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20 December 2020, Volume 57 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Reso urces·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry
Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing·Plant Protection
Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization·Agricultural Eeconomy


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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Reso urces·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry

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Differences in Population Dynamics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of High-Yield Winter Wheat ZHANG Hongzhi, GAO Yonghong, WANG Lihong, KONG Depeng, ZHANG Yueqiang, LI Jianfeng, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, ZHAO QI, FAN Zheru 2020, 57(12): 2157-2163.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (784KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the differences of population dynamics and dry matter accumulation characteristics of different varieties in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the selection of high-yield varieties and the management of wheat cultivation in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Under field conditions, Xindong 20, Xindong 40, Xindong 57 and Xindong 60 were used as experimental materials to study the population dynamics, dry matter accumulation, transport, distribution and yield differences of the 4 varieties. 【Results】 The total stem number in the growth period of Xindong 40 and Xindong 20 was higher, but the tillering yield was lower. Xindong 60 had fewer tillers, higher tiller rate and stronger individual, which was conducive to the formation of large panicles. The dry matter accumulation was higher in the mature period of Xindong 60, and the distribution rate to grains was significantly higher than that of other varieties. The transfer volume of dry matter stored in vegetative organs to grains and its contribution rate to grains were higher after flowering. The contribution rate of dry matter to grains was 79% after flowering, which laid a foundation for higher yield. The number of panicles harvested from Xindong 40 and Xindong 20 were higher than those of Xindong 60 and Xindong 57, the number of grain per ear of new winter 60 was significantly higher than that of other varieties. 1,000-grain weight showed as Xindong 57 >Xindong 60 and Xindong 40>Xindong 20, the yield and grain volume weight of Xindong 60 were higher than those of other varieties. 【Conclusion】 Xindong 60 has fewer tillers and higher heading rate and the transfer volume of dry matter stored in vegetative organs to grains and its contribution rate to grains are higher after flowering; The dry matter accumulation and grain distribution rate in mature period are higher, thus obtaining higher number of grains per ear; The factors of production composition are more coordinated, and finally high yield is obtained.

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Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fluorescence Parameters of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation YANG Likang, JIANG Guiying, QI Jingyu 2020, 57(12): 2164-2175.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (2304KB) ( )   【Objective】 Drip irrigation technology has been gradually applied to the production of wheat and other closely planted crops due to its advantages of water saving, energy saving, labor saving and fertilization with water. However, there are some problems such as unreasonable nitrogen fertilizer input and low utilization rate. In this study, the effects of nitrogen reduction regulation on photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence parameters and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation were studied in the hope of providing a scientific basis for further improving spring wheat yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under drip irrigation in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Random block design was adopted, with nitrogen application amount as the main area and varieties as the secondary area. Using Xinchun 31 and Xinchun 6 as experimental materials, the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the whole growth period was set as 0 kg/hm2 (N0),225 kg/hm2 (N1), 250 kg/hm2 (N2), 275 kg/hm2 (N3), and 300 kg/hm2 (N4). 【Result】 The results showed that during the whole growth period of wheat, with the decrease of nitrogen application amount, the LAI of both varieties reached the maximum value at heading stage and the trend was first increasing and then decreasing. The SPAD value also increased first and then decreased. The change of Pn, Tr and Gs in wheat flag leaves was first increased and then decreased, while the change of Ci was first decreased and then increased, which was contrary to the change of Pn, Tr and Gs. Fv/Fm and Φ PS Ⅱ at flowering period in the maximum and the trend of change was first increasing and then decreasing; The yield of both varieties increased first and then decreased. The number of panicle and the number of grains per panicle increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer use, but the 1,000-grain weight increased first and then decreased. Among them, Xinchun 6 had the highest yield under N2 treatment, and Xinchun 31 had the highest yield under N3 treatment. Path analysis showed that among the three factors of yield, the number of panicle, grain number of panicle and 1,000-grain weight of both varieties had a great influence on the yield, but the 1,000-grain weight had little effect on the yield. 【Conclusion】 The optimum nitrogen application amount for Xinchun 31 is 275 kg/hm2, and the optimum nitrogen application amount for Xinchun 6 is 250 kg/hm2.

