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    25 September 2017, Volume 54 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    Evaluation of Seed Germination of Main-cultivated Cotton under Low Temperature in Northern Xinjiang in Recent Ten Years
    XU Jian-wei, ZHANG Chen, ZENG Xiao-yan, ZHANG Xiao-jun, LI Zhi-bo, WEI Yi-nong
    2017, 54(9): 1569-1578.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.001
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1282KB) ( )  
    Objective】 In order to understand the effect of low temperature on seed germination and to explore the suitable methods for identifying chilling tolerance of cotton seeds.【Method】Some mainly-cultivated cottons were selected as the experimental materials in northern Xinjiang in recent ten years, responses of seed germination characteristics to different temperature were studied, and their germination abilities were also evaluated using germination parameters and relative germination parameters (cold tolerance coefficient)according to subordinative function method under low temperature, respectively.【Result】With the increase of stress, the germination ability of cotton seeds was significantly inhibited, the average seed germination rate decreased with the increase of the temperature, and other indexes of germination were significantly higher with the increase of the temperature. The cold resistant germination ability of cotton seeds was positively correlated with the tested germination index. At the same low temperature, two kinds of subordinate function method showed a good agreement on the seed germination ability at low temperature, but the germination rate of cotton seed under different low temperature was different. The seed germination of Zhongmiansuo No.36 and Xinluzao No.46 had a high chilling-tolerance at 15℃, and at 25℃, those with high chilling tolerance were Xinluzao No.25, Xinluzao No.42, Xinluzao No.36, Xinluzhong No.26, Zhongmiansuo No.36, Xinluzao No.41 and Xinluzao No.35. Except for the average germination speed, the relationship among others germination parameters and seed germination ability was significantly correlated. The identification model for cold resistant cotton seed germination under low temperature was established by stepwise regression method: Y=0.01+0.022* GI (germination index) (R2=0.998) at 15℃; Y=-0.046+0.002* GR (germination rate) +0.005* SGC (Seed germination coefficient) (R2=0.992) at 12℃. 【Conclusion】The seed of Zhongmiansuo NO.36 and Xinluzao NO.46 had a high chilling tolerance at the seed germination stage. The germination index of fuzzy membership function method can be effectively used for the identification and evaluation of cold tolerance based on cotton seed germination.
    Research and Identification of the Morphological Indices of Topping-free Cotton's Germplasm Resources
    MA Xiao-mei, LI Bao-cheng , ZHOU Xiao-feng, DONG Chen-guang, WANG Xin, LI Sheng-xiu
    2017, 54(9): 1579-1586.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.002
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1543KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To study the phenotypic traits of the germplasm resources of the cotton with particular features. The results might provide references for future plant shaping, non manual chemical control topping and cotton varieties that are suitable for machine harvesting.【Method】Through field cultivation and fixed point observation, the research studied the plant morphology of sicot75 throughout its growth duration under the condition of no chemical control topping. The collected data were then analyzed and compared.【Result】Without chemical control the differences were not significant between the height of first fruiting branch, node of first fruiting branch, number of sympodials and number of nodes to the indices after the treatment. For the chemical control group, a significant difference was shown between the initial plant height and the plant height after the treatment. The difference, however, met the requirements of machine harvesting.【Conclusion】Partial morphological indices of sicot75 are not sensitive to mepiquat chloride, and the plant height is stable under the condition of no chemical control. This feature, used as an important germplasm resource, provides an effective resource reserved for cultivating topping-free cotton varieties with suitable plant type and high stability in terms of plant height.
    Effects of Nitrogen Dressing Rate on the Yield and Grain Protein Content of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation
    ZHANG Yong-qiang, CHENG Xing-wu, Sailihan Sai, XUE Li-hua, LIANG Yu-chao, LEI Jun-jie
    2017, 54(9): 1587-1594.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.003
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1174KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To reveal the regulation effects of nitrogen application on yield, protein content and its components of winter wheat under drip irrigation.【Method】Using Xindong 18 as the test material, influences of top dressed nitrogen by five methods on nitrogen content of grain, protein content and its component and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation were studied in the conditions of nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm2.【Result】The results showed that, with no nitrogen application at the setting stage, the yield and quality of grain were all decreased under the circumstance of heavy nitrogen application at the booting stage (F1 treatment) or flowering (F2 treatment) once, or equipartition of nitrogen at booting and flowering (F4 treatment). Although the yield and quality of winter wheat under the whole course fertilization, by reducing the nitrogen application at the jointing stage (F5 treatment) was superior to that of the above-mentioned fertilization methods, it still inferior to the treatment which with heavy nitrogen application at jointing while no fertilization at booting (F5 treatment). Besides, the yield, nitrogen content and protein content of grain and globulin all presented a trend of F3>F5>F4>F2>F1, with the highest yield of 7,820.10 kg/hm2, F3 treatment was higher 14.94%, 12.92%, 7.84% and 5.23% than treatments F1, F2, F4 and F5. Both the value of glutenin /prolamin and albumin were also highest at F3 treatment, the grain alcohol ratio was 1.70, which was significantly higher than other treatments. Although there was no significant difference in albumin compared with F5 and F4, but it was significantly higher than F1 and F2 treatment.【Conclusion】ll indexes comprehensively considered, it is suggested that the topdressing period and amount of nitrogen should be 41.1 kg/hm2 at the setting stage, 123.3 kg/hm2 at the jointing stage and 41.1 kg/hm2 at the anthesis stage of drip irrigation winter wheat that had similar circumstance with our experimental plot.
