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Coupling Effects of Water Saving Irrigation with Phosphatic Rates on Accumulation and Distribution of Phosphorus Content in Maize(Zea mays L.) YAN Fei, GONG Yuanyong, MA Xingwang 2021, 58(6): 981-986.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (641KB) ( )   【Objective】 The coupling effect of water and phosphorus was discussed by changing the moist area and content of soil with different irrigation modes, so as to achieve the purpose of water saving, fertilizer saving, high quality and high yield.【Methods】 The effects of partial root-zoon drying (PRD) and defect irrigation (DI) with different amount of phosphorus application on dry matter mass, phosphorus accumulation and distribution rate, and related enzyme activities in different parts of maize were studied by pot culture experiment.【Results】 The total dry matter per plant, shoot dry weight and root dry weight of Maize under DI irrigation with high phosphorus were the highest, the root dry weight under PRD irrigation with low phosphorus was the lowest, and the root dry weight ratio of high phosphorus treatment under PRD and DI irrigation was the lowest; Under the medium phosphorus treatment, the total phosphorus content, shoot phosphorus content and root phosphorus uptake of PRD irrigation treatment were significantly higher than that of DI treatment, while the both of total phosphorus content and aboveground phosphorus content of maize plant, and total phosphorus content of maize plant under low and medium phosphorus treatment of DI irrigation were the lowest; All water and phosphorus treatments had no significant effect on the activity of acid phosphatase in maize leaves; On root acid phosphatase activity, there was almost no significant difference among different P application rates under the same irrigation mode, while the medium phosphorus treatment under DI irrigation was significantly higher than that under PRD irrigation; In terms of SOD activity, except for PRD irrigation with low phosphorus treatment, there was no significant difference among other treatments. PRD irrigation with high phosphorus treatment and DI irrigation with low and high phosphorus treatment were significantly higher than PRD irrigation with low phosphorus treatment.【Conclusion】 High phosphorus treatment under DI irrigation significantly increased maize biomass, and low phosphorus with phosphorus treatment significantly increased root phosphorus distribution rate, while PRD irrigation combined with appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer could effectively improve the phosphorus nutrient status of plants, and more effectively cope with the adaptability of plants to drought stress.

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Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Organic Fertilizer Application on the Assimilation Transport and Grain Filling Characteristics after Anthesis of Drip Irrigation Spring Wheat in Xinjiang OUYANG Xueying, LUO Yuqin, JIANG Guiying 2021, 58(6): 987-997.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1623KB) ( )   【Objective】 Drip irrigation wheat is a cultivation model of efficient use of water and fertilizer for densely planted crops, and is the main cultivation technology of wheat in Xinjiang. This project aims to investigate the regulation methods of high efficiency and high yield of nitrogen in drip irrigation wheat in Xinjiang under nitrogen reduction conditions by setting different nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer treatments, research the regulation effects on the post-flowering assimilates transport and grain filling characteristics of spring wheat under drip irrigation in the hope of providing scientific basis for the high yield and quality cultivation for drip irrigation spring wheat in Xinjiang.【Method】 The split-plot designs were adopted, nitrogen was taken as the main plot, and the variety as the subplot; in 2019, seven levels of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer application (NCK, N5, N10, N15, N20, N25 and N0) were set to compare and analyze the changes of the post-flowering assimilate transport and grain filling characteristics of strong gluten wheat Xinchun 38 and medium gluten wheat Xinchun 49 under different nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer treatment conditions.【Result】 During the filling period, the dry matter (stems and leaves) after anthesis showed an upward trend and then a downward trend with the advance of the filling period, the peak appeared at 14 days after anthesis, and the dry matter of ear showed gradually increasing trend. With the increase of nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer application, the post-flowering dry matter accumulation, post-flowering dry matter transfer rate, post-flowering contribution rate, grain weight and grain filling parameters of the two varieties showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The indicators reached the optimal value at N15 treatment, specifically expressed as N15>N20>N25>N10>N5>NCK>N0, and the difference between different treatments was significant (P<0.05). The filling parameters were closely related to the grain weight. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the rapid accumulation duration (t2-t1), average filling rate (Vmean), maximum filling rate (Vmax) and grain weight of the two varieties. Path analysis showed that the direct effect between the average filling rate and grain weight was the largest. The direct path coefficients of the two varieties were 1.034,7 and 0.957,3.Under N15 treatment, Vmean increased by 1.92%-30.58% (Xinchun38) and 1.02%-27.93% (Xinchun 49) compared those with other treatments.【Conclusion】 Under the treatment of nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer application, the dry matter accumulation, post-flower transport rate and contribution rate of N15 treatment (85% N 15% organic fertilizer) are the highest, and the grain weight is the highest under this treatment, and the related grouting parameters are the best, that is, N15 treatment is the optimal proportion combination in this experiment.

