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20 January 2022, Volume 59 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Germplasm Resources
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Germplasm Resources

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Effects of Water and Nitrogen Adjustment on the Distribution of Soil, Leaf Moisture and Bolls of Cotton Harvested with Equal Row Spacing HE Hongwei, ZHANG Jusong, CHEN Zhen, Kadiliya Abudukelimu, PENG Zengying, LIU Qun, CUI Jianping, LIN Tao, GUO Rensong 2022, 59(1): 1-10.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1302KB) ( )   【Objective】 To seek the optimal water and nitrogen input suitable for the growth of cotton harvested by equal row spacing machine. 【Methods】 Under the condition of total drip irrigation volume of 3,800m3/hm2 and total nitrogen application rate of 320 kg/hm2, Xinluzhong 88 was taken as the test material, and 3 irrigation methods W1, W2, W3, and 3 fertilization methods N1, N2, N3 were set to study soil moisture content, leaf moisture content, spatiotemporal distribution of cotton bolls, agronomic traits, and yield traits, etc. 【Results】 Under W2 and N2 irrigation and fertilization methods, the soil moisture content was relatively stable, thus providing the plants with the better required nutrients. In addition, cotton leaves maintain their function for a longer time; under W2, N2 irrigation and fertilization methods, cotton plants produced more bolls and were distributed in a tube shape, which was more suitable for mechanical harvesting; under W2, N2 irrigation and fertilization methods, the both of the boll weight and the number per plant reached the highest at 7,070.84 kg/hm2. 【Conclusion】 W2 and N2 irrigation and fertilization methods are the optimal water and nitrogen input.

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Effects of Delayed Chemical Control on the Shaping of Plant Type and Yield Composition after Drought and Rehydration in Cotton HE Qingyu, ZHANG Jusong, DAI Jianmin, DOU Qiaoqiao, XIE Ling 2022, 59(1): 11-19.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1452KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the feasibility of increasing and stabilizing yield by chemical regulation under the background of drought and rehydration in the hope of providing some theoretical guidance for cotton planting production. 【Methods】 By simulating the field drought background, the main area was set with two ways of artificial topping and chemical topping, and the secondary area was set with a control treatment of low amount spraying on 3, 6 and 9 d and no amount of DPC after date with the drought and rehydration to study the changes of plant structure and yield under delayed chemical control condition. 【Results】 The plant height, internode length of main stem, length of fruit branch, leaf area of four inverted leaves, and width area were negatively correlated with the delayed days of DPC in spraying. Compared with the delayed 9 d and control treatment, plant type of delayed 6 d treatment was more compact, which was superior to the delayed 3 d treatment in terms of cotton stem diameter, fruit branch angle and other indexes, and could effectively prevent presenility of cotton. Compared with artificial topping, chemical topping improved the number of stems and leaves, the area of inverted four-leaf and the number of volts, but the difference in plant height and other agronomic indexes was not significant. 【Conclusion】 After the cotton bud was subjected to drought stress, spraying a low amount of DPC with a delay of 6 days and using chemical topping could stimulate the compensation effect of cotton under drought stress and maximize the potential of increasing and stabilizing yield of cotton, thus ensuring the highest possible yield.

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Response of Root Growth and Water Use Efficiency to Drought in Different Drought Tolerant Cotton Varieties LI Junhong, LI Wenjing, WANG Yuanyuan, SHI Xiaojuan, HAO Xianzhe, LIU Ping 2022, 59(1): 20-29.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1549KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the response mechanism of root growth and water use efficiency of cotton varieties with different drought resistance to drought, and provide a theoretical basis for cotton stress-resistant cultivation and drought-tolerant varieties selection. 【Method】 Under soil column cultivation conditions, the not drought-tolerant variety Xinluzao 17 and the drought-tolerant variety Xinluzao 22 were taken as the test materials, with conventional irrigation (CK), mild drought (W1) and moderate drought (W2) treatments set to study the effects of drought stress on root length density, root length density distribution ratio, root volume density, root weight density, water consumption and water use efficiency of different drought-tolerant cotton varieties. 【Result】 Under drought treatment, the root weight density, root volume density and root length density of the two varieties in the 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly lower than those of CK; The distribution ratio of Xinluzao 22 root length density in 40-80 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in Xinluzao 17 soil layer, while the distribution ratio of Xinluzao 17 decreased. Compared with CK, the water use efficiency of W1 and W2treatments increased by 15.18% and 21.91%, respectively. Among cultivars, the distribution ratio of root length density of Xinluzao 22 in the 40-80 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of Xinluzao 17, and the distribution ratio of the 80-120 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that of Xinluzao 17. The water consumption of Xinluzao 22 was 6.30% lower than that of Xinluzao 17, but the water use efficiency was 40.95% higher than that of Xinluzao 17, which was a significant difference. Correlation analysis showed that the root bulk density of Xinluzao 22 in the 80-120 cm soil layer was significantly positively correlated with biological water use efficiency.【Conclusion】 Drought-tolerant cotton varieties extend their water absorption space under drought by increasing the distribution ratio of roots in deep soil layers to ensure the growth of the above ground and achieve efficient absorption and utilization of limited water.

