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20 November 2020, Volume 57 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Reduction for Cotton
Crop Genetics and Breeding Soil Fertilizer·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer·Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection


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Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Reduction for Cotton

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Establishing Fertilization Recommendation Index of Direct Seeding Cotton after Rape Harvest on the “3414” Field Experiments in Hunan LI Fei, LI Caihong, ZHAO Ruiyuan, MEI Zhengding, GUO Lili, LIU Binglei, HE Shujun, ZHANG Zhigang 2020, 57(11): 1961-1970.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1146KB) ( )   【Objective】 To obtain the best amount of fertilizer application and the best ratio of nutrients based on the soil fertility of the experimental site through the field experiment in the hope of providing the basis for the research of scientific fertilization technology of cotton in Hunan Province and also the reference for the research of high-efficiency fertilization technology of direct seeding cotton after oil in other areas of the Yangtze River Basin.【Methods】 In this study, "3414" experimental design was used. “3414” design referred to three factors (N, P and K), four levels and 14 treatments. The 14 treatments were (1)N0P0K0;(2)N0P2K2;(3)N1P2K2;(4)N2P0K2;(5)N2P1K2;(6)N2P2K2;(7)N2P3K2;(8)N2P2K0;(9)N2P2K1;(10) N2P2K3; (11) N3P2K2; (12) N1P1K2;(13)N1P2K1;(14)N2P1K1.【Results】 The results showed that Nitrogen fertilizer rates(N) were 300-350,250-300,200-250,145-200,and 0-145 kg/hm2 when soil fertilizer was classified by low,lower,medium,higher and high (AN 30-55,55-110,110-220,220-430 and>430 mg/kg),respectively,phosphorus fertilizer rates (P205) were 120-140,100-120,70-100,50-70,0-50 kg/hm2 (AP 2-4,4-8,8-19,19-43 and>43 mg/kg),while potassium fertilizer rates (K2O) were 270-320,225-270,175-225,125-175,0-125 kg/hm2 (AK 25-45,45-80,80-155,155-290 and >290 mg/kg).【Conclusion】 Taking 3750kg/hm2 of seed cotton as the target yield, the index of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of direct seeding cotton after oiling and the recommended amount of fertilizer were established in Hunan Province.

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Effects of Reduced Nitrogen and Increased Leaf Fertilizer Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Cotton in Saline-alkali Dryland PING Wenchao, SHI Xueping, JIANG Jianxun, ZHAO Guanghui, LIU Zhenzhen, CAO Pingping, XUE Wen, ZHANG Yongjiang, WANG Changan, WANG Anlu, ZHANG Zhongbo 2020, 57(11): 1971-1978.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1187KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer combined with increasing foliar fertilizer on photosynthetic parameters, yield and quality of cotton under the saline and dry land conditions in the hope of assessing the compensation effect of increasing foliar fertilizer on reduced nitrogen fertilizer of cotton. 【Method】 There were 7 nitrogen application rates: 0 (CK), 60 (N1), 90 (N2), 120 (N3), 150 (N4), 180 (N5), and 225 (N6) kg/hm2. Among them, N1-N4 was sprayed four times. Then leaf SPAD values, photosynthetic parameters, plant agronomic traits, yield and fiber quality were measured. 【Result】 The leaf SPAD value at the flowering and boll-setting stage decreased with the reduction of the nitrogen application. No differences were found in the SPAD value between N1, N2, N3 and N4 after the application of foliar fertilizer. Leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and Transpiration rate (Tr) decreased with the reduction of nitrogen application rate, while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) gradually increased. In general, cotton yield, boll number per plant, boll weight and lint percentage decreased with the reduction of nitrogen application. No differences in cotton yield were found among N2, N3, N4 and N5. Fiber quality parameters specific breaking strength and uniformity index increased first and then decreased, micron value decreased along with the reduction of nitrogen, but no significant differences were found in fiber length and elongation rate. 【Conclusion】 The application of nitrogen fertilizer in saline-alkali dry land combined with the application of foliar fertilizer has a certain effect on the negative effects of photosynthetic rate, seed cotton yield and fiber quality. This technique might be helpful to reduce nitrogen fertilizer input, stabilize cotton production and reduce environmental pollution.

