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20 August 2020, Volume 57 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry
Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Forestry
Plant ProtectionoMicrobesoSoil Fertilizer·Water Saving Irrigation·Agroecological Environmento Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection·Prataculture


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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry

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Deep Sequencing to Identify Maize miRNA Responding to Drought Stress in Floral Organ Differentiation Stages and Its Target Genes WANG Yejian, LIANG Xiaoling, Abulati Abra, HAN Dengxu, YANG Jie, XI Haojiang, LIU Jun, LI Mingdong 2020, 57(8): 1373-1384.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1921KB) ( )   【Objective】 Modern molecular biology and high-throughput sequencing technology were applied to screen different miRNAs and their target genes that respond to drought stress during the differentiation of tassel flower organs in different cultivars of corn, thus further excavating and identifying genes related to maize development and reveal signaling pathways and molecular regulatory networks for differences in traits.【Methods】 The drought-tolerant inbred line "PHBA6" and the drought-sensitive inbred line "Ji 63" were used as the research objects. The miRNA library was constructed using deep sequencing technology to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs. The target genes were subjected to functional annotation, cluster analysis and pathway enrichment.【Results】 A total of 337 precursor miRNAs were identified, including 289 known miRNAs and 48 new miRNAs. A total of 155 differentially expressed miRNAs were found in the three libraries in two groups. Target prediction, GO functional classification and genetic and genomic (KEGG) -based functional enrichment showed that these miRNAs might play a role in drought stress by targeting a range of stress-related genes. Analysis showed that at least 55 predicted target genes were further regulated by 60 miRNAs. Further analysis showed that the NAC, MYB and MAPK gene families scored highest under drought stress, indicating that they played an important role in drought resistance of plants. According to the target gene prediction, a series of cotton miRNAs were related to these top genes, including miR164, miR172, miR1520, miR6158, ghr-n24, ghr-n56, and so on.【Conclusion】 miRNAs may play an important role in drought tolerance during the differentiation of maize tassel flower organs. The screening of miRNAs provided new targets for molecular-assisted breeding and transgenic breeding.

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Effects of Plant Spacing on Canopy Structure and Yield of Cotton under Different Capillary Spacing ZHANG Weitao, YANG Pei, DUAN Songjiang, DOU Qiaoqiao, CHEN Xiuling, ZHANG Jusong 2020, 57(8): 1385-1392.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1287KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of interaction between capillary spacing and planting density on cotton canopy structure and yield, and to explore the optimal combination of capillary spacing and planting density in the hope of improving population structure and yield.【Methods】 The experiment adopted the machine planting pattern of one film and three lines with equal spacing of 76 cm. Xinluzao No. 61 was selected as the experimental material. The experiment design was split area. The main area was set with capillary spacing: one film, two pipes and three lines, one film, three pipes and three lines. Each capillary was set with three spacing configurations: 6, 8 and 10 cm. Plant height, LAI, MLA, DIFN, TC and yield were measured at different growth stages.【Results】 Under the same plant distance, the plant height of treatment with one film and three pipes increased by 1.4-3.6 cm compared with that of treatment with one film and two pipes. Under the same capillary spacing, the height of treatment with D8 was 7.6-9.3 cm higher than that of treatment with D6, and that of treatment with D10 was 1.8-2.3 cm higher than that of treatment with D8. After budding, the LAI and MLA of treatment with I3D8 kept a higher value, and the boll number, boll weight and lint percentage of a single plant increased significantly compared with that of treatment with D6, and the highest lint yield was obtained. 【Conclusion】 After full bud treatment, D8 treatment can better regulate the contradiction between population density and individual development of cotton, maintain a high Lai and MLA, which is an important reason to improve boll number, boll weight and lint percentage of a single plant under a certain planting density.

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Adaptability Evaluation of Cotton Varieties (Lines) Based on Growth Period and Agronomic Traits WANG Junduo, ZHENG Juyun, GONG Zhaolong, AI Xiantao, GUO Jiangping, Moming, LI Xueyuan, LIANG Yajun 2020, 57(8): 1393-1403.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1674KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen cotton varieties (lines) with moderate growth period, good adaptability, high yield and high quality, and provide variety support for promoting cotton production in Xinjiang.【Methods】 Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to conduct comprehensive evaluation of 19 characters of 20 cotton materials tested for 2 consecutive years.【Results】 The relationship between fertility and CK changed greatly in the two-year experiment; there were a large number of significant and extremely significant correlations in the correlation analysis between 19 indicators of 20 test materials. In the principal component analysis, six principal components were extracted from the two-year test results. The highest comprehensive factor score in 2017 was J170634 (0.517), and the highest comprehensive factor score in 2018 was J170647 (0.609).【Conclusion】 Among the 20 materials, J170640, J170647, and J170650 all performed well for two years, and had strong ecological adaptability. J170644, J170645, J170646 and others showed a large difference in adaptive performance and poor stability in the two years; J170633, J170632 demonstrated a poor ecological adaptability in this region. Stability should be one of the important indicators of cotton adaptability evaluation.