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Effects of Topdressing Nitrogen Fertilizer at Different Growth Stages on Growth Dynamics and Quality of Beer Barley ZHAO Yun, LI Pengbing, KONG Jianping, XIE Xiangwen, YU Tiansheng, ZHAO Liang, JIA Yonghong, WEI Haipeng, FANG Furong, XIANG Li 2020, 57(12): 2176-2185.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1552KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer on the economic characteristics and quality of beer barley during different growth periods, and determine the best topdressing time of nitrogen fertilizer for beer barley. 【Method】 Taking the barley varieties introduced and self-fertilized in recent years as test materials and using the split zone design, the effects and changes of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at different growth stages on the economic characteristics, yield and quality of different varieties were studied. 【Result】 With the delay of the nitrogen topdressing period, the heading and maturity periods were delayed; the application of nitrogen fertilizer at the booting and heading stages significantly increased the number of days of growth; the highest total stem number and effective ear number of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the two-leaf and one-heart stage showed the best performance with significant differences; plant height, yield components, and yield had the best effect of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage, and the differences were significant; protein content was positively correlated with the nitrogen topdressing period. With the backward shift of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, protein content was higher. 【Conclusion】 Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the two-leaf and one-heart stage can significantly improve the economic traits of beer barley; topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage can significantly increase the yield of beer barley and significantly improve its grain quality. Therefore, this study showed that topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage could achieve synergistic improvement of yield and quality.

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Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Introduced Spring Wheat Varieties (Lines) at Bud Stage ZHANG Yan, WANG Yonggang, XIAO Jing, WANG Li, XU Lin, REN Hailong, MA Yanming 2020, 57(12): 2186-2196.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (765KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to scientifically evaluate the drought resistance of imported spring wheat varieties(lines) from Kazakhstan, and to provide help for the breeding of drought resistant spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang. 【Method】 The measured values of imported spring wheats' bud length were 5.25-87.41 mm, germ sheath length were 5.25-40.18 mm, root length were 21.67-98.65 mm, bud fresh weight were 0.02-0.43 g, root fresh weight were 0.02-0.64 g, bud dry weight were 0.004-0.09 g,and root dry weight were 0.01-0.16 g.The measured values of each trait decreased under drought stress, and the bud was affected by drought stress more than the root. 【Result】 The measured values of bud length, germ sheath length, root length, bud fresh weight, root fresh weight, bud dry weight and root dry weight of imported spring wheat all decreased under drought stress, and the bud was affected by drought stress more than the root. 【Conclusion】 There were 11 varieties (lines) with better drought resistance: C1429 (Д 12 Зритроспермнм), C1442 (Д 315), C1446 (Д 320), C1428 (Д Бт－10), C1439 (Д 311), C1441 (Д 314), C1440 (Д 313), C1444 (Д 318), C1423 (54427), C1443 (Д 316) and C1431 (Д 254 No6, сар.29).

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Effects of Combining Cotton Artificial Detopping with Chemical Detopping on Cotton Agronomic and Yield Traits CUI Yannan, ZHANG Lu, ZHANG Te, KANG Zhenghua, ZHAO Qiang 2020, 57(12): 2197-2204.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (928KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effective combination of artificial topping and chemical capping to form a more complete cotton pruning technology in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for enhancing cotton pruning effect and increasing cotton yield. 【Method】 The effects of different treatments on agronomic and yield traits of cotton were analyzed by adjusting the chronological order of chemical capping and artificial capping with the amount of chemical capping agent sprayed. 【Result】 The results showed that compared with the previous chemical topping and manual topping control, the plant height was reduced by 6.37% and the average leaf branch growth was reduced by 0.35 cm. The number of cotton bolls was lower and the number of fruit branches. Fruit lengths of the last 1, 2 and 3 branches increased by 3.36 cm, and boll number per cotton plant increased, too. In each dose treatment, 300 mL/hm2 chemical capping agent performed well, its inhibition effect on leaf branch length, fruiting branch length and fruiting branch number had no significant difference with other treatments, but its cotton boll shedding number was lower, the boll number per plant was 6.25. Seed cotton yield and lint yield were the highest, 7,779.99 and 3,203.02 kg/hm2, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, the chemical capping agent 300 mL/hm2 sprayed 5 days after artificial topping can restrain the elongation of ineffective branches and prevent the falling off of the buds with the effect of increasing the yield by about 15.28%, which has certain application and popularization value

