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25 August 2017, Volume 54 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study of Ecological Division for Wheat Quality in Xinjiang WU Xin-yuan, LU Jing, ZHANG Xin-zhong, HUANG Tian-rong, LI Jian-jiang, ZHOU An-ding, LIANG Xiao-dong, CAO Jun-mei, GAO Yong-hong, ZENG Chao-wu 2017, 54(8): 1373-1383.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1290KB) ( )   【Objective】 The quality traits and ecological factors of wheat growing areas in Xinjiang were studied, and the best planting area of high quality wheat was determined. Also, the quality zoning of wheat in Xinjiang was evaluated accurately.【Method】15 winter and spring wheat varieties of three gluten type was selected and identified in 34 spring and winter wheat typical ecological regions of Xinjiang. At the same time, we carried out canonical correlation analysis of quality characters based on temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours in the stages from wheat heading to maturity and, finally the effects of geographical factors and climatic factors on wheat quality were determined and the quality types of wheat in different ecological zones were reviewed.【Result】The grain protein content, sedimentation value, development time, stability time, evaluation value, extension area, resistance to extension, extensibility and maximum resistance to extension nine quality indictors had a significant level between three winter wheat quality types. But in spring wheat the strong gluten cultivar and medium-weak gluten cultivar had no significant difference, the indicators of water absorption between strong gluten cultivars and medium-weak gluten cultivars had no significant difference, strong gluten cultivars was significantly bigger than medium-weak gluten cultivars on other quality indicators; the farinograph and extensograph parameter medium-strong gluten cultivars had the greatest variation, the second one was strong gluten varieties, the smallest variation was medium-weak gluten varieties, which showed that the quality traits of strong gluten varieties were affected by environmental impact than medium-weak gluten wheat varieties. The analysis results of canonical correlation variable showed that there was a significant correlation between quality traits and ecological factors, and the effects of different ecological factors on quality traits were different. At the same time, it also indicated that between quality traits and ecological factors had a significant correlation in the stage from wheat heading to maturity, but between winter and spring wheat the ecological factors had a different influence. The mean temperature had the greatest effect on quality trait of winter wheat; the second were maximum temperature and latitude. However, the mean temperature had the greatest effect on quality trait of spring wheat, the second were lowest temperature and altitude.【Conclusion】The research results confirmed the planting areas of strong gluten, medium-strong gluten and medium-weak gluten varieties and accurately described planting map of ecological division for wheat quality in Xinjiang.

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Study on Salt Tolerance and Related Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of 11 Xinjiang Wheat Varieties Seedlings CAO Jun-mei, LU Jing, ZHANG Xin-zhong, WU Xin-yuan, ZHOU An-ding, HUANG Tian-rong, GAO Yong-hong, LIU Lian-zheng, FAN Gui-qiang, Halidan Yikeremu, FANG Hui 2017, 54(8): 1384-1393.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1176KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of salt stress on the morphological and physiological characteristics of winter wheat seedlings and to understand the difference of salt tolerance at the seedling stage of the main cultivated wheat varieties in Xinjiang.【Method】The morphology and the physiological parameters of 11 Xinjiang wheat varieties seedlings were studied by using 2% Na2SO4 to simulate the salt stress, and the identification index and the salt tolerance of the seedlings were also analyzed by the weighted membership function method.【Result】Under the condition of stress, the test index and photographic ratio had varying degrees of change. Under the condition of 48 hours of salt stress, the root length and leaf length ratios of different varieties were different compared with the control group. But with the extension of stress time, all varieties declined and the chlorophyll content of the majority of species tested decreased under salt stress. Under the salt stress, the activities of peroxidase in the seedlings of most varieties decreased first and then increased. The changing trend of MDA in different cultivars was different.【Conclusion】The analysis results of salt tolerance coefficient showed that the changing trend of single index could not comprehensively and effectively measure the salt tolerance of wheat. According to the D value of the weighted membership function, the order of the comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of all tested varieties at seedling stage is: Xindong 18 > Xindong 35 > Xindong 19 >Xindong 22 > Zhongyou 9507 > Xindong 32 > Xindong 40 > Xindong 23 > Xindong 28 > Xindong 17 > Xindong 20.

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Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Winter Wheat Cultivars in Xinjiang at Seedling Stage MA Yan-ming, LIU Min, FENG Kui, YAN Guo-rong, WANG Li, XIAO Jing, LIU Ning 2017, 54(8): 1394-1401.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1059KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to initially determine the slat tolerance of winter wheat through plant changes during wheat seedling stage under salt stress and explore the early screening methods of wheat salt tolerant germplasm, thus screening salt tolerant varieties of winter wheat in Xinjiang in the hope of providing the material basis for the breeding of new salt tolerant wheat varieties.【Method】46 cultivars of winter wheat suitable to be planted in southern and northern Xinjiang were chosen to be the experimental materials, and the water culture method was used to study the difference in salt tolerance of the tested cultivars at seedling stage.【Result】The salt tolerance of the tested winter wheat varieties in Xinjiang varied greatly. There were 3 varieties with strong salt tolerance, namely, Xindong 18, Kadong 3 and Honghe 1. These three species showed high yield at the seedling stage. There were 2 varieties with strong salt tolerance, 21 varieties with moderate salt tolerance, the rather weak ones were 17 and three had weak salt tolerance.【Conclusion】The correlation analysis of salt tolerance showed that the inhibitory effect on root growth was stronger than that on stem and leaf growth, so root length and root number can be regarded as a sensitive index for measuring winter wheat salt tolerance.