    Distribution of 13 Rice Blast Resistance Genes from Bred Varieties in Xinjiang
    ZHANG Yan-hong, JIA Chun-ping, WEN Xiao-rong, TANG Fu-sen, WANG Feng-bin, ZHU Xiao-xia
    2017, 54(9): 1595-1605.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.004
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1186KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To make clear the distribution situation of rice blast resistance genes from the main bred rice varieties in Xinjiang and provide the basis for rice blast resistance breeding.【Method】In this study, 31 Xinjiang bred rice varieties were taken as materials, specific molecular markers of 13 rice blast resistance genes were used to carry out PCR identification, thus preliminarily establishing the distribution situation of resistance genes from Xinjiang main bred varieties.【Result】There were no Pi21 genes in all the test materials; The proportion of Pi9, Pita, Pib and Pikm were less, which belong to broad spectrum resistance genes, accounting for 9.68%, 22.58%, 6.45% and 12.90%, respectively. However, Pi2, Pigm, Pil, Pikh/Pi54 and Pi63 that belong to broad spectrum resistance genes and Pia, Pid2, Pid3/Pi25 that belong to physiological races specific resistance genes, all existed widely between 67.74% and 100%. The number of blast resistance genes in different varieties were between 5 and 11. Xindao 23 contained 11blast resistance genes that polymerized all blast resistance genes except for Pi21 and Pid2.【ConclusionPi2, Pigm, Pil, Pikh/Pi54 and Pi63 that belong to broad spectrum blast resistance genes and Pia, Pid2 and Pid3/Pi25 that belong to physiological races specific resistance genes were widely spread in partial bred rice varieties in Xinjiang. The presence and distribution situation of blast resistance genes in varieties can be identified rapidly and efficiently by using specific molecular markers.
    Expression Analysis of ZmCDPK9 Gene in Maize under Abiotic Stress
    Zumuremu Turxun, CHENG Xun-ji, CHEN Guo, LI Jian-ping, HAO Xiao-yan, HUANG Quan-sheng
    2017, 54(9): 1606-1612.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.005
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1391KB) ( )  
    Objective】 Calcium dependent proteinkinases (CPKs), a kind of serine/threonine protein kinases, are only found in plants and lower animals. Ca2+, as a second messenger, plays important roles in various aspects of plant physiology and is involved in many cellular processes. The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamic expression of ZmCPK9 gene in seedling stage under different stress conditions and to lay the foundation for further analysis of the function and mechanism of this gene in maize adverse stress response.【MethodZmCPK9 gene sequence features were analyzed by using bioinformatics methods, and the expression characteristics of ZmCPK9 under drought, low temperature, salt and ABA stress were analyzed by real-time PCR technique. 【Result】The sequence analysis showed that ZmCPK9 had a length of 1,548 bp in the genome, encoding 515 aminoacids residues. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the protein sequence and structure of the ZmCPK9 gene were as conservative as those of other species, the CPK gene. Real-time PCR analysis discovered that the expression of ZmCPK9 was up-regulated by ABA, cold, drought and salt stress, respectively. 【ConclusionZmCPK9 is a new member in corn CPKs gene family in maize. The gene is involved in signal transduction regulation under the condition of drought, low temperature, salt, and ABA stress. We speculate ZmCPK9 has a certain role in plant defense under abiotic stress.
    Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Salt-tolerance of PsaH Gene from Salicornia europaea
    HAO Xiao-yan, LI Jian-ping, Zumuremu Turxun, GAO Sheng-qi, HUANG Quan-sheng
    2017, 54(9): 1613-1620.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.006
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1570KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To clone a novel PsaH gene from Salicornia europaea, and analyze its biological information for better understanding its role in function of salt-tolerance.【MethodSalicornia europaea was used as the plant material to clone the full-length cDNA sequence of SePsaH by RT-PCR. The encoding region and amino acid sequence of PsaH gene, and the structure and function of protein encoded by protein were analyzed by NCBI, MEGA and Expasy and other online Bioinformatics bioinformatics software for SePsaH gene.【Result】 Full-length cDNA sequence encoding photosystem I reaction center subunit H was cloned from Salicornia europaea and designated by the name of SePsaH, which was an opening reading frame of 438bp encoding 145 amino acids. The putative protein molecular weight was 15.3kD and its theoretical isoelectric points was 9.84, SePsaH was a hydrophilic protein; Phylogenetic analysis showed that SePsaH gene and Spinacia oleracea were closely related; Through the conservative analysis of the protein, we found that there were 4 conserved domain structures.【ConclusionSePsaH gene was cloned, which has laid the foundation for further study on the gene function and the role in salt-tolerance of Salicornia europaea.
    Using SRAP Markers for Rapid Detection of Zaojia(84-24) Watermelon Hybrid Seed Purity
    HAN Hong-wei, WANG Hao, SHE Jian-hua, WANG Qiang, ZHUANG Hong-mei, LIU Hui-fang, LI Ning
    2017, 54(9): 1621-1626.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.007
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1199KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To screen out one SRAP marker to detect seed purity,the watermelon hybrids of Zaojia (84-24) and its paternal and female lines were used to study the polymorphorrism of amplifiable spectral bands.【Method】Polymorphic primer pairs were selected from 28 SRAP primer pairs for Zaojia (84-24) hybrids and their parents in this experiment. The SRAP primers with good polymorphism, clear bands and stable primers were selected as candidate markers, and the purity of the 100 hybrid seeds was tested and verified.【Result】The results showed that 28 pairs of primers had 22 pairs of primers, and polymorphic bands were amplified between F1 and its parents. The ratio of polymorphism was 78.6%, among which, there was only one pair of complementary type SRAP primer(Me6F/ Em2R)with male display and lack of female parent, The result showed the purity of hybrid seeds was 99.0%, which was basically the same as the field morphological identification (99.1%).【Conclusion】SRAP primer (Me6F/Em2R), in combination with Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis can be used to detect the purity of Zaojia (84-24) hybrid seed rapidly and accurately. There is a great prospect of application in using this method.
    Morphological Observation on Xinjiang Wild Muskmelons and Study on Cross Compatibility between Them and Different Varieties in Cucumis melo L.
    LI Mei-hua, FAN Guo-quan, YANG Yong, WANG Guang-zhi, ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Xue-jun, YI Hong-ping, ZHANG Yong-bing
    2017, 54(9): 1627-1635.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.008
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1202KB) ( )  
    Objective】 Through morphological observation, identification and cross compatibility between wild muskmelon and varieties in Cucumis melo L. this project aims to provide a support for the classification of wild muskmelons in Xinjiang and the genetic base of melon cultivars.【Method】Twenty-eight traits of leaf, stem, flower and fruit of Xinjiang wild melon were observed and compared with local landraces, and the disease resistance of wild melon in Xinjiang to 2 fungi diseases: gummy stem blight (GSB) and powdery mildew was identified by inoculation technique at the seedling stage. Meanwhile, cross compatibility between Xinjiang wild melon and 8 varieties, in which 5 were included in ssp. agrestis, var. agrestis, var. conomon, var. dudaim, var. chito and var. momordica, and 3 were included in ssp. melo, var. cantalupensis, var. inodorus and var. flexuosus were analyzed, by the way of recording on fruit-setting and seed-setting rate of combinations after artificial pollination.【Result】Results obtained showed that most morphological traits of 'Hami wild' were distinct from the local cultivated control, but traits of 'Turpan wild' were similar to the control. 'Hami wild' was highly resistant to GSB but susceptible to PM, while 'Turpan wild' was susceptible or highly susceptible to GSB and PM after inoculation at seedling stage. Infertility of hybrids and incompatibility were not observed among any combinations between Xinjiang wild melon and 8 varieties. Except var. agrestis and chito, the seed-setting rate between reciprocal crosses was found differentially among combinations between Xinjiang wild melon and 8 varieties, which higher seed-setting rate was detected when Xinjiang wild melon was used as female parent. Furthermore, the seed-setting rate between 'Hami wild' and 2 subspecies, ssp. agrestis and ssp. melo, were 79.3% and 83.4%, respectively; and the seed-setting rate between 'Turpan wild' and 2 subspecies were 76.1% and 79.4%, respectively, which indicated that seed-setting rate exhibited small differences between combinations of Xinjiang wild melon with ssp. agrestis and with ssp. melo. 【Conclusion】Morphological traits observed in 'Hami wild' looked like that of feral or weedy melon in ssp. agrestis, however, 'Turpan wild' showed affinities with local landraces. 'Hami wild' was highly resistant to GSB after screening in seedlings. Xinjiang wild melon could be classified into C. melo, because of fertility of hybrids and compatibility were detected between wild melon and 2 subspecies, ssp. agrestis, ssp. melo.