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Effects of Artificial Aging and Low-Temperature Stress on the Vigor of Upland Cotton Seed and Relevant Evaluation DENG Xiaojuan, SU Xiujuan, Mayila Yibulayin, LU Xiaoshuang, Maierdan Tuerxun, LIU Pengfei 2021, 58(6): 998-1005.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1141KB) ( )   【Objective】 The resistance to storage of cotton seeds affects seed vigor. So this project aims to explore the effects of artificial aging and low temperature stress on seed germination of upland cotton, so as to provide support and seed resources for the study of resistance to low temperature and storage of upland cotton seeds.【Method】 With twelve upland cotton seeds as the materials, and through treatment with standard germination conditions, low-temperature stress and artificial aging, eight indexes including germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, seedling length, root length, fresh seedling weight and fresh root weight were recorded and analyzed.【Result】 The effects of different stress on seed vigor were different. The germination potential:artificial aging > standard > low temperature; The seedling length:standard > low temperature > artificial aging; The germination rate, root length and simplified vigor index:standard > artificial aging > low temperature; Simplified vigor index:standard > artificial aging > low temperature. When the similarity coefficient is 15, the standard germination can be classified into two types, high vigor and medium vigor. When the similarity coefficient was 20, cold stress could be divided into three types: cold tolerant type, intermediate type and cold sensitive type. The artificial aging treatment can be divided into three types when the similarity coefficient was15, which were storage type, intermediate type and non storage type. When the similarity coefficient of the three environments was 20, they can be divided into three types: low-temperature intolerance & storage type, intermediate type and low-temperature tolerance & non storage type.【Conclusion】 Treated with low temperature stress and artificial aging germination, such indexes as germination potential, germination rate, seedling length, root length and fresh root weight of upland cotton seeds decreased, except that fresh seedling weight and fresh root weight increased. Artificial aging treatment accelerated the seedling emergence rate, and reduced the final germination rate, making it easily form thick and strong seedlings. Low temperature stress not only reduced the seedling emergence rate and the germination rate, making it easily form short seedlings with small leaves and thick roots. Higher germination potential didn't necessarily result in higher germination rate, and vice versa. Seeds with high vigor under the standard state didn't have high vigor in adverse circumstances, and vice versa. In the materials used in this study, only Xinluzao 7 was highly resistant to low temperature but not resistant to storage. Materials with moderate resistance to low temperature and resistance to storage included Tashkent, Xinluzao 72 and 10615. Materials with resistance to storage and no resistance to low temperature included XND1586, KK1543, Zhongmian 49, Xinluzao 42 and Guannong 1.

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Effects of Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Cotton Lv Bo, MENG Qingzhong, ZHANG Cheng, CAO Yang, HAN Guangming, ZHANG Shengxi, FANG Jian, YI Xianda 2021, 58(6): 1006-1011.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )   【Objective】 Xinjiang cotton area is the largest production base of cotton in China, but continuous cropping and massive application of chemical fertilizers in most areas has led to the decline of soil tillage and fertilizer use efficiency in cotton fields, and seriously threatened the sustainable development of cotton industry. This project aims to study the effect of new compound microbial fertilizer on cotton growth and yield in the hope of providing scientific theoretical basis for the accurate application of compound microbial fertilizer in cotton field.【Methods】 Growth and yield of cotton were determined after applying different concentrations of compound microbial fertilizer, and the data were analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.【Results】 The results of the determination of cotton growth and yield under different treatments showed that the application of compound microbial fertilizer could increase plant height by 4.0%-9.2%, the number of fruit branches by 2.3%-9.6%, the number of bolls by 3.5%-6.9%, and the maximum increase of boll weight and lint yield by 5.0% and 16.6%, respectively. The results of correlation analysis and principal component analysis of cotton growth and yield showed that lint yield was positively correlated with plant height, root length, fruit branch number, boll number per plant, boll weight per plant and lint percentage, respectively. The comprehensive scores of different treatments on the effect of each analysis index were ranked as follows: T3＞T2＞T4＞T1＞CK.【Conclusion】 The application of compound microbial fertilizer can significantly increase cotton plant height, fruit branch number, single boll number, single boll weight and lint yield. If the concentration of compound microbial fertilizer is 450 kg/hm2, the comprehensive promotion effect on cotton growth and yield is the best.

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Influence of Typical Desert Farmland Shelter Forest on Soil Water and Salt Dynamics in Cotton Fields WU Yiyan, MA Bin, JIANG Yan 2021, 58(6): 1012-1020.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1294KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of typical farmland shelterbelts on soil water and salt dynamics of cotton field.【Method】 The cotton field-shelterbelt system of the 150th Regimental Farm in Shihezi, Xinjiang, was used as the research object, the water and salt content and evaporation of the shelterbelt in 0.1H, 0.25H, 0.5H, 1H, 2H and 3H regions and the forest land were analyzed.【Results】 (1) The shallow roots of the shelterbelt competed with the cotton plants for water in the range of 0.25H; (2) The salt content of the soil under the shelterbelt of cotton field was lower than that of the cotton field without shelterbelt, the salt content of the shallow soil of 0-20 cm was generally lower, and there was no salinization in the cotton field within 0.5H from the shelterbelt, the cotton field of this regiment field was basically maintained in the range of non-salinization or slight salinization; (3) The desalination effect of farmland shelterbelt was obvious, and especially at 0.1H the average desalting rate was above 14.38%, that was, the closer to farmland shelterbelt, the more obvious the desalting effect was.【Conclusion】 The serious competition for water in the shelterbelt edge can increase the irrigation frequency of the shelterbelt, and the shelterbelt has obvious desalination effect on the edge soil of forest belt, which can prevent the salinization of soil in this life.