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Research on Hormone Dynamic Distribution and Responsive Characteristics of Drip Irrigation Cotton after Topping in Xinjiang Tursunjan Maimaiti, Atawulla, GUO Jiang-ping, LIANG Ya-jun, AI Xian-tao, GONG Zhao-long, ZHENG Ju-yun, TIAN Chang-yan 2017, 54(8): 1402-1413.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1464KB) ( )   【Objective】 To research the influence on root characters, development of overground organ and distribution of five hormones of different varieties of topped cotton watered by drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang; To reveal the growth and development law and hormone distributional difference of cotton in different varieties after topping under the cultivation condition of drip irrigation; To provide scientific basis for high yield and ultra-high yield cultivation of Southern Xinjiang's cotton watered by drip irrigation and whole-journey dynamic quantization regulating techniques for cotton cultivation.【Method】Selecting Xinluzhong 42 as tested variety, using the technology of drip irrigation and planting topping experiment in the southern Xinjiang. 【Result】Research results: (1) The content ratio of IAA of root tip after topping for 6 hours, 12 hours and 30 days respectively increases by 3.9 ng/mL, 4.7 ng/mL, 28.63 ng/mL; the content of ETH of root tip with non-topping is always higher than that of topping, there is no obvious change in the content of ETH of root tip after topping for 3 hours, the content of ETH of root tip with non-topping increases by 47 ng/mL; the content of ETH of root tip after topping for 30 days decreases by 72.99 ng/mL, the content of ETH of root tip with non-topping increases by 70.95 ng/mL; the content of IAA of root tip and CTK of the top fourth leaf after topping for 3 hours decreases, the content of IAA of root tip and CTK of the top fourth leaf with non-topping relatively increases by 1.7 μg/L and 0.5 μg/L; the content of ABA of root tip after topping for 3 hours decreases by 0.1 μg/L, while there is no obvious change in the content of ABA of root tip with non-topping; the content of ABA of root tip after topping for 6 hours decreases by 0.3 μg/L, the content of ABA of root tip with non-topping increases by 1 μg/L; the content difference of the ETH of tip and GA of the top fourth leaf after topping for 3, 6, 12 hours and 30 days and that of non-topping shows no obvious regularity. (2) The content difference of the ETH of tip and IAA of the top fourth leaf after topping for 3, 6, 12 hours and 30 days and that of non-topping shows no obvious regularity. The content of ETH of tip after topping for 6 hours increases by 154 ng/mL, and that of non-topping decreases by 43 ng/mL; the content of ETH of the top fourth leaf after topping is always higher than that of non-topping; the content difference of the tip and CTK of the top fourth leaf after topping for 3, 6, 12 hours and 30 days and that of non-topping shows no obvious regularity; the content of the tip and ABA of the top fourth leaf after topping for 3 hours and 6 hours is higher than that of non-topping, the content of ABA of the top fourth leaf after topping for 6 hours increases by 27.4 μg/L, and that of no-topping decreases by 29.1 μg/L; the content of GA of the tip after topping for 3 hours decreases by 16.8 pmol/L, while that of non-topping does not decrease, the content of GA of the tip with non-topping is always obviously higher than that of topping. (3) The agronomic characters, yield and quality of the plants and the distribution of nutrients, such as N, P, K, have certain influence on it.【Conclusion】Cotton topping helps to reduce the inhibition of hormone levels, enhances the chlorophyll content of leaves, facilitates the growth and development of the plant, boosts production, but conducts no significant influence on quality.