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Regulation on Cotton Canopy Photosynthetic Effective Radiation and Yield YAO Qingqing, SUN Huijian, LUO Jing, DENG Yongming, LI Weiping 2020, 57(8): 1404-1410.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1377KB) ( )   【Objective】 Based on the photosynthesis effective radiation (PAR) obtained by reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer to regulate cotton growth, this project aims to study the relationship between cotton APAR and FAPAR and yield in the hope of improving the cotton group light energy utilization ratio and yield.【Method】 The same amount of basal fertilizer was applied to the five nitrogen treatments, and the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced in proportion to different treatments, and the photosynthetic effective radiation of cotton population was monitored at each growth stage.【Result】 The changes of APAR and FAPAR in the growth stage of 5 nitrogenous cotton plants were similar. The values of APAR and FAPAR increased gradually from bud stage to flowering stage and bolling stage, and then decreased gradually to the lowest level at wadding stage. The ranking order was: N1>N2>N3>N4>N5, and APAR and FAPAR of cotton had extremely significant positive correlation with seed cotton yield.【Conclusion】 Nitrogen reduction regulation has an important effect on the dynamic changes of cotton APAR and FAPAR, and the canopy structure of cotton population can be optimized and yield can be increased by using its changing characteristics in the growth period.

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Effect of Chlorpromazine on Sugar Accumulation and Yield Formation of Sugar Beet PAN Jinghai, Abdukadier Kurban, LIU Huajun, YANG Hongze, LI Jinhu, Ilidarjiang Ablimiti, ZHANG Bao 2020, 57(8): 1411-1420.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1226KB) ( )   【Objective】 To select the suitable application times of chlorpromazine for beet sugar accumulation and yield formation.【Methods】 The KWS-9147 sugar beet variety was used as the test material, and a quanquat solution (50%) was selected. The field random design was used, and 4 treatments were set, and the quanquat was sprayed 0 times (CK) and once at different times. (D1), 2 times (D2), and 3 times (D3). The effects of spraying chlormequat on the characteristics of sugar beet plants, dynamic changes of sugar accumulation, sugar accumulation response to meteorological factors, and yield formation were studied.【Results】 Spraying chlormequat 3 (D3) and 2 (D2) treatments reduced the beet plant height and dead leaf number by 19.77%, 11.24%, 17.52%, and 17.44%, respectively, compared to CK treatment; root length and root diameter increased 26.37%, 19.90%, 10.37%, 5.93% respectively; and the sweet menu root weight and sugar content increased by 16.54%, 13.38%, 6.60%, and 5.95%, respectively, so that the yield of sugar beet and the yield of sugar increased respectively. It reached 12.69%, 8.90%, 20.17% and 15.35%. There was no significant difference between D2 and D3 treatments (P> 0.05). The dynamic changes of sugar accumulation in D2 treatment coincided with the dynamic changes of local accumulated temperature and daily average temperature, and the fitted values were 0.985,4 and 0.898,6, respectively.【Conclusion】 Two times of treatment (D2) effectively promoted the formation of sugar content and relatively high sugar content in sugar beet in Kashi, southern Xinjiang.

Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Forestry

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Physiological Indexes of Nine Melon Varieties under NaCl Stress MAO Jiancai, XIONG Mu, ZHAI Wenqiang, YI Hongping, HUANG Yuan, ZHANG Xuejun 2020, 57(8): 1421-1430.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1540KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the salt tolerance of nine melon varieties in Xinjiang.【Methods】 Using hydroponic culture and substrate cultivation, the effects of short-term NaCl stress of 100 mM on dry matter accumulation, root configuration parameters and photosynthetic parameters of muskmelon were analyzed, and the salt tolerance ability of different varieties was determined, which provided the basis for salt-resistant breeding of melon.【Results】 (1)After 5 days of salt stress in hydroponics, the fresh weight below ground, fresh weight above ground, and the root configuration parameters such as total root length, root surface area of Zajiaojiashigua always decreased less than the other 8 varieties, with better salt tolerance.Sairekekekouqi showed the greatest reduction in underground fresh weight and root configuration parameters, and poor salt tolerance. The underground dry weight of Huangdanzi, Kalakesai and Zajiaojiashigua was not significantly different from that of the control.(2) After 25 days of salt stress in the short-term substrate cultivation period, the root length, stem length, leaf number, root fresh weight, stem fresh weight and leaf fresh weight of Zajiaojiashigua decreased significantly compared with the control group, followed by Huangdanzi; Photosynthetic parameters showed at vegetative stage, the photosynthetic rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of Zajiaojiashigua were always lower than those of the rest 8 varieties, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate dropped lower than those of the rest 8 varieties of Huangdanzi; Moreover, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and of Sairekekekouqi decreased the most. (3)The decrease of chlorophyll content in the third true leaf of Huangdanzi and Zajiaojiashigua was relatively little, and the salt damage was the least. The decrease of chlorophyll content in the third true leaf of Sairekekekouqi was the greatest, and the salt damage was the heaviest.【Conclusion】 In conclusion, 100 mM NaCl salt threats of melon growth and physiological characteristics had serious inhibition, and Zajiaojiashigua and Huangdanzi showed salt tolerance, Paotaihong, Akekekouqi and Sairekekekouqi showed salt sensitivity.

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Quality Changes of Sugar Core Red FujiApple under Two Storage Conditions ZHOU Wenjing, LI Wensheng, WANG Anli, WU Zezhen, HU Anhong 2020, 57(8): 1431-1442.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (3939KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the quality changes of sugar-core and sugar-core-free red Fuji apple during storage at room temperature and at 4℃ in the hope of providing the basis for the production, cultivation and storage of Aksu sugar-core red Fuji apple.【Method】 The red Fuji apple was stored at room temperature and at 4℃. After 26 days of storage, the probability and quality changes of sugar-core fruit and sugar-core-free fruit were investigated every other week or so.【Results】 On the 54th day, the sugar-core of fruits stored at room temperature all disappeared, few fruits stored at 4℃ still had sugar-core, and with the extension of storage time, the sugar-core of fruits stored at 4℃ all disappeared, without browning or rotting. Under the two storage conditions, the fruit shape index, single fruit weight and a* value of the sugar-core and the sugar-core free were not significantly different. The fruit hardness of sugar-core and sugar-core free fruit decreased and there were not significant deference. The soluble solids content of sugar-core and sugar-core-free fruit was highest around the peel and lowest in the core. The content of soluble sugar and organic acid not change obviously. Under 4°C and normal temperature storage conditions, the sucrose content of the sugar-core is lower than that of the sorbitol content of the sugar-core was lower than that of the sugar-core free after 34 days storage at room temperature, the sorbitol content of the sugar core was higher than that of the sugar-core free on the 60 th day at 4℃. Fructose and glucose at the initial stage of cold storage at 4℃ and at room temperature were lower than that of sugar-core free, but at the end of storage, it was opposite to the initial storage. 【Conclusion】 With the extension of storage time, "sugar-core " will gradually disappear, but its commercial property does not decrease significantly, which is not exactly the same as the performance of water core disease, and it is a product formed under special geographical conditions.

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Effects of Different Growth Regulators and Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Appearance Quality of Jujube SONG Yawei, CHEN Hong, ZHANG Shubin, CUI Weijie, HU Anhong, LONG Jianchun 2020, 57(8): 1443-1449.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1383KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different concentration regulators and leaf fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics, fruit setting rate and fruit appearance quality of jujube leaves in the hope of providing theoretical basis for high quality and high yield cultivation of jujube in Xinjiang.【Method】 Jujube was taken as experimental material, Gibberellin, boric acid and amino acid foliar fertilizer were sprayed to determine the photosynthetic characteristics of jujube leaves, fruit setting rate and fruit appearance quality of jujube. 【Result】 The results showed that the photosynthetic index of leaves, fruit setting rate and fruit quality of jujube could be improved significantly by spraying growth regulator and leaf fertilizer. The Pn and Tr-values of jujube leaves by T3-treated were significantly higher than those of CK control treatment. The WUE value of jujube leaves treated with T3 was the highest, 4.35% higher than that of the CK; T4 treatment had the highest increase in fruit setting rate, which was 4.81% higher than that of the CK control treatment; Under T3 treatment, the average single fruit weight, pulp weight, and horizontal diameter of jujube fruit reached a maximum, which was significantly higher than that of the CK control treatment. After T4 treatment, the vertical diameter of jujube fruit reached a maximum, and the processing of T1 to T7 reduced the fruit shape index of jujube fruit. There was little difference in the edible rate of fruit. 【Conclusion】 To sum up, it is recommended that 20 to 30 mg/L Gibberellin, 0.2% boric acid, and 1,000 times amino acid leaf fertilizer be applied, which will help increase plant photosynthesis and increase the yield and fruit appearance quality.