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Preliminary Study on Nitrogen Loss and Dynamic Change of Farmland under Different Water and Nitrogen Measures LUO Jianhang, WANG Haiting, ZHAO Ying, LIU Xiaotong, ZHANG Xuejun 2020, 57(12): 2205-2212.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1099KB) ( )   【Objective】 In view of the serious problem of nitrogen loss caused by improper management of corn water and fertilizer, the effects of different water and nitrogen measures on nitrogen leaching loss in farmland was studied with corn in Yellow Irrigation Area of Ningxia as the test material. 【Method】 Using the methods of field experiment, sampling, indoor analysis and biostatistics, five treatments were set up CON (conventional treatment), RN(nitrogen reduction), SRN(nitrogen reduction and water saving), SMN(water saving and increasing organic fertilizer application) and CRF(controlled-release fertilizer application). 【Result】 Soil water content was one of the factors affecting leaching capacity, while irrigation volume was the main factor affecting leaching capacity. Water-saving and controlled irrigation treatment (SRN and SMN) produced less leaching water than conventional irrigation treatment (CON, RN and CRF), and compared with conventional irrigation, the water amount of water leaching in water-saving controlled irrigation treatment decreased by 14.6%-18.4%; Total nitrogen, soluble total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations in soil leached water showed a decreasing trend during the year, all of which showed peaks after base fertilization or the first topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer. It was the key period to control nitrogen loss, and it also showed that nitrogen application was the main factor affecting the nitrogen concentration in leaching water. From 2016 to 2018, the order of total nitrogen spray loss was CON> RN > SRN > SMM > CRF, and the total nitrogen spray loss of CRF decreased by 21.4-43.0 kg/hm2 compared with CON. 【Conclusion】 CRF treatment in this test has the best effect on reducing nitrogen leaching loss. Compared with CON treatment, the reduction ratio of total nitrogen leaching loss is 68.4%-74.7%.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing·Plant Protection

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Analysis on Fruit Characteristics and Genotype of MYB10 Promoter in Xinjiang Red-Fleshed Apple YAN Peng, ZHU Yanfei, MEI Chuang, FEN Beibei, HAN Liqun, Aishangjian Maimaiti, MA Kai, WANG Jixun 2020, 57(12): 2213-2220.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (817KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the promoter type of red fresh gene MYB10 in Xinjiang red fresh apple (Malus sieversiif neidzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf and the fruit characteristics. The results lay a foundation for further study on red fresh apple breeding in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The promoter type of 29 red fresh apple were detected by PCR cloning,measured fruit weight,diameter and observed the color of the flesh. 【Results】 The color of flesh was light red, The red part was not continuously distributed in the pulp.The variation coefficients of friut weight were 57.10%,the maximum of single fruit weight was 124.57 g;The shape index of fruit maximum was 1.01, the minimum was 0.82; The soluble solids content maximum was 17.36, minimum value was 10.66; The thickness of stalk maximum was is 2.50 mm, minimum value was 1.02 mm;The length of stalk maximum was 34.36 mm,minimum value was 13.48 mm;The MYB10 promoter type of 29 germplasm red fresh apple was R6R1. 【Conclusion】 The same type of promoter of 29 red fresh apples was R6R1, The fruit characters had abundant genetic diversity and The red part in the pulp was not continuously distributed.

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Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of Almond AcDHN1 Gene WANG Min, LI Jiang, LI Peng, TIAN Jia, LUO Shuping 2020, 57(12): 2221-2229.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (2560KB) ( )   【Objective】 The dehydrin gene was cloned and analyzed in order to identify the role of AcDHN1 gene in plant resistance of Amygdalus communis. 【Method】 Using Xinjiang cultivated almond 'zhipi' leaves, according to the reported DHN gene primers through the PCR technique to clone and analyze its prokaryotic expression of the AcDHN gene. 【Result】 we cloned a AcDHN1 (GeneBank accession NO.KT949395), this gene was 924 bp and encoding 308 amino acids, was a stable hydrophilic protein, belonging to Y2Kn Dehydrin, speculated with 32.4 kD molecular weight, which subcellular localization was in nucleus. We connect the gene to prokaryotic expression vector to construct recombinant plasmid pET-AcDHN1, then we transformed the pET-AcDHN1 into E. coli BL21 (DE3) and induced. The SDS-PAGE result showed the protein was 52.7 kD in molecular weight and was consistent with the expected. 【Conclusion】 Through optimized the recombinant protein induction conditions we got the expressing condition was 0.1 mmol/L IPTG and 3 hours induction.