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Comprehensive Traits Identification and Resource Utilization Analysis of Cotton Germplasm CAO Yang, YAN Yuping, ZHU Bo, FENG Zhenxiu, ZHOU Xiaofeng, LÜ Bo, ZHANG Yan, FANG Rui 2022, 59(1): 30-38.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (960KB) ( )   【Objective】 The comprehensive traits of bred varieties depend on the quality of germplasm. Through the method of field identification and analysis, we can grasp the distribution and variation characteristics of germplasm resources, and screen out the core resources that are of great value for scientific research, and can be used to breed breakthrough varieties that meet the needs of cotton industry in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Based on 396 upland cotton varieties, the variation and distribution of 6 phenotypic growth characters, 6 economic characters, 5 fiber quality characters and variation and distribution of Verticillium wilt in field were studied from 2018 to 2019. 【Results】 There was rich genetic diversity in the tested cotton germplasm resources. The proportion of growth period between 116 and 125 was 51.8%; the proportion of plant height over 60.0 cm was 17.9%; the proportion of the first fruit node height over 20.0 cm was 39.9%, which could meet the demand of cotton harvesting by machine in Xinjiang; the proportion of boll weight between 5.0 g and 5.4 g was 39.4%; the proportion of lint percentage over 40% was 68.7%; the proportion of seed cotton yield between 4,501 and 5,250 kg/hm2 was 28.0%; the proportion of lint yield over 2,400 kg/hm2 was 20.0%. The average corrected disease index at the peak of the disease was 22.9, while the number of disease index below 10.0 was 73 and the number of disease index between 10.0 and 20.0 was 125; the proportion of fiber length over 30.0 mm was 36.7%, micronaire values between 3.7 and 4.2 g (grade A) was 33.6%, and fiber strength over 30.0 cN/tex was 69.2%, of which 104 exceeded 32.0 cN/tex accounting for 26.3% of the total. The degree of variation of growth characters was empty fruit branch number > first fruit node height > plant height > fruit branch number > first fruit node position > growth period; the degree of variation of economic characters was lint yield > seed cotton yield > boll number per plant > boll weight > seed index > lint percentage; the degree of variation of fiber quality was fiber strength > micronaire value > fiber length, and the variation range of uniformity and elongation was very small which were 1.21% and 1.87%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of disease of Verticillium wilt in all kinds of the tested germplasm was high, which could be used to breed disease resistant germplasm. 【Conclusion】 One line with red leaf, 3 lines with chicken foot leaf, 2 lines with phenol-free and several lines with high fiber strength are identified in this research and sixteen excellent germplasm resources with high quality and yield from different regional sources, such as Xinluzao 82, Xinluzao 61 and LuK 638, are selected, which might be used in breeding, and expanding the genetic diversity of new cotton varieties in Xinjiang.

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Effects of Wide Planting on Growth, Development and Yield of Winter Wheat in Jujube - Wheat Intercropping Mode ZHANG Yongqiang, GAO Yonghong, CHEN Chuanxin, FANG Hui, FAN Guiqiang, Sailihan Sai, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie 2022, 59(1): 39-44.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (724KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of wide planting on growth, development and yield of winter wheat in jujube - wheat intercropping mode in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in jujube-wheat intercropping mode by setting two different seeding methods: integrated and uniform seeding, and the variation of chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation, yield and yield of winter wheat leaves were studied under different sowing methods. 【Results】 The results showed that, compared with conventional strip sowing, wide sowing was beneficial to increase chlorophyll content (SPAD value), increase leaf area index (LAI), promote dry matter accumulation, and effectively improve grain yield. The effective spike number of winter wheat sown widely in 2018 and 2019 decreased by 5.31% and 4.78%, respectively; Grain number per spike increased by 2.73% and 3.47% respectively. The 1,000-grain weight increased by 4.00% and 5.13% respectively. Grain yield increased by 2.36% and 6.10% respectively. In 2018, the biomass of wide sowing decreased by 5.23%, but in 2019, the biomass of wide sowing increased by 2.90% compared with that of conventional strip sowing. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive ratio analysis shows that wide sowing in jujube-wheat intercropping mode increases chlorophyll content, LAI, dry matter accumulation and grain yield of winter wheat, which can provide reference for winter wheat production in local jujube-wheat intercropping mode.

