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20 December 2019, Volume 56 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on Boll Development of Main Upland Cotton Varieties (Lines) in Alar Reclamation Area of Southern Xinjiang MAO Ting-yong, HU Shou-lin, CHEN Guo-dong, LI Ya-bing, ZHANG Wei, XU Wen-xiu, ZHANG Yong, CHEN Jia-lin, WAN Su-mei 2019, 56(12): 2157-2168.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1943KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the characteristics of cotton boll development in the main land cotton in this area. 【Methods】 Xinluzhong 82, Xinluzhong 70 and strains 15-1242 were used as materials, and flowers were hanged on July 7, July 14, and July 21, respectively, every 7 days.【Results】 The test showed that the dry weight of cotton bolls was 15-1242>Xinluzhong 70>Xinluzhong 82,7>14>21. The rapid growth stop time of the three bell-type indicators was significantly positively correlated with the dry weight of the single bell; the length of the bell had the greatest influence on the dry weight of the single bell, followed by the volume and diameter of the boll; the length of the boll played a direct role in the increase of the volume. And the diameter affectedthe volume increase by indirect action. The dry matter accumulation and distribution of the cotton bolls of the three materials showed that the fastest decrease in the shell rate was 65% to 20%, and the fastest increase in the fiber rate and seed rate was Xinluzhong 70,from 17% to 37% and 16 to 41%, respectively. The dry matter accumulation characteristic curve of each component of cotton bolls showedthat the bell shell requiredthe shortest time, the seed was centered, and the fiber was the longest. During the vigorous accumulation of cotton bolls, the normal development of seeds and fibers was critical to the formation of cotton single boll weight, which directly affectedthe final yield of cotton. 【Conclusion】 The single boll weight, volume and dry matter accumulation distribution of Xinluzhong 70 were the best in the three materials.

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Effects of Different Base Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Different Cotton Varieties in Arid Area WANG Zhi-qiang, ZHANG Yong, LIU Xiao-hong, HU Shou-lin, CHEN Guo-dong, LI Ya-bing, WANG Fei, GHEN Wei, LI Ling, WAN Su-mei 2019, 56(12): 2169-2179.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1916KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this study, three kinds of base fertilizers were set up to compare the nutrient accumulation and yield characteristics of different cotton varieties in the Tarim area of Xinjiang.【Methods】Two-factor split-zone test design was adopted to compare the nutrient accumulation differences and yield effects of six cotton varieties under three basic fertilizer settings.【Results】The results showed that the Xinluzhong55 varietyof the six cotton cultivars had the highest nitrogen utilization rate (36.11%) with high nitrogen uptake capacity. The phosphorus accumulations of Xinluzhong22, Xinluzhong55 and JinmianZ1112 varieties were significantly higher than thoseof Xinluzhong82, Xinluzao74 and Xinluzao77 varieties. The utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was Xinluzao77>Xinluzhong22>Xinluzhong82>Xinluzhong55>JinmianZ1112>Xinluzao74. The potassium contents of Xinluzhong22, Xinluzhong55, Xinluzhong82, JinmianZ1112 and Xinluzao77 varieties weresignificantly higher than that of Xinluzao74 varieties. The utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer was higher than thoseof Xinluzhong55 and Xinluzhong82, the lowest one was Xinluzhong22 variety, and Xinluzhong55 and Xinluzhong82 varieties had higher potassium absorption capacity; The numbers of bolls per plant of JinmianZ1112 and Xinluzao77 6 weresignificantly higher than thoseof Xinluzhong22 and Xinluzhong55, and the single boll weight of Xinluzhong22 was significantly higher than that of the other five varieties. The clothing scores of Xinluzhong22 and JinmianZ1112 varieties were significantly higher than those of Xinluzhong55, Xinluzhong82 and Xinluzao77 varieties. The seed cotton yield and lint yield of Xinluzao74 varietywere significantly lower than those other varieties.【Conclusion】Under the current planting conditions, the nutrient absorption and accumulation of cotton plants without the application of base fertilizer was low and the yield was low. Under the total application of base fertilizer, the yield was the highest. Under the semi-application of base fertilizer, the application rate of base fertilizer was reduced by 50%, and the average yield of cotton was reduced by 9%. Among them, Xinluzhong22 and Xinluzhong55 varieties had the least yield reduction, 5% and 1%, respectively.