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Influences of Brassinolide under Drought Stress on the Expressions of NAC Transcription Factors in Germination Stage of Cotton Seeds YAN Xiao-hong, BAO Qiu-juan, ZHANG Fu-chun 2017, 54(8): 1414-1421.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1626KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to investigate the expression of NAC transcription factors during seed germination of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)under drought stress and to analyze the function of NAC transcription factors in the pathway of brassinolide (BR) regulation for drought resistance in cotton. 【Method】The gene sequences of upland cotton NAC transcription factor family were used to amplify the 6 genes of GhNAC from cotton Xinluzao17. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the change of NAC gene expression in cotyledon and radicle of cotton seeds at germination stage after seed soaked with different concentrations of brassinolide under drought stress. 【Result】In cotton cotyledons,the expressions of GhNAC1under drought stress were suppressed by different concentrations of brassinolide, the expressions of GhNAC2 and GhNAC3 were induced by 0.25 mg/L brassinolide. The expressions of GhNAC5 were only induced by 0.5 mg/L brassinolide, and the expressions of GhNAC4 and GhNAC6 did not change significantly. However, in cotton radicle, the expressions of GhNAC1 were also inhibited by different concentrations of brassinolide, the expressions of GhNAC2 and GhNAC3 were induced by 0.25 mg/L brassinolide. At same time, high expressions of GhNAC3 were induced by 2 mg/L brassinolide, the expressions of GhNAC5 did not change significantly, the expressions of GhNAC4 and GhNAC6 were induced by the high concentration of brassinosteroids. 【Conclusion】The expressions of GhNAC1 in cotton cotyledons and radicles during seed germination were inhibited by brassinolide, and the expressions of GhNAC2 and GhNAC3 was induced by low concentration of brassinolide. The results showed that brassinolide could affect the expression of GhNAC in response to drought stress.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Rates on Cotton Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Distribution and Utilization Halihashi Yibati, ZHANG Yan, LI Qing-jun, HU Wei, HU Guo-zhi 2017, 54(8): 1422-1428.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1241KB) ( )   【Objective】 Under mulch drip irrigation, the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on cotton yield, nutrient absorption, distribution and utilization were studied in order to provide the theoretical basis for reasonable nitrogen application of cotton in Xinjiang.【Method】The field experiment was carried out by using local major cotton varieties (Zhong mian 297-5) at the experiment station at production brigade 5 of Binghu village, Manasi County of Xinjiang. The experiment included four treatments with four different nitrogen levels ( 0,90,180,270 kg/hm2). Plant samples at seedling stage, bud stage, flowering stage, boll bearing stage and they were divided into different organs such as stem, leaf, flower bud, shell, floc and seeds to measure the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively. Based on these data, the nutrient uptake, distribution, characteristics of nitrogen utilization, yield and economic benefit were calculated.【Result】Data showed that when the amounts of applied N were ranged from 0 kg/hm2 to 180 kg/hm2, the cotton yield and economic benefit increased with increasing amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, and decreased when the amount of applied N was over N 180 kg/hm2. According to the price of cotton and nitrogen fertilizer in the year, the optimum economic nitrogen fertilizer amount and maximum yield nitrogen fertilizer amount 143 kg/hm2 and 159 kg/hm2 were obtained and the corresponding yields were 1,634 kg/hm2 and 1,637 kg/hm2. Compared with the highest yield of nitrogen fertilizer, the best economical nitrogen to ensure cotton yield without decreasing conditions (the highest yield 99%-100%), nitrogen fertilizer can be saved by 10.1%. Applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the main growth stages of cotton. Nitrogen levels in the 0-180 kg/hm2 range, cotton, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and later allocation in the reproductive organs increased with increasing nitrogen application rates. The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the distribution of later organs in reproductive organs. Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is consistent with the cotton nutrient absorption and distribution trend, and , 180 kg/hm2 treatment produced the highest result.【Conclusion】Considering the comprehensive yield, economic benefit, nutrient uptake, distribution and utilization, the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer for middle fertility cotton fields in Manasi County of Xinjiang is 143 kg/hm2.

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Effects of Ammonium Sulfate on Nutrient Uptake and Yield Components of Forage Maize MA Hong-hong, ZHANG Min-na, MA Xing-wang, YANG Tao, NIU Xin-xiang, WANG Jin-xin, LI Qing-jun, YU Qi-wu 2017, 54(8): 1429-1436.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1060KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify whether the amount of nitrogen, ammonium sulfate and urea are different in the supply of nitrogen for forage maize. 【Method】4 treatments were set up to determine organic matter, pH, available N, P and K of foundation soil, the available N content of 0-20 cm soil in mature period, the nutrient content of soil, main nutrient absorption, and corn yield of forage maize. 【Result】The results showed that the available nitrogen content under OPT was the lowest, while the available nitrogen content under FT was the highest; Although there was no significant difference between the dry matter of maize leaves and the whole plant, the leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, ear skin dry matter and grain dry matter were different; The application of ammonium sulfate fertilizer could significantly promote the absorption of N, P2O5 and K2O; The ammonium sulfate could significantly prompt the absorption ratio of P2O5 with the same amount of nitrogen application; The absorption ratio of K2O was significantly lower than that of CF, OPT and OPT treatments; There were no significant difference between forage corn rows per ear and kernels per row; Under the condition of equal nitrogen, applying ammonium sulfate fertilizer could increase the yield of forage maize and increase the nitrogen supply during the whole period. 【Conclusion】Thus, Compared with urea, ammonium sulfate fertilizer could increase the yield of forage maize under the condition of equal nitrogen supply.