    Effects of Etiolation Coppice Shoot Cutting Environment on Rooting of Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ×Corylus avellana L.
    TIAN Xue-lin, SONG Feng-hui, Gulimire Kakeshi, SHI Yan-jiang, Mahemuti Abulaiti, LI Jia-cheng, ZHANG Jin
    2017, 54(9): 1636-1643.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.009
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1268KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To study etiolation coppice shoot cutting suitable environment and management of Corylus heterophylla Fisch ×Corylus avellana L. in the hope of providing theoretical basis for simplifying cutting environment and field management.【Method】In this study, variance analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyze the differences among the indexes such as shoot growth, root growth and root quality of the seedlings under 3 environments.【Result】There were differences in growth and root indexes in different environments; Under 3 environmental conditions, chlorophyll content and root system index were best in plastic greenhouse (A), followed by hazelnut demonstration garden (B), and pecan trees between rows (C) were lowest, which showed that cutting management mode had a great effect on root growth. Because of the sufficient illumination of B environment, the comprehensive root index was higher than that of C, but C environment had higher rooting rate and faster branch growth. This could be seen that the increase of soil moisture could promote the growth of cuttings in the medium stage soil moisture; in addition to that, soil fertility could also affect root growth. Furthermore, compared softwood cuttings with etiolation coppice shoot management complexity reduced 50%, and the root growth rate, rooting rate and root quality were improved.【Conclusion】The results preliminary responded to the importance of etiolation coppice shoot cutting environment and management model. In view of the future production work, we should take the whole artificial arch shed (A) as reference, strictly control the temperature and humidity in the early stages, and gradually increase the contact surface with the external environment, greatly reduce the management complexity of a yellow bud for the future cutting work in the late stage.
    Study and Evaluation of the Nutrition Quality of 15 Components in Hui Jujube in Xinjiang
    HE Wei-zhong, WANG Cheng, ZHUANG Yu, TAO Yong-xia, ZHANG Hong-yan, CHENG He, ZHAO Xin-xin, ZHU Jing-rong
    2017, 54(9): 1644-1650.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.010
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1078KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To determine the nutritional quality of 15 components of Xinjiang hui jujube.【Method】In this paper, the hui jujube produced in 7 counties and cities of Xinjiang were taken as the test materials. Based on the test and analysis of the 15 components of the tested materials, the nutritional quality of the components was evaluated by means of INQ (nutritional quality index).【Result】The results showed that the INQ of Fe,Zn,Ca,Mg,VB1, protein, fat, fiber, P were all less than 1; the INQ of carbohydrate was between 1.56 to 1.58; the INQ of Cu, Se were all higher than 1, the INQ of some tested samples were higher than 2; the INQ of VB2 and K were all higher than 2.【Conclusion】Therefore, it can be concluded that Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, VB1, protein, fat, fiber, P are the nutrients that need to be improved in the development of new products of Xinjiang hui jujube; The content of Cu, Se in hui jujube in Xinjiang was sufficient, and the hui jujube from some producing areas was good source of Cu, Se, as well as a good source of VB2 and K.
    The Correlation between Diseased Level of Jujube Black Spot and Nutrient Content of Jun Jujube Fruit under Different Cultivation Patterns
    BAI Jian-yu, SONG Feng-hui, WU Zheng-bao, LIU Zheng-xing, CUI Yan-hua, SHI Yan-jiang
    2017, 54(9): 1651-1658.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.011
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1165KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To study the relationship between jujube cultivation pattern and diseased level of jujube black spot, and correlation between the different diseased levels and changes of the fruit nutrient content and provide a theoretical basis for transformation and upgrading of the quality and effectiveness of jujube industry in Southern Xinjiang.【Method】Three kinds of different cultivation patterns of jun jujube were selected as the research object to establish the classification standard of jujube black spot and the incidence and diseased index were counted; The content of 10 kinds of main nutrients of jujube fruit were determinated using anthrone colorimetry, acid-base titration and spectrophotometry method etc., respectively, and a simple regression analysis was carried out using SPSS software.【Result】There are differences between the 3 cultivation modes of jujube black spot disease incidence and disease index and the content of total acid was positively correlated with the diseased grades of jujube black spot, and the rest was negatively related to 9 kinds of nutrients and jujube black spot disease level.【Conclusion】The bigger planting density of jujube, the more serious the diseased degree of jujube black, and different disease levels jujube black spot all could decrease the quality of jujube fruit.