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Differences in Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Components between Conventional Cotton and Hybrid Cotton XU Peng, CHEN Guo-dong, WAN Su-mei, LIU Xiao-hong, ZHANG Yong, HUANG Min-jie, LI Ling, GUO Zi-xuan, HU Shou-lin 2019, 56(12): 2180-2188.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1274KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the relationship between the dry matter accumulation of cotton and its distribution law between conventional cotton and hybrid cotton in the process of growth in the hope of providing certain guidance for production practice.【Method】Six cotton varieties were selected as experimental materials, and conventional cotton varieties, namely Xinluzhong 38, J206-5, and four F2 hybrid cottons, namely 18-1883, 18-1887, H602, H628 were promoted in the two fields. They were planted in the Alar region of southern Xinjiang, with the same planting density (14,000 plants/667 m2), and we carried out high-yield cultivation management to study the accumulation of dry matter in different organs and its relationship with their yields.【Result】The total dry matter accumulation of conventional cotton varieties of Xinluzhong 38 was 149.09 g, which was higher than that of J206-5 (127.44 g), and the total dry matter accumulation of F2 hybrid cotton was H602(158.71 g) >18-1883 (148.26 g)>H628(143.56 g)>18-1887(130.69 g); RAR value (ratio of dry matter of reproductive organs and vegetative organs) was represented by conventional cotton variety Xinluzhong No.38 (0.334)>J206-5(0.328 ), F2 hybrid cotton 18-1887 (0.40)>H628(0.35)>18-1883(0.32)>H602(0.30); the average yield of single cotton lint of conventional cotton varieties was Xinluzhong No.38 (22.86 g) >J206-5 (20.27 g), the yield of lint cotton in F2 hybrid cotton was H628 (27.83 g) > H602 (24.94 g) > 18-1883 (21.66 g) > 18-1887 (19.33 g). Based on the above analysis, it was concluded that the total dry matter accumulation and yield components of F2 hybrid cotton H602 and H628 were the best.【Conclusion】According to the test results, it can be concluded that under the same planting conditions, F2 hybrid cotton H628 is more suitable for planting in the Alar region of southern Xinjiang.

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Screening of Upland Cotton Germplasm Resources Which Are Sensitive to Defoliant in Southern Xinjiang WANG Tian-you, ZHOU Yan, LIU Chun-yan, LI Juan , HE Liang-rong 2019, 56(12): 2189-2198.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1672KB) ( )   【Objective】 The defoliation and boll opening rate of cotton germplasm resources in southern Xinjiang were studied after spraying defoliant in order to screen out the germplasm which might be sensitive to defoliants and provide reference for selecting and breeding sensitive cultivars to defoliant. 【Method】The defoliant (thidiazuron) with good defoliation effect was used (combined with ethephon) in the project to separately investigate the number of leaves and boll opening rate at different times after spraying defoliant. 【Result】 The defoliation rate of different cotton varieties was significantly different on the 4th and 7th days. The varieties with defoliation rate more than 95% included Xinluzhong 2, Xinluzhong 5, and Hexin 27, etc; the post-drug boll opening rate varied among different varieties; the defoliation rate and defoliation effect of different types of leaves were different; 90 germplasm resources were classified into 4 categories by cluster analysis, and the second category was sensitive to defoliants. 【Conclusion】The defoliation rate and the boll opening rate of different varieties were different, and the defoliation rate at the 4th to 7th day could be used as the index to evaluate the sensitivity of upland cotton varieties to defoliant in southern Xinjiang. As to the effect of spraying defoliant, the fruit branch leaf was the best, followed by the foliage leaf, the main stem leaf was the worst. The cluster analysis showed that the second class was the most sensitive germplasm to defoliant.

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Study on Density Effects of LAI Dynamic Characteristics in Hybrid Cotton SHI Yuan-qiang, WANG Ji-chuan, SUN Ting, Bilali Aili, ZHANG Jian-fang, GAO Zhen, LI Tong-rui 2019, 56(12): 2199-2207.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1773KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to further clarify the density effect of (LAI) characteristic parameters of leaf area coefficient of cotton populations with different densities, the effects of different densities on the dynamic characteristic parameters of LAI were simulated and analyzed by using the relative LAI dynamic universal model equation y = (a+bx) / (1+cx+dx2) of high yield populations. 【Method】 Different genotypic hybrid cotton varieties Zhaofeng No.1 (land and land hybrid F1 generation) and Xinluzhong 31 (sea and land hybrid F1 generation) were selected as testing varieties and sown on April 22. Planting arrangement of drip irrigation under plastic film (10+66+10+66+10+66)cm, 1 tube 3 mode. Eight planting density treatments (according to the number of harvest plants) were set up, which were 7.2 ×104 plants/ hm2, 10.22 ×104 plants/ hm2, 13.14 ×104 plants/ hm2, 16.58 ×104 plants/ hm2, 19.62 ×104 plants/ hm2, 22.26 ×104 plants/ hm2, 24.70 ×104 plants/ hm2, and 28.80 ×104 plants/ hm2 (denoted as T1, T2, T 3, T 4, T 5, T 6, T 7, T 8, respectively), arranged in a random area group and repeated three times, and 3 films of 18 lines were planted in each area, with an area of 74.8 m2. 【Result】The maximum LAI of cotton population increased approximately linearly with the increase of density in the range of 7.2×104-28.8×104 plants/hm2 , showing an approximate linear increasing trend, while the time when the maximum LAI appeared was earlier with the increase of density; After the relative processing of LAI data, the LAI difference of different density populations was more obvious after the maximum LAI, and the LAI attenuation of high density population was faster than that of low density population. The average LAI of the whole growth period increased linearly with the increase of density. The density had different effects on the parameters of the simulation equation. The change rate of LAI in the whole growth period showed the trend of "N" shape, and corresponded to the change of population LAI and the growth period, the increase and attenuation rate of LAI in high density population was higher than that in low density population.【Conclusion】 Density plays an important role in regulating the dynamics of LAI in cotton whole growth population, especially in regulating groups LAI. The maximum LAI and its arrival time, average LAI and other important characteristic parameters are sensitive to density response, which can be used as the reference index of cotton population density regulation.