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Effects of Genotype and Environment on Protein Qualities of Winter Wheat in Xinjiang LIU Pengpeng, SANG Wei, XU Hongjun, CUI Fengjuan, HAN Xinnian, NIE Yingbin, KONG Dezhen, ZOU Bo, MU Peiyuan 2022, 59(1): 45-54.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (904KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of genotype and environment on Xinjiang winter wheat protein quality characters. 【Method】 8 protein quality traits including grain protein content, wet gluten content, gluten index, sedimentation value and kneading properties parameters of dough etc. had been tested,which were from 762 winter wheat varieties at 3 representative sites in Xinjiang. 【Result】 Results showed that the grain protein content, wet gluten content, gluten index, sedimentation value, peak time, peak height, 8min width and 8min area of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties were 14.44%, 32.37%, 61.86%, 26.25 mL, 2.67 min, 53.09%, 15.30% and 107.16%TQ*min, respectively,and most varieties were medium gluten wheat. There were differences in protein quality of wheat in different environments. The wheat protein quantitative traits were Aksu> Shihezi> Yining, the wheat protein quality traits were Yining > Shihezi>Akesu, and there were significant differences in protein quality between the three environments. Genotype, environment and G×E interaction had effects on protein quality traits, but the effects were different, the environmental effects varied from 47.62% to 68.94%, the G×E interaction effect 23.34% to 41.38%, and the genotype effects 7.71% to 11.00%. The stability of different wheat protein quality traits were different, the stability of grain protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, peak time, 8min width and 8min area were Shihezi > Akesu > Yining, the stability of peak height was Yining > Shihezi>Akesu, the stability of gluten index was Akesu > Yining > Shihezi. 【Conclusion】 Genotype, environment and G×E interaction had significant effects on protein quality traits of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties,showing environment >G×E > genotype. The quality of Xinjiang wheat was mainly of medium gluten type, except grain protein content and wet gluten content, protein quality traits of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties did not meet the national standard of high quality and strong gluten wheat, and the wheat varieties that meet the standard of strong gluten were less. The protein quality characteristics and stability of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties were different in different locations, the protein quantity traits of Aksu were generally better than those of Shihezi and Yining, and the protein quality traits of Yining were generally better than those of Shihezi and Aksu. The grain protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, peak time, 8min width and 8min area were stable in Shihezi, peak height in Yining, and gluten index in Aksu. The selected materials, such as Xiaoyan 54, Xiaoyan 22, Bainong 68, Zhongyou 206 and Zhongmai 175 can be used to improve the protein quality of Xinjiang winter wheat.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Fluorescence and Yield of Different Wheat Varieties FANG Hui, FAN Guiqiang, GAO Yonghong, DING Yindeng, ZHANG Yongqiang, ZHOU Anding, JIA Zhongli, HUANG Tianrong 2022, 59(1): 55-62.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1054KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the influences of decreasing nitrogen about photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of different wheat varieties in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the selection of wheat variety resources with high nitrogen efficiency. 【Method】 Under field conditions, Xindong 20, Xindong 40, Xindong 57, Xindong 60, Xinliang 801,Xinliang 802 and Xinliang 803 were used as experimental materials to study the effects of no nitrogen (N0) and normal nitrogen (N1) on the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield characteristics of flag leaves in different wheat varieties. 【Result】 After reducing the nitrogen, the SPAD values of seven wheat varieties were as follows: Xindong 60 > Xinliang 803 > Xinliang 802 > Xindong 20 > Xindong 40 > Xinliang 801 > Xindong 57. The highest photosynthetic rate of Xinliang 801 was 17.07 μmol/(m2·s), the transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance of Xinliang 803 were the highest, which were 8.19 mmol/(m2·s),310.15 μL/L and 0.53 mol/(m2·s); The highest initial fluorescence intensity (Fo) was found in Xindong 20, and Xinliang 803 has the highest photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency(ΦPSⅡ). The yields of Xinliang 801 and Xinliang 802 were higher than those of other varieties. 【Conclusion】 The SPAD values, photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters during the filling stage and the yield of 7 wheat varieties are significantly reduced by reducing nitrogen. Xinliang 801, Xinliang 802 and Xinliang 803 have strong photosynthetic capacity in nitrogen reduction treatment, among which, Xinliang 803 has strong utilization efficiency of chlorophyll fluorescence.