    Effects of Sowing Date on Arthropod Community Structure in Fresh Corn Fields in Northern Xinjiang
    YIN Peng, DING Xin-hua, FU Kai-yun, Tursun Ahmat, HE Jiang, Talim Zeynelbek, Maryam Mamat, Tawakul Osman, GUO Wen-chao, LIU Wen
    2017, 54(9): 1659-1669.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.012
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1568KB) ( )  
    Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sowing date on arthropod community structure in fresh corn field so as to provide guidance for rational selection of sowing dates and scientific utilization of natural enemy insects to realize natural regulation of insect communities.【Method】The community structure characteristics of arthropod community in corn fields were determined by net capture method and visual method at six sowing dates (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6).【Result】The survey received 11,628 arthropod animal heads, which belonged to 3 classes, 13 orders and 42 families, 66 genera and 71 species; the sowing period total species number (S), total individual number (N) and the number of dominant species of natural enemies of individual differences were not significant (P>0.05), but there are significant differences between occurrence quantity of dominant pests of corn borer (P<0.05). The T1 and T2 in early sowing 100 strain and damage rate were significantly greater than the late sowing (T5, T6) (P<0.05). In the community index, the evenness index and diversity index of T1 and T2 were the lowest, and the dominant concentration index was the highest, and the community was the most unstable. The occurrence of a large number of corn borer and corn three spot leafhoppers resulted in significant changes of arthropod community index in maize field, and was a major factor affecting community stability. Community structure similarity indicated that the community structure between T1 and T2, T3 and T4, T5 and T6 was the very similar, and the same control strategy could be adopted in the prevention and control of major pests.【Conclusion】The delaying of sowing date had little influence on the natural enemies and neutral insects in fresh corn fields,but the peak time of corn borer damage rate and the amount of larvae per plant decreased with the delay of sowing time decreased, compared with the April 16th planting corn fields, larvae per 100 plants in May 9th, May 15th, April 21st, May 24th, June 1st of the first and second generation corn borer occurrence period were reduced by 62.16% and 5.87%, 70.18% and 23.10%, 81.62% and 29.44%, 100% and 51.19%, 100% and 51.90%, 23% and 3.80%, reduce the damage rate of 26.20% and 16.20%, 37% and 30.6%, 30.20% and 23%, 37% and 37%. Therefore, in order to reduce the damage of field corn borer, it is suggested that the best sowing time for fresh corn in northern Xinjiang is from early May to mid May.
    Preliminary Report on Over-summering of Stripe Rust and Wheat Powdery Mildew in Xinjiang
    GAO Hai-feng, BAI Wei-wei, CHEN Li, YANG An-pei, ZHANG Hang, LEI Jun-jie, HUANG Tian-rong, LI Guang-kuo, WANG Suo-lao
    2017, 54(9): 1670-1678.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.013
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1184KB) ( )  
    Objective】 Through the investigation and study of the occurrence of wheat stripe rust and wheat powdery mildew on volunteer seedlings in different altitude wheat fields in Xinjiang, the project aims to explore the diseases in over-summering areas.【Method】The method of randomized block experiment was used to investigate and analyze the occurrence of stripe rust and powdery mildew in frequently-happening wheat fields at different altitudes.【Result】The results showed that wheat stripe rust and wheat powdery mildew could survive summer on the volunteer seedlings at the altitudes of 669-1,875 m in Yili prefecture. Wheat powdery mildew could live over-summer on the volunteer seedlings at the altitudes of 1,308-1,916.2 m in Kashi prefecture. Wheat powdery mildew could over-summer on the volunteer seedlings at the altitudes of 770-1,145 m in Changji prefecture. However, the wheat stripe rust were not found in Kashi and Changji prefecture.【Conclusion】Wheat powdery mildew could survive summer in Yili, Kashi and Changji prefecture. The over-summering spores of wheat stripe rust were found in Yili River Valley at different altitudes. However, the over-summering spores of wheat stripe rust were not found in Kashi and Changji prefecture.