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Observation on the Growth and Development Characteristics of 7 Table Grapes ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Fuchun, ZHONG Haixia, LI Jiang, PAN Mingqi, WU Xinyu 2020, 57(12): 2230-2237.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1182KB) ( )   【Objective】 The research aims to study the growth and development characteristics of main table grape varieties in southern Xinjiang and provide theoretical basis for improving the quality of orchard cultivation management. 【Method】 Seven table grape varieties under the same site conditions in Atushi City, Xinjiang were used as research objects. The habits, phenological period, leaf traits, flowering characteristics and fruit development dynamics were investigated. 【Result】 The results showed that the germination rate of each grape variety was between 79% and 93%, and the coefficient was basically the same, but the difference in fruit branching rate was obvious. The highest value of the centennial seedless grape was 1.21, and the fruit branching rates of Menghuan seedless grape, white Munake and Hotan red grapes were the lowest, which were 1.03; The flowering period lasted for 6-11 days; the differences of leaves of each grape variety were: specific leaf weight per unit area > leaf heavy > leaf area > leaf length > petiole length > leaf length to width ratio > petiole width > leaf width > petiole thickness; Leaf weight per unit area of Xinyu was the highest, that was 0.08, and the lowest was found in white Munake, which was 0.03. 【Conclusion】 The highest chlorophyll content in grape leaves was found in white Munake grape and the growth and development of grape fruit showed a double "S" curve and single "S" curve.

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Construction of the Fingerprints of 19 Self-bred Grape (Vitis vinfera) Varieties (Lines) WANG Yong, SUN Feng, Sulaiman Aizezi, LI Yuling, WU Guohong, LUO Qiangwei, GUO Pingfeng 2020, 57(12): 2238-2249.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1181KB) ( )   【Objective】 To construct the fingerprints of 19 grape varieties (lines) by SSR technology in the hope of providing basis for seedling certification, variety registration and new plant variety protection. 【Method】 In this project, 19 grape varieties (lines) were used as test materials, 16 pairs of SSR labeled silver primers were used for PCR amplification and capillary electrophoresis to obtain the fingerprint bands, construct the fingerprint map, and select the primer combinations that could distinguish the 19 varieties (lines), encode the alleles and establish the germplasm molecular identity card. 【Result】 In this study, VRZAG67, VVS2, VVMD7, VCHR4a and VVMD5 were selected from 16 pairs of SSR markers, and 5 pairs of SSR markers with relatively high amount of polymorphism information were constructed. The fingerprints of varieties (lines) were constructed, and their assigned values were coded to form an identification code. 【Conclusion】 The fingerprints and molecular ID cards constructed can identify and distinguish 19 varieties (lines), but because there are many grape germplasms, if we continue to distinguish more varieties, we needed to increase the number of SSR primers.

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Effects of Water and Fertilizer Integration on Yield and Quality of Tomato Planting in Yellow Sand Substrate LIU Congcong, HUANG Chunyan, WANG Dengwei 2020, 57(12): 2250-2259.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1837KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to verify the advantages of yellow sand substrate and tomato planting effect, explore the influence of water and fertilizer integration technology on the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato in the hope of improving the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and solving the shortage of cultivated land, thus providing technical support for the agricultural construction of desert oasis in Northwest China. 【Methods】 The experiment selected and used three tomato strains F1 of 1812, 1814, and 1867 as test materials. Tomato seedling grew up in planting bag which was filled with yellow sand substrate and management used a water-fertilizer integrated system. Greenhouse tomato yield and quality parameters were statistically analyzed, and the membership function was used to comprehensively evaluate the 3 tested tomato strains inner quality, and finally it showed that planting bag cultivation with water-fertilizer integrated system had its the advantage and feasibility for tomato in yellow sand substrate growth. 【Results】 The results showed that the actual yields of the 3 Shijia tomato strains covered from 134.0 to 146.3 tons per hectare, all of which reached the high-yield level for greenhouse tomatoes. The inner quality of the tomato was at the middle or high levels, and the sugar-acid ratio was above 7.71, which was very suitable for fruit tomatoes. Shijia 1812 had the highest inner quality among the 3 tomato strains evaluated through comprehensive characters by fuzzy mathematics. 【Conclusion】 As an alternative substrate for tomato planting, the bag-type yellow sand substrate can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases and secondary salinization.

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Research Progress in the Research on Biology, Ecology and Integrated Prevention and Control Techniques of Rice Water Weevil in China HE Jiang, WANG Xiaowu, GUO Wenchao, DING Xinhua, FU Kaiyun, ZHANG Huiju 2020, 57(12): 2260-2269.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1599KB) ( )   【Objective】 The latest developments in the biology, ecology and comprehensive prevention and control technology of rice water weevil at home and abroad were summarized to provide an important reference for the monitoring, prevention and continuous research of rice water weevil in China. 【Method】 Related document document literature in domestic and foreign official website were collected, and these literature were analyzed contrastively. 【Result】 The rice-water weevil originated in the Mississippi River Valley. They occurred and established populations in rice-growing areas in South America, Asia, and Europe. This pest was discovered in Tanghai County of Hebei Province of China in 1988.At present, they were distributed in 403 counties (cities or regions) in 23 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). The main spreading and diffusion way of rice-water weevil in China were sporadic diffusion and rapid diffusion, including rice seedlings, meteorological wind, migration, crawling / flying movement, drifting with wind / water. Rice water weevil has complicated genetic structure and high heterogeneity in China, with higher differences. in population genetic. It moved mainly using three activities such as crawling, swimming and flying, and its migration and diffusion depend on airflow and water flow. The effects of constantly changing light intensity, humidity, temperature and airflow on the migration of rice water weevil are interactive and superimposed. The suitability of rice water weevil in China was generally N16.53-26.73 °, E97.85-116.75 °. 【Conclusion】 Rice water weevil has occurred and established populations in rice planting areas all around the world. The colonization and expansion of rice water weevil are related to different ecological environments. There was good result in prevention and control of rice water weevil using bioinformatics and other technologies. There are already had a emergency blockaded and integrated control technique in our country.

