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20 October 2021, Volume 58 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochenistry·Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection
Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Reduction for Cotton
Plant Protection·Soil Fertilizer·Water Saving Irrigation·Agroecological Environment·Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization
Prataculture·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering·Agricultural Eeconomy


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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochenistry·Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection

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Comprehensive Analysis of Agronomic Characters of 46 Soybean Varieties (Lines) of Summer Soybeans (South) in Huang-huai-hai Region Qiong LI, Shihao CHANG, Wentao SHU, Qingchun YANG, Jinhua LI, Donghui ZHANG, Baoliang ZHANG, Laicheng ZHANG, Zhen GENG 2021, 58(10): 1765-1774.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1219KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide reference for the utilization of summer soybean resources in Huang-huai-hai (Southern area) and the selection of high-quality germplasm. 【Methods】 46 new soybean varieties(lines) of the national Huang-huai-hai summer soybean (South) pilot test in 2020 were used as materials and 9 agronomic traits were studied for genetic variation, principal component analysis, comprehensive evaluation, and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The 9 agronomic traits of different materials showed great differences; the effective branch number and bottom pod height had the largest coefficient of variation; the yield was significantly positively correlated with the number of seeds per plant and the weight per plant, and was related to 100 seeds. The weight was significantly positively correlated; the grain weight per pant was significantly positively correlated with the number of effective pods per plant and the number of gains per plant; the hundred-seed weight was significantly positively correlated with the grain weight per plant, and significantly negatively correlated with the number of effective branches correlation. The number of branches was negatively correlated with the height of the bottom pod. Principal component analysis transformed 9 traits into 3 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 66.5%, and comprehensively evaluated of 46 varieties (lines); cluster analysis divided the test materials into 3 groups, among which group I, whose plant type was taller, had better branching properties, a hevier 100-seed weight and good yield. Group II had the largest 100-grain weight, short plant type, few branches, and poor yield. Group III had the largest number of branches, the smallest 100-grain weight, medium to small plant type, with average high yield. 【Conclusion】 The germplasm resources of Huang-huai-hai summer soybean (South) had a high level of diversity and rich genetic diversity. The selection of good parents should grasp the keys to the mutual connection and mutual restriction among the “yield factor”,“main stem factor” and “branch factor”. The five varieties (lines), Zheng 1440, Zhoudou 34, Pudou 5110, Hengdou 6 and Nannong 47 with the highest comprehensive scores can be used as good parents to improve local soybean varieties. Cluster analysis of the test materials were divided into 3 groups. Group I was used as excellent parents for multi-target traits and comprehensive traits, group II was used as excellent parents for breeding larg-grain varieties, and group III can be used as excellent parents for breeding multi-branched varieties.

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Degradation Characteristics of Biodegradable Plastic Film and Its Effect on Maize Yield Dilimaimaiti Dilibaier, Qiuxiang TANG, Lei LEI, Lili SU 2021, 58(10): 1775-1783.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1024KB) ( )   【Objective】 The degradation performance, soil moisture content, maize growth and development, yield of biodegradable film were discussed.【Methods】 Tianye (Whole Biodegradable Film) and Hongrui (Whole Biodegradable Film), PED (Polyethylene Blown Agricultural Ground Cover Film) were applied and recorded as TZ, TY, HR and CK film to perform maize comparative experiments. 【Results】 The results showed that HR degradable film had advantages over other two kinds of degradable film in terms of explaining intensity. HR degradable film and TY degraded film entered the second degradable stage 10 days earlier than TZ treatment and eventually entered the disintegration stage in the maize harvest period. Compared with CK treatment, the yields of TY and TZ treatment were significantly reduced by 7.1% and 12.44%. There was no significant difference in yield between HR treatment and CK treatment. 【Conclusion】 HR degradable plastic film is more suitable for maize growth characteristics in northern Xinjiang.

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Maize Grain Configuration Characters: Relationship with Yield and Drought Resistance Lei ZHANG, Xiaoqing XIE, Huaijun TANG, Baocheng SUN, Cheng LIU 2021, 58(10): 1784-1790.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1187KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study of the grain traits change and its relationship with yield and drought resistance during the change of irrigation amount will provide theoretical basis for drought resistance breeding and water saving cultivation of maize. 【Methods】 Taking the full irrigation water amount of the field as 100%, and set five under-irrigation proportions of 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 0%. 10 grain related characters of 10 maize hybrids were determined under 6 water stress treatments, which were used to study the variation trend of grain characters with the proportion of irrigation and the relationship between grain characters and drought resistance. 【Results】 With the decrease of irrigation ratio and the aggravation of drought, the grain weight per plant, 100 grain weight, grain length, grain width, rectangularity, grain color R and grain color G decreased gradually, while the grain thickness, roundness and grain color B increased gradually. The variance analysis showed that the grain weight per plant, 100 grain weight, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, roundness, rectangularity, grain color R and grain color G were significantly different in different irrigation ratios. 【Conclusion】 The grain traits of maize hybrid have obvious response to drought stress. Grain weight per plant, 100 grain weight, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, roundness, rectangularity, grain color R and grain color G could be used as reference indexes for drought resistance identification and drought resistance breeding of maize.

