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20 January 2020, Volume 57 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Resistance of Maize Inbred JH089 ZHAO Haiju, Ailiman Abulaizi, Tayier Maimaitijiang, LIANG Xiaoling, WANG Changhai, LAN Haiyan 2020, 57(1): 1-11.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1655KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the seed germination characteristics and seedling growth of maize inbred JH089 under different stresses, and analyze its tolerance in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for resistant breeding.【Method】 Maize inbred line JH089 was used as the experimental material to determine the indicators such as germination percentage, drought resistance index, plant height and leaf shape, etc. in germination and two-leaf stages under different concentrations of NaCl (100, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500 mmol/L, respectively), PEG 6000 (10%, 20%, 30%) or at 4℃. 【Result】 The results indicated that, with the increase of treatment concentration, the germination of maize inbred JH089 was significantly delayed, the vigor and other indexes of drought and salt tolerance were gradually decreased. When NaCl concentration was higher than 200 mmol/L or the PEG was higher than 20%, the seedling emergence rate, plant height, leaf length and leaf width decreased significantly, the plant growth became slower, and different symptoms were observed on the leaf. Seedling growth was inhibited by low temperature treatment for a long time. 【Conclusion】 The results of this study showed that maize inbred line JH089 could tolerate lower rather higher concentration of drought or drought stress, and short time low temperature had no significant effect on seedling growth, but higher intensity or longer time stress caused significant injury.

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Effects of New-Type Urea On Yield,Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Drip Irrigated Maize under Plastic Film Mulching LI Yuan, ZHANG Yan, Haliha Yibati, ZHANG Mengjie, LI Qingjun 2020, 57(1): 12-19.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (730KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare the difference of the efficiencies of different new urea in the drip irrigated maize under plastic film mulching in the hope of selecting the best new urea type. 【Method】 One-year field trials were conducted with seven treatments including no N fertilizer, common urea, polyaspartic acid urea, humic acid urea, zinc urea, loss-controlled urea, common urea add Zn.Each treatment applied the same amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Loss-controlled urea was all applied as the base fertilizer before transplanting. 30% of urea was used as base fertilizer in other treatments, and 70% was applied with drip irrigation. All P, K, Zn fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer before transplanting. The cotton biomass, yield, N uptake and N utilization were measured in the mature period. 【Result】 Compared with the common urea, the yields of new-type urea increased by 6.32% - 9.62%, and dry matter of the ground increased by 5.62% - 13.43%, showing a significant difference. Among them, the loss-controlled urea significantly increased the yield of maize by 13.43%. Compared with the common urea, application of the new type urea also increased N average utilization rates by 3.26% - 8.28%. The nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of loss-controlled urea is the highest. The result also indicated that the accumulations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer were increased by applying new type urea.【Conclusion】 Therefore, The Loss controlled urea in the xin lian xin new type urea is the most effective way,The yield increased by 9.62%, the dry matter increased by 13.43%, and the utilization rate of fertilizer increased by 8.28%. to improve the utilization rate and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in maize in Xinjiang.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Winter Wheat Cultivars and Screening of Salt Tolerant Germplasm in Xinjiang at Germination Stage Kuniduz Aitulkhan, REN Yi, YAN An, SHI Shubing, ZHANG Fang, SHI Xiaolei, GENG Hongwei 2020, 57(1): 20-31.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1260KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different types of salt stress on the germination period of winter wheat in Xinjiang and carry out the comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the evaluation and selection of salt-tolerant varieties in wheat germination period in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 In this study, the root number, the longest root length, seedling height, coleoptile length, germination potential, germination rate, etc. of 76 varieties (lines) of Xinjiang winter wheat under two different salt stress conditions of NaCl and NaCl∶Na2SO4 were determined, thus comprehensively evaluating and screening the salt tolerance of winter wheat in Xinjiang. 【Results and Conclusion】 The results showed that compared with the control treatment, NaCl and NaCl∶Na2SO4 had significant inhibitory effects on the traits of Xinjiang winter wheat cultivars (lines), and NaCl single salt stress inhibited each trait than that of NaCl∶Na2SO4 mixed salt More stress suppression. According to the cluster analysis under NaCl single salt stress,Xinjiang winter wheat varieties (lines) can be divided into high tolerance type (6/accounting for 7.89% of the tested materials) and salt tolerance type (15/19.74) according to the salt tolerance, medium resistant (16 / 21.05%),sensitive (18/23.68%) and highly sensitive (21/27.63%).Cluster analysis of NaCl∶Na2SO4 mixed salt stress, Xinjiang winter wheat varieties (lines) can be divided into high tolerance type (13/accounting for 17.11% of the tested materials) and salt tolerance type (10/13.16%) according to the salt tolerance, medium resistant (16/21.05%), sensitive (26/34.21%) and highly sensitive (11 / 14.47%) and other five categories. The salt tolerance of winter wheat cultivars (lines) under two salt stress conditions was screened by membership function method and cluster analysis. The varieties with high NaCl tolerance were obtained 6 copies, accounting for 7.89% of the tested varieties. There were 13 varieties (lines) with high NaCl-tolerant Na2SO4 mixed salt stress, accounting for 17.11% of the tested varieties; and 3 varieties with high tolerance type under NaCl single salt stress and NaCl∶Na2SO4 mixed salt stress, both were from The breeding varieties and introduced varieties are Shidong 8, Luofulin10 and Xindong 7.This study provides excellent germplasm resources for the breeding of new salt-tolerant wheat varieties in Xinjiang.