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Effects of Different Doses of Flumetralin and DPC on Plant Type Structure of Cotton SHI Yahui, CAI Xiaohu, ZHANG Yudong, YAN Wenjing, WANG Jungang 2020, 57(11): 1979-1986.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (708KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze and compare the effects of different doses of flumetralin and DPC on the plant type structure of machine-harvesting cotton, and provide a theoretical basis for the chemical regulation in the middle and late stages of cotton.【Method】 In this paper, two plant growth regulators, flumetralin and DPC used in cotton production were selected and applied at the bud stage, the initial flowering stage and the topping stage of cotton with the artificial detopping cotton as a control group.【Result】 The results showed that after spraying flumetralin and DPC for the first time, the growth amount of cotton plant height was between 15.00 cm and 27.00 cm. Except the treatment groups such as flumetralin 300 g/hm2 + DPC 30 g/hm2、 flumetralin 300 g/hm2 + DPC 50 g/hm2 and flumetralin 600 g/hm2 + DPC 30 g/hm2, the growth amount of cotton plant height of other treatments were shortened by about 4.89-12.43 cm (P<0.05). After the second application of these two drugs, the growth amount of cotton plant height was between 2.00 cm and 7.59 cm, The plant height growth of cotton treated with flumetralin 300 g/hm2 + DPC 30 g/hm2, flumetralin 300 g/hm2 + DPC 50 g/hm2, and flumetralin 600 g/hm2+ DPC 50 g/hm2, increased by 3.08-4.69 cm (P<0.05). After the third application of these two drugs, the cotton plant height of each treatment and artificial topping did not increase substantially.When flumetralin was 600, 900, 1,500 g/hm2 + DPC 70 g/hm2, the number of effective branches of cotton increased by 7.75%-10.64%. When machine-harvesting cotton was sprayed with flumetralin 600, 900, 1 500 g/hm2 + DPC 70g/hm2, the number of cotton effective fruit branches increased by 7.75%-10.64%, However the average length of first fruit branch, top 2nd fruit branch, top 3rd fruit branch decreased by 8.23-9.68 cm (P<0.05). Spraying flumetralin and DPC, the upper boll of the cotton plant increased by 19.72%-71.85%, while the central boll increased by 5.71%-32.65% only when the concentrations of flumetralin were 600, 900, 1,500 g/hm2. When machine-harvesting cotton was sprayed with flumetralin and DPC, the upper cotton bolls increased by 19.72%-71.85%, while the central cotton bolls increased by 5.71%-32.65% only when the concentrations of flumetralin were 600, 900, 1,500 g/hm2.【Conclusion】 After application flumetralin and DPC, the plant height can be effectively controlled, and when the concentrations of the two agents are higher, the population structure can be better optimized.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Cotton under Wide-row Spacing with High Density TIAN Yu, WANG Xuwen, HAN Huanyong, LUO Honghai, WANG Fangyong 2020, 57(11): 1987-1997.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (2092KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the regulation mechanism of photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton under wide-row spacing with high-density conditions in the hope of providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the management of high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer.【Methods】 By taking the early-maturing cotton cultivar Xinluzao 64 as the test variety, this paper measured the gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, yield and yield components of cotton at the yield formation stage under 5 different treatments, namely nitrogen application rates of N0 (kg/667 m2), N8 (8 kg/667 m2), N16 (16 kg/667 m2), N24 (24 kg/667 m2) and N32 (32 kg/667 m2).【Results】 There was no significant difference in the single boll weight under various nitrogen application rates; the total number of bolls and yield treated by N16 and N24 were relatively high, while those by N0 and N8 treatments were the lowest. From the full-bloom stage to the later stage of boll development, the net photosynthetic rates of cotton treated by N16, N24 and N32 were always at a high level. The transpiration rates and stomatal conductance of N16 and N24 treatments at the boll development stage were much lower than those of N32 treatment were, yet their intercellular CO2 concentrations were significantly higher than that of N32 treatment. From the full-bloom stage to the boll development stage, no significant difference was observed in the maximum photochemical efficiencies of various nitrogen application treatments except that the maximum photochemical efficiencies of N0 and N8 treatments were significantly lower than those of other treatments at the later stage of boll development; the actual photochemical efficiencies and photochemical quenching coefficients of N16 and N24 treatments were high in the later stage of boll development. Furthermore, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient of N16 treatment was significantly lower than those of N24 and N32 treatments.【Conclusion】 Under wide-row spacing with high-density conditions, a nitrogen application rate of 16-24 kg/667 m2 contributes to the high photosynthetic capacity of leaves at the flowering and boll setting stages of cotton, as well as the best utilization of light energy by leaves in the later stage of boll development, thereby greatly raising the yield of cotton.

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Effects of Silicon Fertilizer on Cotton Growth, Yield and Quality ZHANG Dawei, WEI Xin, XU Haijiang, MA Qingqian, LI Chunping, LIU Zhongshan, LÜ Xiaoqing, WANG Haixia, XU Jianhui 2020, 57(11): 1998-2003.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (770KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of silicon fertilizer application on cotton growth, yield and fiber quality in the hope of providing theoretical basis for improving cotton quality and efficiency.【Methods】 The growth and development of cotton were investigated every 10 days by applying silicon fertilizer in bud stage and flowering stage, respectively. The yield of cotton was measured in boll stage; The samples and the fiber were tested; The differences of growth and development, yield and fiber quality between silicon fertilizer and CK cotton field were studied.【Results】 The plant height of drip silicon fertilizer treatment was lower than that of the control, and the speed and quantity of budding, the speed and quantity of bud transforming into boll, the growth speed and quantity of fruit branch were higher than those of the control. The yield characters of cotton treated with silicon fertilizer were better than those of the control. Except for the slight increase of single boll weight, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05), the boll number per plant, lint percentage, seed cotton yield and lint yield of cotton treated with silicon fertilizer were significantly different from those of the control (P > 0.05). The length and elongation of the upper half of the fiber increased slightly, while the breaking strength, micronaire value and uniformity decreased, but the difference was not significant.【Conclusion】 Silicon fertilizer can accelerate the growth and development of cotton and improve the yield and quality of cotton.