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Study on the Relationship between Flavor and Fatty Acids of Melon Seed Oil Extracted by Subcritical Method Zhonghong WU, Longying PEI, Jian ZHANG, Luxi JIANG, Jianjun KONG, Juan DU, Bin WU 2021, 58(10): 1791-1801.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1419KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the relationship between volatile flavor components and fatty acids in melon seed oil of five varieties. 【Methods】 The volatile flavor components and fatty acids of melon seed oil of different varieties were determined by GC-MS, and PCA and variable projection importance analysis were carried out by R language. 【Results】 A total of 65 volatile compounds were identified from 5 melon seed oils. There were 37 kinds of volatile substances detected in Xinmi No.1 sample, including 30 kinds of Queen sample, 29 kinds of Xianggua and 86-1 samples, 26 kinds of Lv bao-shi samples, and it was also found that there were significant differences in volatile substances among 5 samples. PCA analysis showed that the volatile components of melon seed oil of five varieties were divided into four categories, and Queen and Lv bao-shi were classified into one category. By analyzing the fatty acid composition of five melon seed oils, it was found that the five melon seed oils were rich in unsaturated fatty acids with an average content of 75.34%, among which linoleic acid was the highest with an average content of 56.81%. 【Conclusion】 The correlation analysis of volatile substances and fatty acids in five varieties showed that 2-decyltetradecanoic acid, octadecenoic acid, arachidic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid and ricinoleic acid had strong correlation with some aroma substances.

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Quality Properities of Different Varieties of Cucumis melo L. in Xinjiang Miao YAN, Guozhi HU, Tao XIONG, Jiongxin FENG 2021, 58(10): 1802-1808.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (634KB) ( )   【Objective】 The research aims to study six varieties of Cucumis melo L. mainly planted in Xinjiang and analyze systematically the differences in appearance quality and nutritional quality characteristics, so as to lay a foundation for scientific evaluation and identification of the quality characteristics. 【Methods】 The quality characteristics of 6 varieties of Cucumis melo L. were analyzed by measuring the relative indexes of appearance quality and nutrient quality. 【Results】 Among the six varieties, only the Baimei showed white and smooth surface,which could be sold as a highlight for feature sales. Only the pulps of Huangzuixian and Zaozuixian were of soft texture with special aroma, which should focus on the elderly and children. The varieties with the hardest texture are the Baimei and Xinhongxincui, which indicated that the storability was the strongest. Except that Xinhongxincui and Xizhoumi No.25 belonged to large or middle size melons, the rest four cultivars were of moderate sizes between 1 and 2 kg. The soluble solid in those melons reached more than 14% except the Huangzuixian. 【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in soluble content and sugar-acid ratio among different varieties, and the order from large to small was as follows: Huangpi No. 9818 > Xizhoumi No. 25 > Baimei > Hongxincui > Zaozuixian > Huangzuixian. The results of cluster analysis showed that Zaozuixian, Huangzuixian and Xinhongxincui were categorized into one class, and Huangpi No. 9818, Xizhoumi No. 25 and Baimei were classified into another category. Different varieties of Cucumis melo L. have different quality, so consumers can choose according to their different preferences.

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Analysis of Economic Characters and Fruit Nutrition Components ofArmeniaca vulgaris var.ansu family Shengjun DONG, Ranran WANG, Nan SHENG, Wanjin HU, Yang QU, Jianhua CHEN 2021, 58(10): 1809-1820.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (860KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study analyzed the economic characters and fruit nutrition component, in the hope of providing the oretical basis for the selection and comprehensive development and utilization of excellent Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu families.【Methods】 Taking 38 Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu families from Ningxia and Gansu Provinces as the material, their economic characters and fruit nutrition components were studied by means of variation analysis,multiple comparison,correlation analysis and principal component analysis.【Results】 The variation coefficient of fruit yield was 0.78, the Shannon index of VC content was 2.02, and the Shannon index of fruit nutrition components was higher than that of economic characters. The variation degree of economic characters and nutrition component of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu families was high, and the diversity was rich. There was a strong correlation between the content of nutrition components and fruit traits, among which single fruit mass was positively correlated with the three diameters of fruit. The cumulative contribution rate of principal component analysis was 78.786%, which could represent the main information of characters. 【Conclusion】 Six excellent families, such as No.102, No.119 and No.201, are selected synthetically, among which, No.102 and No.119 families have good taste of fresh fruit, high nutritional value, and No.201 family has the largest fruit yield, which can be used as the type of high yield.