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Mapping QTLs for Oil Content Traits in Brassica napus L. WANG Yan-hui, GU Yuan-guo, FAN Li-ping, DUAN Ya-jie, GAO Wen-wei, QU Yan-ying, CHEN Yue-hua 2017, 54(8): 1437-1443.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1274KB) ( )   【Objective】 To locate the molecular markers related to the oil and explore the genes related to the trait. 【Method】In this study, F2 population was constructed with Springfield-B and ymnm-8 as parents, and SRAP molecular markers were used to construct the genetic linkage map of Brassica napus L. 【Result】The results showed that the genetic map contained 52 marker sites with a total length of 1,039.6 cM and 15 linkage groups. The average genetic distance between the markers was 19.9 cM. The QTLs associated with oil content were analyzed and two QTLs related to oil content were obtained. QOC15 was located in the linkage group LG1: EM3ME5-EM4ME22a, and the explanatory rates were 11.23% and 4.12%, respectively, and the additive effect values were 0.48 and 3.56, respectively. The qOC1 was located in the linkage group LG1: EM9ME6-EM17ME24. 【Conclusion】Two QTL loci related to oil content were obtained, which laid a foundation for the study of oil content in Brassica napus L.

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Effects of Seawater Irrigation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Muskmelon ZHANG Xue-bin, CAO Ming, YANG Xiao-feng, TAO Kai, YANG Guang-hua 2017, 54(8): 1444-1449.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1177KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim was to study the effects of different concentrations of sea water on the growth, yield and quality of muskmelon and screen out the best concentration of seawater that will be suitable for muskmelon cultivation thus providing strong evidence for the utilization of seawater resources.【Method】Using concentrations 0% (CK), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of seawater irrigation on muskmelon to research the effects on growth index and quality index of muskmelon. 【Result】The results showed that seawater below 10% concentrations could increase plant height and leaf area of muskmelon, seawater below 40% concentrations could promote chlorophyll content increase. The soluble sugar content, central solid content and protein content of melon fruit increased first and then decreased with the increase of seawater concentration and the trend was to rise first and then fall. And stem diameter, vertical and horizontal diameter, yield, marginal solid and Vc content decreased with the increase of seawater concentration decreased. The higher concentration of seawater, the more obvious the inhibitory effect. 【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis concludes that salt stress increased the content of sugar and protein in melon fruit, improved the taste and quality of melon. Under the seawater concentration of 10%-20%, muskmelon's yield could be ensured, and the treatment with 30% concentration of seawater had the best quality.

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Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Organic Fertilizer Supplement to Improve the Yield and Sugar Content of Muskmelon in Xinjiang XU Qiang, WANG Wei-chao, XU Yong-mei, SHAO Hua-wei, YANG Jin-yu, QIAO Xiao-yan, Lü Cai-xia 2017, 54(8): 1450-1459.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1195KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the reasonable amount of chemical fertilizer application and the substitution of organic fertilizer for the muskmelon in Xinjiang, to provide reference for the high yield and good quality of muskmelon and the sustainable development of the muskmelon industry.【Method】Lukqin muskmelon production area in Shanshan, Xinjiang was selected and the three factors and three levels orthogonal design was adopted. Types of organic fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were taken as the factors to be investigated. The types of organic fertilizer were solid organic fertilizer, liquid drip irrigation organic fertilizer and wheat straw. The application amount of organic fertilizer was set to low, middle and high dosage of each organic fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer application amount is conventional fertilizer, 15% and 30% reduced amounts (in relation to the conventional amount). The chemical nitrogen fertilizer was urea, and the phosphate fertilizer was monoammonium phosphate. The data of yield and sugar content were measured and analyzed to determine the effects of different chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer substitution on the yield and quality of Muskmelon.【Result】Types of organic fertilizer were the main factors affecting muskmelon yield and sugar content, followed by the organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer with minimal impact. Reducing 30% chemical fertilizer could still obtain high muskmelon yield and sugar content.【Conclusion】The fertilization strategy of muskmelon in Shanshan area of Xinjiang can be replaced by reducing chemical fertilizer amount and organic fertilizer replacement technology. The best combination is organic manure, which means wheat straw or other organic ones can be used, the amount of application is 450 kg/667 m2, and the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced by 30% compared with conventional fertilizer.

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Effects of Different Dust Stresses and Shading Treatment Gradients on Organic Osmotic Adjustment Substances of Four Kinds of Fruit Tree Leaves Sajidan Abudukerimu, Batur Bake, Akrem Ahmet, Zulikeyan Manaf, WANG Meng-hui, LUO Na-na 2017, 54(8): 1460-1468.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1780KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to make clear the effects of adverse environment on the damage of fruit tree leaves, the soluble protein, proline and soluble sugar were determined under the condition of dust and shade stress.【Method】Juglans regia, Armeniaca vulgaris, Amygdalus communis and Malus pumila were selected as material, orthogonal experiments were designed under the different artificial conditions (dust 3 mg/cm2 and 9 mg/cm2,shading 16.4% and 46.5%)and treatment times 9 d, 18 d, 27 d, 36 d were set to analyze the impact of different treatments on the osmotic adjustment substances of leaves.【Result】Under the light dust treatment, the four kinds fruit tree leaves proline and soluble sugar content increased gradually, but soluble protein increased first and then declined. The contents of proline, soluble sugar and protein reached the peak value 9-18 d, and then decreased under the heavy dust stress. The osmotic adjustment substances increased to different degrees under the light shading treatment, but increased first and then decreased under the heavy shading treatment.【Conclusion】Ust and shading stress brings some adverse effects on 4 kinds of fruit tree leaves.