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Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer Application on P Accumulation, Distribution,Utilization and Yield of Cotton ZHANG Yan, YAO Yinkun, HU We, GAO Yuan, TANG Mingyao 2020, 57(11): 2004-2011.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (773KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the rule of phosphorus absorption, accumulation, distribution and utilization character of the two kind of cotton cultispecies: Gossypium barbadense L. and Gossypium hirsutum L. during the main growth and development stage and reveal the utilization characteristics and P fertilizer domino effect of cotton on phosphorus nutrition.【Method】 Four different phosphate fertilizer treatments were arranged under the same rates of nitrogen and potassium in the field experiments.【Result】 The trend of the phosphorus accumulation was similar in total growth stages on two kind of cotton cultispecies. The phosphorus accumulation increased with P fertilizer application added. The phosphorus accumulation in reproductive organ was much higher than that in nutrient organ of cotton at boll opening stage. The P absorptive amount in Gossypium barbadense L. was significantly more than that in Gossypium hirsutum L.in total growth stages. P fertilizer application could increase yield because it increased the boll number of per plant. P2 treatment increased yield by 11.16% and 16% respectively comparing to P0 treatment in Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L. Phosphorus fertilizer effect equation: the recommended P2O5 of Gossypium barbadense L. was 118.6 kg/hm2, and the recommended P2O5 of Gossypium hirsutum L. was 80 kg/hm2. 3.7 kg and 4.21 kg P2O5 in Gossypium barbadense L. and Gossypium hirsutum L. should be absorbed respectively if 100 kg lint cotton yield was obtained.【Conclusion】 P fertilizer application can increase the absorption and accumulation of phosphorus in cottonand rational P fertilizer application can significantly increase cotton yield. The agronomic utilization, apparent utilization and partial productivity of up-land cotton were higher than those of island cotton and the absorption capacity of up-land cotton is stronger than that of Sea Island cotton.

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Effects of One-off Decreasing Controlled-release Fertilizer Application on Cotton Canopy Structure and Yield Components ZHENG Shufeng, XU Daoqing, CHEN Min, LIU Xiaoling, WANG Wei, KAN Huachun, LI Shuying 2020, 57(11): 2012-2019.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1087KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study aims to analyze the effects of one-off decreasing controlled-releasefertilizer and conventional fertilizer application on cotton canopy structure and yield components and study the effect of one-off decreasing controlled-release fertilizer applicationon fertilization reduction and efficiency improvement in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the fertilization reduction and efficiency improvementtechnologies.【Method】 Multiple field trial was conducted, CI-110 and other instruments were used to study the parameters of cotton canopy structure, photosynthetic, yield and yield components under one-off decreasing controlled-release fertilizer and conventional fertilizer application with different amounts.【Result】 one-off decreasing controlled-release fertilizer application could keep the higher leaf area index in the primary and late stage of cotton, improve the light transmittance of the middle and lower layers, enhance the PAR interception ability, and reduce the penetration loss of PAR in communities, delay leaf senescence and the photosynthetic function decline in leaves. LAR of different treatments in full-bloom stage and early boll opening stage was very significantly correlated with bolls number, boll weight and the cotton yield, and very significantly correlated with boll rot in multi-boll stage. In this study, the treatment of one-off decreasing 25% N of controlled-release fertilizer application increased yield by 2.89% compared with one-off total controlled-release fertilizer application, increased yield by 5.53% than conventional fertilizer application, increased yield by 14.89% than decreasing conventional fertilizerapplication, and increased yield by 50.96% than no N fertilizer application.【Conclusion】 One-off decreasing controlled-release fertilizer application can build a reasonable cotton canopy structure, increase boll number per plant and yield, decrease nitrogen fertilizer consumption, and improve the nitrogen use efficiency. The test results suggest that one-off decreasing 25% N of controlled-release fertilizer application (225 kg/hm2) is most suitable for hybrid cotton in cotton area along Changjiang River in Anhui Province.

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Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Agrotis Segetum Adults to 15 Plant Volatiles LI Lin, XIU Chunli, LU Wei, LU Yanhui 2020, 57(11): 2020-2027.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1234KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study aims to screen plant volatiles attracting adult females of the cutwormAgrotis Segetum.【Method】 An electroantennogram (EAG) was used to test the electrophysiological response of female A. Segetum adults to 15 kinds of plant volatiles, and meanwhile,the attraction effect of each substance to female A. Segetum adults was evaluated by wind tunnel test.【Result】 Female adults did not show significant electrophysiological responses to four compounds (Decane, 4-Ethylacetophenone, 2-methylnonane and Octane, 3,3-dimethyl-). However, other 11 volatiles including Benzene, 1,2-diethyl-, Benzene, 1,4-diethyl-, Butanoic acid, butyl ester, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-Nonatriene, Eucalyptol, cis-3-Hexenyl acetate, Linalool, β-Myrcene, Nonanal, Ocimene and β-Pinene evoked significant electrophysiological responses in EAG trials. Moreover, the electrophysiological responses increased with the increasing volatile concentrations, and the strongest response was produced at the maximum test concentration of 100 μg/mL. Female adults were also highly attracted by 14 compounds (Benzene, 1,2-diethyl-, Benzene, 1,4-diethyl-, Butanoic acid, butyl ester, Decane, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-Nonatriene, 4-Ethylacetophenone, Eucalyptol, cis-3-Hexenyl acetate, Linalool, β-Myrcene, Nonanal, Octane, 3,3-dimethyl-, Ocimene and β-Pinene) in wind tunnel trials.【Conclusion】 Overall, some plant volatiles evoked electrophysiological and behavioral responses by female A. Segetum are screened, which provides candidate substances for the development of its food attractants in the future.