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Evaluation of Chilling and Heat Requirements of New Peach Cultivars and Preliminary Study on Dynamic Model Tianfa GUO, Changwen CHEN, Yong LI, Jinlong WU, Renci XIONG 2021, 58(10): 1821-1828.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (898KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to estimate chilling and heat requirements and relationship between them for new peach cultivars and explore the feasibility of dynamic model in Zhengzhou area. 【Methods】 Chilling and heat requirements were studied in 23 peach cultivars by using four different models(≤7.2 ℃ model, 0-7.2 ℃ model, Utah model and Dynamic model)for estimating chilling requirement and two different models ( Growing degree hours model and Effective temperature model ) for estimating heat requirement, and correlation between chilling requirement and heat requirement were established by combining the ‘chill R’ package in R studio. 【Results】 There were significant differences in chilling requirement among the 23 new varieties,between 631.5 h and 1,162.0 h(≤7.2 ℃ model)or between 501.5 h and 886.0 h(0-7.2 ℃ model)or between 525.0 CU and 836.0 CU (Utah model)or between 27.7 CP and 46.3 CP (Dynamic model). The heat requirements ranged between 127.3 D℃ and 257.3 D℃(Effective temperature model)or between 4,004.7 GDH℃ and 6,898.0 GDH℃ Growing degree hours model (GDH). Although the chilling and heat requirements of peach were not necessarily related to the fruit ripening period, there was a positive correlation between the chilling requirement and the effective accumulated temperature model. Under the dynamic model, the chilling requirement had a high correlation with other models. 【Conclusion】 Among the 23 new peach varieties, the moderate chilling requirement accounts for about 65%, which can be planted in most suitable cultivation areas such as Yangtze River Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China. The dynamic model is feasible to evaluate the chilling requirement in Zhengzhou area.

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Advances in Tomato Proteomics Research under Abiotic Stress Qiang WANG, Baike WANG, Huifang LIU, Hongwei HAN, Hongmei ZHUANG, Juan WANG, Tao YANG, Hao WANG, Yong QIN 2021, 58(10): 1829-1837.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (850KB) ( )   【Objective】 Abiotic stress is a key factor that restricts the growth and development of tomato, and affects the quality and yield of tomato crops, review in recent years, the research development of proteomics in tomato adversity stress, summarized proteomics technology in tomato response to abiotic (salt, drought, high temperature, low temperature, other) stress on the research progress of in-depth study for the use of proteomics technology.The molecular mechanism of tomato response to abiotic stress lays a theoretical foundation. 【Methods】 Statistical methods were used to collect literature data, and proteomics in tomato response to abiotic (saline-alkali, drought,High temperature, low temperature, etc.) stress was analyzed and summarized. 【Results】 Salt tolerance (osmotic regulation, osmotic protection, ion homeostasis, oxygen elimination scavengers, stress response, etc.) was related to the duration of stress. Down-regulated proteins were mainly involved in metabolism and energy conversion, and up-regulated proteins were involved in signal transduction or transport. Drought response proteins include proteins associated with heat and osmotic protectant production, lipid metabolism, cell wall modification, ceramide metabolism, and mitogen-activated protein phosphorylation. Proteins are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including defense/stress responses, ion binding/transport, photosynthesis and protein synthesis, how stress conditions are initially perceived, and which major responses are activated by plant organs. 【Conclusion】 Under abiotic stress, tomato responded to various abiotic stresses by changing its protein expression level. Proteomic studies can reveal the dynamic changes of cellular proteins in tomato during stress response and identify differentially expressed proteins, which is an important part of tomato resistance biology research.

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Height Extraction and Growing Stock Inversion of Picea schrenkiana var. tianshanica in Tianshan Mountain Based on UAV Image Jincheng LÜ, Zhenxi WANG, Yongqiang YANG, Yanbin QU, Qiyao MA, Siming ZHU 2021, 58(10): 1838-1845.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1486KB) ( )   【Objective】 To establish the image elevation data model for inversion of forest growing stock inversion of Picea schrenkiana var. tianshanica based on the trees in Qiaxi Forest Park in Gongliu County, western Tianshan, Xinjiang, UAV aerial image and sample ground per wooden scale as data source in the hope of providing a reference for the ecological restoration and scientific management of natural forest protection project. 【Methods】 Using point cloud classification and Kriging interpolation to extract UAV image elevation data to obtain the height of Picea schrenkiana var. tianshanica, and at the same time, the DBH tree height model was established according to the measured data of the sample land, and the forest volume of Picea schrenkiana var.tianshanica. 【Results】 There was a significant positive correlation between tree height and measured tree height extracted by UAV images. the average extraction accuracy was 88.42%. The correlation coefficient of DBH-crown width model of Picea Schrenkiana var. tianshanica was 0.696, while that of DBH-tree height model was 0.730. Verify the DBH-tree height model, the calculated RMSE value is 12.386, the fitting effect is significant. The accuracy of retrieving stand volume based on DBH-tree height model is 87.66%. Compared with the measured values, most of the residual values fall in the residual range of (- 2,+2). 【Conclusion】 The local maximum algorithm is effective in extracting tree height information of Picea Schrenkiana var. tianshanica forest. The establishment of DBH-tree height model makes up for the defect that UAV can not measure DBH directly, and then inverts the stand volume ofPicea Schrenkiana var. tianshanica forest.

Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Reduction for Cotton

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Determination of DIMBOA Residues in Helicoverpa armigera by UPLC-MS/MS Weizheng LI, Zhongxiong NING, He LIANG, Wei LU 2021, 58(10): 1846-1850.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (541KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compared the effects of two pretreatment methods on the determination of DIMBOA in Helicoverpa armigera, and establish an UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of DIMBOA in H. armigera. 【Methods】 The samples of H. armigera were extracted by methanol vortex oscillation and ultrasonic wave and the content of DIMBOA was determined by Waters UPLC-MS/MS (Xevo TQS mass spectrometry). The chromatographic column was BEH C18, the mobile phase was methanol- pure water (containing 0.5% glacial acetic acid) gradient elution, and the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. 【Results】 At concentrations of 5 and 50 μg/L, the addition recovery rate of methanol ultrasonic extraction method was the best, the average addition recovery rates were 84.26% and 96.78%, respectively, and the limit of quantity was 5 μg/L. 【Conclusion】 The accuracy, precision and addition recovery of methanol ultrasonic extraction method meet the requirements of compound residue analysis.