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Effects of Magnetization Times and Magnetized Irrigation on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cotton HUANG Guang-wei, ZHAI Yun-long, WU Quan-zhong, LI Ling, LIU Tai-jie, GUO Zi-xuan, MENG Yan-qi, CHEN Guo-dong 2019, 56(12): 2208-2218.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1487KB) ( )   【Objective】 The main purpose of this project is to increase cotton yield. 【Method】 In 2017, the optimum treatments were selected from T0 (CK non-magnetization), T1 (primary magnetization) and T2 (secondary magnetization) treatments through regular observation of cotton plant height, leaf area and other growth indicators. In 2018, different irrigation quotas (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) were set up under the secondary magnetization treatment. The optimum irrigation quota was screened out by comparing the growth and development indexes of cotton and the water use efficiency of magnetized irrigation. 【Result】The results showed that the performance of cotton plants treated with T2 (secondary magnetization) was better than those treated with T1 (primary magnetization) and T0 (CK non-magnetization), and the yield of cotton was the highest, which was increased by 22.3% compared with the control. When the irrigation quota of secondary magnetization reached 3,360 m3/hm2, the agronomic and yield traits of cotton reached the maximum value. At the same time, dry matter accumulation and irrigation water use efficiency were the highest. 【Conclusion】 The agronomic traits, yield traits and dry matter accumulation of cotton plants were greatly improved when the irrigation water was magnetized twice and the irrigation quota was 3,360 m3/hm2, which not only promoted the high yield of cotton fields, but also achieved the goal of water-saving irrigation. At the same time, it provides theoretical and practical support for the development of water-saving intensive sustainable agriculture in southern Xinjiang.

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The Differences in Plant Agronomic Traits, Nitrogen Accumulation and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cotton Varieties with Different Nitrogen Efficiency LOU Shan-wei, Asikaer Kadier, LI Jie, MA Teng-fei, GUO Feng, Paerhati Maimaiti, ZHANG Peng-zhong 2019, 56(12): 2219-2227.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1747KB) ( )   【Objective】 By studying the differences of agronomic traits, nitrogen accumulation and photosynthetic characteristics among different nitrogen-efficiency varieties, the breeding of varieties was optimized to improve nitrogen efficiency and provide reference for rational nitrogen application.【Method】Using cotton varieties Xinluzao 32 and Xinluzao 36 as experimental materials, two nitrogen levels of 240 and 360 kg/hm2 were set up to study the differences of nitrogen efficiency among different cotton varieties.【Results】The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter and number of fruit branches of Xinluzao 32 were higher than those of Xinluzao 36 under both low and high nitrogen conditions, with a difference of 8.34 cm, 2.34 mm and 1.56 sets, respectively.In terms of nitrogen accumulation, the nitrogen content in roots of the two cultivars decreased gradually, but Xinluzao 32's was higher than that of Xinluzao 36. At low nitrogen level, Xinluzao 32 could accumulate more nitrogen in the later stage of stem, contrary to leaf accumulation. At high nitrogen level, the nitrogen accumulation in the later stage of stem was similar, while Xinluzao 32 had high nitrogen content in leaves, and the difference remained above 3.0 g/kg.In terms of photosynthetic characteristics, the net photosynthetic rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of Xinluzao 32 were higher than those of Xinluzao 36, while the transpiration rate was the opposite.【Conclusion】At high nitrogen level, the yield of Xinluzao 32 was the highest, which was 4 022.82 kg/hm2. Comprehensive analysis showed that the characteristics of different nitrogen-efficiency varieties were different. Especially under low nitrogen conditions, nitrogen-efficient varieties could utilize nitrogen more effectively, ensure yield and increase yield under sufficient nitrogen conditions.

