprehensive comparative advantage analysis method and the resource endowment coefficient analysis method to measure the regional comparative advantages. Furthermore, the panel regression was employed to analyze the impact of comparative advantages on the layout of vegetable production. 【Results】 The vegetable output of the top 10 provinces in China accounted for 70% of the total vegetable output in the country. The 10 provinces in the eastern region accounted for more than 40% of the total vegetable output in the country. The overall comprehensive comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient in the eastern region was greater than 1, the central region was less than or equal to 1, the northeast region was less than 1; the western region was equal to 1. For every 1% change in the comprehensive comparative advantage of each region, the sown area of vegetables in the whole country will change 0.8% in the same direction. 【Conclusion】 China's vegetable production concentration is high. The eastern region is China's main vegetable producing area, with comparative advantages in vegetable production, but its status is declining. The status of vegetable production in the Northeast has declined significantly in China, and its comparative advantage has also dropped significantly. Vegetable production in the western region has increased significantly in the country, and its comparative advantage has risen simultaneously. Comparative advantage is an important factor influencing the layout of Chinese vegetable production.