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Effects of Sublethal Doses of Three Insecticides on the Growth and Reproduction of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii Zhixiong LI, Yindi WEI, Yue SU, Bingrun CHEN, Guohui HOU, Hui WEN, Yongsheng YAO, Jing CHEN 2021, 58(10): 1851-1859.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (795KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effects of sublethal doses of sulfoxaflor, thiacloprid and clothianidin on the reproductive development of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii in Alar cotton zone. 【Methods】 The virulence of three insecticide to Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii adults were determined by leaf dipping method. The F0 generations of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii were treated with LC10 and LC30. Life parameters such as longevity, fecundity and developmental duration of F0 and F1 generations were recorded, and the life table of population was established. 【Results】 Sublethal doses of sulfoxaflor, thiacloprid and clothianidin (LC30) significantly inhibited the longevity and fecundity of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii, their longevity decreased by 27.99%-40.09% and 35.65%-50.79%, 28.19%-37.67% and 32.76%-40.27%, respectively; and their fecundity decreased by 45.01%-50.17% and 50.25%-52.24%, 21.54%-28.24% and 44.57% and 54.97%, respectively. In addition to that, the decline of Aphis gossypii was greater than that of Acyrthosiphon gossypii. The analysis of life table parameters showed that the net reproductive rate, mean generation and time of double population of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii were decreased or shortened, and the intrinsic increase rate and finite increase rate increased with the increase of sublethal dose of sulfoxaflor, thiacloprid and clothianidin. 【Conclusion】 Sublethal doses of sulfoxaflor, thiacloprid and clothianidin can significantly inhibit the longevity and fecundity of the F0and F1 generations of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii in Alar cotton zone, and the three insecticides had stronger inhibitory effect on Aphis gossypii than on Acyrthosiphon gossypii.

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Effects on Predation Response of Coccinella undecimpunctata Fed on Aphis gossypii Treated with Sublethal Doses of Flonicamid Yindi WEI, Xue MA, Xu HAN, Zhenghui MA, Xiaoli ZHANG, Yongsheng YAO, Renci XIONG 2021, 58(10): 1860-1867.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (949KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide a scientific basis for the rational use of pesticides and the cooperative biological control of Aphis gossypii by studying the effects on predation response of Coccinella undecimpunctata feeding on A. gossypii treated with sublethal doses of flonicamid. 【Methods】 According to the results of toxicity determination of LC25 and LC50 of flonicamid on A. gossypii, the influence of predation response of C. undecimpunctata feeding on A. gossypii treated with sublethal doses by the leaf soaking method were determined. 【Results】 The results showed that A. gossypii treated with flonicamid of different concentrations had certain influence on the predation function response and search effect of C. undecimpunctata, and with the increase of the concentration of the insecticides, the effect on the predation ability was greater. Especially after feeding A. gossypii treated with flonicamid LC50, the daily maximum consumption and searching ability of C. undecimpunctata were significantly lower than that of CK, C. undecimpunctata‘s 1, 2, 3, 4 instars and adult instantaneous attack rate fell by 0.38%, 7.18%, 2.19%, 16.83% and 1.41%, the handling times required for a head of A. gossypii were extended the 0.002,4 d, 0.001,6 d, 0.000,6 d, 0.000,5 d and 0.000,1 d. The daily maximum consumption decreased by 0.72, 2.52, 7.76, 7.01 and 1.17 heads/dish, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The instantaneous attack rates of C. undecimpunctata of 1-4 instar larva and adult fed on A. gossypii treated with sublethal doses of flonicamid were reduced, the handling time was prolonged to certain degree, and the daily maximum predation amount decreased. Among them, A. gossypii treated with flonicamid LC50 had the most obvious effect on the individual state of C. undecimpunctata.

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Preliminary Study on Insecticidal Activity of 28 Plant Extracts from Xinjiang to Cotton Aphids Tao FANG, Jungao ZHANG, Guoquan FAN, Yong CHEN, Jing LIANG, Jin LI, Xiaoyun ZHOU, Li WANG, Ruiming ZHENG, Rong YAN, Bin LEI 2021, 58(10): 1868-1875.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (787KB) ( )   【Objective】 Plant resources with high aphid killing activity were selected from some plants collected in Xinjiang, so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of botanical pesticide,green control of cotton aphid and pesticide reduction. 【Methods】 The active substances from 28 plants were extracted by ultrasonic extraction method, and the insecticidal activity of plant extracts against Aphis gossypii was determined by the method of soaking insects and leaves. 【Results】 The extracts of Datura stramonium, Hemlock and Euphorbia pekinensis had high aphid killing activity. Among them, the extracts of Datura stramonium had the highest aphid killing activity, followed by the extracts of Panax pekinensis. The 24 h corrected mortality and LC50 of Datura stramonium and Hemlock were 75.18%, 69.76%, 15.58 and 20.54 mg/mL, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The methanol extracts of Datura stramonium and Hemlock have strong insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii. The insecticidal activity of Datura stramonium extract is higher than that of Hemlock extract. These two plant extracts can be used as active components of botanical pesticides for further research and development.