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The Manufacture and Determination of the Texture Characteristics of Xinjiang Nuts Q- elasticity Cut Cake ZHANG Ting, CHEN Yuhui, ZOU Shuping, PAN Yan, ZHANG Qian 2020, 57(12): 2270-2279.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1808KB) ( )   【Objective】 To obtain the best formula for Xinjiang nuts Q-elasticity cut cake in the hope of providing an ideas and reference for the development of the new products for Xinjiang nut cutting cakes. 【Method】 Based on the analysis of texture and sensory quality, the best formula of Q-elasticity cut cake was determined by single factor test and orthogonal test with walnut and raisin as the main raw material, supplemented by low-gluten flour, corn starch, cocoa powder, egg granulated sugar, etc. 【Result】 The result showed that the quality of products affected the order of the factors was: cocoa powder addition > the quality ratio of low-gluten flour and corn starch > sugar addition > dried fruit addition. The optimum formula of Xinjiang nuts Q-elasticity cut cake was as follows: the quality ratio of low-gluten flour and corn starch was 7∶3, cocoa powder addition 15 g, sugar addition 40 g, dried fruit addition 150 g. Under these conditions, the Xinjiang nuts Q-elasticity cut cake had the highest sensory evaluation. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the traditional Xinjiang nuts cut cakes on the market, the characteristics of this Xinjiang nuts Q-elasticity cut cake is characterized by soft texture, full elasticity, low sugar and unique taste, so it is likely to become a new baking cut cake product full of very promising prospect.

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Effects of Cultivation Mode and Nitrogen Application Rate on the Structure and Stability of Animal Community in Cotton Field JIANG Yiping, XIAO Liubin, ZHAO Jing, TAN Yongan, QIU Chen 2020, 57(12): 2280-2290.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1232KB) ( )   【Objective】 Different cultivation patterns and fertilization levels may affect the growth of cotton and then affect the occurrence of field pests. In this study, early maturing conventional cotton 50 was taken as material to study the effects of different cultivation patterns and nitrogen application on the community structure and stability ofarthropod communities in cotton field i n Dafeng, a coastal cotton area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and Nanjing, a cotton area along the Yangtze River. 【Method】 The investigation experiment was started at the 3-leaf stage of the cotton in direct seeding cotton fields, and the investigation was started on the 3rd day after cotton transplanting in transplant cotton fields. A random survey was used to look at all organs of the cotton plant and record the species and numbers of all arthropods on the cotton plants. 【Result】 Compared with the amount of nitrogen application, the effects of different cultivation measures on the number of individuals and the ratio of natural enemies and pests in cotton fields were significant, and the trends were consistent. Compared with the direct seeding cotton field, the transplanting cotton field was more conducive to the occurrence of natural enemies, and the ratio of natural enemies and pests was higher. Different nitrogen fertilizer application date had no significant effect on cotton field insects. The results of relative abundance showed that aphis gossypii, cotton whitefly, cotton plant-bug and thrips were the main pests in the cotton fields, and chrysopids, spider and ladybird were the main natural enemies. The population dynamics of main pests showed that cotton aphid, cotton spider mite, cotton thrip, cotton whitefly and cotton plant-bug were concentrated in mid and late August and early and mid-September. There were more cotton aphid and cotton spider mite in direct seeding cotton field. The numbers of cotton thrip and cotton plant-bug were more in the transplanted cotton field. The number of cotton thrip was relatively large in the cotton field without nitrogen fertilizer. The number of whitefly was relatively large in the entire c otton field. The population dynamics of natural enemies showed that the number of chrysopid was more in late August and early and mid-September. Spider and ladybird were abundant in late June and early and mid-July. Spider and ladybird were more in the transplanted cotton field. The number of chrysopid and ladybird were more in cotton field with nitrogen fertilizer. The analysis of community parameters showed that the diversity index and uniformity index of pest sub-communities in transplanted-N0 cotton fields were significantly higher than those in direct seeding-N0 cotton fields in Nanjing, while the dominant concentration index was the opposite; The diversity index and uniformity index of natural enemy sub-communities in transplanted-N10 cotton fields were significantly higher than those indirect seeding-N0 cotton fields in Dafeng, while the dominant concentration index was the opposite. 【Conclusion】 The dynamics and occurrence of insects in cotton fields are slightly different due to different cultivation measures and nitrogen application. The pest sub-community has the highest stability in the transplanted-N0 cotton fields, while the natural enemy sub-community has the highest stability in the transplanted-N10 cotton fields. In general, there is no significant difference in the stability of arthropod community among the treatments.