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Effects of CCC Irrigation Amount on Stem Characteristics and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation KANG Liang, ZHANG Na, ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Chuanxin, LEI Junjie, XU Wenxiu 2022, 59(1): 63-69.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (667KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of dripping amount of chlormequat on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation, and to determine the best dripping amount of chlormequat for lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation, so as to provide theoretical basis for lodging resistance and control measures of winter wheat under drip irrigation in Xinjiang. 【Method】 From 2018 to 2019, under the condition of field drip irrigation, five different drip rates of chlormequat were set, which were 0 mL/hm2(D0), 1,500 mL/ hm2(D1), 3,000 mL/hm2(D2), 4,500 mL/hm2(D3), 6,000 mL/ hm2(D4) and one routine spraying. The effects of different treatments on plant height, stem diameter, gravity center height, mechanical strength of stem, basal internode fullness, lodging resistance index of stem, lodging rate and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height, basal internode length and barycenter height ratio of drip irrigation winter wheat decreased to different degrees, and the lodging resistance index of stem increased. The lodging rate in the field decreased gradually with the increase of chlormequat drip, and compared with CK, the lodging rate in D2, D3 and D4 treatments decreased significantly. The grain yield of D3 treatment was the highest, which was 8,098.9 kg/hm2, which was 12.21%, 6.53%, 3.75%, 5.74% and 6.51% higher than that of D0, D1, D2, D4 and CK, respectively. 【Conclusion】 When the application amount of chlormequat drops is 4,500 mL/hm2, the straw height of winter wheat under drip irrigation is suitable, the gravity center height ratio is relatively low, the lodging resistance index is relatively high, and the grain yield is the highest, which can provide reference for production.

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Study on the Theoretical Model of Watering Ratio and Drought Resistance under Proportional Irrigation of Maize XIE Xiaoqing, TANG Huaijun, ZHANG Lei, SUN Baocheng, LIU Cheng 2022, 59(1): 70-78.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1901KB) ( )   【Objective】 To research and establish a theoretical model of the relationship between watering ratio and drought resistance in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for accurate identification of drought resistance under the condition of proportional irrigation of corn. 【Methods】 From 2017 to 2019, 12 hybrids were treated with 6 water gradients under the condition of reducing the proportion of irrigation. Each treatment area was irrigated 8 times in the whole process. The watering for emergence was 675 m3/hm2, and the water for the remaining 7 times was reduced according to the proportion of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 0% to form different drought stress intensity. Based on the equivalent transformation and derivation of the lack irrigation model, the proportional of irrigation model was established. The model was validated with the results of 3 years of experiments. 【Results】 A theoretical model of the relationship between water supply rate and corn drought resistance was established, and the model was γ= Φ k (Φk + {\Phi }_h^k), which could describe maize hybrid in nonlinear power exponential saturation curve drought resistant coefficient (γ) changing with watering ratio(Φ). After being fitted and verified, the correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the actual value of 12 corn hybrids was 0.973-0.995 (mean 0.987), and the fitting reached an extremely significant level (P <0.01, 0.917). The RPD value of residual prediction deviation fitted by the model was 3.914-9.485, which was greater than 3.0, which meant the model was a good fitting. 【Conclusion】 The model of watering ratio and drought resistance of maize hybrid can be used in the precise identification of maize drought resistance under proportional irrigation. The parameters, half-yield watering ratio (Φh) and water sensitive coefficient (k) have definite biological significance, which are two important indexes of maize drought resistance. Maize varieties with small values of two parameters have relatively stable drought resistance.

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Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Barley Seed Germination under Drought Stress SONG Ruijiao, FENG Caijun, QI Juncang 2022, 59(1): 79-85.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (765KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on barley seeds germination under drought stress and clarify the role of HRW in drought response. 【Method】 The changes of germination characteristics, osmotic regulation substance content, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content of barley seeds (Xinpi 6) under the concentration of semi-lethal polyethylene glycol-6000 were measured by soaking seeds with different concentrations (0,25%, 50%,75%,100%).【Result】 25% and 50% HRW soaking seeds could significantly improve the germination quality of barley seeds under drought stress. Under the above concentration of HRW treatment, the germination potential, germination rate and germination index increased significantly (P<0.05); the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and free proline increased to different degrees; the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) also increased to different levels and the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The appropriate concentration of HRW can enhance the tolerance of barley seeds to drought stress by enhancing the ability of osmotic regulation and antioxidation.