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Investigation of Weed Varieties and Screening of Control Agents in Cotton Fields Yaling GENG, Yaofa LI, Zhiying HUN, Hua WANG, Tingting TIAN, Linghui WANG, Hongjun JIA, Libing YUAN 2021, 58(10): 1876-1881.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (596KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the occurrence of weed varieties and select the appropriate combination of herbicide for the cotton area of southern Hebei Province. 【Methods】 The species and quantity of weeds in cotton fields were investigated by sampling them in a “W” pattern in Quzhou, Qiuxian, Cheng’an of Handan City and in Guangzong of Xingtai City. Then, the field plot experiment was conducted to determine the control effect and safety of the combination of 6 soil treatment agents on weeds in the local cotton field under the conditions of the recommended doses. 【Results】 The proportions of broad-leaved weeds, grass weeds and sedge weeds were 69.57%, 26.09% and 4.35%, respectively in the cotton area of southern Hebei Province. And annual weeds accounted for 78.26%, and perennial weeds accounted for 21.74%. Among them, there were 5 kinds of dominant weeds, including Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Acalypha australis L., Eclipta prostrata L., and 11 kinds of common weeds. According to the weed species, the suitable combination of soil treatment agent was selected. The results showed that the plant control effect of pendimethalin, prometryne and oxyfluorfen combination with the dose of (990+1,125+216) g a.i./hm2 on all the tested weeds was more than 90.82%, which was higher than other combinations, but the difference was not significant. The control effect on fresh weight of broadleaf weeds such as Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Acalypha australis L. were 95.64%, 95.56% and 98.02%while the control effect on fresh weight of Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. was 85.99%. In summary, the control effect of this combination on the average fresh weight of the four tested weeds was 93.80%. 【Conclusion】 There were 23 species of weeds of 12 families in cotton fields in the south of Hebei Province, and there were mainly mixed with broadleaf weeds and grass weeds. Then according to the local weed kinds, a combination of pendimethalin, prometryne and oxyfluorfen with the dose of (990+1,125+216) g a.i./hm2 was selected and it had the best effect on the control of local weeds.

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Effects of P Fertilizer Amount on Soil P2O5 Content, P Uptake in Cotton Plant and Cotton Yields after 6 Years of Located Fertilization Shulin WANG, Yan WANG, Ming DONG, Hong QI, Guoyi FENG, Xiaopeng LEI, Qinglong LIANG, Qian ZHANG 2021, 58(10): 1882-1886.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (542KB) ( )   【Objective】 In the experiment different P fertilizer amounts were designed to study the effects on soil P2O5 content, P uptake in plant organs and cotton yields after 6 years of located fertilization. 【Methods】 8 phosphate fertilizer dosage gradient treatments were adopted by random block design to determine the soil available phosphorus content, cotton leaf, cotton stem and seed phosphorus accumulation and cotton yield after 6 years of located fertilization. 【Results】 After 6 years of located fertilization the P2O5 contents in soil layers of 0-20 cm increased from 3.1 mg/kg to 65.4 mg/kg from low gradients to high ones, and the soil P2O5 content kept stable when the P2O5 fertilizer amount was 90.0 kg/hm2. With the increase of P2O5 amount P content in leaf increased firstly then kept stable when the P2O5 fertilizer amount exceeded 90.0 kg/hm2. The P content in straw for CK was significantly lower than the treatments of applying P2O5 fertilizer, but the differences between treatments of applying P2O5 fertilizer were not significant. The P content in seed cotton increased firstly then leveled with the increase of P2O5 fertilizer. The uptake of P2O5 in leaf, straw and seed cotton increased firstly then kept stable with the increase of P2O5 fertilizer, and the uptake of P2O5 in seed cotton varied from 51.8-61.7 kg/hm2 in different treatments. Compared with CK the seed cotton yield increased by 4.9%-8.2% in treatments of applying P2O5 fertilizer, reaching significant level. and the difference was significant, but there were no differences among treatments of applying different amounts of P2O5 fertilizer. 【Conclusion】 In cotton areas of central and southern Hebei Province, the optimum P2O5 fertilizer was 60.0-90.0 kg/hm2 which could keep the balance of soil P2O5 and acquire stable cotton yield.

Plant Protection·Soil Fertilizer·Water Saving Irrigation·Agroecological Environment·Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization