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Control Effects of 9 Pesticides on Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta (meyrick) Amire Yashengjiang, Adili Shataer, FU Kaiyun, DING Xinhua, HE Jiang, Tuershun Ahemaiti, GUO Wenchao, LI Xiaowei 2020, 57(12): 2291-2298.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (755KB) ( )   【Objective】 In Xinjiang in the hope of providing techniques to prevent it from further spreading. 【Methods】 2 doses of 9 kinds of insecticides were selected, and 18 field treatments and 1 water control were applied in the field. The insect population survey was conducted at 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after the treatment to calculate the insect population reduction rate and control effect to screen green and efficient pesticides. 【Results】 The field efficacy test results showed that: using 60 mL / 667m2 of Avi chlorobenzoyl SC, 42 mL / 667m2 of 24% methacylhydrazine SC, and 7.5 mL / 667m2 of 20% chlorantraniliprole SC, the control effect for the tomato leaf miner disease was more than 90%, and the latter two had the most obvious effect in the later stage, which was also persistent. 0.35% Azadirachtin EW at 37.5 mL / 667m2 had the lowest prevention effect in the whole process. 【Conclusion】 60 mL / 667m2 of Avi chlorobenzoyl SC, 42 mL / 667m2 of 24% methicylhydrazine SC, and 7.5 mL / 667m2 of 20% chlorantraniliprole SC should be used alternately among the pharmacy.

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Rapid Identification of Farmland's Cicadellidae in Southern Foothills of Pamirs Plateau in China Based on DNA Bar-coding Genes ZHANG Haiyan, CHEN Guanghui, ZHANG Xiuying, WANG Yutao 2020, 57(12): 2299-2309.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1273KB) ( )   【Objective】 More convenient and efficient identification techniques need to be explored to improve the identification rate.which can be used for rapid and accurate identification of Cicadellidae and provide basic data for the identification and prevention of Cicadellidae in this area. 【Methods】 In this research DNA bar-coding technology was used to obtain DNA bar-code of Cicadellidae, during which COI, Cytb, ITS2 genes were selected, PCR amplification was applied with universal primers and sequenced directly. Bioinformatics analysis software was used to compare and analyze the similarity of target gene sequences. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze genetic and evolutionary relationship. 【Results】 19 mtDNA sequences of COI,Cytb and ITS2 genes were acquired as DNA barcodes of Cicadellidae, including six COI genes, seven Cytb genes and 6 Cytb genes; Among them, one was a new COI sequence, five Cytb sequences and 6 ITS2 sequences, all of which were the first to be reported in this region. 【Conclusion】 Nineteen DNA bar codes of Cicadellidae are obtained, the rapid and accurate identification of 4 species of farmland’s Cicadellidae in the southern foothills of Pamirs Plateau came true.

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Effects of Seed Tuber and Soil Borne Inoculum on Potato Growth and Its Dry Rot Occurrence GUO Chengjin, YANG Bo, WANG Xigang, SHEN Ruiqing 2020, 57(12): 2310-2317.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (845KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide the basis for the comprehensive prevention and control technology of potato dry rot in Ningxia, the influence of infection source on the growth of potato and the occurrence of potato dry rot were studied, and the control effect of pre-sowing fungicide seed treatment on potato dry rot was studied. 【Method】 Two methods of seed tuber- and soil borne inoculums were used, and seed tube was treated with or without fungicides. The effects of different treatments on potato growth and potato dry rot were evaluated by field experiments. 【Result】 Seed tuber- and soil borne inoculums had an impact on potato growth and the occurrence of potato dry rot. The seedling emergence rate of seed tuber borne inoculum T1-1 treatment was 89.55%, and the plant height was 54.19 cm, which were lower than those of other treatments. The average number of diseased potatoes of progeny tubers treated with T1-1 was 8.95, the incidence rate was 34.00%, and the disease index was 20.64, which were much higher than those of other treatments. With the increase of soil borne inocula, the growth index of potato showed a decreasing trend, while the incidence of potato dry rot showed an increasing trend. The growth index of potato treated with fungicide seed dressing was higher than that without seed dressing, and the incidence of potato dry rot was lower than that without seed dressing. 【Conclusion】 Seed tuber borne inoculums is a key factor that causes the occurrence of potato dry rot. Seed dressing with fungicides could reduce the occurrence of potato dry rot.