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Effect Analysis of Cultivation Mode of Drip Irrigation Winter Wheat Precise Hole Sowing QI Shifa, ZHANG Jiafu, GAO Huihui, RAO Xiaojuan, ZHANG Zhanmei, JIN Gailong 2021, 58(6): 1021-1028.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (713KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effectiveness of the precision seeding technique of winter wheat, and to improve the high-quality and high-yield cultivation technique regulation of drip irrigation wheat.【Method】 Set up fixed survey points in demonstration fields with different seeding rates, and use fixed sampling and random sampling to investigate the cavitation rate, basic seedlings, total number of stems before winter, total number of stems overwintering, average number of tillers per plant, and The possible effective tiller number, effective ear number, yield and other data are compared with the conventional planting plots in Longwangmiao Village in terms of yield and benefits.【Results】 The results showed that the hole rates of 6.3 kg/667m2 and 8.3 kg/667m2 sowing rates were 20.6% and 9.1% respectively, the basic seedlings were 10.3 × 104/667m2 and 14.4 × 104/667m2 respectively, the tillers per plant were 3.1 and 2.8 respectively before winter, the tiller ear forming rate was 98% and 65% respectively before winter, the average ear forming rate per plant was 403% and 283% respectively, the harvested ears were 41.5 × 104/667m2 and 40.7 × 104/667m2 respectively, and the yield per unit area was 628 Compared with 16 kg/667m2 of drill sowing, the yield per unit area increased by 38 and 42 kg/667m2 respectively, the seed saved by 9.7 and 7.7 kg/667m2 respectively, and the benefit increased by 494.16 and 488.84 yuan/667m2 respectively.【Conclusion】 There is no obvious relationship between the yield of winter wheat and the sowing rate; with the increase of the sowing rate, the average single plant ear formation rate and effective tillering rate will gradually decrease; under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, the harvested ear number will increase with the sowing rate Shows a downward trend; the average number of grains per spike decreases with the increase of the average number of spikes; precise sowing of winter wheat can save production costs, increase yield and planting benefits; when the sowing rate is 6.3 kg/667m2, the number of tillers and the number of tillers into ears before winter The number of effective tillers and the number of harvested ears are the highest. The average ear formation rate per plant is 403%, the tiller ear formation rate before winter reaches 98%, and the cost-saving and efficiency-increasing amount reaches 494.16 yuan/667m2, which is the most cost-saving and efficiency-increasing.

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Adaptability and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Introduced Soybean Germplasm Resources GAO Yufang, ZHANG Yanjun, ZHAO Zhenning, ZHAO Baoxie, DU Shikun 2021, 58(6): 1029-1041.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1259KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the genetic diversity and adaptability of introduced soybean germplasm resources from different countries in the hope of providing excellent parents for soybean breeding.【Method】 SPSS 17.0 software and R language software were used for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and the adaptability and genetic diversity of 417 soybean germplasm resources introduced at home and abroad were analyzed.【Result】 The results showed that 363 of the 417 soybean germplasm resources were able to mature normally in the central Gansu Province, with the highest yield of 3,901.65 kg/hm2 and the highest 100-seed weight of 42.71 g. The genetic diversity index of 16 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.084,2 to 1.916,0, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 18.17% to 35.70%. The phenotypic traits (except for cotyledon color) exhibited varying degrees of correlation. Through cluster analysis, 363 germplasms were divided into 8 groups, and the similarity coefficient of soybean germplasm in Gansu Province was similar to that in Northern China and Huanghuai.【Conclusion】 These soybean resources showed very rich polymorphisms and high genetic diversity, and 26 specific germplasm resources were preliminarily screened.

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Effects of Biological Bacterial Fertilizer on Growth Index and Yield of Foxtail Millet WANG Junjie, LI Jun, QIAO Zhijun 2021, 58(6): 1042-1047.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (760KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this project is to study the effects of different levels of biological bacterial fertilizer on leaf area, aboveground biomass, photosynthetic rate and yield of foxtail millet.【Methods】 Jinpingu 4 was used as the experimental material, 6 fertilization levels were set up: 0 (CK), 450 (S1), 900 (S2), 1,350 (S3), 1,800 (S4) and 2,250 (S5) kg/hm2 in the field, with randomized block design and 3 replicates.【Results】 Leaf area of fertilization treatment in anthesis stage was significantly higher than that of CK, and the leaf area of S4 was the largest, 203.03 cm2 and 14.53% higher than that of CK; the aboveground fresh and dry weight of foxtail millet in anthesis stage was the largest, 579.46 g and 153.02 g, respectively, and was significantly higher than that of other treatments; the photosynthetic rate of S4 was the highest in heading stage, anthesis stage and filling stage, 26.29, 22.94 and 14.02 μmol/(m2·s2), the photosynthetic rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilization level, and different fertilization treatments were significantly higher than that of CK; the yield of different fertilization treatments was significantly higher than that of CK, and with the increase of fertilization, the yield increased to a certain peak and decreased, the yield of S4 was the highest, 4,995.00 kg/hm2, 17.80% higher than that of CK.【Conclusion】 As an environmental friendly fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer can replace part of inorganic fertilizer, and the suitable level is 1,800 kg/hm2.