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Occurrence Dynamics Offruit Borer and Control Effect Bysex Pheromone Mating Disruption of Fragrant Pear in Korla Bo SONG, Keyimu Aimidula, Xiaofeng ZHU, Bingqiang XU, Xinran PENG, Kader Abudukeyoumu, Sen YANG 2021, 58(10): 1887-1892.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (691KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the occurrence dynamics of Grapholithamolesta and Cydiapomonella in fragrant pear orchard in Korla area, and to evaluate the control effect on fruit borerby mating disruption control technology. The aim to provide basis for the green prevention and control and reducing application of pesticide of Kolra fragrant pear. 【Methods】 The occurrence dynamics of fruit borer was monitored by synthetic sex pheromones. To control the fruit borer in fragrant pear orchard used by mating disruption control technology. We carried out the evaluation on control effect on bymeansof indication as to reduce rates、insect population growth rate andisotropic rate. 【Results】 The results showed that 4 generations of Grapholithamolesta happened in fragrant pear orchard, and its imaginal emergence peak were early-to-middle April、early June、middle July、middle-to-late August respectively. The results showed that 3 generations of Cydiapomonella happened in fragrant pear orchard, and its imaginal emergence peak were late April、early-to-middle July、middle-to-late August respectively.The above all have overlap exists. The experimental result indicated that sex pheromone mating disruption could control the oriental fruit moth effectively. The mating disruption rate and control effect of fruit borer could reach to 99%. 【Conclusion】 The occurrence dynamics of fruit borer were largely consistent in different areas of Korla. The results showed that 4 generations of Grapholithamolesta happened and 3 generations of Cydiapomonella in fragrant pear orchard respectively, the sex pheromone mating disruption could control the oriental fruit moth effectively.

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Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Survival of the Overwintering Adults of Eeirotrioza ceardi Bingkun ZHANG, Yu LI, Li ZHOU, Pingli WANG 2021, 58(10): 1893-1899.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1047KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effects of temperature and humidity on the survival of the overwintering adults of the psyllids (Egeirotrioza ceardi Bergevin) in Populus euphratica in Northern Xinjiang with the view to laying a foundation for the study of the integrated control technology of these psyllids and the protection of Populus euphratica resources. 【Methods】 The temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) in the overwintering environment of adult Psylla chuae on Populus euphratica were monitored by automatic temperature and humidity recorder. The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the survival of adult psyllids were studied in the simulated small environment of Populus euphratica forest region by using two factor random block designs. 【Results】 The results showed that the temperature and relative humidity of the hibernation place of the psyllid varied from 5℃ to 15℃ and from 25% to 75%, respectively. The relationship between temperature and humidity and survival rate of the psyllids showed that the survival ability of the psyllids decreased with the increase of temperature. In the range of 5-25℃, and there was significant difference among the temperatures. The survival time of the adults was the longest, up to 150 days (RH=25%) and 200 days (RH=75%). However, at 25℃, it was 7 days (RH=25%) and 12 days (RH=75%), respectively; The survival time of the adults at 75% RH was significantly higher than that at 25% RH. In the range of 5-25℃,the survival of the adults decreased significantly with increasing temperature. At 5℃,the survival time was the longest,up to 150 d (RH=25%) and 200 d (RH=75%). At 25℃, the survival time was the lowest,down to 7.0 d (RH=25%) and 12 d (RH=75%),respectively. The survival time of the psylla with RH=75% was significantly higher than with RH=25% condition,it showed that water had an obviously effect on the survival of the psylla. Two factor analysis of variance showed that temperature and humidity had significant interaction effects on the survival of the psylla. 【Conclusion】 The ecological characteristics of the overwintering adults of Egeirotrioza ceardi were preliminarily understood. In Northern Xinjiang, Egeirotrioza ceardi emerged successively from late September to late October. In mid November, its entered the overwintering place as adults, mainly overwintering under the deciduous layer of Populus euphratica forest region, and hibernated in mid April of the next year. Higher temperature and water shortage environment were not conducive to the survival of the overwintering adults psyllids in winter.This study is of theoretical significance to understand the ecological adaptability and control of psyllids in Populus euphratica forest region in Northern Xinjiang.

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Soil Nutrient Analysis and Application of Soil Moisture Monitoring System in Cotton Field of Shehizi Farm Zhiqiang DONG, Xiaokang FENG, Baoxia CI, Shuai WEN, Zhao WANG, Yang LIU, Fuyu MA 2021, 58(10): 1900-1908.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3420KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the degree of spatial variation and distribution of soil nutrients in Shihezi field of the eighth division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps with a view of providing the basis for scientific and rational fertilization. 【Methods】 Soil moisture monitoring system, GIS and geostatistics were used to study the variation of soil moisture content and temperature, spatial distribution and variation of soil nutrients in cotton fields. 【Results】 (1) According to the monitoring data analysis, with the increase of irrigation amount and cotton growth period, the change trend of soil water content in the upper layer of 0-30 cm was obvious than that in the lower layer of 40-60 cm soil, the compensation water in 20 cm soil layer was relatively sufficient, and the soil water content at each monitoring point was basically maintained in a more suitable range. The temperature of each layer of soil was affected by the atmospheric temperature and weakened with the depth of soil layer, and the lag time was prolonged with the depth of soil layer. (2) Soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium all showed moderate variation; (3) Soil available potassium between 25%-75% (0.497) showed moderate spatial autocorrelation, soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus index of less than 25% showed strong spatial autocorrelation. 【Conclusion】 Using the real-time monitoring system of soil moisture to guide the irrigation of cotton field, the irrigation of cotton decreased by 1-3 times during the whole growing period and saved about 20% of water resources. The variation of soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the study area showed moderate variation characteristics, total nitrogen and available phosphorus showed strong spatial autocorrelation, and available potassium showed moderate spatial autocorrelation.