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Comparative Study on Pollen Viability and Stigma Availability (Prunus dulcis) ZHANG Xiangfei, YUE Wanwan, LIU Quanxin, ZENG Bin, HAO Qing, Abudoukayoumu Ayimaiti 2020, 57(8): 1450-1456.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1530KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide a reference and theoretical support for the practice of artificial pollination and related research of almonds in the hope of providing a preliminary theoretical basis for the further smooth study of affinity pollination.【Method】 Six almonds varieties at home and abroad were used as experimental materials, I2-KI staining method was used to determine the changes of pollen activity of almonds varieties on different anthesis days, and benzidine hydrogen peroxide method was used to determine the stigmatization of almonds varieties.【Result】 The pollen vigor determined by the two methods was the largest and the smallest was Make; the pistil length of Shitou, Jianzuihuang and Yingzui reached the maximum and strong acceptability on the second day after anthesis, and the pistil length of Mission, Butter and Make reached the maximum and had strong acceptability on the 3rd day after anthesis , and the pistil length of Shitou, Jianzuihuang and Yingzui reached the maximum and strong acceptability on the 3rd day after anthesis, and the pistil length of Mission, Butter and Make reached the maximum and strong acceptability on the 3rd day after anthesis.【Conclusion】 The pollen collected on the second day after anthesis and the Shitou on the 2nd day after anthesis, Jianzuihuan, Yingzui and the Mission, Butter and Make stigmas on the 3rd day were artificially powdered, which provided the theoretical basis for the breeding of almond varieties.

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Effects of Combined Application of N, P and K on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Development Periods Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellanay LU Mingyan, SONG Fenghui, SHI Yanjiang, WANG Lingzhe, LUO Da, ZHANG Jin 2020, 57(8): 1457-1464.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1111KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide a scientific reference for improving the yield and quality of hazelnuts in Pingou hybrids. 【Methods】 Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellanay from the 8th Anniversary of Xinjiang were taken as the research object and the "3414" field fertilizer effect test was used to determine the diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves and yield of the scorpion in different development periods under different fertilization ratios. 【Results】 (1)In the case of specific medium soil nutrient, the application of N fertilizer could improve the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the fruit setting(N purified amount was less than 0.71 kg/plant), fast-growth period (N purified amount was less than 0.95 kg/plant), lipidation (N purified amount was less than 0.89 kg/plant)and maturity stages (N purified amount is less than 0.66 kg/plant)of Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana Xinzhen1; Application of P fertilizer could improve the net photosynthetic rate in the lipidation stages (P purified amount was less than 0.29 kg/plant); Application of K fertilizer could improve the net photosynthetic rate in the fast-growth period (K purified amount was less than 0.25 kg/plant);(2) The interaction between N fertilizer and P fertilizer (N×P) could improve the net photosynthetic rate in the fast-growth period, but could reduce the net photosynthetic rate in the fruit setting, lipidation and maturity stages of Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana Xinzhen1; The interaction between N fertilizer and K fertilizer(N×K)could reduce the net photosynthetic rate in the fast-growth period and lipidation stages; the interaction between P fertilizer and K fertilizer(P×K)could reduce the net photosynthetic rate in the maturity stages. 【Conclusion】 When pursuing the goal of maximizing output, the N, P and K fertilization amount (pure amount) parameters for the Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellanay root fertilizer were: N fertilizer 0.81 kg/plant, P fertilizer 0.23 kg/plant, and K fertilizer 0.19 kg/plant. After conversion, the application amount of for urea, heavy calcium and potassium sulfate was respectively 1.75, 0.50 and 0.37 kg/ plant.