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Study on the Effects of Different Improvement Measures on Salinized Cotton Field in Xinjiang CHEN Jian-hua, WANG Hai-jiang, SONG Jiang-hui, ZHU Zhen, SHI Xiao-yan, ZHU Yong-qi, LI Tian-sheng 2019, 56(12): 2228-2237.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1393KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the desalination effect of different salinization improvement measures combined with agricultural measures on soil profile salinity and 0-80 cm tillage layer, in the hope of providing theoretical basis for sustainable utilization of resources in severely salinized soil. 【Method】 Three improvement schemes (T1, agricultural improvement measure, T2, root zone isolation soil salinity + agricultural improvement measure, T3, underground drainage treatment + agricultural improvement measure) were set up to study the salinity distribution and salinity content change in 0-80 cm soil profile through three years of field experiments. 【Result】 Groundwater burial depth of different improvement measures showed similar change regularity with irrigation in growing period. Underground drainage measures had better regulation effect on groundwater burial depth. The combination of root zone isolation, underground drainage measures and agricultural improvement measures could rapidly and effectively reduce soil salinity, and the bottom layer of root zone isolation measures. (40-80 cm) Soil desalination effect was stronger, and the salt content was reduced by 8.92 g/kg, and the salt content of the surface soil by 6.30 g/kg by the underground drainage measures. Agricultural improvement measures had a relatively low overall salt content reduction in the plough layer (40-80 cm). Combined with the three-year desalination rate,the desalination rate was lower in 2016. In 2017, the desalination rate in the study area increased significantly. The average desalination rates of the cultivated layer (0-80 cm) were 63.30% and 52.47% respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the agricultural improvement measures (30.67%). In 2018, the desalination rates of the agricultural improvement measures, the root-zone isolation measures and the underground pipe measures were significantly higher than those of the agricultural improvement measures (30.67%). The desalination rates of drainage measures in 0-80 cm soil layer were 5.28%, 20.00% and 3.89%, respectively.【Conclusion】Root-zone isolation and underground drainage engineering combined with agricultural improvement measures can rapidly and effectively reduce soil salinity and improve the severely salinized soil.

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Correlation Analysis between Tree Structure, Light Environment and Wheat Yield of Almond - Winter Wheat Intercropping Mode ZHANG Wen, LIU Cui-rong, ZHOU Yu-mei, ZHOU Hao, XIE Hui 2019, 56(12): 2238-2246.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1191KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this article, the correlation between almond tree canopy structure index and intercropping regional light environment index and between the light environment index and intercropping winter wheat yield composition index were studied in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the prediction of winter wheat yield, selection and optimization of tree shape with high light efficiency under the fruit-grain intercropping mode in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】Using almond-winter wheat (Xindong 20)intercropping system as research materials to investigated the tree structure index of different tree forms and the PAR daily variation trend in different intercropping area. And the correlation between yield index of winter wheat grain and environment light index, the correlation between environment light index and tree structure index, the correlation between tree structure index and almond yield capacity were analyzed.【Result】 In the mode of almond winter wheat intercropping system in southern Xinjiang, the index of gain yield of efficient panicle of unit-acreage, grain number per spike and 1,000-grain weight were positively correlated with PAR strength at jointing, flowering and grouting stages respectively; the index of 1,000-grain weight and grain weight per spike were positively correlated with average daily light intensity and duration of 400-1 400 μmol/(m2·s) of PAR at grouting stage; there was a significant positive correlation between tree load and canopy volume, canopy projected area and average canopy width; the crown height was significantly correlated with the light index in the sub-canopy area on the west side of the tree, and the crown width was significantly correlated with the light index in the sub-canopy area and the far canopy area on the west side of the tree. 【Conclusion】The indexes of duration time of 400-1 400 μmol/(m2·s) of PAR during the grouting stage and crown width can be used as the main evaluation indexes for wheat yield estimation, and high light efficiency tree selection under the intercropping mode in southern Xinjiang.

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Effects of Different Intercropping Methods on Soil Enzyme Activities in Jujube Orchards LI Yan-fang, CHEN Guo-dong, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Wei, HU Shou-lin, WANG Pei-juan, WAN Su-mei 2019, 56(12): 2247-2255.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2142KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the dynamic changes of soil enzymes in different intercropping methods in jujube gardens and the effects of water stress on soil enzyme activities in intercropping system. 【Method】Two-factor split-zone test design was adopted and two intercropping planting methods were set up in the main area: jujube intercropping cotton and jujube intercropping alfalfa; four water gradients were set in the sub-area: W1: water volume of 3,750 m3/hm2 (moderate water stress); W2: water volume of 4,500 m3/hm2 (mild water stress); W3: water volume of 5,250 m3/hm2 (suitable water); W4: water volume of 6,000 m3/hm2 (sufficient water supply). 【Results】The results showed that: (1) Under the W2 level, the soil urease activity was the highest. Under the W1 level, the soil sucrase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities were the highest. (2) Compared with single cropping, intercropping can significantly increase soil enzyme activity. The soil enzyme activity of intercropping cotton is lower than that of jujube intercropping alfalfa, and jalfalfa intercropping can effectively increase soil enzyme activity. 【Conclusion】 Under the level of W1 (3,750 m3/hm2), the intercropping of alfalfa can effectively increase soil enzyme activity.