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Geometric Parameters Extraction of Tomato Canopy in Greenhouse Based on LiDAR Zhenghe YANG, Chen YU, Huimin YANG, Yifei CHEN, Xin ZHOU, Yan MA, Xuenong WANG 2021, 58(10): 1909-1917.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1479KB) ( )   【Objective】 To achieve the accurate acquisition of the canopy data of single plant in the greenhouse tomato crop row, to analyze the crop growth status and to provide canopy data support for target spraying. 【Methods】 A 3 d LiDAR was used to build A detection platform for tomato plant canopy. A 3D LiDAR was used to move the 3D LiDAR at A speed of 0.05 m/s. A total of 40 tomato plant point clouds were saved by Ctrlview, the upper computer software of the radar. To bilateral point cloud using ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm for registration, the plane fitting method based on characteristic value is to remove the ground, using the mean shift algorithm (Meanshift) line segmentation of tomato yield point in the cloud, obtain canopy parameters, and comparing with manual measurement verification accuracy, finally will yield point cloud using alpha in MATLAB algorithm based on the shape reconstruction and volume, and compared using convex hull algorithm crops reference. 【Results】 The test results show that the measurement errors of the platform in the forward direction and the vertical direction of the lidar are -2.65% and -3.95% respectively. The average absolute error M 12 was 0.025 m and 0.031 m, respectively, compared with the measured height. The average error of the volume obtained by reconstruction using Alpha Shape algorithm is about 15.3% lower than that of the convex hull algorithm, which is not much different from that obtained manually, and the indexes are good. 【Conclusion】 The mean shift algorithm is adopted to tomato line point cloud segmentation result compared with the artificial measure A, B two groups of root mean square error of the RMSE are 0.039 and 0.043 respectively, using the alpha shape algorithm canopy volume access and reference comparison VRMSE 0.011,3, shows that the laser radar in crop silhouette information has A certain accuracy and reliability of this method can be used to plant crop canopy of greenhouse environment data acquisition.

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Maize Seedling and Core Detection Method Based on Mask R-CNN Weirong ZHANG, Haojun WEN, Chaofan QIAO, Guangyan WANG 2021, 58(10): 1918-1928.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2400KB) ( )   【Objective】 In view of the problem of low recognition accuracy of corn seedlings and plant cores in the actual field environment, a corn seedling canopy segmentation algorithm based on improved Mask R-CNN is proposed in the hope of satisfying the identification requirements for target fertilization in precision operations, thus improving the use efficiency of chemical fertilizers, and reducing environmental pollution. 【Methods】 Firstly, the field corn seedling pictures were collected and the data were enhanced to generate the field data set. Secondly, the segmentation algorithm was trained by using ResNeXt50/101-FPN as feature extraction network, and compared with the training accuracy results of the original ResNet50/101-FPN. Finally, the canopy recognition algorithm was compared and verified by pictures with different light intensities and different degrees of occlusion. 【Results】 Under different light intensities, the average recognition accuracy of the target without accompanying weeds was higher than 95.5%, and the segmentation accuracy was 98.1%; when there was an overlap between the associated weeds and corn seedlings, the average recognition accuracy of the target was higher than 94.7%, and the segmentation accuracy reached 97.9%. After image testing, the average time to detect one frame of image was 0.11 s. 【Conclusion】 The results show that the maize seedling and plant core detection algorithm of Mask R-CNN in this paper has higher accuracy and segmentation accuracy, which is more suitable for target detection in different light intensities and crossover overlap of seedlings and grass with associated weeds.

Prataculture·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering·Agricultural Eeconomy

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Study on the Relationship between pH and Organic Acid in the Root of Agropyron cristatum Tawukumu under Alkaline Stress Mei KE, Yurong HOU, Yigong ZHANG 2021, 58(10): 1929-1937.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1087KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the mechanism of alkali resistance of Agropyron cristatum 'Tawukumu'and the relationship between organic acids secreted by roots and pH value in regulating alkali resistance of the plants. 【Methods】 Two kinds of alkaline salts Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 were mixed at a molar ratio of 9∶1. Alkali stress was simulated by artificial simulation under natural alkaline habitat conditions of 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mmol/L. The pH value and organic acid species and content of the seedlings were determined to study their physiological response to stress. 【Results】 Under alkaline stress, the radicle and embryo of Agropyron tawukumensis grew slowly, and the radicle growth rate was only 0.40 times that of the control, which was more significantly inhibited. With the increase of the concentration of treatment solution, the roots of seedlings secreted organic acids mainly malic acid and citric acid, which interacted with each other to resist the damage of high pH to plants kept the pH in the roots between 6.65 and 6.68. Although the organic acids secreted by the roots of Agropyricacrassifera increased significantly in the process of alkali stress, they could not prevent the damage of high pH to the plant seedlings. 【Conclusion】 When the concentration of treatment solution is 60 mmol/L, that is, the pH value is 9.8, the organic acid secretion was the most appropriate concentration to regulate the pH value of Agropyricacrassifera root.