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Effects of Drought Stress on Agronomic Characters, Yield and Quality of Barley from Central Asia WANG Xian, NIE Shihui, XIANG Li, ZHANG Jinshan, LI Peng, FANG Furong 2022, 59(1): 86-94.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1160KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of drought stress on the agronomic traits and quality of barley in Central Asia, so as to provide theoretical basis for drought tolerance breeding of barley in China and improve the yield and quality of barley under drought conditions. 【Methods】 12 different drought-resistant germplasm resources of barley in central Asia were taken as research objects and three water treatments of normal irrigation, irrigation with two water and irrigation with one water were designed. The plant height, spike length, grain number per spike, 1,000-grain weight, yield, total flavone content and total polyphenol content in grains were measured. 【Results】 The results showed that drought stress had significant effects on all indexes.(1)With the increase of drought stress, the 1,000-grain weight and yield of all tested materials showed a gradual downward trend. Except cultivar 8 and cultivar 9, the plant height of all tested varieties showed a downward trend, and the ear length of all tested varieties except cultivar 10 and cultivar 11 showed a downward trend.(2)With the aggravation of drought stress, the content of total flavonoids in varieties Jiyin 2013-7 -DM-005, Jiyin 2013-7-DM-045, Jiyin 2013-7-DM-072, Ji33 and Jiyin 2013-7-DM-0881 increased significantly, and the content of total flavonoids in varieties Jiyin 2013-7-DM-71, Jiyin 2013-7-DM-046, Jiyin 2013-7-DM-051, Ji2, Ji 35 and Ha3 increased significantly at first and then decreased; except Jiyin 2013-7-DM-051, the content of total polyphenols increased first and then decreased significantly, the content of total polyphenols in Ha3 increased first and then decreased significantly, the content of total polyphenols in other 10 Central Asian barley grains increased significantly.(3)The content of total flavonoids was significantly positively correlated with yield, but not significantly positively correlated with total polyphenol content, plant height, ear length and grain number per ear, and not significantly negatively correlated with 1,000 grain weight; the content of total polyphenols was extremely significantly negatively correlated with ear length and yield, but not significantly positively correlated with plant height and grain number per ear, and not significantly negatively correlated with 1,000 grain weight. 【Conclusion】 Drought stress could increase the contents of total flavonoids and total polyphenols in barley grains.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Plant Protection·Physiology and Biochemistry

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Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Soil Temperature and Yield of Walnut Trees under Drip Irrigation ZHANG Jiyuan, ZHAO Jinghua, YANG Wenxin, JIANG Youwei, LIAO Kang, Halidanmu Tuerdi, Renaguli Kuerban 2022, 59(1): 95-104.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1429KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on the soil temperature of walnut trees by drip irrigation in arid areas and determine the most favorable irrigation pattern. 【Methods】 The effects of three different irrigation levels (normal irrigation ETC, mild water deficit 75% ETC, and moderate water shortage 50% ETC) and seven different treatments on soil temperature, SPAD value, fruit volume and yield were studied. 【Results】 The greater the deficit adjustment, the higher the soil temperature, and the more efficient effect of increasing temperature during the growth period of deficit adjustment. Before the fat conversion period(Ⅴ), the soil temperature decreased with the increase of soil depth, which was 5 cm>10 cm> 20 cm> 30 cm> 40 cm. During the period of Ⅴand maturity(Ⅵ), the temperature of soil with moderate water shortage was the highest during the flowering and fruiting stage + fruit expansion stage (Ⅱ + Ⅲ). The difference of soil temperature between pre-irrigation and post-irrigation was the smallest when the deficit was adjusted during periodⅡ. Regulated deficit irrigation promoted the increase of SPAD value, and the volume of regulated deficit fruit was the largest during periodⅡ. The highest yield was 4,150.70 kg/hm 2 at light water shortage during Ⅱ period, and the water use efficiency (WUE)was the highest, reaching 9.25 kg/(hm 2·mm). 【Conclusion】 Considering soil temperature, fruit volume, yield, and WUE, mild water shortage during periodⅡis the most beneficial treatment.

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Comparison on Characteristic Parameters of Photosynthesis Diurnal Variation and Light Response Curve of 5 Grape Cultivars under ‘V’ Shaped Casserole Adil Hekim, Muhtar Zari, Roxangul Mahmut, WANG Baoqing 2022, 59(1): 105-112.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1152KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare the photosynthetic capacity of five grape cultivars and provide theoretical basis for the selection and formulation of scientific field management techniques. 【Method】 Krissen, Xinyu, Flame Seedless, Jumeigui and Sapphire under the "V" shape cultivation mode were used as test materials to determine their diurnal variation trend of photosynthesis characteristic parameters and Pn - light response curve. 【Results】 Among the 5 grape cultivars, the Pn diurnal variation of Crimson, Xinyu and Jumeigui had a single peak, which showed a gradual downward trend, namely, higher in the morning and lower in the afternoon. There were double peaks in Pn diurnal variation of Flame Seedless and Sapphire, both of which showed "midday depression" caused by high temperature and strong light (stomatal factors) at noon. The daily average Pn values of 5 grape cultivars were Crimson (8.395±3.541)μmol/(m 2·s), Xinyu (9.303±2.643)μmol/(m2·s), Flame Seedless(8.796±3.588)μmol/(m2·s), Jumeigui (8.043±2.614)μmol/(m2·s), Sapphire (8.002±4.157)μmol/(m2·s). Among the characteristic parameters of Pn - light response curves of 5 grape cultivars, the light compensation point (LCP) ranged from 51.0 to 78.0 μmol/(m2·s), among which Xinyu and Sapphire had higher LCP, and the other 3 cultivars had lower LCP than 60.0 μmol/(m2·s); Sapphire had the highest light saturation point (LSP), which was 1,582.2 μmol/(m2·s), followed by Xinyu, and the LSP of Crimson was the lowest, which was 1,151.9 μmol/(m2·s). 【Conclusion】 All of the 5 grape cultivars planted in Yutian County showed better photosynthetic adaptability, and their daily average values of water use efficiency (WUE) of the 5 grape cultivars were ranked as follows: Crimson > Flame Seedless > Sapphire > Xinyu > Jumeigui.