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Study on Diagnosis and prediction of Water Shortage of Mature Jujube in Aksu Based on Canopy-air Temperature Differential ZHENG Wen-qiang, YUE Chun-fang, CAO Wei 2019, 56(12): 2256-2262.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (873KB) ( )   【Objective】 In view of the problem that it is difficult to monitor accurately the water deficit of jujube in Aksu area, this paper aims to suggest that the canopy-air temperature differential is taken as the index of water deficit, which has certain guiding significance for the follow-up follow-up irrigation research of Aksu jujube. 【Method】The canopy-air temperature differential of jujube at different growth stages was measured by infrared thermometer, combined with the collected relative soil water content (RSW), crown net radiation value (Rn), wind speed (V), air temperature (Ta) and humidity (RH), the relationship between canopy-air temperature differential of jujube and soil moisture and meteorological factors were explored based on Penman's formula, and the canopy-air temperature differential corresponding to the upper limit of soil relative water content suitable for jujube trees in each growing period was taken as the judgment index of water deficit. 【Result】There was a single peak parabolic relationship on sunny days, and a multi-peak curve relationship on cloudy days, the absolute value of canopy-air temperature differential in cloudy days was significantly lower than that in sunny days,ΔT peak appears between 13:00 and 14:00; multivariate linear regression analysis of ΔT and RSW, Rn, V, Ta and RH shows that RSW and Rn were significantly correlated, but other factors were not significant; regression model expression considering RSW and Rn was ΔT=4.8-11.7RSW+0.003Rn, regression model expression considering RSW only was ΔT=5.5-12.2RSW .【Conclusion】The critical canopy-air temperature differential of jujube trees in Aksu area was -2.43℃ at germination and leaf development stages, -3.04℃at flowering and young fruit expansion stages, and -1.82℃ at fruit ripening stage, irrigation was needed when the measured canopy temperature difference was higher than the critical canopy-air temperature differential of the corresponding growth period on sunny days at 14:00 noontime.

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Recent Advances of Edible Coatings in Reservation of Fruits and Vegetables FU Yan-yan, MEI Chuang, WANG Yan-peng, WANG Ji-xun, LU Chun-sheng, YAN Peng, ZHANG Fu-chun, FENG Bei-bei 2019, 56(12): 2263-2274.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1144KB) ( )   【Objective】 The research progress of edible film/coating in fruits and vegetables was collected, sorted out and summarized, the effect of different coating materials was comprehensively analyzed, and the physiological indexes after harvest and storage were summarized in the hope of providing a reference for the wide range of application of edible coating in fruits and vegetables. 【Methods】By collecting and consulting relevant research literatures at home and abroad, agricultural and food official website information, combined with existing research results, we summarized and analyzed the data in the past ten years, and then we conducted statistics. 【Results】 The commonly used coatings for fruit and vegetable preservation currently included polysaccharide coatings (konjac glucomannan and chitosan), lipid coatings (wax and paraffin), protein coatings, composite coatings and other coating materials. Fruit and vegetable could enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, improve the antioxidant capacity and reduce the production of free radicals after coating treatment. What’s more, these treatments kept the quality and extended the storage time. For example, ‘Nanguo’ pear and strawberry treated by chitosan extended the storage period for 20 days and 12 days, respectively, and maintained the sensory quality at the same time. 【Conclusion】 At present, polysaccharide and lipid coatings are mainly used in the preservation of prosperous fruits such as blueberries, strawberries, grapes, and the fresh-cut fruits such as cantaloupe to prolong the storage period. The protein coatings are mainly used in meats (pork, fish, etc.) to maintain their quality.

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Study on Seed Content and Fertility of Different Jujube Varieties GAO Qiu-ling, WANG Zhen-lei, LIN Min-juan, WANG Jian-yu 2019, 56(12): 2275-2281.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1140KB) ( )   【Objective】 The seed content of jujube is one of the factors that affect the process of hybrid breeding. This project aims to select suitable female parent and speed up the process of hybrid breeding of jujube. 【Method】 From 2016 to 2018, 41 jujube cultivars were used as test materials to study the variation rules of kernel contents of the seeds, shrunken kernel rate, fertility and double kernel content, and also, the kernel contents of eight jujube varieties were compared with those of the original places and of Shandong Provinc. 【Result】 The results showed that among the jujube varieties, there were great differences in kernel content, shriveled kernel rate, fertility rate and double kernel rate. The kernel contents of the seeds was 0-143.33%, shrunken kernel rate was 0-60%, fertility was 0-140%, and double kernel rate was 0-43.33%. The coefficient of variation of fertility in 2016 was larger than that in 2017 and 2018; Through correlation analysis, we saw that the higher the kernel content, the higher the fertility rate and the double kernel rate. Compared with Shandong area, the kernel content of 8 jujube varieties in this area was 1.11%-56.42% higher than that in Shandong area. Cluster analysis showed that 19 varieties of Beibeixaiozao, Fengmiguan, Fucuimi, Gedacui, Hetaowen, Hengyangzhenzhu, Hongdayihao, Lejinsihao, Linxianshuituanzao, Luzaoshihao, Luzaoyihao, Luzaosihao, Luzaowuhao, Luzaojiuhao, Lucuizao, Rucuimi, Xiangzao, Yashi, Yuanlingerhao had high kernel content, high fertility rate and low shriveled kernel rate, which were suitable for selection as hybrid female parent. 【Conclusion】 The kernel content of jujube varieties varies greatly, and at the same time, different producing areas and year also have certain influence on the kernel content of jujube varieties. In the process of hybrid breeding, the varieties with high yield, high fertility and low shrunken kernel rate could be selected as the hybrid female parent according to the breeding objective.