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Effects of Different Rootstock Grafting on the Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Muskmelon WANG Haojie, MAO Jiancai, LI Junhua, ZHAI Wenqiang 2021, 58(6): 1048-1054.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (724KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit quality of grafted melon.【Methods】 Based on rootstock varieties Mingkehong 1, Shengqi 1, Yongqi 1, Shenli rootstock and Xinli 3 as rootstock, Huangpi 9818 as scion and grafting by grafting method, the survival rate, growth potential, fruit quality, sugar content, VC content and disease resistance were measured according to ungrafted 9818 as CK.【Results】 Compared with scion, the survival rate of pumpkin rootstock Shengzhen No.1 delayed by 2 days was the highest, reaching 93.26%, while the survival rate of Xinli 3 was the lowest, only 70%. In the growth period, the growth potential of Shengzhen 1 was the strongest, followed by Mingkehong 1. The other rootstocks were all weaker than the self-rooted seedlings, and the growth potential of Yongzhen 1 was the weakest, significantly different from self-rooted seedlings. Analysis of variance showed that the contents of heart sugar and side sugar in fruits of all rootstocks were significantly reduced, the weight of single melon, the thickness of flesh, and the differences from self-rooted seedlings were not significant, the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of Xinli 3 fruit were significantly different from those of self-rooted seedlings, and the differences among other rootstocks were not significant. Compared with the control group, except for the appearance of Shengzhen 1, the skin color of other rootstock fruits all changed significantly. The VC content of grafted melon fruits was lower than that of self-rooted seedling varieties. The total sugar content of grafted melon from Minkehong 1 was higher than that of self-rooted melon, while that of grafted melon from other rootstocks was lower than that of self-rooted melon at 9818. There was no significant difference in organic acid content, soluble solids and self-rooted seedlings, and grafting could effectively prevent the occurrence of blight.【Conclusion】 Combined with the results of survival rate, growth and development and fruit quality, this anvil Mingkehong 1 grafted melon 9818 has high survival rate, strong growth potential, good fruit quality and resistance to wilt. It is an excellent rootstock for melon grafting.

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Cloning and bioinformation analysis of 4CL gene in Cydonia oblonga Mill YANG Bo, CHE Yuhong, GUO Chunmiao, Mubareke·Ayoupu, WU Jingrong, DU Juan 2021, 58(6): 1055-1063.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2922KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clone and study the sequence characteristics of the 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) gene from the pulp of Cydonia oblonga Mill will lay a foundation of further study on the role and function of this gene in the development of quince fruit.【Methods】 The pulp of Cydonia oblonga Mill was used as test material and based on the 4CL gene cDNA sequence of related species reported by GenBank, primers were designed by primer premier 5.0 software. The total RNA was extracted and the cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription. The 4CL gene fragment was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD 18-T vector. DNAstar software was used for homologous sequence alignment. ClustalX combined with MEGA 4.1 software was used to construct phylogenetic tree. Protparam online program was used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of proteins, and the protein program of DNAstar was used to predict the secondary structure.【Results】 The open reading frame (ORF) sequence of 4CL gene in Cydonia oblonga Mill was 1,710 BP, which encoding protein of 570 amino acid residues, with a predicted molecular mass of 68.4 kD and the highest homology with other species was 91.99%. The evolutionary relationship between the two genes was close to that of water dense peach. 4CL protein in Cydonia oblonga Mill was a hydrophilic protein, and the secondary structure of 4CL protein was mainly random coil, which was accounting for 44.27%.【Conclusion】 The full-length coding region of 4CL gene in Cydonia oblonga Mill was successfully obtained, and the structural characteristics of the sequence were confirmed.

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Effect of Shading on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Muskmelon Abudoukeyoumu Abudourezike, ZHANG Yan, WANG Wei, YAN Guorong, ZHAO Lianjia, Gulimila Aikebaier 2021, 58(6): 1064-1070.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (755KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of shade and light on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of muskmelon with a purpose of exploring the physiological mechanism of shade and light affecting the fruit.【Method】 Based on three local melon varieties in Xinjiang, the experiment was carried out in 2019 at the comprehensive experimental site of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (87°28′E, 45°56′N) at No.1 Xiaokang Road, Anning District, Urumqi City, Xinjiang.【Result】 Compared to normal light, the shading weak light resulted in a rapid decrease in chlorophyll SPAD value, stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) in muskmelon leaves, an increase in intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and a decrease in soluble solids, soluble sugars, soluble protein content, refractive sugar and vitamin C in melon pulp. The change range of Kalakusai was smaller than that of Bixiekeqin and Qiligan.【Conclusion】 The adaptability of different ecotypes of muskmelon to shade and low light environment is different. Under the condition of mild and severe shading, the photosynthetic performance of muskmelon leaves decrease, the accumulation and output of photosynthetic products are blocked, and the final yield and quality of muskmelon decrease significantly with the deepening of shading (P<0.05).