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Effects of Different Rootstocks on Photosynthetic Efficiency of Grape Leaves in Crimson Seedless Grape ZHONG Haixia, XIAN He, WU Jiuyun, ZHANG Fuchun, DING Xiang, ZHAO Laipeng, PAN Mingqi, HU Xin, ZHOU Xiaoming, QIAO Jiangxia, WU Xinyu 2022, 59(1): 113-121.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1614KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the effects of different rootstocks on photosynthetic performance of Crimson seedless grape with a view to providing reference for the selection of excellent rootstocks suitable for the grape. 【Methods】 SPAD502 was used to determine the relative chlorophyll content of 6 year old Crimson seedless and Crimson seedless self-root seedlings grafted with 7 different rootstocks, 5BB, 5C, 101-14MG, 110R, SO4, 188-08 and Beta. The TPS-2 photosynthetic apparatus was used to measure the photosynthetic parameters, and data models such as right-angle hyperbolic correction model and Freundlich model were used to fit the data, and the saturation light intensity and light compensation point were calculated. 【Results】 The results showed that there were significant or extremely significant differences in leaf indexes between different rootstocks of scion Crimson seedless and self-root seedlings. The leaf area and SPAD of the 101-14MG grafted Crimson were the highest, reaching 146.85 mm2 and 44.99, and the maximum net photosynthetic rate of the stock 5BB grafting was the highest, reaching 17.68 μmol/(m 2·s). The second rate was 101-14MG, which was 16.01 μmol/(m2·s), slightly less than that of 5BB grafting. The net photosynthetic rate of Crimson without nucleation was the lowest in 118-08 grafting, which was 12.31 μmol/(m2·s). Rootstocks with good performance in dark respiration rate were 188-08 and Beta, with dark respiration rate of only 1.36and 1.33 μmol/(m2 ·s). The 101-14MG grafted Crimson nucleus-free light compensation point was the highest (95.58 μmol/(m 2·s)), followed by 110R, and the lowest (45.92 μmol/(m2·s)). The Crimson and the Crimson without nucleus were grafted with stock 101-14MG and 5BB. The utilization rate of Crimson without nucleus was the highest (1.850%), followed by that of Crimson without nucleus (1.625%) with 5BB grafting. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that rootstock 101-14MG significantly increased the leaf area and chlorophyll content of scion Crimson seedless grape. The maximum net photosynthetic rate, quantum efficiency and light adaptation range of rootstock 101-14MG and 5 BB grafted with Crimson seedless grape were better than those of other rootstocks, which is beneficial to improve photosynthesis of scion Crimson seedless grape leaves.

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Study on Fruit Characters of 15 Xinjiang Pear Varieties CHANG Wenjun, QIN Jinming, BAO Jianping, WANG Yatong, WANG Shaopeng, FAN Guoquan 2022, 59(1): 122-133.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1251KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to study the similarity and genetic diversity of fruit characters among pear breeding materials, 15 Xinjiang pear varieties were compared and evaluated for their fruit characters, which provided reference for rational evaluation and utilization of Xinjiang Pear Germplasm resources. 【Methods】 Using the method of variance analysis and Q-cluster to compare and classify the pear fruit, and based on the characteristics of the fruit, principal component analysis was carried out. 【Results】 (1) The variety diversity of Xinjiang local pear was rich, the variation coefficient of each quantitative character ranged from 8.83% to 80.75%, the variation coefficient of fruit shape index was the smallest, and the variation range of stone cell content was the largest, which was mainly reflected in the different classification of different parts. (2) The order of fruit point density and fruit hardness was: calyx > stalk > carcass. (3) The 15 varieties were divided into four groups by Q-cluster, the same group was more close to the overall characteristics of other groups, and gathered according to the trend of the region. (4) Four principal components were extracted when the eigenvalue was more than 1, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 85.91%. The top three of the evaluation results were Huocheng Donghuangli, Yili Jujuli and Kuike Amute. 【Conclusion】 In the cluster analysis, Lvli is clustered into one group, which has unique characteristics in fruit shape and quality, and has high content of soluble solids, so it can be used as a special breeding material; Heisuanli and Huocheng Donghuangli can be considered as breeding parents to improve the single fruit quality; Korla Huangsuanli has high hardness, which can be used for the research of transportation and storage tolerance; The juice content of Kuike Amute can be used as parents of high quality varieties for juicing. According to the comprehensive data analysis, Huocheng Donghuangli, Yili Jujuli and Kuike Amute have good fruit characters, which have important application value for pear germplasm innovation and parent selection of cross breeding.