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Field Evaluation of Light-emitting Diodes with Different Wavelengths as Traps of Anomala corpulenta and Holotrichia parallela XU Yanlan, PAN Hongsheng, LIANG Gemei, YANG Yizhong, LU Yanhui 2020, 57(11): 2028-2033.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1184KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen the light wavelengths with trapping effect on the adults of Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky and Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky, clarify their activity rhythm during night-time, and optimize the lamp-trapping prevention and control technology of these two scarab beetles.【Methods】 The field trapping effect of 19 different wavelengths (375-748 nm) LED lights on 2 species of adult scarab beetles was evaluated in 2014 and 2015 andin 2019, the trapping effects of 385 nm, 395nm LED lamp and black light lamp on scarabs was compared. At the same time, the night-time rhythm of scarab beetles was studied through experiments.【Result】 In 2014 and 2015, the LED lights with 395 nm wavelength had a significantly higher trapping effect on A. corpulenta adults than the lights with other 18 wavelengths. The trapping number of 395 nm LED lights on H. parallela adults was also the highest, but there were no significant difference with that of 418 nm LED lights. In 2019, the trapping number of A. corpulenta adults and H. parallela adults on 385 nm LED lamps was significantly higher than that of 395 nm, but no significant difference was found with that of black light lamps. The trapping peaks of the two scarab beetles were 20:00-24:00, and the trapped amount accounted for 68.9%-76.7% of those during the whole night (18:00-06:00).【Conclusion】 The 385 nm LED lamp had the best trapping effect on A. corpulenta adults and H. parallela adults. The peak trapping period of adult was between 20:00 and 24:00. The research results provide an important theoretical basis for lamp trapping prevention and control technology of the two scarab beetles.

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The Impacts of the Transgenic Gbve1 Gene on the Structure and Stability of Animal Community in Cotton Fields JIANG Yiping, XIAO Liubin, CHENG Tianzi, ZHANG Baolong, ZHAO Jing, TAN Yongan 2020, 57(11): 2034-2043.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1033KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of five transgenic Gbve1 cotton lines on the distribution of biological community and environment safety in cotton fields by using a parent cotton line as control.【Method】 The cotton 3 leaf stage was taken as the starting date, all the organs of the whole cotton were observed by random survey method, and the species and numbers of all arthropods on cotton were recorded.【Result】 The results showed that the relative abundance of the main pests in the cotton field was not significantly different except for significant differences between transgenic cotton fields and control fields about Carmine spider mite, whitefly, leafhopper (P> 0.05), and overall, there was no significant difference between the sucking pest and the chewing pest in different cotton fields (P> 0.05); There was no significant difference in the parameters of species (H', J, C) between transgenic cotton fields and the control cotton fields (P> 0.05), and the similarity of arthropod community was higher between transgenic cotton and control cotton (0.681,4-0.820,9);【Conclusion】 Based on the dynamic analysis of the main insect community in different cotton fields, it has been found that the trend of insects in transgenic cotton field is basically the same as that of control cotton field, and there was no significant difference in dynamic analysis of the main insect community in different cotton fields except for individual growth period and individual insects community fluctuation dynamics of individual strains. Our results demonstrate that the transgenic cotton do not affect the structure and stability of animal community in cotton fields.

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Effects of Main Pests and Predatory Natural Enemies on Cotton under Almond-cotton Interplanting SUN Zezhao, ZHANG Renfu, WANG Wei, LIU Haiyang, YAO Ju 2020, 57(11): 2044-2049.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (549KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects to main pests and predatory natural enemies on cotton under almond-cotton interplanting patterns. Provide theoretical basis for pest control and natural enemy protection and utilization in cotton fields.【Method】 Populations of main pests and predatory natural enemies in two types of almond-cotton intercropping and pure cotton field were investigated by visual method.【Result】 Almond-cotton interplanting (south-north) patterns are beneficial to occurrence of aphids and predatory natural enemies in cotton fields, but almond-cotton interplanting (east-west) to the disadvantage of those. Two types Almond-cotton interplanting patterns are beneficial to occurrence of Lygus pratensisand have no effect to Thrips flavus and Helicoverpa armigera. The occurrence of Bemisia tabaci is related to the distance from the source. Almond-cotton interplanting are conducive to the occurrence of spiders in cotton fields.【Conclusion】 Almond-cotton intercropping has certain effects of main pests and predatory natural enemies in cotton fields, it depends on the direction of trees.