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The Virulence of Two Fumigants to the Bemecia tabaci and Eretmocerus hayati in the Protected Vegetable ZHANG Xin, WANG Wen-qing, JIN Gai-long, ZHANG Xiang, MA De-ying 2017, 54(8): 1469-1474.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1076KB) ( )   【Objective】 By comparing fumigant's virulence to Bemecia tabaci MED cryptic species and the dominant parasitoid wasp Eretmocerus hayati, this paper aims at providing a theoretical basis for better use of fumigant and protection and utilization of natural enemy.【Method】In this paper, indoor simulated fumigation and greenhouse fumigation were used for testing.【Result】The results of simulated fumigation experiment showed that the virulence of two fumigants to Eretmocerus hayati was significantly higher than that to Bemecia tabaci MED cryptic species, but there was no significant difference between the two drugs, and no significant difference between two testing methods; Results of the greenhouse fumigation test exhibited that after the third fumigation, the revision insects reduced rate of Eretmocerus hayati reached 100%, although the number of Bemecia tabaci MED cryptic species was significantly reduced.【Conclusion】Although fumigant has a strong virulence effect on both Bemecia tabaci MED cryptic species and Eretmocerus hayati, due to the strong side effects, the use of fumigant is not conducive to the protection and utilization of Bemecia tabaci dominant parasitoid wasp Eretmocerus hayati.

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Identification of the Pathogen of Jujube Soft Rot in Xinjiang BAI Jian-yu, SONG Feng-hui, WU Zheng-bao, LIU Zheng-xing, CUI Yan-hua, SHI Yan-jiang 2017, 54(8): 1475-1480.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1323KB) ( )   【Objective】 The pathogen of soft rot disease of jujube was accurately identified so as to lay a foundation for disease prevention and control. 【Method】The suspected pathogens were obtained by the conventional isolation technology and were preliminarily identified by morphological features and loop validation. The fragments of ITS gene of the suspected pathogens were obtained by the PCR technique. When the related trains of Rhizopus oryzae in GenBank were compared and analyzed, the genetic evolutionary tree was constructed and the pathogen was identified by morphological identification and pathogenicity experiments.【Result】According to the morphological characteristics and the pathogenicity test results, the morphological characteristics of Rhizopus soft rot pathogen of Xinjiang jujube were similar to that of Rhizopus oryzae. The phylogenetic analysis of the pathogen showed that the ITS gene of pathogen of jujube soft rot showed 99 % to 100 % similarity with part ITS gene of Rhizopus oryzae in GenBank, and in the analysis of phylogenetic tree, they were clustered in the same group.【Conclusion】Based on the morphological characteristics, pathogenicity test and molecular identification of the pathogen, the pathogen of jujube soft rot was identified as Rhizopus oryzae.

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Identification of Willow Valsa Cankers Pathogen in the Tarim River Basin in Southern Xinjiang SHAO Yan-hui, ZHANG Wang-bin, LIU Zhen-ya, ZHU Zong-cai, YAN Hai-lin, LI Ya-peng, CAO Qi, DAN Hong-xia 2017, 54(8): 1481-1488.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1410KB) ( )   【Objective】 Through the study on pathogenic bacteria culture morphology and shape observation, combined with analysis of molecular biology techniques ITS and β-tubulin sequence analysis, this project aims to make clear how many kinds of willow valsa cander pathogens there are and their genetic differentiation in southern Xinjiang.【Method】Willow valsa cankers pathogen was collected and pure culture of pathogen was obtained. The conidia of the pathogen of pathogenic bacteria were divided into longitudinal and vertical sections and the morphological data were observed. Using ITS and β--tubulin sequence analysis method, the phylogenetic tree was successfully constructed. The most optimum pathogen was studied after β-tubulin sequential analysis.【Result】The pycnidium and conidia characteristics were consistent with the reported Cytospora chrysosperma. The most optimum conditions for the growth of pathogenic bacteria were the temperature between 20℃-30 ℃, the PH was 5-6, and the suitable carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and peptone, respectively. ITS and β-tubulin analysis showed the sequence was up to 96% identical with Cytospora spp.; Pathogenic bacteria could infect 5 kinds of trees successfully in the in vitro inoculation conditions.【Conclusion】Biological observation and molecular sequence analysis showed that the pathogen causing willow valsa cankers in Tarim River basin of southern Xinjiang is Cytospora chrysosperma. There are some genetic differentiations among pathogens from different sources. These pathogens can infect poplar, populus euphratica, jujube tree, pear and apple, and produce conidia in populus euphratica and poplar inside the room.