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Effects of Abiotic Stresses on Seedling Growth of Three Zea mays L. Varieties Ailiman Abulaizi, ZHAO Haiju, Tayier Maimaitijiang, Alayi Hanati, WANG Changhai, LAN Haiyan 2020, 57(1): 32-42.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1568KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the adaptability to abiotic stresses, the morphological indexes of three maize hybrids (Xin Yu 47, Jiu Yu J03 and Jiu Sheng He 2468) were measured. 【Methods】 After the hybrids were treated with PEG 6000 for one week, NaCl, low temperature and higher illumination, morphological indexes including plant height, stem diameter, leaf area etc. were analyzed. 【Results】 Different abiotic stresses had different inhibitory effects on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and relative water content of maize seedlings and the tolerance of three maize varieties was distinct. For example, Jiuyu J03 had a strong ability to adapt to salt and low temperature, Jiushenghe 2468 had a strong ability to adapt to drought and strong light, while Xinyu 47 behaved just so-so under these abiotic stresses. 【Conclusion】 In this study, maize hybrids planted in three different regions had different adaptability to the environment, which might be used as reference for the production of maize hybrids in the early developmental stage.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Agronomic Traits and Quality of Beer Barley ZHAO Yun, KONG Jianping, LI Pengbing, YU Tiansheng, FANG Furong, XIANG Li 2020, 57(1): 43-53.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (901KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the agronomic traits and quality of beer barley, and to find the optimal nitrogen application rate in Xinjiang barley planting area, so as to provide an effective theoretical basis for achieving high quality and yield.【Methods】The varieties introduced and self-bred in recent years were used as experimental materials to compare the differences in agronomic traits, yield and quality of four varieties under different nitrogen fertilizer dosages.【Result】 The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rates in the emergence stage were not significant. The heading stage, maturity stage and growth period were delayed with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, and there were significant differences among the treatments. The basic seedlings showed the best performance at 225 kg/hm2. The plant height increased with the kg/hm2 increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, and the ear length, the number of main spikes and the 1,000-grain weight were all under 225 kg/hm2 treatment, which was the best. There was no significant difference in the yield and protein content between the treatments, but under the treatment of 300 kg/hm2, the protein content was the highest and the yield was still optimal at 225 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】 In conclusion, in order to achieve the best benefit in production, the experiment concluded that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in Xinjiang beer barley should be controlled at about 225 kg/hm2.

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Effect of Nitric Oxide (NO) with Hypobaric Treatment on Postharvest Quality of Grapes YAN Bowen, WEI Jia, ZHANG Zheng, WU Zhonghong, WU Bin 2020, 57(1): 54-62.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1575KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of vacuum fumigation technology on postharvest storage quality of table grapes. 【Method】 The preservation of nitric oxide (NO) fumigation with hypobaric treatment on 'Red Globe' table grapes stored under (0±2) ℃ was studied. The dates of firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid (AsA) and so on were measured to evaluate the preservation effect under different treatments. 【Result】 The most appropriate treatment condition was 70 kPa atmosphere with 30 μL/L nitric oxide. Our test showed that nitric oxide with hypobaric treatment significantly lowered the weightlessness, drop rate and decay rate. In the meantime, this treatment, compared with the control, keep the hardness of flesh and inhibited the loss of water, delayed the decreasing of SSC, TA, AsA and promoted POD activity. 【Conclusion】 Not only nitric oxide with hypobaric treatment was able to prolong the storage period of grapes, but it could also maintain the quality. In addition, it provides technical support for the storage and preservation of grapes.