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Effects of Cycloxaprid on Adult Lo ngevity and Fe cundity of Hippodamia variegata HUANG Qingchao, DAI Changchun, ZHANG Jianping, CHEN Jing, LU Yanhui 2020, 57(11): 2050-2055.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (837KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different concentrations of the neonicotinoid insecticide cycloxaprid on adult survival, fecundity and other life parameters of the Hippodamia variegata (Goeze).【Method】 Spray tower method was used to test the H. variegata adult survival rate after 24 h treated with different concentrations of cycloxaprid and calculate sublethal concentration LC20 and lethal intermediate concentration LC50. Then, the adult survival, fecundity and egg hatching rate of H. variegata treated with two concentrations were recorded every day.【Result】 The toxicity test indicated the LC20 and LC50 concentration of cycloxaprid on H. variegata were 2.29 mg/L and 12.51 mg/L respectively. Treated with these two concentrations of cycloxaprid, the life span of female adult was significantly shortened (P<0.01), but the preoviposition period was significantly prolonged(P<0.05). The fecundity of LC20 treatment was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0.05), but significantly different from that of LC50 treatment (P<0.05). The egg hatching rate of the control group was significantly higher than those of the LC20 and LC50 treatments (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The results show that cycloxaprid has certain toxic and sublethal effect on H. variegata adults.

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Studies on the Activities of Related Enzymes of Aphis gossypii after FeedingCotton Damaged by Acyrthosiphon gossypii WU Na, ZHANG Yudong, CAI Xiaohu, SHI Yahui, HAN Rui, WANG Jungang 2020, 57(11): 2056-2064.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (767KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the changes in enzyme activity of A. gossypii after eating cotton harmed by aphids .【Methods】 Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in A. gossypii were determined after it was fed on cotton induced by Ac. gossypii for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h.【Results】 A. gossypii after eating cotton induced by Ac. gossypii, Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities showed upward trend. Except that SOD reached a maximum of 86.03 U/mg after 48h of Ac. gossypii induction,CAT, POD, AChE, and GST all reached their maximum values after 72 hours of induction of Ac. gossypii, which were 452.82 U/mg, 8.12 U/mg, 0.080,9 U/mg, and 52.24 U/mg, respectively. In the mutual induction of Ac. gossypii and A. gossypii, the feeding order and time of the two aphids had a great influence on the changes of enzyme activity in the later feeding of A. gossypii. The specific performance was: Cotton for the first time induced by Ac. gossypii had significant effects on the changes of CAT, SOD, AChE, and GST activities of A. gossypii that were fed later. The second A. gossypii induced cotton significantly affected the CAT and POD activities of the A. gossypii; The third Ac. gossypii induced cotton had a significant effect on the POD and AChE activities of A. gossypii in late feeding. The treatments of Ac. gossypii and A. gossypii that interacted to induce cotton to have the greatest effect on the five enzymes activities of A. gossypii that was fed later were as follows: treatment that had the greatest effect on CAT activity of A. gossypii was: Ac. gossypii-A. gossypii -Ac. gossypii were induced in sequence for 72 h-72 h-24 h; The treatment that had the greatest effect on POD activity of A. gossypii was: Ac. gossypii -A. gossypii -Ac. gossypii were induced in sequence for 72 h-72 h-48 h; The treatment that had the greatest effect on the SOD activity of A. gossypii was: Ac. gossypii -A. gossypii-Ac. gossypii were induced in sequence for 48 h-24 h-72 h; The treatment that had the greatest effect on the AChE activity of A. gossypii was: Ac. gossypii -A. gossypii -Ac. gossypii were induced in sequence for 24 h-72 h-48 h; The treatment that had the greatest effect on the GST activity of A. gossypii was: Ac. gossypii -A. gossypii -Ac. gossypii were induced in sequence for 72 h-48 h-48 h.【Conclusion】 Acyrthosiphon gossypii has the greatest effect on the enzyme activity of Aphis gossypii after feeding Ac. gossypii induced cotton for 72 hours; In the interactive induction of Ac. gossypii and A. gossypii,Ac. gossypii induced cotton for the first time, it has the greatest effect on the enzyme activity of A. gossypii in late feeding. The effects of the second A. gossypii induced cotton and the third Ac. gossypii induced cotton on the enzyme activity of A. gossypii were relatively small.

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Effects of Acyrthosiphon gossypii on Physiology,Biochemistry and Related Defense Enzymes of Cotton ZHANG Yudong, WU Na, CAI Xiaohu, SHI Yahui, WANG Jungang 2020, 57(11): 2065-2074.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1642KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effects of Acyrthosiphon gossypii on cotton physiological and biochemical and defense enzymes at seedling stage.【Methods】 The initial density was set to 5 heads per plant, 10 heads per plant, and 15 heads per plant. They were connected to the second real leaf of cotton seedlings harmed 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days later, respectively. When the damage was over, the true leaves of cotton seedling were taken to determine soluble sugar, soluble protein, chlorophyll and carotenoids, malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).【Results】 The content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in cotton leaves was related to the damage density of Acy. gossypii, and both increased with the increase of the damage time of Acy. Gossypii. The content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in cotton leaves after 3 days of feeding were significantly higher than those in other treatment groups. The content of chlorophyll in cotton leaves was not significantly related to the feeding of Acy. gossypii, and the carotenoid content in cotton leaves after 3 days of feeding of 10 heads per plant and 15 heads per plant was significantly higher than that of control cotton. When Acy. gossypii were damaged for 1 day and 2 days, the content of MDA in cotton leaves increased with the density of Acy. gossypii. After 3 days of harm, there was no significant difference in MDA content in the leaves of cotton fed by 10 heads per plant and 15 head/plant of Acy. gossypii, and both were significantly higher than those in the control group. The activity of CAT in leaves of 15 heads per plant fed for 1 day and 2 days was significantly higher than those in other treatment groups. After 3 days of feeding, the CAT activity in cotton leaves was not significantly different from that of cotton fed by 5 heads per plants and 10 heads per plant of cotton aphids, but both were higher than those of the control group. POD and SOD activities in cotton leaves fed by 10 heads per plant and 15 heads per plant of Acy. gossypii on 2 days and 3 days were significantly higher than those of the control group and 5 heads per plant of Acy. gossypii. At the same time, the activity of SOD in cotton leaves was significantly higher than that of control cotton when 5 heads per plant of Acy. gossypii were fed for 3 days.【Conclusion】 】Feeding of Acy. gossypii can change cotton nutrient metabolism and cell osmotic pressure regulation related substances, and induce the increase of related defense enzyme activities.