    Investigation into Wheat Stripe Rust Pathogen in the Valley of Yili River of Xinjiang, China
    LI Wei-hua, LIU Tai-guo, GAO Hai-feng, LIU Bo, WU Wei, LI Ning-jing, GAO Li, CHEN Wan-quan
    2017, 54(9): 1679-1687.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.014
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1523KB) ( )  
    Objective】 The purpose of this project is to investigate the rust-infected Berberisheteropoda Schneid in spring wheat in order to accumulate data on the genetic diversity and virulence variation of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) population in Xinyuan of Xinjiang and the control of wheat stripe rust in China in the future.【Method】The race analysis was carried out with Chinese differentials for Pst from Xinyuan populations in 2013-2015. We also identified the species of B. heteropoda Schneid, extracted the DNA from aeciospores and PCR reactions were amplified.【Result】In Xinyuan, the main pathotypes were Hybrid46 group at a rate of 31.25%, Suwon 11 group at a rate of 22.92%, Guinong 22 group at a rate of 18.75%, Zhong 4 group at a rate of 6.25% and unclassified group at a rate of 20.83%. Aecia on B. heteropoda Schneid were identified at a rate of 4.7%-5.7% by PCR detection with specific molecular marker of Pst.【Conclusion】The pathotypes of Xinyuan populations consisted of Hybrid 46 group, Suwon 11 group, Guinong 22 group and other undesignated races. Aecia of Pst on B. heteropoda Schneid was identified at a rate of 4.7%-5.7% by PCR amplifications with molecular marker specific to Pst.
    Distribution of Simulium maculatum in Irtysh River Drainage Basin and Potential Distribution Area in Xinjiang
    HONG Bo, HUANG Min, HU Zu-qing , LI Chao
    2017, 54(9): 1688-1696.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.015
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1519KB) ( )  
    Objective】 This study aims at clarifying the division of different suitable areas and affecting factors of Simulium maculatum in Xinjiang and providing a scientific basis for the development of monitoring-forecast models and comprehensive prevention and control technology.【Method】The population dynamic of Simulium maculatum was investigated at 12 sites of seven counties in Irtysh river basin from June to July in 2003. The potential distribution area of Simulium maculatum in Xinjiang was predicted by MaxEnt model.【ResultSimulium maculatum was widespread in Irtysh river basin, the population increased from upstream to downstream along the river. The high-risk areas of Simulium maculatum in Xinjiang were mainly distributed in Altay, Changji, Tacheng and Bortala Region. The AUC values of training data sets and test data sets were 0.974,9 and 0.952,7, respectively. The results showed that prediction accuracy was higher.【Conclusion】The high suitable area of Simulium maculatum is mainly distributed in the northern Xinjiang, accounting for 4.33% of the total area. Annual maximum temperature, annual minimum temperature, annual mean temperature and annual amount of frost were the main environmental variables that affected the distribution of Simulium maculatum in Xinjiang.
    Study on the Physicochemical Index Variation of the Sweet Sorghum Fermented Grains Mixed with Stalks
    YUE Li, TU Zhen-dong, WANG Hui, Shanqimike, YE Kai
    2017, 54(9): 1697-1706.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.016
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1408KB) ( )  
    Objective】 The purpose of this study is to make clear the temperature, humidity change characteristics and the physical and chemical index of the sweet sorghum fermented grains and understand the correlation between the factors.【Method】Using the whole plant (including spike) of sweet sorghum as raw materials for solid state fermentation, timing sampling and analysis the fermented grains temperature,moisture content, alcohol, total sugar, reducing sugar, protein, acidity. The correlation between alcohol and physical and chemical indexes was analyzed by SPSS software.【Result】The temperature of all parts of pits were different, the fermented grains temperature was: upper > middle > lower,and the upper fermented grains heating and cooling process went on more smoothly than the middle and lower parts. The fermented grains humidity center area changed more slowly than the surrounding areas. Change characteristics of region and its surrounding regions with a layer of fermentation of fermented grains temperature center was different. The same layer center area and the surrounding area fermented grains temperatures were different, and changes in central area of fermented grains temperature was relatively slow. The humidity of fermentation increased by 10%rh,the fermented grains humidity was: lower > middle > upper,centre of fermented grains humidity changed more slowly than the surrounding area. Fermented grains physical and chemical index change rule was: ① The alcohol content increased first and then decreased, and at the time of 156 h it reached the highest value 12.5%; ② The content of total sugar and reducing sugar decreased rapidly and stabilized gradually after sixth days; ③ After fermentation, protein content increased from 5.1% to 8.6%, which was increased by 68.5%.【Conclusion】Based on the variation process of fermentation of sweet sorghum grain and stalk physicochemical index, the appropriate pit distillation time is selected, which can effectively improve the yield of ethanol. The production of ethanol from sweet sorghum grain and stalk in solid state fermentation not only realizes the energy conversion of sweet sorghum, but also improves the nutritional value of sweet sorghum fermentation residue as feed.