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Establishment of Evaluation Model of Leaf Area of Niunai Grape ZHANG Yu, LI Jiang, ZHANG Fuchun, ZHONG Haixia, PAN Mingqi, WU Xinyu 2020, 57(1): 63-68.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (626KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the relationship between leaf length, leaf width, leaf length × leaf width and leaf area of malt seeds in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing a method for rapid estimation of grape leaf area in the field. 【Method】 The leaves of Niunai grape varieties in southern Xinjiang were used as research objects, the leaf length, leaf width, leaf length × leaf width and leaf area were measured and the relationship between different indexes and the leaf area of Niunai grape was analyzed. 【Results】 The established regression equation of leaf area estimation was the best regression equation for estimating the leaf area of Niunai grape, and the estimated average difference rate was only 2.103%. The established binary regression equation was y1 =12.990x1+2.501x2-66.109 . 【Conclusion】 The results of this study provide an effective method for the determination of grape leaf area and have a good application value in grape production practice and scientific research.Provide theoretical basis for grape leaf curtain management.

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Geographical Source Traceability of Raisins Based on Mineral Element Contents WANG Jingjing, FANG Fang, ZHOU Xiaoming, WU Xinyu, SU Min 2020, 57(1): 69-77.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (969KB) ( )   【Objective】 To trace the geographical source of raisins from Turpan and Khotan in Xinjiang of China, and Smarkand of Uzbekistan and establish the trace method base on mineral elemental contents. 【Method】 In this experiment, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) were used to analyze the contents of 50 mineral elements in 69 samples collected from 3 raisin producing areas and then the obtained data were analyzed by variance analysis, discriminant analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. 【Result】 9 mineral elements mainly including Li, Sc, Co, Y, Mo, Mn, Cu, Na and K were selected by discriminant to establish the model for detecting geographical classification of raisin samples. The 9 selected elements were used as variables to verify 9 samples from 3 raisin regions outside the model, and the discrimination accuracy reached 100%. The obviously clustering effect was obtained from cluster analysis by the 3 main component extracted from 9 mineral elements of 3 raisin producing areas.【Conclusion】 The model based on mineral element analysis can be used successfully to discriminate raisins from 3 raisin producing area. This model may provide a reference in geographical origin tracing of Xinjiang characteristic fruits and in protection of geographical landmark agricultural products.

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Effects of Tomato Straw Composite Substrate on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Cucumber in Greenhouses SHI Zhenyu, CHEN Jian, JIA Kai, CHENG Yunxia, LIU Qianjie, CUI Yongmin, WU Hui 2020, 57(1): 78-85.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (917KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out the best cultivation substrate formula suitable for cucumber growth in desert solar greenhouse in Hetian area.【Method】 Tomato straw and coconut bran, sand and chicken manure were mixed into a composite matrix according to different proportions. The experiment was carried out by randomized block method, 1 control and 5 treatment groups were set up, and Zhongshu 128 cucumber cultivar was used as test material. 【Result】 The results showed that the different proportion matrix of tomato straw had a significant effect on the growth of cucumber, and the growth index, the physiological index and the yield of the cucumber were comprehensively evaluated by the membership function, and the result of the cultivation was that the treatment of T3 was the best (tomato straw∶coconut bran∶ chicken manure: sand = 40∶5∶5∶50). The results also showed that the plant height of T3 at the full fruiting stage was 220.66 cm, and the stem diameter was 9.88 mm, respectively, which were better than those of other treatments. The soluble sugar content of fruit was 1.89%, the soluble protein content was 7.47 mg/g, the weight of single fruit was 226.32 g, the yield per plant was 2.71 kg, and the yield was 10 870.66 kg/667m2. The mean value of the membership function of T3 was the largest, 0.76, and the average size of each index membership function was T3> T2> T1> CK> T4> T5.【Conclusion】 To sum up, tomato straw can partly replace coconut bran and T3 composite substrate can be used as the cultivation medium for cucumber growth in desert solar greenhouse in Hotan area.