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Indoor Toxicities of Nine Insecticides to Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür in Agricultural District LI Haiqiang, WANG Dong mei, LI Haobin, PAN Hongsheng, DING Ruifeng, Ahtam·Uwayis, LIU Jian 2020, 57(11): 2075-2082.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (781KB) ( )   【Objective】 To effectively prevent and control the newly discovered Apolygus lucorum in Aksu district, Xinjiang, guide the scientific use of insecticides, and provide scientific basis.【Methods】 In this study, the virulence effects of nine insecticides on adults of A. lucorum in Aksu district were compared.【Results】 The toxicity of the nine insecticides to the adults of A. lucorum increased with the increase of the concentration of the insecticide. The order of toxicity to the adults of A. lucorum was as follows: carbosulfun > chlorpyrifos > dinotefuran > sulfoxaflor > lambda-cyhalothrin > acetamiprid > imidacloprid > thiamethoxam > avermectin; It was also found that the sensitivity of A. lucorum population to agents was different in Aksu district.【Conclusion】 In that period of A. lucorum, lambda-cyhalothrin and acetamiprid can be selected as conventional insecticides for the control of the insect, carbosulfun, dinotefuran and sulfoxaflorcan also be used as alternatives and rotating insecticides for the control of A. lucorum to effectively control of its occurrence and hazards.

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Occurrence and Pathogen Analysis of Seedling Diseases of the Direct-seeding Cotton without Film Mulching after Harvested Rape LI Caihong, LIU Binglei, LI Fei, MEI Zhengding, GUO Lili, HE Shujun, ZHANG Zhigang, ZHAO Ruiyuan 2020, 57(11): 2083-2089.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (933KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the main factors affecting the occurrence and identify the pathogen species of seedling disease of the direct seeding cotton without film mulching after harvested rape in the hope of laying a foundationfor the targeted prevention and control of seedling disease in this model.【Methods】 The influence of meteorological conditions on seedling disease was analyzed by means of investigating of meteorological data and the regularity of dead seedlings. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated by conventional tissue separation method, and their classification was determined by morphological and molecular biological identification.【Results】 In the years of 2016 and 2019, the period from the first rainfall to the emergence of dead seedlings after direct seeding was 8 and 9 d, and the duration was 17 and 16 d respectively. There was a heavy rainfall in the previous week before the peak period in both two years. A total of 53 strains were obtained through pathogen isolation. The isolated strains were classified into Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Rhizoctonia and Epicoccum, accounting for 39.6%, 32.1%, 20.7%, 5.7% and 1.9%, respectively. There were 21 strains,17 strains,11 strains,3 strains and 1strain which belonged to Fusarium,Alternaria,Aspergillus,Rhizoctonia and Epicoccum,respectively.【Conclusion】 Amount of rainfall is one of the most important factors affecting seedling disease of the direct-seeding cotton without film mulching after harvested rape. The disease mainly occurred about one week after the first rainfall after sowing, the peak period was one week after heavy rainfall, and the prevention measures of seedling diseases should be taken particularly at this stage. The isolated pathogens strains were mainly Fusarium, Alternaria and Aspergillus, followed by Rhizoctonia and Epicoccum.

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Effects of Solanum nigrum L.under Different Densitieson Cotton Growth and Development CAI Xiaohu, ZHANG Yudong, HAN Rui, SHI Yahui, WU Na, WANG Jungang 2020, 57(11): 2090-2098.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1663KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of Solanum nigrum L.with different densitieson cotton growth and development.【Method】 There were 6 density gradients of S Solanum nigrum L. in this experiment, and they were: 10-30, 30-50, 50-70, 70-90 and 90-110 strains/m2. The plant height, main root length, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, MDA activity, CAT activity, SOD activity and POD activity of cotton were determined at cotton seedling stage, bud stage and flowering-boll stage.【Result】 The plant height, root length and chlorophyll of cotton at cotton bud stage and flowering-boll stage decreased with the increase of population density of Solanum nigrum L. d uring cotton bud stage, Solanum nigrum L.had more greater effect on the activity of cotton MDA, CAT, SOD and POD. Among them, Solanum nigrum L. under 50-70 plants/m2 had the greatest influence on the activity of cotton MDA, CAT, SOD and POD, which were 0.05 mg/g, 5.53 U/g, 10.96 U/g and 7,893.24 U/g, respectively.【Conclusion】 For reducing the harm of Solanum nigrum L., the population density should be controlled below 30 plants/m2. at the cotton bud stage.