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Effects of Branching and Ring-Cutting (Stripping) on Flowering and Fruit Setting of Fuji Apple in Arid Desert Area ZHANG Qi, CHEN Jun, YANG Mengyu, YUAN Zhenyang 2021, 58(6): 1071-1077.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (728KB) ( )   【Objective】 The growth habit of Fuji apple is not easy for young trees to become flower fruit, but the harsh environmental conditions in arid desert area of Xinjiang aggravate this phenomenon, so the purpose of this project aims to solve the problem of difficulty in fruit flowering formation and fruit setting of young Fuji apple trees. 【Methods】 Four-year-old Fuji apple samplings were used as test materials, and the methods of pulling branches + main branches ring stripping and pulling branches + main branches and trunk ring cutting were used to promote flowering and fruiting.【Results】 【Conclusion】 Pulling branch + main branch ring stripping and pulling branch + main branch and trunk ring cutting treatment could not only control the crown size of Fuji apple young tree, inhibit new growth, increase branch quantity, promote short branch growth; The amount of flower buds, flowering rate and fruit setting rate of the plant, main branch and long, medium and short branches; but also inhibit the growth of new leaves and the synthesis of chlorophyll. Among them, the flower-promoting effect is better by pulling the branch +main branch and trunk ring cutting treatment.

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Effects of Amino Acid Selenium Leaf Fertilizer on the Physiological Characteristics of Early Senescence of Autumn Dew Muskmelon Leaves in Turpan LIU Zhigang, REN Hongsong, Maimaiti Aihemaiti, Huxidan Maimaiti, Nuerziyeguli Mahemuti, Amuti Kuerban, WANG Ruihua, LI Haifeng 2021, 58(6): 1078-1085.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1150KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of foliar application of different concentrations of amino acid selenium fertilizer on the physiology of early senescence of dew melon in autumn in Turpan, Xinjiang, and to select the best application concentration and frequency of amino acid selenium fertilizer in the technology of delaying and regulating early senescence.【Methods】 Under the condition of autumn open field cultivation in Turpan, the main cultivar of melon Xizhoumi 17 was used as the test material, and different concentrations of amino acid selenium fertilizer were sprayed on the leaves from the beginning of flowering. The changes of chlorophyll, soluble protein content, malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activity of different concentrations of amino acid selenium fertilizer on the leaves of melon were analyzed compared with that of clear water. And, the relationship with leaf premature senescence was studied as well.【Results】 Compared with the control treatment with clear water, spraying amino acid selenium fertilizer of 2,000-2,500 times every 7 days for 6-7 times can effectively delayed the decline rate of relative chlorophyll content and soluble protein content in leaves during senescence, reduce the increase of MDA, and significantly improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes.【Conclusion】 It is an ideal control measure to delay the senescence of muskmelon leaves by spraying amino acid selenium 2,000-2,500 times.

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Study on Leaf Characteristics and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Bud Mutation and Variety from Red Fuji WU Zezhen, WEN Yue, HU Zhen, WANG Anli, ZHOU Wenjing, LI Wensheng 2021, 58(6): 1086-1094.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (999KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the biological characteristics of leaves of red Fuji bud and to provide reference for the selection of superior bud variety.【Method】 In this experiment, three preferred types of red Fuji bud and two types of red Fuji were used as experimental materials to compare leaf characteristics with photosynthetic characteristics and analyze the correlation.【Result】 There was no significant difference in leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness and leaf area of all materials tested (P<0.05), while the leaf weight and chlorophyll content of N1 and N2 were significantly different from those of the other three. There were also obvious differences in materials; the net photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance of N1 were significantly higher than those of other materials; the daily change of the net photosynthetic rate of the test material was a 'bimodal' curve, showing an obvious photosynthetic 'midday break' phenomenon, but the peaks and troughs appeared at different times; correlation analysis shows that the net photosynthetic rate was extremely positively correlated with stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, water use efficiency and transpiration rate (P<0.01), and was extremely significant negative correlation with intercellular CO2 between cells (P＜0.01).【Conclusion】 The net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, single leaf weight and stomatal conductance of "N1" were significantly higher than those of the other four test materials, showing strong photosynthetic capacity, which can be used as key materials for further seed selection of bud variation.

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Experimental Study on the Tree Shape Culture and Inflorescence Regulation of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge YAN Pan, WANG Jiuzhao, JIANG Jiyuan, LI Ming, CHEN Qiling 2021, 58(6): 1095-1105.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (926KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study was to compare the fruit drop dynamics, fruit characters and seed quality among three shapes of Xanthoceras sorbifolium, to study the effect of inflorescence regulation, and to explore the relationship between tree structure and fruiting characters, so as to provide reference for tree shape culture and flower and fruit management of young Xanthoceras sorbifolium. 【Methods】 The two experiment factor design was adopted, through field experiment, the results were analyzed by ANOVA, multiple comparison, principal component analysis and correlation analysis.【Results】 The number of inflorescences in the cluster of main branches shape was 33, which was significantly higher than that in the other two tree shapes, it's final fruit set percentage was 28%, which was significantly higher than that in natural open-centeralized shape, and most fruit and seed characters were better than the central leader tree shape significantly.When cut off the top of inflorescence, the fruit drop rate decreased from 56% to 41% in fruit growth period, and the thickness of shell under cut off inflorescence'top and emasculation was 6% less than remove inflorescence treatment. The tree structure indexes related to seed yield were ground diameter (r= 0.238) and branch diameter (r= 0.350), and the inflorescence flower indexes related to seed yield were inflorescence site (r= 0.204), flower number (r= 0.343) and pregnant flowers ratio (r=0.322). The tree structure index related to seed quality was branch number (r=0.351), and the inflorescence flower indexes related to seed quality were inflorescence remove rate (r=- 0.436) and pregnant flowers ratio (r= - 0.216).【Conclusion】 The tree shape has a general effect on inflorescence,fruit and seed characters of the young trees of Xanthoceras sorbifolium.The 1,000 seed weight and kernel percentage of the cluster of main branches shape are higher than that of the central leader tree shape significantly.The inflorescence regulation treatment has significant effect on reducing the fruit drop rate in fruit growth period, reducing the shell thickness and improving the seed production rate.