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Effects of Organic Substitution on Soil Properties and Root Vitality and Berry Quality of Wine Grape LU Jie, YAN Pengke, MA Tinghui, WANG Rui 2020, 57(8): 1465-1473.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1269KB) ( )   【Objective】 long-term application of chemical fertilizer and no or less organic fertilizers during the fertilization management of wine grapes at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxiasoil compaction, land quality decline, fertilizer utilization rate, wine grape quality decline and othershe effects of organic substitution on soil properties, root vitality and berry quality of wine grapes.【Methods】 Taking the 6-year-old wine grape variety "Cabernet Sauvignon" as the research object, CK (no fertilizer), T1 (100% chemical fertilizer), T2 (100% organic fertilizer), T3 (50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer), T4 (25% organic fertilizer + 25% chemical fertilizer + soil conditioner).【Results】 The results showed that: 50% organic substitution, compared with no fertilizer application and 100% chemical fertilizer treatment, in the 20-40 cm soil layer soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content increased by 26.17%, 14.61%, and 44.65%, 22.81%, in the 40-60 cm soil layer, soil respiration intensity and microbial biomass phosphorus content increased by 59.23%, 25.71%, and 66.23%, 19.07%, respectively, and soluble solids and solid acid ratios decreased by 7.12%, 4.75% and 21.99%, and 14.92 %, the titratable acid and tannin content increased by 19.05%, 11.94% and 25.36%, 12.24%, respectively, and the total phenol and anthocyanin contents increased by 17.70%, 9.94% and 35.22%, 18.92%.【Conclusion】 Combining the various indicators and conducting principal component analysis, it was concluded that chemical fertilizer with 50% organic fertilizer had the best effect on improving soil properties and wine grape berry quality.

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Effects of Regeneration Patterns on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Picea schrenkiana var tianshanica WANG Weixia, YANG Guang, WANG Zhenxi 2020, 57(8): 1474-1483.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1609KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of different regeneration patterns on soil carbon and nitrogen in Picea schrenkiana in the hope of understanding the biogeochemical cycle of carbon and nitrogen.【Method】 The effects of different regeneration patterns on soil carbon and nitrogen contents in Picea schrenkiana of Xinjiang were studied by using the survey methods of typical samples. 【Result】 The results showed that the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content decreased gradually with the increase of soil layer under different regeneration patterns. The difference of soil organic carbon content between different regeneration patterns was mainly in the 0-25 cm soil layer. Compared with the aged Picea schrenkiana forest, the soil organic carbon content in the 0-10 cm soil layer of natural renewal forest, man-led and artificial regeneration forest decreased by 21.08 , 27.83 and 53.2 g/kg, respectively; the content of 10-25 cm soil layer decreased by 9.09, 13.88 and 13.83 g/kg, respectively, and all of them were significantly different with the aged Picea schrenkiana forest (P< 0.05). But the difference of the total nitrogen content under different regeneration patterns was mainly in the 0-10 cm soil layer, which was decreased by 0.44 , 0.71 and 0.98 g/kg, respectively, compared with the aged Picea schrenkiana forest, and the differences were significant (P< 0.05). Different regeneration patterns affected the storage of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. The order of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage in 0-75 cm layer was natural renewal forest man-led forest artificial regeneration forest. 【Conclusion】 Different regeneration patterns have different effects on soil carbon and nitrogen. The decline of soil carbon and nitrogen contents was significant in artificial regeneration forest and the topsoil was the most sensitive and the fastest decline, whereas the drop of them was slowly in natural renewal forests.

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The Extraction of Single Wood Canopy of Picea Schrenkiana var tianshanica Forest Based on UAV Image YANG Yongqiang, WANG Zhenxi, SHI Yuxia, LIAN Ling, GAO Yali 2020, 57(8): 1484-1492.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1725KB) ( )   【Objective】 The tree crown growth status can be used as an important index to judge the good growth of trees, and the extraction of tree crown information can estimate forest survey indexes such as stand density and growth quantity. 【Methods】 Based on the remote sensing image of UAV, the underground Picea Schrenkiana var tianshanica forest in Xinjiang Agricultural University Internship Forest Farm was taken as the research object. LOG combined with the maximum inter-class variance was used to find the optimal threshold (Otsu) to process the image, and the mark-controlled watershed segmentation method was applied to extract the crown information of the single tree of Picea Schrenkiana var tianshanica with three different depression densities.【Results】 The results showed that the optimized mark-controlled watershed segmentation method could solve the problem of over-segmentation, and the F measurements extracted from the crown information of the single tree were 98.26%, 92.91% and 87.57%, respectively in the sparse, medium and dense forest areas.【Conclusion】 The method used in this paper has high accuracy in extracting single tree crown information, which can better evaluate the growth status of Picea Schrenkiana var tianshanica forest, and provide reliable technical support for the regeneration and restoration of Picea Schrenkiana var tianshanica forest.