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Biological Characteristics of Cladobotryum sp. parasitic on Ferment Material of Agaricus balchaschensis Nurziya Yalimaimaiti, WEI Peng, JIA Pei-song, LUO Ying, HAO Jing-zhe, JIA Wen-jie 2017, 54(8): 1489-1495.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1207KB) ( )   【Objective】 The new disease is always found in the production process ofAgaricus balchaschensis cultivation, which results in continuous low fermentation temperature and wet surface. This project aims to study the pathogen and biological characteristics of the disease in order to provide basis for more effective control.【Method】Through morphological observation and its rDNA sequence analysis to obtain pathogenic bacteria.【Result】The pathogenic fungus was determined to be Cladobotryum.sp. Through the study on the biological characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria, it was found that its mycelium best growth conditions was 20℃ low temperature bacteria, acidic pH5.5 growth,glucose was its carbon source, peptone was nitrogen source, and light had a certain inhibitory effect on mycelial growth.【Conclusion】The prevention and control of the disease should be strictly controlled by the temperature condition in the early stage of the production of edible fungi, and the two fermentation work should be carried out. At the same time, strengthening the ventilation and environmental sanitation management will help prevent the disease.

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Isolation and Screening for 2 Stains of Antagonistic Bacteria against Alternaria solani of Tomato and Study on Antagonistic Effect YANG Rong, YANG Wen-qi, ZHANG Zheng, ZHAN Fa-qiang, HOU Min, HOUXin-qiang, BAOHui-fang, WANG-Ning, LONG Xuan-qi 2017, 54(8): 1496-1504.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1461KB) ( )   【Objective】 Screening for bacteria againstAlternaria solanio tomato from rhizosphere of processing tomato.【Method】Isolating antagonistic bacteriafrom rhizosphere of processing tomatoby culture on medium plate, preliminary screening and second screening are carried on by paired culture, preliminary identification is based on morphological characteristic, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA, antagonistic effect of fermentation broth against mycelium ofA. solani is observed under microscope,relative control effect of fermentation brothof antagonistic bacteria is observed by pot incubation test.【Result】90trains of antagonisticbacteria have been isolated,from them, 3 strainsofbacteriahave been screened by preliminary screening while 2 strains by second screening with obvious antagonistic effect (J2-2, J2-4), and then the two stains were preliminary identified as allied species ofBacillus atrophaeus andBacillus subtilis, teratogenic effect of fermentation brothagainst pathogenic mycelium has been observed under microscope, the relative control effect of fermentation broth has been determined above 35% in pot incubation test.【Conclusion】The result shows that the two isolates with significant antagonistic effect toA. solani could provide potential solution for biological control of early blighttomato.

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Effect of Solar Drying Device on Drying Effect of Four Kinds of Vegetables ZOU Shu-ping, MENG Yi-na, ZHANG Jian, MA Yan, Xü Min-qiang, ZHANG Qian 2017, 54(8): 1505-1512.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1824KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the optimum drying time of solar energy drying vegetables and their influence on the quality of dried vegetables. 【Method】Using fresh asparagus, cauliflower, radish and pepper as experimental materials to be dried in the solar dryer, the drying room temperature, humidity, raw material moisture, water content, color difference and so on were measured, and the optimum rehydration time of four vegetables was determined.【Result】The solar greenhouse temperature was higher than the ambient temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse was higher in the early stage and decreased later. Cauliflower, pepper and radish cowpea drying time was 96 h and 72 h, the moisture content was about 10%, water activity was below 0.45, the color value was fresh raw L* value decreased, a* value increased, b* decreased, b* increased in radish. Cauliflower and pepper in 10 min can complete the complex water, long cowpea and radish 20 min. 【Conclusion】Solar drying device can effectively dry cauliflower, asparagus bean, pepper and radish and there are differences in drying different vegetables, such as drying time, changes in color and rehydration time.

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Influencing Factors on Phosphorus Adsorption Characteristics of Zonal Soils in Xinjiang HE Shuai, YIN Fei-hu, XIE Hai-xia 2017, 54(8): 1513-1522.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1281KB) ( )   【Objective】 The phosphorus absorption characteristics of the grey desert soils and the brown desert soils were studied to clarify the relationship of the highest P sorption capacity and the soil basic properties, thus screening the main soil properties affecting the adsorption capacity of phosphorus in Xinjiang's zonal soils.【Method】The samples of grey desert soil in northern Xinjiang and brown desert soil in southern Xinjiang were collected and the isothermal adsorption experiments were carried out.【Result】Phosphorus isothermal adsorption curve of the zonal soils in Xinjiang were well fitting the Langmuir isothermal adsorption curve. With the increase of clay contents and pH values, phosphorus adsorption capacity of the grey desert soils in northern Xinjiang increased. High organic matter contents of grey desert soils was not benefitial to phosphorus adsorption. The calcium carbonate content of the brown desert soils affected directly phosphorus adsorption capacity by pH value and the CaCO3 contents. The phosphorus adsorption capacity of grey desert soils and brown deserts soils had no obvious relationship with the content of free Fe oxides, Olsen-P and total phosphorus.【Conclusion】Because brown desert soil has higher content of CaCO3 and pH value than that of grey desert soils, it has stronger phosphorus adsorption ability than grey desert soils. The maximum P adsorption capacities (Xm) of the brown desert soil in southern Xinjiang is average 1,087.59 mg/kg and that of the grey desert soil in northern Xinjiang is average 820.77 mg/kg.