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Analysis on fruit quality characteristics of Amygdalus ferganensis var nectarine CHENG Ping, LIU Zihao, LI Hong, YANG Lu, ZHANG Zhigang 2021, 58(6): 1106-1112.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (669KB) ( )   【Objective】 Objective to analyze and evaluate the fruit quality characteristics of Amygdalus ferganensis var nectarine germplasm resources in Aksu region of Xinjiang, so as to provide technical support for Xinjiang nectarine breeding.【Method】 Seven fruits of excellent germplasm resources of A. ferganensis var nectarine around Aksu City of Xinjiang in the northern margin of Tarim Basin were selected as the research objects. (two kinds of A. ferganensis were used as control). The sensory characteristics, flavor quality and functional nutritional quality of peach fruit were determined.【Results】 The single fruit weight of A. ferganensis var nectarine in Aksu area is 29.90-74.62 g, the minimum single fruit weight (29.90 g) is lower than the minimum value of 150 nectarine varieties in China (40.00 g), with an average of 50.08 g. The contents of soluble solid and soluble sugar were more than 12% and 9% respectively. However, the skin hardness of A. ferganensis var nectarine fruit is less than 3 kg/cm2.【Conclusion】 The fruit of A. ferganensis var nectarine are quality excellent and tastes delicious, and its shape belongs to two grades: very small and small, and the content of soluble solids and soluble sugar belongs to high or very high grade. The storage and transportation intolerance is the key factor limiting the development of A. ferganensis var nectarine.

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Optimization of Fermentation Technology for Mulberry Fruit and Leaf Wine by Response Surface Methodology LEI Jing, CHEN Ya, LIAN Weijia, HAN Chen, Ayijiamali Jiapaer, REN Hongsong 2021, 58(6): 1113-1123.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1204KB) ( )   【Objective】 Response surface analysis was used to optimize the fermentation technology for mulberry fruit and leaf wine with a view to provide theoretical support for fruit wine processing enterprises.【Method】 In this experiment, black mulberry and dried mulberry leaves were used as raw materials, through single factor experiment and variance analysis, the significant factors affecting the quality of mulberry fruit and leaf wine were found and response surface methodology was applied to analyze the effects of various factors on sensory evaluation of mulberry fruit and leaf wine and ascertain the optimum fermentation technology.【Result】 In this project, four major influential factors were screened out by single facor experiment: the raw material ratio, fermentation temperature, initial Ph value and initial sugar content. A four-factor three-level Box-Behnken central composite experiment was established, and the obtained mathematical model between the sensory score and various factors of the wine was Y =91.36+0.37A-0.198B+1.02C-1.56D+0.45AB-0.43AC-0.67AD+0.33BC-0.25BD+0.90CB-2.96A2-1.85B2-2.53C2-3.02D2.【Conclusion】 The optimum fermentation condition of mulberry leaf wine raw material ratio is 103.64, fermentation temperature is 17.04℃, initial pH value is 3.59 and initial sugar content is 21.83%. Under these conditions, the maximum theoretical value of sensory score of mulberry fruit and leaf wine is 91.63 points, which is consistent with the predicted value of the model.

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LdATPaseE in the Regulation of Larval Molting Mechanism in Leptinotarsa decemlineata LIAO Lanlan, WANG Jun, FU Kaiyun, DING Xinhua, HE Jiang, Tursun Ahmat, GUO Wenchao, 2021, 58(6): 1124-1137.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (2339KB) ( )   【Objective】 Previous experiments showed that feeding different doses of LdATPaseE to Colorado Potato Beetles' larvae resulted in a gradual decline in the feeding amount, mobility, digging ability, pupation rate, and emergence rate of the larvae. This experiment attempts to explain the LdATPaseE gene expression pattern and how the insulin-like signaling pathway affects juvenile hormone and ecdysone hormone, thereby regulating the pupa and emergence of Coloradopotato beetle larvae.【Methods】 The LdATPaseEcDNA was obtained by transcriptome data and RT-PCR cloning from Colorado Potato Beetles. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were used to determine the integrity and phylogeny of the gene's cDNA. The expression of larvae in different tissues of Colorado Potato Beetles at different developmental stages was detected by qPCR. The effect of the gene on the growth and development of Colorado Potato Beetle larvae was observed by feeding the larvae dsRNA, and the effects of juvenile hormone and ecdysone on the expression of the gene were determined.【Results】 dsLdATPaseE-1 and dsLdATPaseE-2 were fed to second-instar larvae, leading to successfully knocking down of the target gene's expression level, and prevented the growth of second-instar larvae and significantly increased the mortality of second-instar larvae. Feeding dsLdATPaseE-1 and dsLdATPaseE-2 at the third and fourth instar stage of larvae, the target gene was knocked down at even very low concentrations, preventing larval growth and significantly reducing the pupation rate of potato beetle larvae. In addition, knockdown of LdATPaseE also significantly increased the expression of LdInR and Ld4EBP, inhibited the transcription of an ecdysone synthesis gene, and decreased the 20E titer and the expression of a 20E response gene. Silence of LdATPaseE also inhibited the expression of a JH synthase gene, reduced the JH titer, and down-regulated the expression of a JH early response gene.【Conclusion】 Upon silencing LdATPaseE, it may affect larval growth and development by inhibiting its suppressioninsulin/insulin-like pathways, thereby reducing the titer of 20E and JH, down-regulating 20E and JH signals.