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Study on Photosynthesis Response Characteristics in Different Parts of Walnut Main Branch Ring after Circumferential Peeling YU Xiao-e, OU Yuan, XU Ye-yong, HU Hai-fang, WANG Bao-qing, QI Cheng 2019, 56(12): 2282-2288.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1432KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the difference of light energy utilization between upper and lower walnut leaves after circumferential peeling of main branches of walnut in the hope of providing technical support for improving quality and increasing efficiency of walnut in Xinjiang. 【Methods】Three walnut trees with the same growth were circumcised in the lower part of the empty main branch of the inner hall, and the new branches were germinated for grafting. Three intact walnut trees were selected as control. The light response curves of walnut under 17 different light quantum flux densities were measured by Li-6400 portable photosynthetic analyzer. 【Result】The light response parameters of the upper and lower parts of the walnut main branch are not consistent with the optical response parameters of the unpeeled walnut leaves: the amax, lsp, lcp, rd of uncarved walnut leaves were all higher than those of the carved walnut leaves, and the AQY at the lower part of the bud was the largest, indicating the largest slope of the photosynthetic curve at the upper part of the bud in the weak light stage. the Gs, Tr, and Ci values of the leaves in the lower part of the cut bud were all higher than those in the upper part of the uncut bud and the cut bud. With the enhancement of PAR intensity, Tleaf also changed, and on the whole, the leaf temperature of the upper part of the bud engraving was the lowest. 【Conclusion】The results showed that the nutrition loss and photosynthesis were weak in the upper part of the circumferential peeling, but the new branches germinated in the lower part of the circumferential peeling had good growth and timely nutrition supplement, so they were suitable for grafting the new branches.

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Comparative Study on Cold Resistance of Different Hippophae rhamnoides L. Varieties in Xinjiang LI Yan-hong, Nuermaimaiti Aimeiti, Xiarepati Aizezi, Qiman Yunus 2019, 56(12): 2289-2295.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1321KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of low temperature treatment on the cold resistance of four Hippophae rhamnoides L. varieties and select the varieties with strong cold resistance in the hope of providing a reliable basis for the selection and planting of seabuckthorn cultivars in Xinjiang. 【Method】 The yearly branch of four Hippophae rhamnoides L. varieties (Liaojing, Altai News, Chuyi, Alei) in Qinghe County of Xinjiang were used as the testing materials to study the changes of free water/bound water ratio, conductivity, malondialdehyde content, soluble sugar and soluble protein content of Hippophae rhamnoides L. shoots at 10 - -40℃.【Result】Under the temperature of -20℃, the free water/bound water ratio, conductivity and malondialdehyde content of the four Hippophae rhamnoides L. branches increased with the decrease of temperature, and the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein decreased, and then increased with temperature. The free water/bound water ratio, conductivity and MDA content of Altai News and Chuyi Hippophae rhamnoides L. branches were relatively low throughout the process of low temperature change. 【Conclusion】 Altai News Hippophae rhamnoides L. had the best cold resistance, followed by Chuyi, Liaoyu and Aleyi, indicating Altai News was more suitable for planting in cold regions of Xinjiang.

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Accumulation Characteristics of Heavy Metal Elements Pb, Cd and Cr in Different Organs of Picea koraiensis LIU Li, Aliya Baidourela, ZHANG Chun-xi, HU Meng-ling 2019, 56(12): 2296-2303.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1281KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the absorption and accumulation law of heavy metal elements Cr, Pb and Cd in various organs of Picea koraiensis in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for further study on the accumulation mechanism of heavy metal elements in Picea koraiensis. 【Method】The contents of Cr, Pb and Cd in different organs (including leaves, branches, bark and roots) of Picea koraiensis near expressway (pollution point) and school road (control point) were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. The accumulation and pollution index of three heavy metals in organs of Picea koraiensis and their distribution ratio were also analyzed. 【Result】The cumulative amount and pollution index and their distribution ratio of three heavy metals in pollution point varied significantly with organs and elements. In general, the contents of heavy metal elements in the organs of the pollution point were higher than those of the control points and the difference was significant (P<0.05);The content of heavy metal elements in each organ was: Cr>Pb>Cd; There were differences in the contents of heavy metals in different organs, Pb and Cr were the highest in the bark, and Cd was the highest in the roots. The accumulation of heavy metal elements and their distribution ratio: Pb was the highest in the bark, Cd was the highest in the branches (facing the expressway), and Cr was the highest in the leaves (facing the expressway). Heavy metal pollution index and its distribution ratio: Pb and Cr were highest in leaves (back to expressway), and Cd was highest in branches (facing expressway).【Conclusion】 The results showed that all organs of Picea koraiensis had a certain ability to absorb heavy metals, and the ability of bark and leaf to absorb heavy metals was obviously higher than other organs.