Crop Genetics and Breeding Soil Fertilizer·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer·Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection

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Development Trend and Improvement Suggestions of Fiber Quality of Upland Cotton in Xinjiang Alifu Aierxi, ZHU Jiahui, LIU Zhiqing, WANG Weiran, NING Xinmin, Xiao Li, KONG Jie 2020, 57(11): 2099-2107.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1852KB) ( )   【Objective】 Through the analysis of the changes of cotton fiber quality in Xinjiang since 2008, the this paper aims to comprehensively understand the overall situation and development trend of cotton fiber quality in Xinjiang, to clarify the existing problems, and to provide reference for scientific research and related industry decision-making in the future period.【Methods】 By querying China cotton notarization inspection and testing data from 2008 to 2018, the data were sorted by year and region to analyze the quality of Xinjiang cotton fiber.【Result】 In the past 11 years, the percentage of Xinjiang cotton public inspection has been increasing year by year, from 65.1% in 2008 to 98.3% in 2018. In terms of fiber length, it showed a trend of decreasing first, then rising, and then being stable, reaching 29.2mm by 2018, which was higher than the national average. Among them, the increase was rapid from 2016 to 2018, and the percentage of "30-32mm" cotton bales increased by 8.3% from 2011 to 2015. In terms of fiber specific strength, the average fiber specific strength of Xinjiang cotton fluctuated. The improvement was obvious from 2017 to 2018. The average was 28.4 cN/tex in 2018, and the proportion of cotton bales with a specific strength "≥29 cN/tex" accounted for 34.2%. In terms of fiber uniformity, Xinjiang cotton has changed less than the national average. And the LAXJ cotton is better than the XPCG, 0.3 % higher than the latter. The proportion of "high-level and above" uniformity shows a trend of declining fluctuations in Xinjiang. Among them, the decline in LAXJ cotton is more obvious. In terms of micronaire, Xinjiang cotton showed a downward trend and then an upward trend. The average proportion of “A + B” was higher than that of the whole country. The micronaire of cotton in regimental farms was better than that of the other local areas, with an average annual rate of 5.5 %. In terms of grade, Xinjiang cotton demonstrated a good development, better than the national average, and the quality of LAXJ cotton is better than that of XPCC.【Conclusion】 Xinjiang cotton has increasingly contributed to the national cotton. In the past 3 years, Xinjiang cotton has improved significantly in terms of fiber length, strength, micronaire, uniformity, and grade, but it also faces some problems, such as lower strength, lower uniformity, and lower proportion of high strength and high uniformity cotton. Therefore, in the near future, we should consider the above deficiencies in the construction of cotton industry system in Xinjiang, make scientific and feasible policies, and finally provide support for the sustainable development of cotton in Xinjiang.

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Screening and Evaluation of High-quality and High-yield Rice Varieties in Xinjiang Rice Zone Buhaliqiemu Abulizi, YUAN Jie, ZHU Xiaoxia, ZHANG Yanhong, CHEN Changqing, ZHAO Zhiqiang, JIA Chunping, WEN Xiaorong, KANG Mingtai, TANG Fusen, WANG Fengbin 2020, 57(11): 2108-2117.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (927KB) ( )   【Objective】 This research aims to screen out high-quality and high-yield rice varieties which are suitable for planting in Xinjiang region.【Methods】 The differences in growth and development, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), yield and quality traits of the sixteen tested rice varieties were comprehensively evaluated through varieties comparison and principal component analysis.【Results】 The whole growth period of the sixteen rice varieties ranged from 163 d to 173 d, the plant height showed an increasing trend as the growth processed, and the plant height reached the maximum at the full heading stage, ranging from 85.97 cm to 101.30 cm. The SPAD value showed an upward trend from the early tillering stage to the full heading stage, while the SPAD value significantly decreased from the full heading stage to the mature stage. There were differences among varieties, among which, Xinnongjingyi 4 had the longest filling stage, and the chlorophyll SPAD value was high, which was significantly better than that of other varieties. There was a correlation between the yield of each rice variety and the head rice rate, tasting value, milled rice rate and amylose content. Besides, principal component analysis showed that Xinnongjingyi 4 got the highest comprehensive score, followed by Xindao 36 and Xindao 57, and 09-57 scored the lowest.【Conclusion】 The quality and yield of Xinnongjingyi 4 are the best, followed by Xindao 36 and Xindao 57.

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Effects of Seed Soaked with Humic Acid on Maize Seed Germination and Seedling Growth ZHAO Haibei, WEI Changzhou, ZHANG Xinjiang, LÜ Xiaofan, CHEN Yinhua 2020, 57(11): 2118-2125.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1800KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different varieties and different concentrations of humic acid on maize seed germination and seedling growth under low temperature (18℃), and screen out the humic acid type and concentration suitable for corn growth at low temperature. 【Method】 Xinyu 64 (Zea mays L.) was used as a test material to study the effects of seeds soaked with three type of humic acid solutions (HA1: potassium humate, HA2: nitrohumic acid, HA3: potassium fulvic acid) at different concentrations (50, 200, 500, 1,500, 3,000, 5,000 μg/mL) in seedling-related physiological indicators. 【Results】 The results showed that humic acid soaking in the concentration range of 50-1,500 μg/mL was beneficial to the germination of corn seeds to different degrees, effectively improved seed germination potential, germination rate, increased seedling proline content and root vigor, and enhanced seeds amylase activity. Taken together, the optimum seed soaking concentrations for HA1, HA2, and HA3 treatments were 200, 500, and 50 μg/mL, and HA3 was the best. 【Conclusion】 The method of treating seeds with 50 μg/mL HA3 solution at low temperature in early spring can best promote seed germination, regulate related enzyme activities, and improve plant stress resistance.