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Study on predation preference of Neoseiulus bicaudus strain in laboratory ZHU Andi, SU Jie, CHEN Jing, LI Haiqiang, ZHANG Jianping 2021, 58(6): 1138-1144.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (755KB) ( )   【Objective】 Artificial diet could play a role in artificial rearing and population keeping of natural enemy insects by adding nutrients. In this study, the artificial diet adding influence of predation of N. bicaudus were tested among several predatory mite lab strains from different experience of feeding. The objective was to evaluate the artificial diet for predatory mite of lab-strains in artificial rearing and releasing in the field.【Method】 Three strains of N. bicaudus (1 fed by natural prey; 2 fed by alternative prey; 3 fed by artificial diet) were tested on two different conditions (with/without artificial diet). We observed the predation and selectivity of predatory mite in plexiglass chambers. Prey preference and influence coefficient were used to analyze the effect of artificial diet on predation of N. bicaudus.【Result】 After adding artificial diet, thefeeding rates of N. bicaudus to alternative prey (T. putrescentiae) were decreased. Differently, the adding of artificial would not interfere the feeding rates of N. bicaudus to natural prey (T. turkestani). The predation of N. bicaudus to T. turkestani was the highest when they fed on natural prey among all strains, when there is no artificial feed, the feeding rate can reach 83.33%, when artificial feed is provided, the feeding rate can reach 79.33%. Similarly, the predation of N. bicaudus to T. putrescentiae was the highest when they fed on alternavitive prey among all strains, when there is no artificial feed, the feeding rate can reach 63.33%.【Conclusion】 Artificial diet could provide nutrition for N. bicaudus in field to keep the population of predatory mite in lab which would not interfere the control effect on T. turkestani. In addition, artificial diet could help to relieve stress of prey in the artificial rearing of predatory mite by providing extra nutrition. The feeding experience of N. bicaudus was very important for selection and predation of predatory mite.

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Study on Antioxidant Effect and Preparation Technology of Chewable Tablets of Betacyanins Spray-Dried Powder LIU Qilong, HAN Haixia, BAO Xiaowei, ZHONG Zhiming, MA Qiang 2021, 58(6): 1145-1153.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1217KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the antioxidative effect of Betacyaninsspray-dried powder (BSP) in vitroand preparation technology of chewable tablets.【Methods】 The antioxidant activity of BSP was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl free radical scavenging capacity test and total reducing power test; BSP was used as a raw material and wet granulation was applied to prepare chewing tablets by the single factor test and sensory evaluation.【Results】 The result of antioxidant test showed that the antioxidant activity of BSP was dose-dependent in the range of 40-1,280 μg/mL. When the concentration was at 1,280 μg/mL, the clearance rates of BSP on DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals were 91.19%, 83.23%, and 91.26%, respectively. The IC50 value of Betacyanins scavenging DPPH free radical, ABTS free radical, and Hydroxyl free radical were 109.65, 260.49 and 89.59 μg/mL, respectively, and the reducing power of BSP and vitamin C was equivalent in the range of 40 to 1,280 μg/mL; The optimum technological formula was as follows: The ratio of xylitol, mannitol, maltodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, sorbitol was 4∶4∶3∶1∶1, the raw material (BSP) and the excipient were mixed by 1∶2, citric acid was 1% and magnesium stearate was 1.5% at the conditions of 75% ethanol as the wetting agent. The sensory score of the final chewable tablet was 90.14.【Conclusion】 BSP will be developed and applied because of its good antioxidant capacity and the good taste of the chewable tablets made from it.

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Study on the Detection of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus by Nanoenzyme Immunochromatographic Test Strip Method FU Na, XIANG Jun, ZHANG Yongjiang, ZHANG Xianglin 2021, 58(6): 1154-1159.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (702KB) ( )   【Objective】 To develop a nanozyme immuno-chromatographic strip assay (NISA) to detect Maize chlorotic mottle virus. 【Method】 The double-antibody sandwich method was used to bind the nanozyme-labeled mouse antibody IgG to MCMV, and then to the mouse antibody on the nitrocellulose membrane quality control line.【Results】 The developed NISA and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were used to detect the grinding dilutions of corn chlorotic mottle virus gradient dilution, the sensitivity was 10-7 and 10-5 respectively; the other four viruses were used as controls for specificity. There was no cross reaction in the experiment. The test strip was used to test the test samples, and the test results were verified by RT-PCR and gene sequencing methods. The results showed that the three test results were consistent.【Conclusion】 The test strip has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting MCMV, and can be used to detect MCMV in scientific research, agricultural production units and port institutions.