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Evaluation of the Control Effect of Three Kinds of Seed Coating Agents on Wheat Snow Rot (Mildew) GAO Haifeng, BAI Weiwei, CHEN Li, SHEN Yuyang, YANG Anpei, ZHANG Hang, LEI Junjie, LIU Enliang, WANG Jian, LI Guangkuo 2020, 57(12): 2318-2324.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (992KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the field medicament screening test of wheat snow rot (mildew) disease and provide guidance for the scientific control of the disease in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Randomized block design was used to investigate the occurrence of wheat snow rot (mildew), the number of total stems and diseased stems in 1 m double row in each treatment. At the same time, the fresh weight of wheat above ground and underground was measured. 【Result】 The total stem numbers of wheat treated with 9% sedaxane – fludioxonil – difenoconazole SC with the dosage of 200 mL / 100kg seed and 400 mL / 100kg seed were (220.33 ± 9.82) and (202.67 ± 7.84) plants / 0.3 m2, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of CK treatment, and higher than that of 2.5% fludioxonil SC and 3% difenoconazole SC. The fresh weight of the whole plant of wheat treated with 9% sedaxane – fludioxonil – difenoconazole SC with the dosage of 200 mL / 100kg seed and 400 mL / 100kg seed was (6.79 ± 0.33) and (7.35 ± 0.05)g / plant, respectively, higher than those of wheat plant treated with 2.5% fludioxonil SC, 3% difenoconazole SC and CK. The control effects of the treatment of 200 mL / 100kg seeds and 400 mL / 100kg seeds with 9% sedaxane – fludioxonil – difenoconazole SC on wheat snow rot (mildew) were 78.03% and 79.63%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of 2.5% fludioxonil SC, and higher than that of 3% difenoconazole SC. All the treatments did not negatively influence the growth and development of the wheat. 【Conclusion】 The treatment of 9% sedaxane – fludioxonil – difenoconazole SC significantly increase the total stem number of wheat, the root growth of wheat, which will play a role in making seedlings stronger. 9% sedaxane – fludioxonil – difenoconazole SC with the dosage of 200 mL / 100kg seed can effectively prevent and control the occurrence and damage of winter wheat snow rot (mildew) in Xinjiang.

Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization·Agricultural Eeconomy

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Numerical Simulation Analysis of Wind Load on Front Roof of Solar Greenhouse in Xinjiang MA Yuehong, LI Baoming, WANG Guoqiang, SONG Bingwei, LIU Na 2020, 57(12): 2325-2331.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (2428KB) ( )   【Objective】 The simulation of wind load and its changing trend of front roof of solar greenhouse has the function of predicting and preventing disasters in advance.Wind load simulation can be used to assist the tructural optimization design of front roof and the actual wind load calculation of each enclosure structure. 【Method】 The structure of a solar greenhouse wall insulation quilt, a framework and the like is simplified. anufacturing Model of Sunlight Greenhouse Using UG Software. The difference between the model and air boolean is calculated to obtain the overall model. Importing the whole model into ANSYS ICEM for meshing. The wind pressure of that film unde four conditions is obtain. Then draw the contrast curve of wind pressure change under different conditions through nine curves in Y direction. 【Result】 The wind pressure on the southernmost side of the film is the highest,about1.014×105Pa,the wind pressure on the north side gradually decreases, the minimum wind pressure at the ridge height is about 1.010×105Pa,when there is no thermal insulation quilt and the thermal insulation quilt is fully paved. The wind pressure rises due to the film obstruction of the southernmost wind. The north side is near the top of the greenhouse. The wind speed is fast, so the wind pressure is small. When the thermal insulation quilt is fully rolled and half rolled, the wind pressure on the southernmost side is highest, about 1.014×105Pa,the wind pressure decreases in the north, the wind pressure variation of the overall roof changes small, about 1.013×105Pa.Just when the thermal insulation quilt is half rolled, the abrupt changes in wind pressure is 1.012×105Pa at the place where the thermal insulation quilt is rolled. 【Conclusion】 In all four cases, the wind pressure on the south side is relatively large, with little difference. However, a full or half roll of the thermal insulation quilt to the north will cause a rise in the wind pressure of the film, especially a sudden rise at the top. Therefore, the thermal insulation quilt can be completely paved to prevent wind. The high wind pressure on the south side indicates that the performance of the arched section of the front roof steel skeleton is crucial to the structural stability and safety of the greenhouse. The design and construction should focus on calculation and verification of steel skeleton performance.This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of solar greenhouse structure and wind disaster reduction.