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Effects of Grass Growing on Soil Nutrients and Fruit Quality in Jujube Orchard GAO Lu, YUE Kun, TANG Wenlin, WAN Zhongwu, SONG Lihua 2020, 57(1): 86-96.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1747KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to solve the shortcomings of the traditional cultivation mode of Lingwu Changzao, the effects of different grass-growing modes on soil nutrients and fruit quality were studied.【Method】 Variance analysis and charts were used to analyze the different grass-growing patterns in jujube orchards.【Result】 The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-40 cm soil layer of jujube orchard were increased by grass growing in jujube orchards; the content of VC and flavonoids in fruit was increased by ryegrass and white clover, the content of organic acid was decreased, and the firmness of fruit was enhanced by grass growing in jujube orchards; the single fruit weight was obviously increased by alfalfa treatment.【Conclusion】 The grass-growing model in jujube orchard can improve soil fertility and fruit quality, and the effect of ryegrass and white clover inter-row grass-growing model is better than other grass-growing models.

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Effects of Active Daylighting in Solar Greenhouses on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tomatoes with Different Planting Densities Alapati Tayierjiang, JIA Kai, LIU Qianjie, ZHANG Ni, LIU Yu, GAO Jie 2020, 57(1): 97-103.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1178KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of solar greenhouse under the conditions of active daylighting and ordinary daylighting to its environment and photosynthetic characteristics of tomatoes that planted in it.【Method】 In this experiment, three different planting densities were designed, which were 4 plants/m2, 6 plants/m2, and 8 plants/m2, and tomatoes were planted into two kinds of solar greenhouses, which were active daylighting solar greenhouse and ordinary daylighting solar greenhouse. The data of solar greenhouses' environment and tomato leaves' photosynthesis characteristics were measured within three days in a row of sunny conditions.【Result】 The results showed that the temperature, humidity and daylight radiation of the active daylighting solar greenhouse were better than those in the ordinary daylighting solar greenhouse. The average daylight radiation of the active daylighting solar greenhouse was 4.39%, 5.85%, 5.67% higher than those of the ordinary daylighting solar greenhouse within three days. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tomato in two solar greenhouses decreased with the increase of planting densities, but the intercellular CO2 concentration was the opposite. As for different daylighting solar greenhouses, the photosynthetic characteristics of tomato that were planted in active daylighting solar greenhouse were better than those planted in ordinary daylighting solar greenhouses.【Conclusion】 Active daylighting in solar greenhouses is superior to ordinary daylighting solar greenhouses in terms of environment and tomato photosynthetic characteristics.

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Effect of Amount of Organic Granular Fertilizer Application on Growth of Plug Pepper Seedling CHENG Yunxia, CHEN Jian, LIU Qianjie, SHI Zhenyu, JIA kai, WEI Shaowei, YU Anwei , CUI Yongmin, WU Hui 2020, 57(1): 104-111.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (928KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out the amount of organic granular fertilizer suitable for the growth of pepper in the tray in the hope of providing reference for the cultivation of robust pepper seedlings raising in the process of reducing nutrient solution.【Methods】In this experiment, Ruiba No.5 was used as the test material, and organic granular fertilizer was used as the variable. In the coconut coir∶ vermiculite=3∶1 (volume ratio) composite matrix, different volume ratios of organic granular fertilizer were added respectively, and watering was carried out. The Japanese garden test general formula nutrient solution was used as the control. The effects of organic fertilizer application on the growth of pepper seedlings were studied by measuring the growth index, assimilates accumulation and physiological indexes of seedlings.【Results】 The results showed that each treatment had an effect on the growth of pepper seedlings. Among them, T4 treatment seedlings had the best growth, the highest emergence rate was 100%, the root activity was 0.65 g/(g·h), and the G value was 10.91 mg/d. The seedling index was 0.30, the soluble protein content was 22.71 mg/g, the soluble sugar content was 6.81 mg/g, and the chlorophyll content was 1.247 mg/g. The growth of T7 treatment seedlings was the worst compared with the control, and the emergence rate was 82.18%. The vigor was 0.37 g/(g·h), the G value was 7.49 mg/d, the seedling index was 0.18, the soluble protein content was 10.08 mg/g, the soluble sugar content was 3.52 mg/g, and the chlorophyll content was 0.900 mg/g.【Conclusion】 In the process of pepper seedling raising, the appropriate amount of organic granular fertilizer was added to the composite substrate to help the growth of pepper seedlings. The composite substrate T4 treatment was used. (coconut coir∶vermiculite∶organic granular fertilizer = 3∶1∶2, namely, the rice composite substrate contained 300 kg of organic granular fertilizer pcbm), and the pepper seedlings grew the best, which might be widely used in production.