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Effects of Different Cultivation Years Alfalfa and Rotation Cotton on Soil Physical & Chemical Properties WANG Lin-na, JING Chun-mei, ZHANG Ling, XI Lin-qiao 2017, 54(8): 1523-1530.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1087KB) ( )   【Objective】 The effects of different cultivation years alfalfa and alfalfa/cotton rotation on the physical and chemical properties were studied in the Aksu area of Xinjiang.【Method】The soils were collected from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth from different plots, including 5 years of continuous planting of cotton field, five years alfalfa rotation planting cotton field, and planting alfalfa from 1st year to 4th year field. The soil bulk density, total salt, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were measured.【Result】The rotation can reduce pH. Planting alfalfa can decrease SBD. The SBD was reduced with increased alfalfa planting years. The longer the planting time, the better the SBD effect. The surface layer SBD was highest than that of other layers. The content of total salt (TS) was reduced in planting alfalfa and alfalfa rotation cotton field. The longer the alfalfa cultivation period, the more obviously the TS reduction. The TS in the fourth year of alfalfa field was decreased by 50.5% than that of the first year alfalfa. The TS of alfalfa rotation cotton was reduced by 41.7% than that of continuous cropping cotton. Planting alfalfa can increase the soil organic matter (SOM), the SOM was increased obviously with the increased alfalfa planting years. The total nitrogen content was highest in alfalfa/cotton rotation plot than others. The total nitrogen content of 0 -10 cm soil was highest in planting alfalfa plots than those of 10-40 cm, and 10-40 cm, total nitrogen content was not changed obviously. The alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus content were highest in 4th year planting alfalfa field. The available potassium content was increased gradually with alfalfa planting years prolonged. 【Conclusion】Planting alfalfa in Aksu area can significantly reduce soil bulk density, increase the soil organic matter and nitrogen content of alfalfa, and alfalfa / cotton rotation can reduce soil salinity.

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Effects of Different Growth Stages on the Nutrient Composition of Red Clover LIU Ya-wei, ZHANG Yan-hui, ZHAO Fang, TAN Shi-xin, CHEN Jun-hong, YANG Kai-lun 2017, 54(8): 1531-1539.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1084KB) ( )   【Objective】 The red clover in different growth stages as the research object, this experiment aims to provide reference for local red clover planting and harvesting timely through the measurement of its growth performance and nutrient index, and through the comparison of the conditions in different growth stages and changes in main nutrient contents in food.【Method】The growth performance indexes of red clover were measured at the early flowering stage and the two harvest time (the first harvest time and the second harvest time), namely, the early flowering stage and the full-bloom stage, and 10 1 m2 of fresh grass were collected at each growth stage. After natural withering, the contents of DM, Ash, CP, NDF, ADF, Ca and P were measured separately.【Result】In terms of production performance, the plant height, fresh grass yield and hay yield in the first full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the early flowering stage (P <0.01), 27.65%, 69.94% and 76.96% higher respectively. The plant height and hay yield in the second full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the early flowering stage (P<0.01), 15.23% and 47.67% higher respectively, but there was no significant difference in fresh grass yield (P> 0.05). In terms of nutrient content, the contents of NDF and ADF in the first full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the early flowering stage (P <0.05), 5.24% and 27.06% higher respectively, and the contents of Ash and Ca in the full-bloom stage were significantly lower than those in the early flowering stage (P <0.05), 8.73% and 13.50% lower respectively, but there was no significant difference in DM, CP and P contents (P<0.05). The contents of NDF and ADF in the second full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the early flowering stage (P <0.05), 5.82% and 9.20% higher respectively, and the contents of Ca and P in the second full-bloom stage were significantly lower than those in the early flowering stage (P＜0.01), 6.57% and 24.14% lower respectively, but there was no significant difference in DM, Ash and CP contents (P＞0.05). On the whole, in terms of production performance, the fresh grass yield and hay yield in the first full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the second full-bloom stage(P<0.05), 46.50% and 35.30% higher respectively. In terms of nutrient contents, the contents of Ca, NDF and ADF in the first full-bloom stage were significantly higher than those in the second full-bloom stage (P <0.05), 16.54%, 23.09% and 29.54% higher respectively, but there was no significant difference in the contents of DM, Ash, CP and P in the first harvest time and second harvest time (P> 0.05).【Conclusion】Based on the results of this test, the contents of Ash, Ca and P of red clover in the two full-bloom stages are significantly lower than those in the early flowering stage, while the contents of NDF and ADF in the two full-bloom stages are higher than those in the early flowering stage. However, there was no significant difference in the CP content between the two full-bloom stages, and the plant height and yield in the two full-bloom stages are significantly higher than those in the early flowering stage. Therefore, in order to maximize the value of red clover, red clover should be harvested in the full-bloom stages.