Plant ProtectionoMicrobesoSoil Fertilizer·Water Saving Irrigation·Agroecological Environmento Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection·Prataculture

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Prediction of Cotton Plant Height Based on UAV Image YAN An, GUO Tao, CHEN Quanjia, GENG Hongwei, GUO Bin, SUN Fenglei 2020, 57(8): 1493-1502.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (21007KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to make use of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing image technology platform to obtain the phenotypic information of field crop height through rapid, non-destructive and high-throughput methods, which is of great significance for the growth monitoring and yield prediction of cotton varieties (lines).【Method】 In this paper, UAV is equipped with high-definition digital camera to form a low-altitude remote sensing platform and low-altitude UAV remote sensing technology was used to obtain regional high-precision remote sensing images for 110 cotton varieties (lines) in the flowering and boll period planted in the cotton breeding test field base of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Shawan County, Xinjiang, and measured the actual plant height of the ground manually. Firstly, we used the Pix4D mapper and the high-definition digital image to generate the Digital Surface Model (DSM) and the Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) of the study area. Then, based on DOM and high-definition DSM, the Kriging interpolation method was used to generate the discrete Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area. The Crop Height Model (CHM) of the study area was obtained by the difference between the high-definition DSM and the discrete DEM of the study area. Finally, regression analysis was carried out using the measured plant height (H) of different varieties (lines) and the CHM of the extracted cotton.【Results】 The DOM could quickly and non-destructively monitor the growth, leaf color trait differences and distribution of cotton varieties (lines) at the flower-boll stage. According to the DEM and cotton plant height distribution maps extracted by DSM and Kriging interpolation, the overall terrain of the study area was relatively flat, and the height difference was only 0.5 m. The constructed plant height model R2 reached 0.8469, and the verification model R2 also reached 0.7581, indicating that the drone equipped with a digital camera had a good applicability for cotton plant height measurement.【Conclusion】 The DEM generated by DOM, DSM and Kriging interpolation method generated by UAV images is used to extract cotton plant height (CHM) at flowering stage, which reaches relatively high accuracy. It provides a new research method for large-scale observation of cotton field plant height, which proves that the experimental research method is feasible.

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Detection of Pear Virus by High-Throughput Sequencing Technology YANG Jieping, ZHOU Li, Ma Li, QUAN Shaowen, Qin Yang, NIU Jianxin 2020, 57(8): 1503-1513.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1050KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide a new method for the detection of pear virus.【Methods】 Several flowers of 'Korla pear' were collected in mid-April 2014, 2017 and 2018, and the transcriptome was sequenced. The obtained sequences were transcribed, hierarchically clustered and functionally annotated. The sequence annotated as a plant virus was used as a candidate viral sequence. The randomly collected samples of pear branches were detected by RT-PCR to verify the reliability of high-throughput sequencing results.【Results】 According to the bioinformatics analysis of the three groups of transcriptome sequencing data, a total of 66 gene sequences, 202 gene sequences and 921 gene sequences were selected from the gene sequences annotated as plant viruses. Three kinds of viruses were reported to infect pear trees, namely, apple stem pitting virus, apple stem groove virus and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus. According to the designed specific primers, the four kinds of viruses were screened by RT-PCR, and only apple stem pitting virus and apple stem groove virus amplified the target fragment.【Conclusion】 High-throughput sequencing technology can be used as a rapid and effective means for detecting the pear virus.