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Soil Factors Effects on Herbaceous Species Diversity in Picea schrenkiana Forest of Different Forest type GE Yao, WANG Zhenxi 2022, 59(1): 134-144.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1184KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the correlation between the diversity of herbaceous plants under two forest types in order to provide scientific basis for the reasonable management of soil quality and the scientific protection of species diversity in Picea schrenkiana forest. 【Methods】 Two forest types, Mesophyll- Picea schrenkiana forest and moss- Picea schrenkiana forest, were taken as the research objects, and herbage species diversity of 4 ages was analyzed by diversity index, and the correlation between soil physical and chemical properties and species diversity was studied by multivariate statistical method. 【Results】 There were 93 species of herbaceous plants in 34 families and 77 genera in the study plot. The dominant species of the two forest types were shade tolerant and mesophytic grasses, respectively. The diversity index of stand decreased with the increase of stand age. Understory herbaceous species diversity was mainly affected by soil bulk density, organic matter, total potassium and total nitrogen content, and soil factors could only explain 27.10% of the variation of understory herbaceous vegetation diversity. 【Conclusion】 The soil bulk density, organic matter and total nitrogen content is the main soil factors affecting the Picea schrenkiana forest herb species diversity, but its corresponding small, indicating some unknown factors in the region more forests herbaceous species diversity has a great influence, subject to further plant physiological ecology characteristics and environmental factors such as study together.

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Threshold Analysis of Salt Stress in Flax at Germination and seedling Stage ZHAO Wei, MA Haixia, ZHANG Yanping 2022, 59(1): 145-154.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (925KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to provide the basic reference for screening salt-tolerant flax materials, we study the growth and the salt tolerance threshold of flax under the single salt (NaCl)and the mixed salt(Na2SO4、NaHCO3)in germination stage and seedling stage. 【Method】 We selected two flax varieties with different salt tolerance to be treated with salt solution of different concentrations, then studied the changes of different indicators. Through correlation and regression analysis, the indictors which were total fresh weight in single salt stress at germination stage、 germination rate in mixed salt stress at germination stage、root dry weight in single salt stress at seedling stage and total fresh weight in mixed salt stress at seedling stage were selected to establish the quadratic regression equation with salt stress concentration :Y=42.949x2-263.158x+224.564、Y=5.194x2-111.128x+109.467、Y=81.772x2-302.544x+382.076、Y=68.568x2-278.918x+326.567.Taking reduced 50% of the selected indicators compared with the control as standard to calculate the salt tolerance threshold of flax in germination stage and seedling stage. 【Result】 The threshold values of single salt(NaCl)stress in germination stage、mixed salt (Na2SO4、NaHCO3)stress in germination stage、single salt(NaCl)stress in seedling stage and mixed salt (Na2SO4、NaHCO3)stress in seedling stage were respectively 103.722,25,55.201,5,251.247 and 204.25 mmol/L by calculated. 【Conclusion】 The tolerance of flax to neutral salt was stronger than that of alkaline salt.The salt tolerance of different tissues of flax has great difference. At the germination and seedling stage of flax,the salt tolerance was not consistent.

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A Brief Analysis of the Factors Restricting the Effectiveness of Controlling Cotton Verticillium wilt by Using Biocontrol Bacteria in the Field LIU Haiyang, WANG Wei, ZHANG Renfu, Wenqiemu Abulizi, YAO Ju 2022, 59(1): 155-161.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (968KB) ( )   【Objective】 To identify the main factors that restrict the effectiveness of controlling cotton Verticillium wilt by using biocontrol bacteria in the field, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the techniques for biocontrol of cotton Verticillium wilt in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Cotton Verticillium wilt in the Korla cotton areas was taken as the subject and the occurrence of Verticillium wilt and data about agricultural operations were investigated in the field. The microsclerotia of Verticillium dahlia were separated from the soil using selective media, and gfp-AL7 was used as the marker strain to analyze its colonization capability in soil and its ability to inhibit Verticillium dahlia microsclerotia. 【Result】 Antimicrobial agents with water droplets were typically applied in the Korla cotton area in mid-Junes, which is seriously later than the infection and occurrence periods of cotton Verticillium wilt. More than 90% of Verticillium dahlia microsclerotia in the soil were distributed in the 0-20 cm plough layer, and a small amount existed in the 20-40 cm plough layer. The extracted liquid of the cotton field soil had no inhibitory effect on the growth of the strain AL7, but the marker strain gfp-AL7 had a poor ability to naturally proliferate in the soil. Its number of colonization began declined over time, mainly colonized in the 0-20 cm soil layer. The corrected inhibition rate of microsclerotia in soil by the fermentation broth of biocontrol bacteria AL7 was 70.5%, while that of microsclerotia by the 1∶200 diluted fermentation broth was only 5.5%. The biological agents had no inhibitory effect on the microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae, instead, they accelerated the increase in the number of microsclerotia. 【Conclusion】 The biocontrol strain AL7 has poor proliferation ability in soil and undesirable inhibition on the microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae. The application techniques of biocontrol bacteria should be modified according to the occurrence pattern of cotton Verticillium wilt.