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Prevention and Control of Replanted Muskmelon Virus Disease by Fly Net and Pathogens Identified by RT-PCR MAO Jian-cai , WANG Hao-jie , LI Jun-hua , ZHAI Wen-qiang 2019, 56(12): 2304-2311.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1268KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the setting rate, fruit quality and commodity rate of the small arched shed overlaying network for prevention and treatment of late autumn replanted muskmelon virus disease in Kashgar region, identify the pathogen causing late autumn replanted muskmelon virus disease, and evaluate the resistance of breeding materials. 【Methods】The pest control net was removed in different periods, and the disease index of each community was calculated. RT-PCR was used to identify the infectious agents of replanted muskmelon virus disease. The disease resistance of the selected materials was identified which laid a good foundation for virus disease resistance breeding.【Results】The best time to remove the pest control nets in each community was before and after August 1, and the lowest disease index of the treatment community was 25,79, with an average number of results per plant was 3.1, the commodity rate was 79.3%, and the average sugar content in the fruit center was 15.8%. WMV, CMV and ZYMV were the main viruses that infected melon in late autumn in Kashgar area. The results of disease resistance identification showed that most of the selected materials were susceptible to disease, with only K-1 performing well and the disease index was 7.22, which provided material basis for the subsequent disease resistance breeding. 【Conclusion】The small arched shed overlaying technology can effectively prevent and control the late autumn replanted muskmelon virus disease in Kashgar region, and ensure the melon yield and quality. A virus-resistant material K-1 was screened, which provided a material basis for subsequent disease-resistant breeding.

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Optimization of Silver Staining Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Technology System WANG Lu-lu, LIU Xin-ting, ZHOU Tao, WANG Juan, JIA Dong-hai, LI Qiang, HOU Xian-fei, SHI Bi-xian, GU Yuan-guo, LAN Hai-yan 2019, 56(12): 2312-2319.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1562KB) ( )   【Objective】 In the present study, the problems of gel background was too dark, band smear, the gel was distorted and DNA bands were bent in silver staining PAGE experiments were summarized and the method was optimized. 【Method】Genomic DNA of Brassica napus L. was employed as material, the reagent dosage and experimental conditions of PAGE electrophoresis and silver staining technique were adjusted to obtain the best effects. 【Result】Results showed that the staining effects were interfered by different factors, e.g. methanol concentration, voltage stability, electrophoresis temperature, bubbles trapped in gel and other issues. When methanol concentration was too high (1.25%), the gel background was too dark although staining in short time; if it was too low (0.001 25%), gel background was light but DNA bands were light too, and much longer time was needed to complete staining; unstable voltage could result in bands smear; when the electrophoresis temperature was too high, the gel was distorted and DNA bands were bent; bubbles in gel could disturb the shape of DNA bands. However, there was no significant difference in staining effect by adjusting NaOH concentration from 0.875% to 1.375%.【Conclusion】A modified silver staining PAGE method was concluded, which was improved as: 4 mL methanol (1%), stable voltage, electrophoresis in ice bath, and driving all bubbles in time in experimental system, and then a clear background with smooth, distinct bands could be obtained.

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Tissue Expression and Bioinformatics Predictive Analysis of WNT2 Gene in Subo Merino Sheep during Embryonic Stage YANG Xue-mei, FANG Xue, TIAN Ke-chuan, HUANG Xi-xia, ZHU Hua, Ablat Sulayman , CHEN Hua-feng, HE Jun-min, ZHAO Bing-ru, XU Xin-ming, FU Xue-feng, TIAN Yue-zhen, WU Wei-wei, Hanilazi Tulapu , DU Jian-wen 2019, 56(12): 2320-2328.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1534KB) ( )   【Objective】 To detect the expression level of WNT2 gene in different tissues of Summerino sheep embryo stage and the molecular structure and evolution characteristics of WNT2 gene in the hope of providing theoretical basis for screening candidate genes related to hair follicles development in this paper.【Methods】In this study, the expression of the WNT2 gene in different tissues of the hair follicle of the Merino sheep was studied by qRT-PCR, and the transcription factor of the promoter region of the WNT2 gene was predicted by using the PROMO software, and visualized by the software of Cytscape v3.5.1. The promoter region sequence of WNT2 gene was analyzed by MEGA 7.0 software, and the preference of the codon was analyzed, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the DNA sequence of the WNT2 gene of 9 species, such as sheep, goat, cattle and human.【Results】The results showed that the expression of WNT2 gene in skin tissue was significantly higher than that in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and muscle tissue. A total of 101 related transcription factors were predicted in the promoter region of sheep WNT2 gene, and four bases were uniformly distributed. CAG and UCU used relatively many codon. The phylogenetic tree analysis of DNA sequence of WNT2 gene showed that the evolutionary relationship between goat and sheep was closer than that of other mammals.【Conclusion】 In this experiment, the RT-PCR method of WNT2 gene expression in different tissues of the 135-day embryo stage of Subo Meino sheep was established and its molecular structure and evolution characteristics were analyzed by using bioinformatics software. The internal relationship between the expression of the tissue organ and the WNT2 gene was discussed from the molecular level and the evolutionary character.