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Effects of Shading on the Physiological Characteristics of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin Abudoukeyoumu·Abudourezike, GAO Qiang, XU Lin, ZHANG Xuechao, WANG Li, YAN Qingqing, ZHANG Yan, Gulimila Aikebaier, NIE Qiuhai 2020, 57(11): 2126-2134.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1325KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different shade treatments on the photosynthetic performance and material content of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin and explore the physiological mechanism of shade affecting the grass.【Method】 The field experiment was carried out in the Anningqu Comprehensive Test Field of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2019. 3 treatments (no shading, mild shading and severe shading) were set.【Result】 Compared with normal light photography, mild shading and weak light affected the distribution of light energy in chloroplast of TKS brasiliensis, promoted the production of light contractual products, increased the photosynthetic performance and material content of TKS brasiliensis, and finally affected the physiological characteristics. The SPAD, (Pn), (Tr) and (Gs) of TKS brasiliensis decreased rapidly, the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased, and the contents of total phenol, total flavonoids, organic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid decreased in leaves and roots of TKS brasiliensis. Zhaosu 1-1 related index change range was smaller than the one (Hayin 2-6) introduced from Kazakhstan.【Conclusion】 The growth adaptability of different strains of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin under different shading environment is different. Especially in severe shading environment, the photosynthetic performance of two kinds of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin decrease significantly, the accumulation and output ability of photosynthetic products are blocked, and finally the physiological characteristics of the grass are affected.

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Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Fertilizer Supplement on the Yield and Soil Nutrient of Drip Irrigationcotton in Xinjiang ZHU Qianqian, WU Xueping, ZHANG Shuxiang, XU Yongmei, JI Lili, ZHAO Laiming, LI Xiaowei, MA Wenxin 2020, 57(11): 2135-2143.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1076KB) ( )   【Objective】 Exploring the rational fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer replacement in Xinjiang drip irrigation, providing theoretical support for cotton high-quality and high-yield and sustainable industrial development.【Method】 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of fertilization on cotton yield, constituent factors and soil nutrient in fields with drip irrigation.【Result】 The result show that, compared with farmers' practice treatment, seed cotton yield, lint yield, boll number per plant and lint percentage in the optimize fertilization and nitrogen reduction by 30% and increase organic fertilizer treatment (OPT+M-N30%) were all increased in varying degrees. Boll number per plant and seed cotton yield were increased by 16.42% and 5.09%. The OPT+M-N30% treatment soil Organic,TotalNitrogen and Alkali-hydrolyzableNitrogen both are higher than the rest of the fertilization treatment, compared with farmers' practice treatment were increased by 7.74%,5.97% and 1.70%.【Conclusion】 The application rate of fertilizer of OPT+M-N30% conducive to increase cotton yield and soil nutrient content, showing good economic benefits.

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Analysis of Factors Affecting the Characteristics of 3DEEMs in a Yeast Plant Wastewater WANG Yue, Peng Xiaowu, CHENG Yan, WANG Wenquan, WANG Xiaoyu, MENG Yongxia, ZHANG Jian 2020, 57(11): 2144-2155.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (2007KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum characteristics of DOM in the wastewater of a yeast plant in a city, and to explore the influence of different concentrations and pH conditions on the three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprint characteristics of dissolved organic matter.【Methods】 The influent and effluent water samples of a yeast enterprise sewage treatment were taken, and the concentration (dilution ratio 1-6) and pH (2-12) of them were respectively changed by single factor experiment. The fluorescence spectra of the original water samples and the fluorescence spectra after changing the conditions were measured to analyze the influence of different environmental factors on the three-dimensional fluorescence characteristics of DOM in the water.【Results】 There were two obvious fluorescence peaks in the wastewater treatment of the yeast plant, which were protein like peak B and humic acid like peak C. Only humic acid like peak A and C were detected in the effluent. The results of concentration effect study showed that the fluorescence intensity of humic acid-like peak and protein-like peak decreased with the increase of dilution ratio of inlet and outlet water, but the position of fluorescence peak hardly shifted. The change of pH value had a significant effect on the fluorescence characteristics. With the increase of pH value, the fluorescence peaks in and out of water had red shift or blue shift in varying degrees. The fluorescence intensity of B and C peaks in the water sample increased first and then decreased with the increase of pH value, except that the maximum fluorescence intensity of B peak appeared at pH = 6, while the maximum fluorescence intensity of C peak appeared at pH = 10.0. The trend of a-peak and c-peak was similar. When the water sample was acidic, the fluorescence intensity increased with the increase of pH, and the increase range was strong; when the water sample was alkaline, the fluorescence intensity decreased with the increase of pH, but the decrease range was very gentle. The maximum value of A peak appeared at pH=8, and the maximum value of C peak appeared at pH=6.【Conclusion】 The change of water concentration and pH value will change the interaction between charged ions and functional groups in DOM solution, which will lead to the shift of fluorescence peak position and the increase of fluorescence intensity.