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Analysis of Soil Enzyme Activity and Bacterial Diversity in Rhizosphere of Cotton and Several Economic Crops LIU Haiyang, WANG Wei, ZHANG Renfu, YAO Ju 2020, 57(8): 1514-1526.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (2274KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of the present investigation is to clarify effects of planting different disease-resistant cottons and different economic crops on soil enzyme activity and bacterial diversity in rhizosphere, and provide basis for exploring soil microecological regulation and control techniques in cotton fields.【Method】 Soil enzyme activity and bacterial diversity in rhizosphere of different disease-resistant cottons and six kinds of economic crops were detected by employing soil enzyme detection kit and high throughput sequencing technology.【Result】 There was no significant difference in catalase, dehydrogenase and urease activities in rhizosphere soil of cotton with different disease resistance, and there was no significant difference of the two sampling periods between May and July. Catalase, dehydrogenase and urease in the intercropping treatment between cotton and rice (Oryza sativa L.) were 3.84%, 28.7% and 45.2% higher than those in cotton monoculture, respectively, and those in rice treatment were 8.87%, 102.4% and 80.4% higher than those in cotton monoculture, respectively. Intercropping had an increase effect on soil enzyme activity, but it did not reach a significant level. The activities of soil enzymes in rhizosphere of three leguminous crops, Medicago sativa L., soybean and peanut, were generally higher than those of sugar beet, tomato and corn, but there was no significant difference. There was no significant difference in bacterial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and α diversity index between disease-resistant variety Xinluzhong 66 and disease-susceptible variety Junmian 1. The OTU number and Ace and Chao1 index of soil bacteria in rhizosphere of soybean, peanut and Medicago sativa L. were higher than those of cotton. The OTU number and α diversity index of soil bacteria in rhizosphere of three crops of tomato, corn and beet were lower than those of cotton, of which the increase of those of soybean was greater while the decrease of those of beet was greater, but there was no significant difference among different crops.【Conclusion】 During the single growth period, planting different disease-resistant cotton varieties and different crops, cotton-rice intercropping did not significant affect the enzyme activity, bacterial number and diversity of rhizosphere soil. It may take a longer growth cycle to change the soil microecological environment of cotton field through cotton and different crop collocation and intercropping and other modes.

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Occurrence of Fragrant Pear Valsa Canker in Korla and Its Fungicide Screening SONG Bo, Aimidula Keyimu, ZHU Xiaofeng, XU Bingqiang, Abudukeyimu Kader, YANG Sen 2020, 57(8): 1527-1534.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1454KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the actual occurrence of Fragrant Pear Valsa canker in Korla and screen out the suitable fungicide which can be applied for spraying and brushing on the trunks and main branches in the hope of providing theoretical bases for the prevention and control of the disease.【Methods】 Five-point sampling method was used to investigate the occurrence of rot disease in sample site fragrant pear and spraying liquid on the trunk was employed to screen the fungicide. And the recurrence rate was regularly investigated and treated to measure the healing width and the healing area of the disease for comprehensive evaluation of the effects of drug supply on the prevention and control of fragrant pear valsa canker in the field.【Results】 The field investigation results showed that the disease plant rate of fragrant pear valsa canker was 48.0%-92.0%, the average disease plant rate was 65.20%, the average scars were 7.05 pieces per plant, and the scars were mainly distributed on branches. The field efficiency test indicated that the whole scars had a good recovery with treatments by 90 days. In terms of the healing width of the scars, the average healing width of 10% difenoconazole reached 11.0 mm, significantly higher than those of other tested agents. The top two performance of the healing area ratio of disease scars were 3% methyl-thiumurin and 10% difenoconazole, and the average healing area ratio reached 71.2% and 63.6%, respectively.【Conclusion】 The fragrant pear valsa canker is serious and widespread in Korla area with an average incidence of 65.20%. The results of fungicide screening indicate that 10% difenoconazole has the best effect on the disease healing, and is suitable for the technique of spraying and brushing liquid on the trunk and main branches. It is suggested that 10% difenoconazole should be employed to control fragrant pear valsa canker.

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Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphate Fertilizer Application Rates on Growth Indicators and Yield of Alfalfa from Awei Irrigation District MA Tiecheng, ZHANG Hui 2020, 57(8): 1535-1541.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1291KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer levels in northern Xinjiang on the growth characteristics and yield of alfalfa by shallow buried drip irrigation technology.【Method】 The effects of growth indexes such as height, stem diameter and number of branches on yield of alfalfa under different fertilization levels were measured and analyzed through field experiments and the model was established and verified by regression analysis .【Result】 The plant height and stem diameter of alfalfa increased with the augment of fertilization amount, the maximum increase of plant height was the second crop. The growth rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were 27% and 20% respectively, the biggest increase of stem diameter was 6% in the first nitrogen treatment, and the WUE was up 31%. The amount of fertilization had little effect on the number of branches. The effect of different nitrogen fertilizer on alfalfa yield was simulated by regression equation W=11,072.41+15.74N, and it worked better.【Conclusion】 The shallow buried drip irrigation technology is used to carry out the alfalfa fertilization test. The suitable fertilization type and application rates can promote the growth of alfalfa and achieve the purpose of water saving and yield increase.