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Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Animal Brucellosis in Xinjiang MA Xiao-jing, YE Feng, LIU Li-ya, LIU Shuai, XIE Cai-yun, GU Wen-xi, ZHONG Qi, MA Jun-jie, YI Xin-ping 2019, 56(12): 2329-2335.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1235KB) ( )   【Objective】 To master the molecular epidemiological characteristics of animal Brucellosis between the animals in Xinjiang in the hope of providing scientific basis and technical support for the development of comprehensive prevention and control measures of the disease in Xinjiang. 【Method】30 strains were analyzed by AMOS-PCR and MLVA-16 and then comparative analysis was conducted between our results and Brucella from database(http://mlva.u-psud.fr/). After that, a phylogenetic tree was constructed by BioNumerics 6.6. 【Result】Among 30 Brucella strains, 3 strains were identified as Brucella burtus, and 26 strains were identified as Brucella melitensis. The result of MLVA-16 showed that 30 Brucella strains were divided into 22 genotypes of 10 different gene groups (A - J group). The prevalent strains had abundant polymorphism in Xinjiang. 【Conclusion】Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis (MLVA ) has high discriminability for biotype and difference strains of Brucella. It provides scientific basis for tracing the source of infection and the evolutionary relationship between the epidemic strains.

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Correlation among Yili Horse Gait Feature and Body Angle in 1,000 m Tort Training Race MENG Jun, WNAG Jian-wen, KONG Qi-sen, ZENG Ya-qi, LI Lin-ling, ZHANG Ya-ang, REN Wan-lu, WANG Chuan-kun, JIANG Wen-dong, YAO Xin-kui 2019, 56(12): 2336-2344.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1034KB) ( )   【Objective】 This experiment aims to analyze the influence of body angle on gait features, and provide data reference for training of trotter horses.【Method】8 adult Yili horses were selected as experiment objects to organize the tort training race. Kwon3D software was used to determine the gait features and body angle parameters during movement, and the correlation analysis was carried out.【Results】The results showed that in the 1,000 m tort training race of Yili horse, the frequency in curve was significantly higher than that in straightaway (P<0.05), the high index of forehoof in curve was significantly higher than that in straightaway (P<0.01), the minimum shoulder angle in curve was significantly lower than that in straightaway (P<0.01), and the maximum stifle angle was positively correlated with the high index of hindhoof in curve (P<0.01). The maximum tarsus angle was positively correlated with period velocity and stride index of hindhoof (P<0.05). The maximum shoulder angle was positively correlated with stride index of forehoof, stride and stride index (P<0.01). The minimum front fetlock angle was negatively correlated with the high index of hindhoof (P<0.01). The maximum back fetlock angle was positively correlated with the high index of forehoof and high index of hindhoof in straightaway (P<0.05), the minimum stifle angle was positively correlated with the frequency (P<0.01), and the minimum elbow angle was negatively correlated with the high index of forehoof (P<0.01).【Conclusion】In summary, there is an extremely significant or significant correlation between the body angle and gait features in the 1,000 m tort training race of Yili horse. In the process of training, specific body angle training can be carried out to improve the movement performance.

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Relationship of Muscle Fiber Characteristics with Meat Quality and Its Breed and Sex Differences in Pigs OU Xiu-qiong, LI Xing, ZHONG Zheng-ze 2019, 56(12): 2345-2352.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.12.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1047KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this article is to understand the relationship of muscle fiber characteristics with meat quality and its breed and sex differences in pigs by collecting and analyzing the relative references. 【Result】①The formation of muscle fibers is a very complex biological process. The number, size and type of muscle fibers are the basic characteristics of muscle fibers. ②At present, the most commonly used classification method of muscle fibers is based on the polymorphic expression of MyHC gene in muscle fibers. ③Before birth, MyHC isomers were expressed in the order of embryonic, fetal and mature stages . After birth, the muscle fiber types were transformed into each other. ④Different types of muscle fibers can influence muscle color, pH, water hold capacity and so on because of their different metabolic characteristics. The size and density of muscle fiber also affect muscle quality because they are closely related to the type of muscle fiber. ⑤Different breeds of pigs show different muscle quality because of their different muscle fiber characteristics. The characteristics of muscle fibers are different between the sexes in order to adapt to their own growth and physiological needs.【Conclusion】The characteristics of muscle fiber in pigs directly affect the meat quality. Because of the various breeds and sexes, the formation of muscle fiber characteristics is different, which shows muscle quality is different.