    Investigation and Analysis of Natural Benzoic Acid Content of Jujube in Different Production Areas
    ZHOU Xiao-ming, SU Min, TANG Yong-dong, GONG Zhi-guo, SONG Jiao, FAN Ding-yu, ZHU Jing-rong, WU Xin-yu
    2017, 54(9): 1707-1712.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.017
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1243KB) ( )  
    Objective】 In order to find out the distribution and source of natural benzoic acid in jujube.【Method】High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect and analyze benzoic acid in 122 batches of dry red dates harvested from three major producing areas of China and at the same time, the change of benzoic acid during the fruit development and storage period was studied.【Result】The content of benzoic acid in jujube fruit calculated by dry basis is generally lower than 150 mg/kg, and the overall distribution in the range of 40-50 mg/kg is more concentrated. The contents of benzoic acid in different varieties were different, and the jujube and Zanhuang jujube were significantly higher than other varieties. Jun-jujube fruit ripening process continued accumulation of benzoic acid, reaching its peak in the end stage. The content of benzoic acid in the storage process varied with the initial content, and the storage process with higher initial content varied greatly.【Conclusion】The distribution range of natural benzoic acid in jujube fruit was preliminarily elucidated. The results have provided an important basis for the formulation or revision of the standard of benzoic acid content in jujube.
    Coupling Mechanism between -Resveratrol Accumulation Induced by FeCl3 Solution and Halliwell-Asada Pathway in Grapevine
    DONG Jin-lei, LI Yue-rong, WANG Xiao-qin, ZHANG Bo
    2017, 54(9): 1713-1720.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.018
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1415KB) ( )  
    Objective】 FeCl3 solution causes the accumulation of resveratrol, but the mechanism is not clear. Here we aim to study the relationship between the Halliwell-Asada (H-A) pathway and resveratrol accumulation from the perspective of damage protection.【Method】After FeCl3 solution treatment of grape leaves, the degree of cell damage and the level of reactive oxygen species were detected, and the expression of resveratrol and H-A pathway related genes were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the oxidative stress level of leaves treated with FeCl3 solution were positively correlated with the damage of foliar tissue. A significant resveratrol accumulation was also observed. In addition, the maximum content of resveratrol reached 36.83 μg/g after treatment in a dose-dependant manner. The gene expression levels of resveratrol metabolic enzymes and key enzymes in H-A pathway were increased in FeCl3 treatment, such as PAL, C4H, 4CL, STS, APX and MDAR except DHAR. Resveratrol contents in H2O2 co-treatment were raised, contrary to co-treatments of antioxidant reagents NAC and GSH-EE.【Conclusion】FeCl3 solution decreased ROS scavenging capability of H-A pathway, thus causing oxidative stress and leading to resveratrol accumulation in grapevine samples, which underlines a correlation between resveratrol metabolism and H-A pathway.
    Analysis of Community Characteristics and Plant Diversity in Different Degraded Stages of Seriphidium transillense Desert
    ZHANG Xiao-xia, DONG Yi-qiang, AN Sha-zhou, LI Kun
    2017, 54(9): 1721-1729.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.019
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1380KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To explore the vegetation characteristics and biodiversity of degradation succession in desert in spring in the hope of providing some basic data for the establishment of ecological restoration and sustainable utilization plan.【Method】The Seriphidium transiliense desert was taken as the research object, and the community characteristics and vegetation biodiversity indexes in lightly degraded and heavily degraded desert were studied though field investigation.【Result】(1) The community height decreased by 20.8%, and the community density increased by 6.1 times with the degree of degraded succession increased (P<0.05), but the response of community cover and aboveground biomass on degradation was not significantly diffident (P>0.05). (2) Patrick richness index, Simpson dominant index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index significantly increased by 73.5%, 52.1%, 91.3% and 26.9% with the increased degree of degraded succession (P<0.05), respectively. 【Conclusion】During the process of degeneration succession, the Seriphidium transiliense desert is tending towards low and dwarfing vegetation population and complicated community.
    Isolation,Identification and Drug Resistance Detection of Campylobacter Jejuni from Cattle in Partial Areas of Xinjiang
    DAI Jing, PENG Bin, LEI Chen-hong, Aray Hayrat
    2017, 54(9): 1730-1736.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.020
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1198KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To study the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni from cattle in partial areas of Xinjiang and its drug resistance.【Method】In this experiment, 171 fecal samples were collected from cattle in Urumqi, Changji and Shihezi. After the initial enrichment of Brucella broth, the culture medium was cultured with two improved media, namely, the improved CCD agar base and the Columbia blood plate, and finally identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, the agar diffusion method recommended by the United States Clinical Laboratory Standardization Institute (CLSI) in 2010 was used for drug susceptibility test.【Result】A strain of Campylobacter jejuni (No. N22) was isolated from the Urumqi cattle farm and the detection rate was 1.11%(1/90). A strain of Campylobacter jejuni (No.C25) was identified from Changji cattle farmand the detection rate was 3.33%(1/30).There were no strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from Shihezi cattle farm. 2 strains of Campylobacter jejuni were highly sensitive to monocyclic beta lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics,and showing different degrees ofresistenceto quinolones, macrolides and most of the cephalosporins antibiotics.【Conclusion】The infection of campylobacter jejuni was found from cattle in Xinjiang, and the infection strains could be used to prevent and cure with monobactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. The results can provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and the prevention and control measures in Xinjiang cattle herds.