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Effects of Different Land Use Patterns on Soil Organic Carbon in Aksu Area YANG Guang, Aliya Alimu, WANG Weixia 2020, 57(8): 1542-1550.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1452KB) ( )   【Objective】 To reveal the effects of the conversion of farmland or wasteland to orchard or agroforestry on soil organic carbon in the Aksu region of Xinjiang.【Method】 In the Aksu area, the soils of five typical land use types such as sole wheat, jujube wheat intercropping, sole jujube, sole jujube in wasteland, and wasteland were collected to determine the soil organic carbon content and estimate its carbon storage.【Result】 The results showed that the conversion of farmland to orchard or agroforestry increased soil organic carbon concentrations and the organic carbon content in each layer of 0-40 cm soil layer increased significantly (P<0.05). After the transition from wasteland to orchard, the soil organic carbon in soil layers in 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 60-80 cm depths was all increased significantly (P<0.05). The soil organic carbon storage ranged from 2.21 to 14.31 t/hm2 in the 0-100 cm soil layer. According to the vertical distribution, the 0-40 cm soil layer was the main soil layer for organic carbon storage (the percentage 56.9%), which decreased with the increase of soil depth. The soil organic carbon content and storage in different soil layers under different land use patterns were all shown as follows: Jujube wheat intercropping > Sole jujube > Sole wheat > Sole jujube in wasteland > Wasteland. 【Conclusion】 It was found that the conversion of farmland or wasteland to orchard or agroforestry increased soil organic carbon concentrations and storage. Compared with other land use patterns, the jujube wheat intercropping system had higher carbon sequestration potential.

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Risk Assessment and Residual Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soil of Korla Fragrant Pear Producing Areas in Xinjiang and Gansu YAN Nana , WANG Zhi , LIU Zhihu , QIAO Kunyun , ZHANG Rui , GUO Hang , ZHAO Duoyong 2020, 57(8): 1551-1559.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1322KB) ( )   【Objective】 The main purpose of this study is to analyze the residual level of six heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr,Ni, Cu and Zn in the soil of three producing areas of Korla Fragrant Pear,namely Bazhou,Aksu in Xinjiang and Jiuquan in Gansu,and to evaluate the residual risk of heavy metals in the soil of the above main producing areas.【Method】 In this study, the residual levels of six heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn) in the soil of three pear producing areas in Bazhou, Aksu and Jiuquan City, Gansu Province were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP - MS). The pollution level of heavy metals in orchard soil was evaluated. At the same time, single factor index (SFI) method, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (NCPI) method and ecological hazard index (EHI) method were used to carry out ecological hazard risk assessment. 【Result】 The levels of heavy metal residues in the soils from three producing areas were lower than the limits of Farmland Environmental Qualilty Evalluation Stands for Edible Agricultural Products (HJ/T 332 - 2006). The levels of heavy metal residues in pear orchard soils were at an acceptable safety level. Compared with soil background values in Xinjiang and Gansu Provinces, the six heavy metals in pear orchards showed different accumulation phenomena. The potential ecological risk index (RI) of Bazhou, Aksu and Jiuquan were 57.67,72.14 and 55.61,respectively,which were at low risk level, but Cd element was the most contributing ecological risk factor in the three producing regions and should deserve our close attention.【Conclusion】 The heavy metals in the soil of Korla Fragrant Pear orchards in Xinjiang and Gansu provinces are generally at a low ecological risk level and still belong to the production safety area.

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Protection and Utilization and Geographical Distribution of Phleum pretense in Xinjiang ZHANG Xianhua, ZHU Jinzhong, LI Jiangyan 2020, 57(8): 1560-1568.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.08.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1006KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to provide evidence for development and utilization of Phleum pretense in Xinjiang. The geographical distribution, the community characteristics, the development and utilization of Phleum pratense were analyzed in this paper. The systematic research work conducted can provide basic materials and scientific basis for new breed selection, germplasm innovation, and germplasm protection. 【Result】 (1) Wild Phleum pretense was important found in Xinjiang, China, and it was concentrated in the meadow vegetation from 1,900 to 2,200 m above sea level in the middle and west sections of the Tianshan Mountains;(2) Phleum pretense was very few in natural grasslands and often found in communities. Populations that appeared as companion and rare species, and few dominant species; (3) In natural grasslands, the individual spatial distribution of Phleum pretense populations was mostly clustered, with less random distribution.【Conclusion】 Xinjiang wild Phleum pretense had excellent characteristics of germplasm resources with important development and utilization value.