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Effects of Oxytropis glabra DC Poisoning on Expression of Superoxide Dismutase in Testis and Epididymis of Rabbits WANG Shuai, LIU Qi-fan, LIU Deng-wan, CHEN Gen-yuan, ZHANG Ling 2017, 54(8): 1540-1549.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1589KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Oxytropis glabra(O.glabra) DC poisoning on the activity and expression of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene in rabbit testis and epididymis.【Method】48 male rabbits were randomly divided into blank control group and experimental group I, II and III. The dried plant of O. glabra DC was comminuted, then different amounts of the grass powder (15%, 30% and 45% and the corresponding swainsonine content was 30, 60, 90 mg/kg) were mixed with the forage in 3 experimental groups. The rabbits consumed the forages freely until typical symptoms were observed; the test period was 70 d. 4 rabbits were selected randomly from each group on the 14 th, 35 th and 70 th day respectively; the testis and epididymis were collected. The activity of SOD was measured by hydroxylamine method, the mRNA expression was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), the level of SOD protein expression was measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot.【Result】The activity of SOD was measured by hydroxylamine method, the mRNA expression was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), the level of SOD protein expression was measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot. The result showed that the activity of SOD, the expression of SOD mRNA and protein decreased in poisoning rabbits testis and epididymis were very significant lower than that of the control group (P<0.01) form 35 th day.【Conclusion】The results showed that O. glabra DC has remarkable effects on the expression of SOD mRNA and protein in rabbit testis and epididymis, presenting a certain time dose effect. The activity and expression change in SOD is highly associated with O. glabra DC poisoning and it may play an important role in this process.

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A Retrospective Survey Analysis of Superovulation in Mutton Sheep GUO Yan-hua, WAN Peng-cheng, LIU Chang-bin 2017, 54(8): 1550-1558.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1104KB) ( )   【Objective】 Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer ( MOET ) is an important applied technology to improve the genetic potential of sheep. There are many factors that affect donor superovulation, and a large amount of data is needed to support it.【Method】A retrospective survey about the factors such as Follicle stimulating hormone resource, breed, daily ration, age, superovulation interval and dosage were analyzed and summarized between superovulation responses in our application for mutton sheep.【Result】The results showed that domestic FSH was equal to Canadian FSH in superovulation response (P＞0.05), different breeds of mutton sheep had no significant difference in superovulation response (P＞0.05); It was remarkable between youth and adult in the superovulation response (P＜0.05); It was the same to ration supply(P＜0.05). The donor received the largest number of embryos when repeatedly superovulated by short internal, the increased FSH dosage impacted superovulation response signivicantly in mutton sheep (P＜0.05), but continuous repeatedly superovulation had no obvious effect (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】In conclusion, the influencing factors could be divided into remarkable and indistinctive factors. Age, daily ration, superovulation interval and dosage can be relegated to the remarkable factors and breed can be classified to the indistinctive factors.

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Determination of phosphate in water by the complexes of malachite green- phosphomolybdate spectphotometry Zhu Jing-rong, Wen Yun-jie, Song Shu-hui, Ma Lei, Zhang Jin-yao, Wang Hong 2017, 54(8): 1559-1565.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.08.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (1293KB) ( )   【Objective】 Phosphorus molybdenum blue spectrophotometry is a commonly used method for the determination of phosphate in water, but it is not suitable for low concentration (<0.04 mg / L). This paper attempts to establish a more accurate method for the determination of trace phosphate in water. 【Method】 The maximum absorption wave length, the ratio and amount of malachite green and concentrated sulfuric acid in the colorant, the amount of PVA, the color stability time and so on were optimized in the range of the maximum absorption wave length of the malachite green-phosphomolybdate heteropoly acid spectrophotometry. The recovery rate, precision and detection limit of the optimized method were studied using a lake sample and a series of low concentrations of phosphorus standard solution.【Results】 The maximum absorption wavelength was 620 nm, the volume ratio of ammonium molybdate(176.5 g/L)/sulfuric acid(11.2 g/L)/malachite green was 40/32/34 in chromogenic agent. The proportion of color reagent in color development accounted for 8%, PVA 4%. Color stability time was up to 12 h. The detection limit was 1.2 μg/L, the relative standard deviation RSD was in the range of 8.3% -9.1% when the phosphorus concentration was less than 10.00 μg / L, and the RSD was less than 5% when the P concentration was more than 10.00 μg/L. The recovery rate was in the range of 97.0%-108.2%. 【Conclusion】The modified malachite green-phosphomolybdate heteropoly acid spectrophotometric detection limit is low, the sensitivity is high, the linear range is wide, the color solution is stable, the accuracy and precision meet the water quality requirement, and the operation is simple and suitable for the microphosphate content of the detection.