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Study on the Quality of Oat Silage in Different Harvest Periods Lei SONG, Yanchao WANG, Fanfan ZHANG, Xuzhe WANG, Jian ZHANG, Chunhui MA 2021, 58(10): 1938-1946.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (865KB) ( )   【Objective】 To select the best silage oat varieties suitable for planting and the best harvest time in Shihezi area by studying the nutritional quality and silage fermentation quality of five oat varieties (Souris, Qingyin 1, Longyan 2, Longyan 3 and charm) at two cutting stages (heading stage and milk stage) in experimental forage site of Shihezi University in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Five oat varieties were mowed at heading stage and milk stage. After analyzing the indexes of fresh grass, the bags were opened after 60 days of silage at room temperature.【Results】 The contents of YF, DM and WSC in milk stage were significantly higher than those at heading stage (P< 0.05), and CP content was significantly lower than that at the heading stage (P< 0.05). There were significant differences in NDF and ADF contents in all cultivars except for NDF content of Qingyin No.1 (P< 0.05). The pH value of Qingyin 1, Longyan 2 and Longyan 3 were significantly different in two harvest periods (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, there were significant differences in the content of LA in Souris, Longyan 3 and Charm period (P< 0.05), and there were significant differences in NH3- N content (P< 0.05). The DM content at milk stage was significantly higher than that at the heading stage (P< 0.05), and the contents of NDF, ADF and CP at the heading stage were significantly higher than those at milk stage (P< 0.05). After 60 days of silage fermentation, the contents of DM, NDF, ADF and WSC decreased significantly (P< 0.05), CP content increased significantly (P< 0.05), pH value decreased significantly (P< 0.05), and LA, AA, PA contents increased significantly (P< 0.05). 【Conclusion】 In this study, the quality of all kinds of oat silage at milk stage was better than that at the heading stage. Among the five varieties, the fresh grass yield, nutritional quality and silage quality of Souris were the best whether harvested at the heading stage or milk stage, so it is strongly suggested that planting this variety at milk stage was the main mode of local oat silage production.

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Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnoides on the Diversity of Fecal Flora in Late Pregnant Mice Xinxin HUANG, Jiahao LI, Xiaobin LI, Hongkun LI, Yiqi JIA, Lixin MA, Chao LI, Linjiao HE 2021, 58(10): 1947-1953.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (769KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this project is to study the effects oflactobacillus rhamnoides on the diversity and species abundance in feces of mice during pregnancy. 【Methods】 The test selected 30 Kunming pregnant mice with similar weight (23.33±1.55) g, and with the same mating date and they were randomly divided into 2 groups, 15 in each group, respectively, the control group and the test group. Under the same feeding conditions and dietary nutrition level, the control group was fed with the basic diet without any treatment. The mice in the test group were fed with 0.5 mL sterilized saline containing 0.125 g Lactobacillus rhamnoides on the basis of feeding the basic diet, and the test period lasted 21 days. 【Results】 The results showed that :(1) Lactobacillus rhamnoides had no significant effect on the diversity of fecal flora in mice (P>0.05), but decreased the Simpson index in the experimental group. (2) At the phylum level, the amount of abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria was above 90%, and the Firmicutes was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), but the Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were 21.95%(P<0.05) and 26.15% (P<0.05) lower than those of the control group. At the family level, the test groups of the Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). On the genus level, the Lactobacillus, the genus of unide.pngied_Lachnospiraceae and the Lachnoclostridium test group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 From this, we can see that under the conditions of this experiment, the feeding of Lactobacillus rhamnoides in pregnant mice has no significant effect on the diversity of fecal flora, but it can improve the species abundance of intestinal bacteria in mice, and produces significant effect on the abundance of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Lactobacillus, unide.pngied_Lachnospiraceae and Lachnoclostridium.

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Research on Spatial Transmission of Cotton Price in Xinjiang Based on VEC Model Lizhao ZHANG, Jianguo DING, Guowei JIANG 2021, 58(10): 1954-1960.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (750KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the spatial transmission mechanism and law among Xinjiang cotton price, national cotton price and international cotton price in the hope of providing an important reference basis for perfecting Xinjiang cotton price formation mechanism and cotton market risk management. 【Methods】 The Vector Error Correction (VEC) Model was used, the 2007-2019 Xinjiang cotton spot price, China’s 328 standard cotton price and the international cotton price Cotlook A Index monthly data were chosen to investigate the spatial transmission relationship of Xinjiang cotton prices. 【Results】 From a long-term perspective, there was an equilibrium relationship between international cotton prices and Xinjiang cotton prices as well as the national cotton price series. 1% change in international cotton prices causes a 1.103% change in Xinjiang cotton prices and a 1.065% change in domestic cotton prices. In the short term, international cotton price fluctuations had a significant transmission effect on Xinjiang cotton prices and national cotton prices. 1% change in the 1st order difference term of international cotton price in the previous period caused a 0.241% change in the 1st order difference term of Xinjiang cotton price and 0.3% change in the 1st order difference term of national cotton price. Granger causality test results showed that both Xinjiang cotton prices and national cotton prices were unidirectionally affected by international cotton prices, and there was no significant influence between Xinjiang cotton prices and national cotton prices. 【Conclusion】 The Xinjiang cotton spot market is closely related to the international cotton spot market. The changes in international cotton spot prices play a leading role in the changes in Xinjiang cotton spot prices. The Xinjiang cotton market passively accepts the output of price fluctuations in the relevant market, and the Xinjiang cotton market is the transfer price of the relevant market, leading to the high risk of cotton price volatility risk in Xinjiang.