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Effects of Shaping Methods in Different Modes on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Ziziphus Jujuba cv. junzao during Nutrient Transport and Distribution WANG Wenjun, CAI Yong, CHEN Qiling, ZHENG Qiangqing, WANG Jingjing, ZHI Jinhu, WANG Zhendong 2020, 57(1): 112-119.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1452KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the photosynthetic characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Junzao with different shaping methods and under cultivation densities in the hope of obtaining the cultivation mode with better photosynthetic efficiency. Meanwhile, the net photosynthetic rate of Junzao jujube in different physiological periods was compared to understand the distribution of nutrients in jujube tree during the transition from vegetative growth stage to reproductive growth stage. 【Method】 From Mayto July in 2019, LI-6400XT photosynthetic analyzer and SPAD-502 Plus portable chlorophyll analyzer were used, the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of jujube trees with different shaping methods under different planting densities were measured. 【Result】 The Pn, Gs, Ci, Tr and SPAD values of I and II at the end of July were significantly higher than those at the beginning of May, WUE and Ls were just the opposite. The values of Pn, Gs, Tr, Ls and SPAD in early May and late July were significantly higher than those in I,Ci and WUE values were the opposite. In correlation analysis, Pn was positively correlated with Gs, Tr, WUE, SPAD, Gs with Tr, SPAD, WUE with SPAD (P < 0.01), Ci was negatively correlated with Ls and WUE (P < 0.01), WUE was positively correlated with Tr and Ls (P < 0.05); In principal component analysis, when three common factors were retained, the cumulative contribution rate was more than 90%. Among the first principal components (photosynthetic factors), Tr contributed the most, followed by Gs and Pn. Ci and Ls contributed more to the second principal component (stomatal factor). The third principal component (water factor) contributed the most to SPAD, followed by WUE. The comprehensive scores of photosynthetic efficiency of I and II in different periods were arranged as follows: II (flowering at the end of July) >I (flowering at the end of July)>II (flowering at the beginning of May)>I (flowering at the beginning of May).【Conclusion】 The photosynthetic efficiency of leaves at the end of July in reproductive growth stage was stronger than that at the beginning of May in vegetative growth stage. Leaf transforms from a nutrient pool that accumulated and consumed nutrients to a nutrient source that manufactured and exported nutrients, Flowers and fruits of reproductive organs become new storehouses of nutrients.The uniaxial trunk shape at 1.5 m×4.0 m row spacing was compared with the evacuation stratification with 1 m×2.25 m row spacing, which was a more suitable cultivation mode for local Ziziphus jujuba cv. Junzao production.

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Correlation Analysis between Shape Characteristic Parameters of Apricot Fruit and Leaf from Central Asia Sinusia in Xinjiang XU Le, FENG Jianrong, ZHANG Shikui 2020, 57(1): 120-126.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (842KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this project is to reveal the shape characteristic parameters of apricot fruit and leaf from Central Asia sinusia in Xinjiang, and correlation between them in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the study of the apricot population characteristics and new cultivars breeding. 【Method】 80 apricot varieties belonging to Central Asia sinusia were selected as the experimental materials. Their fruit fresh weight, fruit vertical and transect diameter, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf perimeter were measured at fructescence. Meanwhile, the distribution regularities and correlation coefficients of those indexes' parameters of apricot in Central Asia sinusia were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that among 80 apricot varieties in the ecological group of Central Asia in Xinjiang, the largest leaf area was 44.18 cm2, the smallest was 12.82 cm2, 77.5% apricot varieties leaf area in Central Asia sinusia were distributed in 19.8-30.3 cm2, and the leaf area as a whole was relatively small. The leaf perimeter of the 86.3% apricot variety was distributed between 16.7 and 22.7 cm, the largest leaf perimeter was 24.44 cm and the smallest was 13.66 cm.;The largest fruit weight was 48.07 g FW, the smallest was 12.13 g FW, the fruit weight of 63.8% apricot varieties were distribute in 16.1-32.1 g FW, and the fruit as a whole was relatively small. The correlation between leaf area and leaf width was the highest (0.910**), the correlation between leaf circumference and leaf length was the highest (0.870**), and the correlation between single fruit weight and fruit transverse diameter was the highest (0.913**).【Conclusion】 There was a significant positive correlation between leaf area and leaf circumference and single fruit weight, which can be used as an important index for predicting the fruit single-fruit weight.