    Grain Security of Xinjiang Based on Cropland Pressure Index
    Yasenjiang Kahar, WANG Jing-zhe, LÜ Guang-hui, LIU Zhi-hui
    2017, 54(9): 1737-1745.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.021
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1417KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To study the changing tendency of cultivated land and grain yield in Xinjiang in the past 64 years and forecast the food security situation in Xinjiang in the next 10 years according to the characteristics of cultivated land pressure index, and corresponding countermeasures to ensure grain security in Xinjiang will be put forward.【Method】The minimum per capita arable land area and the cultivated land pressure index model and the GM (1,1) gray prediction model were used to quantitatively analyze the food safety level in Xinjiang.【Result】The minimum per capita arable land area and cultivated land pressure index of Xinjiang increased from 1949 to 2012, and the cultivated land pressure index in the next 10 years would be greater than 1 and showed a significant growth trend.【Conclusion】Xinjiang's food security is unsafe and the future food security situation will become more and more serious. In view of this situation, it is proposed to develop water-saving agriculture, increase agricultural science and technology investment and maintain the amount of cultivated land to ensure food security.
    The Characteristics of Climate Change in Kyrgyzstan and Its Spatial Variability Analysis
    DING Feng, WANG Ze-yu, TANG Ya-li, Maimaiti Tuohetisulaiman, MA Xue-qin, WANG Xin-yong, CHEN Shu-huang
    2017, 54(9): 1746-1755.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.022
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2142KB) ( )  
    Objective】 Kyrgyzstan Republic is located in the northeast of central Asia, and in the western foot of Tianshan Mountains, bordering with Akesu area in Xinjiang. The study of the spatial characteristics of climate change and spatial variability is of great significance for understanding the changes of weather and environment in Central Asia, and for the evolution of the meteorological and environmental changes in Xinjiang.【Method】Based on the 1971-2000 of rainfall and temperature data by CRU (Climatic Research Unit) of the East Anglia University in the UK, and combining international exchange data from the nine climate stations of WMO (World Metrological Organization) in the Kyrgyzstan, this project analyzed the characteristics of climate change nearly 30 years in Kyrgyzstan.【Result】The results show that the annual total precipitation in Kyrgyzstan is increasing, and the total precipitation is relatively small in the southeast; The precipitation in the southwest and Tajikistan is relatively large, the seasonal difference is obvious, the precipitation in spring and winter is the most, and in the summer it is relatively small, and the precipitation characteristics are different from those in Xinjiang, presenting "Mediterranean type climate" with the annual average temperatures less than 10 ℃. The north and west are hot and the south and east are cold. The trend of warming in winter is obvious but is decreasing in spring; in summer time, the change is small and in fall, there is nearly no change. The annual range of temperature is greater than the surrounding countries, with a warming trend, but the annual range of temperature decreased.【Conclusion】Compared with Xinjiang that is also located in Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan precipitation and temperature vary greatly, that is, the rainfall is quite high with significant regional difference.
    Regression Analysis of Artificial Hail Suppression Effect in Akesu Prefecture of Southern Xinjiang
    LI Bin, ZHENG Bo-hua, SHI Lian-mei, ZHU Si-hua
    2017, 54(9): 1756-1764.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.023
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1228KB) ( )  
    Objective】 To further evaluate the differences of annual hailstorm areas before and after the scientifically carrying out artificial hail suppression period in Aksu in the hope of analyzing the effect.【Method】In this paper, the method of the regression test of areas was applied, the differences of annual hailstorm areas before and after 18 a of the scientifically carrying out artificial hail suppression period in Akesu were analyzed with annual hailstorm areas data from 1978 - 2013 in Aksu and Kashi with 1996 as the year of artificial hail suppression.【Result】The results showed that the average annual hail area was reduced 23,802 hm2, and the relative loss rate was 54.5% after the operation of scientifically artificial hail suppression in Aksu. Combined with the agricultural economic data, the average annual reduction of hail disaster loss was 444,170,000 RMB, annual input and output ratio nearly was 1∶10. The statistical significant level highly reached α=0.01.【Conclusion】Therefore, through scientifically carrying out artificial hail suppression operations, it is obvious that hail disaster losses reduced and the social and economic benefits are great in Aksu.