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The Influence of Different Warm-up Degrees on the Blood Gas Indexes of Yili Horse at Each Stage after 1,000 m Speed Race ZHANG Yue, YAO Xinkui, MENG Jun, ZENG Yaqi, WANG Jianwen, YAO Runchen, YUAN Xinxin, Ayixianmu Mijiti, FU Xinyue, Yusupujiang Keremujiang 2021, 58(6): 1160-1167.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (722KB) ( )   【Objective】 】In this study, the influence of different warm-up degree on blood gas index of Yili horse in each stage after 1,000 m speed race was studied, which provided technical support for optimizing horse warm-up program and improving Yili horse's recovery ability after 1,000 m speed race.【Method】 In the experiment, 10 speed-type Yili horses were selected as the research objects. Control the horse's heart rate to be stable at 50%-60% HRmax, 60%-70% HRmax, 70%-80% HRmax in the 10min. A 1,000 m speed race was conducted. And the difference analysis of the blood gas indexes of the horses at each stage after the competition of each group.【Result】 In the Yili Horse 1,000 m Speed Race,At the warm-up level of group I, The concentrations of Glu, Hct, and Hb immediately after the race were significantly higher than pre-race, 30 minutes after the race, and 60 minutes after the race (P<0.01).The Hct concentration returned to the pre-race level 30 minutes after the race;The pCO2 before the race, 30 minutes after the race, and 60 minutes after the race were all significantly higher than immediately after the race (P<0.01), and returned to the pre-race level 30 minutes after the race;The pO2 immediately after the race was significantly higher than 30 minutes after the race and 60 minutes after the race (P<0.01), which was significantly higher than before the race; the TCO2 at pre-race and 60 minutes after the race was extremely significantly higher than that immediately after the race and 30 minutes after the race (P<0.01); TCO2 in 30 minutes after the race was extremely significantly higher than immediately after the race (P<0.01); pH values at pre-race, 30 minutes after the race, and 60 minutes after the race were all significantly higher than immediately after the race (P<0.01 ); LAC concentration immediately after the race was significantly higher than pre-race, 30 minutes after the race, and 60 minutes after the race (P<0.01); LAC concentration at 30 minutes after the race was extremely significantly higher than the 60 minutes before and after the race (P<0.01) ); LAC concentration in 60 minutes after the race was significantly higher than pre-race (P<0.05); BE (ecf) concentration in pre-race and 60 minutes after the race was significantly higher than immediately after the race; BE (ecf) concentration in 30 minutes after the race Significantly higher than immediately after the race (P<0.01); BE (b) concentrations in pre-race and 60 minutes after the race were significantly higher than immediately after the race and 30 minutes after the race (P<0.01); BE (b) in 30 minutes after the race ) The concentration was significantly higher than immediately after the race (P<0.01).【Conclusion】 The Yili Horse 1,000 m speed race horses warm up for 10 minutes at a maximum heart rate of 50%-60%. It is effective in restoring the lung ventilation function of horses after the race, and effectively regulating the blood acid-base balance and aerobic metabolism after exercise.

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Correlation Analysis of Diversified Meat Consumption and Price of Urban Residents in Xinjiang LI Miao, YU Wen, DAI Jian 2021, 58(6): 1168-1176.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.06.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (806KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the characteristics of the meat consumption structure of urban residents in Xinjiang, analyze the relationship between income, consumption expenditure, consumption, the influence of price changes on meat consumption and consumption expenditure, and meat consumption trends in the hope of providing a scientific basis for studying these issues from the multi-factor of demand side.【Method】 The relevant data of the meat consumption of cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry were collected and double logarithmic linear expenditure model and LA/AIDS model were applied to measure and calculate the income elasticity, expenditure elasticity, self-price elasticity, cross-price elasticity and demand income elasticity of Xinjiang urban residents' meat consumption expenditure aiming at analyzing the basic characteristics and changing rules of meat consumption.【Result】 During the 23 years from 1995 to 2018, the beef and mutton consumption increased by 4.12%, while the consumption expenditure increased by 7.33%. In the meanwhile, the consumption trend of beef replacing mutton was obvious. The beef consumption in the total meat consumption increased by 9.29%, and the consumption expenditure in the total meat consumption increased by 18.91%. The mutton consumption in the total meat consumption decreased by 6.07%, and the consumption expenditure in the total meat consumption decreased by 11.56%. The nature of pork as an auxiliary consumption was obvious. The consumption proportion was basically stable at 20%, with the consumption expenditure accounting for about 15%.【Conclusion】 The consumption of meat among urban residents in Xinjiang is increasing steadily, and the income is positively correlated with the consumption expenditure and demand of meat. The consumption cross-price elasticity, self-price elasticity and expenditure elasticity reflect the basic characteristics and internal correlation of meat consumption. The meat consumption structure of urban residents in Xinjiang is dominated by beef and mutton. The changes of meat consumption in the market are significantly affected by price elasticity, and there is a strong price correlation among cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry. The importance of mutton in meat consumption is weakening, displaying a diversified consumption pattern. The changes in income do not affect the meat consumption expenditure significantly.