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Effects of Water Stress and Nitrogen Application on Growth and Physiology of Coreopsis tinctoria Seedlings LI Zhiyuan, JIANG Hong, WANG Yanan, QIN Yanan, YU Ting, ZHANG Pu, DENG Shuangshuang, CHU Jiayao, LI Zhihui, Maierdan Maimaiti, QIN Yong 2020, 57(1): 127-138.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (2301KB) ( )   【Objective】 The main planting area of Coreopsis tinctoria(Coreopsis tinctoria nutt.) is located in the arid and semi-arid climate area of Xinjiang. The physiological response of Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings to drought stress under nitrogen application was studied in order to provide theoretical basis for scientific cultivation of Coreopsis tinctoria in arid areas of Xinjiang.【Method】 Coreopsis tinctoria seeds were collected from Keliyang Township, Pishan County, Hotan area. The growth and physiological response under conditions of no nitrogen application (N0∶0 g/kg soil), low nitrogen (N1:0.1 g/kg soil), high nitrogen (N2:0.3 g/kg soil) and severe water shortage (D1:25%±5%) , mild water shortage (D2: 50%±5%) and normal irrigation (D3:75%±5%) at seedling stage (8 leaves and 1 heart) were studied.【Result】 With the decrease of water content, the plant height, total biomass, root length, root-shoot ratio and fresh weight of above-ground and underground parts of Coreopsis tinctoria decreased. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductivity (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration II quantum yield (φPSII), PS II maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), electron transfer efficiency (ETR), photochemical quenching coefficient (qp) continued to decrease, while chlorophyll initial fluorescence(Fo), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content, The content of soluble sugar and the activity of antioxidant enzyme increased. Low nitrogen only promoted seedling growth under normal irrigation conditions, but low nitrogen did not play an important role in seedling growth under soil water shortage. High nitrogen could increase plant height growth, total biomass, root length, shoot fresh weight, root-shoot ratio, chlorophyll content and Pn, Tr, Gs, Ci,φPSII, Fv/Fm, qp, ETR, under different water conditions to decrease Fo, NPQ, MDA, proline content and soluble sugar content. Especially under severe water shortage, high nitrogen treatment had the greatest effect on reducing antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA content. 【Conclusion】 Mastering the appropriate nitrogen supply level can reduce the negative effect of water stress on Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings to a certain extent, which might be helpful for Coreopsis tinctoria to survive the frail seedling growth period.

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Quantitative Correlation between Spatial Distribution of Natural Arbor Forest and Topographic Factors in Western Tianshan Mountains ZHANG Huifang, ZHANG Jinglu, ZHU Yali, Dilixiati Baoerhan, GAO Yaqi, LEI Yajun 2020, 57(1): 139-148.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1589KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the quantitative correlation between spatial distribution and topographic factors (elevation, aspect,slope) of natural arbor forests in western Tianshan Mountains, and to provide scientific basis for the protection and management of forest resources.【Method】 The natural arbor trees in the mountain area under the jurisdiction of State-owned Forest Administration in the Western Tianshan Mountains were chosen as the testing materials and based on DEM data, Landsat data and the field investigation for forest resources, a quantitative study on the spatial distribution of natural arbor forest in the western Tianshan Mountain was carried out by RS and GIS technologies. 【Result】 The natural arbor forest in the western Tianshan Mountain was mainly distributed in the area of 1,200 -2,500 m above sea level, and the distribution index was 96.19%. The trees were mainly distributed in shady and semi-shade slops (the north, northeast, northwest slopes and part of east and west slopes), and the distribution index was 88.72%; most of the natural arbor forests grew in the slope from 15° to 55°, including ramp, steep and acute slopes and part of dangerous slope, among which the distribution index of the steep slope was the largest. The tree species in the study area were Picea schrenkiana, Populus tremula, Betula pendula, Armeniaca vulgaris and Malus sieversii. Among them, P. schrenkiana covered the largest distribution area and the widest elevation range, followed by P. tremula and A. vulgaris. The suitable growing areas for P.schrenkiana, P. tremula and A. vulgaris were within sea levels between 1,800-2,400 m, 1,400-2,000 m and 1,000-1,600 m.【Conclusion】 P. schrenkiana, P. tremula and A. vulgaris are the main natural tree species in western Tianshan Mountains. They are mainly distributed on the shady and semi-shady slope aspects and slopes from 15 to 55°of the middle high mountains and sub-alpine areas. In forest tending and regeneration, the suitable tree species should be selected according to the topographic conditions, thus ensuring the survival rate of tree seedlings and promoting the rapid regeneration of arbor forests.