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A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Rural Women in Southern Xinjiang Based on Literature and Empirical Study LI Miao, QI Gubo, DAI Jian 2020, 57(12): 2332-2339.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (957KB) ( )   【Objective】 This paper studies the status quo, ideological trend, willingness, educational level and social influence of women in southern Xinjiang, so as to provide scientific basis for improving the comprehensive quality of women in that region. 【Method】 350 Uygur villagers from four villages in Kumuxilic Township, Shule County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang were selected as the research objects (10% females and 4% males were randomly collected). Methods of literature collection and collating statistics, questionnaire survey, field interview, participatory discussion, expert discussion and other methods were adopted and the survey data were analyzed by SPSS software. 【Result】 96.8% of the women do all the housework; 52.5% of the women had the experience of going out as migrant workers; 39.7% of the women were co-breadwinners with their husbands, while 25.8% were the main breadwinners; women with decision-making power accounted for 94.93%, independent decision-making women accounted for 27.65%, and 67.28% of them made decisions jointly with their husbands, which showed that the social and economic status of women in rural families in southern Xinjiang was in the rising trend. 99.5% of them thought that it was very important for them to receive education, 62% of the women had the wish to go to university, 69.3% of them wanted to raise their daughters to go to universities, 75.6% of them wanted to raise their sons to go to universities. In short, the desire for their children to receive higher education was very urgent; 97.2% of the women had the desire to learn a skill and 87.2% of the women had the desire to learn a skill and go out to work. 90% of the women are satisfied with their current living situations and conditions. 98.6% of women thought it was important for a woman to have independent thoughts, while only 1.4% thought it was important to follow her husband's thinking. The women hoped that village work team would stay there for a long period. 【Conclusion】 Women has played an important role in family life and social construction in southern Xinjiang, and they have clear national and civic awareness. However, their enthusiasm in politics is not high. Although their life quality has improved, their educational level still needs to be improved urgently. There is a certain degree of enthusiasm for women to participate in public activities, but their awareness of participating in village-level governance remains to be improved. In view of this, full play should be given to the comprehensive performance of women's federations at the grassroots level, thus their lives will be enriched, and their participation in social activities will be inspired, which will lead their full play to their group role.

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Empirical Analysis Based on the Probit Model on the Smart Water Conservancy Construction and the Participation Willingness of Rural Social Subjects in Arid Areas ZHANG Ning, ZUO Li, CHEN Tong, ZHANG Lan, DONG Hongji 2020, 57(12): 2340-2350.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.12.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1383KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the factors influencing the willingness of multiple subjects to participate in smart water conservancy in three prefectural regions of Southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 Data were collected through questionnaire survey, symposium and other methods, and the data of four multiple subjects, namely administration department, rural community, water organizations and individual farmers, were sorted and classified. Probit model was used to analyze the factors influencing the willingness of multiple subjects to participate in smart water conservancy. 【Result】 On the premise of reasonably identifying multiple subjects categories, a total of 462 valid questionnaires were recovered, among which 299 people, accounting for 64.72%, were willing to participate in the construction of smart water conservancy. Among them, the participation proportion of four types of multiple subjects all exceeded 60%, and the participation willingness of rural communities accounted for the largest proportion, reaching 68.33%. The proportion of administration department willing to participate was 61.06%, and the proportion of individual farmers and farmers' water organizations were the same, 64.39% and 64.95% respectively. 【Conclusion】 Education level, social capital accumulation, the authority of social recognition, community economic situation and network information platform have a positive impact on the willingness of administrotion departments to participate in the construction of smart water conservancy. Education level, social capital accumulation, project familiarity, community economic situation, network information platform have a positive impact on the willingness of rural communities to participate in the construction of smart water conservancy. Age, social capital accumulation, the authority of social recognition, community closeness, information sharing degree have a positive impact on the willingness of farmers' water organization to participate in the construction of smart water conservancy. Annual family income, the authority of social recognition, project familiarity, community closeness and information sharing degree have a positive relationship with individual farmers' willingness to participate in smart water conservancy construction.