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Effects of Sowing Date on Arthropod Community Structure in Fresh Corn Fields in Northern Xinjiang
YIN Peng, DING Xin-hua, FU Kai-yun, Tursun Ahmat, HE Jiang, Talim Zeynelbek, Maryam Mamat, Tawakul Osman, GUO Wen-chao, LIU Wen
2017, 54(9):
1659-1669.
DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.012
【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sowing date on arthropod community structure in fresh corn field so as to provide guidance for rational selection of sowing dates and scientific utilization of natural enemy insects to realize natural regulation of insect communities.【Method】The community structure characteristics of arthropod community in corn fields were determined by net capture method and visual method at six sowing dates (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6).【Result】The survey received 11,628 arthropod animal heads, which belonged to 3 classes, 13 orders and 42 families, 66 genera and 71 species; the sowing period total species number (S), total individual number (N) and the number of dominant species of natural enemies of individual differences were not significant (P>0.05), but there are significant differences between occurrence quantity of dominant pests of corn borer (P<0.05). The T1 and T2 in early sowing 100 strain and damage rate were significantly greater than the late sowing (T5, T6) (P<0.05). In the community index, the evenness index and diversity index of T1 and T2 were the lowest, and the dominant concentration index was the highest, and the community was the most unstable. The occurrence of a large number of corn borer and corn three spot leafhoppers resulted in significant changes of arthropod community index in maize field, and was a major factor affecting community stability. Community structure similarity indicated that the community structure between T1 and T2, T3 and T4, T5 and T6 was the very similar, and the same control strategy could be adopted in the prevention and control of major pests.【Conclusion】The delaying of sowing date had little influence on the natural enemies and neutral insects in fresh corn fields,but the peak time of corn borer damage rate and the amount of larvae per plant decreased with the delay of sowing time decreased, compared with the April 16th planting corn fields, larvae per 100 plants in May 9th, May 15th, April 21st, May 24th, June 1st of the first and second generation corn borer occurrence period were reduced by 62.16% and 5.87%, 70.18% and 23.10%, 81.62% and 29.44%, 100% and 51.19%, 100% and 51.90%, 23% and 3.80%, reduce the damage rate of 26.20% and 16.20%, 37% and 30.6%, 30.20% and 23%, 37% and 37%. Therefore, in order to reduce the damage of field corn borer, it is suggested that the best sowing time for fresh corn in northern Xinjiang is from early May to mid May.
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