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Comparison of Hyperspectral and Optical Image Vegetation Index (VI) in Desert Forest WU Wenli, YUAN Ye, LI Yuanyuan, CHU Guangming, ZHANG Hao 2020, 57(1): 149-156.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1283KB) ( )   【Objective】 For the sparse distribution of Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima in arid and semi-arid regions, it is difficult to carry out ground survey in large-scale. The combination of ground remote sensing and space remote sensing with vegetation index (VI) can survey them rapidly, but in this process, it is necessary to clarify the difference of vegetation index in data.【Method】 NDVI, RDVI and SAVI of H. ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima. were studied and compared by using hyperspectral data and optical image in desert forest.【Result】 The results showed that the values and trends of the three kinds VI of H. ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima were similar, especially SAVI and RDVI, but the change of NDVI was larger than that of the other twos. In the optical image VI, the NDVI and SAVI of H. ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima were kept in a certain range, and the variation range was small, while the values and trends of RDVI were relatively large and unstable.【Conclusion】 The NDVI and SAVI extracted from the hyperspectral data were larger than those of the optical images, while the RDVI extracted from the optical images was larger than the hyperspectral data,therefore, RDVI was more sensitive to vegetation coverage.

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Effects of Various Training System of Cabernet Sauvignon on Powdery Mildew and Quality CAI Junshe, BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, ZHAO Ronghua, WANG Ailing, CHEN Guang, Gulijiahan Keremu 2020, 57(1): 157-166.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1364KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of various shaping methods on Cabernet Sauvignon powdery mildew and fruit quality in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the selection of cultivation and shaping methods of wine grape in Turpan area. 【Methods】Five years old Cabernet Sauvignon with M-VSP, F-shape, Y-shape and F-MT were used to conduct comparative analysis of its incidence rate, disease index, yield and quality. 【Results】 Compared with F-MT, leaf powdery mildew disease of M-VSP, F-shape and Y-shape were significantly reduced, fruit disease of M-VSP and Y-shape were significantly reduced too, yield of M-VSP and Y-shape were decreased obviously, M-VSP yield was more reasonable than M-VSP, average yield was 13 540.70 kg a hectare, maturity, total anthocyanins, berry skin color value and seed coat color value were increased, M-VSP, F-shape and Y-shape which improved the quality M-VSP did not only have heavier cluster and berry mass(113.41 and 1.29 g respectively), moderate cluster compactness and the highest reducing sugar(178.37 g/L), but also produced the berry with desired wine-making quality due to the heavier berry skin color and seed coat color better maturity, higher total phenols content, showing an optimal comprehensive quality. 【Conclusion】 The wine grape with M-VSP could effectively relieve Cabernet Sauvignon Powdery Mildew and can be used as a good shaping method for wine grape cultivation in Turpan region and for more in-depth research.

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Screening of Fly Control Agents for Cotton Aphid in Cotton Fields in Xinjiang and Preliminary Report of Pesticide Reduction and Efficiency Improvement WU Jinlong, FENG Hongzu, MA Xiaoyan, WANG Lan, ZHANG Yalin, WU Gang 2020, 57(1): 167-172.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (683KB) ( )   【Objective】 In view of the frequent outbreaks of aphids in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang in recent years, the low utilization rate of pesticides and the serious pollution to the environment, this project selects high efficiency and safety agents and auxiliaries suitable for UAV to control cotton aphids, thus realizing pesticide reduction and efficiency. 【Method】 The field spray method was used to evaluate the efficiency of the five agents and the addition agent sprayed by the MG-1P type plant protection drone in Xinjiang.【Result】 7 days after application, the solution with 22% flonicamidil suspension and 70% imidacloprid water-dispersible granules showed the best control effect on cotton aphid, which was 96.2% and 92.4%, respectively. The reduction test after adding the auxiliaries to the two agents showed that there was no significant difference between the group treated with 20% reduction and the control after 1 to 7 days after application. On the 15th days after application, the group treated with 20% reduction was significantly different from the control. There was no significant difference between the 10% reduction and the control. 【Conclusion】 The 22% flonicamidil suspending agent and 70% imidacloprid water-dispersible granules in the test have the best control effect on cotton aphid and no significant difference was found in the control effect of cotton aphid between the two groups after adding auxiliaries by 10%-20% compared with the conventional dosage of APHIS gossypii.

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Study on the Mating Disruption Control Technology of Fruit Borer in Shihezi Reclamation Area LI Xinglong, ZHANG Xinyue, LEI Yuejie, XIAO Xiaorong, YANG Yongbang, ZHANG Zhenxing, SUN Huimin, WANG Shaoshan 2020, 57(1): 173-180.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1823KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarity the control effect of the Grapholita molesta and the Cydia pomonella with mating disruption in fruit orchards.【Methods】The single planting orchards of flat peach and apple were used as the research objects and the control was carried out by using the mixed labyrinth of the baited core and codling moth in 2018 in Shihezi reclamation area. The growth and decline situation of carnivore in fruit trees were investigated by using three kinds of pheromone trap.【Results】The results showed that the dominant species in the peach orchards were pear carnivore and codling moth. The number of insects which were trapped in the control area of peach orchard and apple orchard with unsuspended labyrinth was higher than that in the experimental area with suspended labyrinth. 【Conclusion】 In Shihezi reclamation area, peach orchards and apple orchards using hanging mating disruption as control means have remarkable effect, and the mating disruption technology is worth popularizing.

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Age and Growth of Triplophysa tenuis in Kaidu River, Xinjiang JIN Shanshan, WANG Xinyue, LIN Xin, CHEN Shengao, LIU Maochun, XIE Congxin 2020, 57(1): 181-189.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1346KB) ( )   【Objective】 To research the age and growth of Triplophysa tenuis in Kaidu River, Tarim River Basin. 【Method】 From 2017 to 2019, by sampling and observing Triplophysa tenuis in Kaidu River, Tarim River Basin, the age was identified and its growth traits were analyzed by classical biological measurement method.【Result】 The average ago of Triplophysa tenuis was 3.06±0.11+, which did not meet the normal distribution. The superior individual's age was 2+; Length and weight relationships: W=0.013 3 L2.809 4(R2=0.745 9);Length and intestinal length relationship: LI =0.730 L-2.74(R2=0.981 8). Progressive length L∞=23.75 cm,the coefficient of growth k=0.64,W∞=97.42 g,t0 = - 0.70,ti=9.14+; The population (n=139) of progressive length and weight growth relationship: Lt = 23.75 (1-e-0.64 (t + 0.7)) , Wt = 97.42 (1-e-0.64 (t + 0.7))2.809 4. The population of GSI and fullness: GSI=27.20±1.80, K=0.88±0.2.【Conclusion】 Triplophysa tenuis in Kaidu River belongs to heterogenic growth with strong adaptability, but its growth traits are instable. It plays a certain role in the population dynamics and the fishery ecological balance.

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Effect of Donor Cell on the Efficiency of Ovine Somatic Cell Cloning GUO Yanhua, XU Fangye, LI Yingli, ZHANG Yiyuan, WANG Limin, TANG Hong, PI Wenhui, ZHOU Ping, 2020, 57(1): 190-196.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (818KB) ( )   【Objective】 In the production of cloned embryos, nuclear donor cells directly restrict the fusion number and developmental potential of focused embryos. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the static time, passage times and cycle treatment of donor cells, different cloned lines of donor cells and different sheep cells, and to determine the effect of single factor donor cells on cloned embryos by using reconstructed embryo fusion rate and blastocyst development rate as detection indexes.【Result】 The fusion rates of pelleted cells on 15-30 minutes in operation liquid drop was higher than longtime (about 2 h) pelleted cells after being removed from plates and re-suspension in centrifugal tube (90.10% vs78.84% )(P<0.01). Embryonic development competence had no significant difference (15.58% vs 14.65%)(P>0.05).Thawed fibroblast cells were cultured one to three passages and to full confluency on the plateau phase of cell growth curve 24 h and 48h, fusion rate of cytoplast-donor cell couplets had no significant difference (70.37%、76.03%、71.92% vs 72.97%)(P>0.05),but embryonic development competence rose gradually(5.96%, 9.06%, 15.85% vs 20.16%); Fusion rates and blastocyst rates of cloned embryos had significant difference(P＜0.05) or remarkable difference (P<0.01). On the different lines from mono adult fibroblast cell; coincidentally, it was same to the different lines from multiple adult fibroblast cell.【Conclusion】 These data showed that static time of resuspension somatic cells among 15-30 minutes in liquid drop, passage several times and prolong the G1 phase of somatic cell formed a confluent monolayer, and multiple somatic cells were conducive to the production of cloned embryos in ovine.