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The Control Effect, Herbicidal Spectrum and Safety Evaluation of 42% Fluridone Compounded with 33% Pendimethalin EC on Weeds in Cotton Fields SU Panlong, LI Tao, LIU Xinyuan, WU Cailan, YANG Desong 2022, 59(1): 162-169.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (796KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the best dosage of 42% fluridone suspension with 33% pendimethalin EC (200mL) through field trials and laboratory trials to kill weeds Spectrum and ensure the safety of cotton. 【Methods】 Effects of 42% fluoxetone suspension and 33% dimethylpentylin emulsifiable concentrate (200 mL/667m2) on weed control, herbicidal spectrum and seedling emergence rate, plant height and yield of cotton were studied by combining field with laboratory. 【Results】 42% flufenazone suspension had high herbicidal activity against Solanum nigrum L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L. and Portulaca oleracea L. with EC50 of 17.58, 17.68, 16.87, 16.44 mL/667m 2. In order to better control dicotyledonous weeds such as nightshade, it was recommended that the best combination of medicaments was 42% fluridone suspension (35-40 mL/667m2)+33% pendimethalin EC (200 mL/667m2); As for 42% fluazinon, when the dosage of ketone suspension was higher than 35 mL/667m2, the control effect of broadleaf weeds was more than 90%, which produced better result on gramineous weeds. The control effect of this combination on Abutilon and Convolvulus was less than 59%; 42% compounding of 33% pendimethalin EC (200 mL/667m2) with fluazidone suspension had no effect on the plant height, fresh weight, fruit branch number, boll weight, and seed cotton yield, and the emergence rate was 42% fluoxazone suspension (40-200 mL/667m2)+33% Pendimethalin EC dropped below 90%.【Conclusion】 The best concentration of compound medicament is 42% fluorfenpyrone suspending agent (35-40 mL/667m2), compounding 33% pendimethalin EC (200 mL/667m2); As for 42% fluorfenpyrone suspending agent single, when the dosage is higher than 35 mL/667m2, it has good control effect on the main broad-leaf weeds in cotton fields Solanum nigrum L. Amaranthus retroflexus L. Chenopodium album L. Portulaca oleracea L.all have high herbicidal activity, and the control effect can reach more than 90%; When the concentration of 42% flufenidone in the compound medicament is above 40 mL/667m 2, the cotton seedling emergence rate drops to below 90%, but it has no effect on cotton yield, plant height and fresh weight.

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Investigation into the Diseases of the Potato in Different Producing Areas in Xinjiang GAO Yonggang, GAO Haifeng, LÜ Zhuo, XU lijuan, , TANG Qiyong, GU Meiying, ZHANG Lijuan, ZHU Jinquan, SONG Suqin 2022, 59(1): 170-178.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1241KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to determine the types of potato diseases and pathogenic bacteria in the different potato producing areas along the Tianshan Mountains of the north of Xinjiang, the susceptible plants and tubers were collected from Qitai farm, Nileke experimental station, Shirenzi village of Balikun, in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 【Methods】 The tissue isolation method,the morphological identification, 16S rDNA and ITS sequence analysis, specific primer amplification and Koch's pathogenicity tests were applied to study the isolates. 【Results】 The results showed that the pathogens were Pseudomonas lactis, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Alternaria sp., Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria alternata, and Geomycetes candidum, causing bacterial wilt, dry rot, early blight, black spot, red star, white mildew tuber of potato diseases, the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum was stronger among of them. 【Conclusion】 In this study, the potato diseases are identified as blight, dry rot, early blight in these producing areas of Xinjiang. And bacterial wilt, dry rot of white mildew, red star disease, black spot disease.

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Effects of High Temperature Closed Greenhouse on the Control of Protected Vegetable Root-Knot Nematode and the Structure of Soil Microbial Community HE Wei, LUO Wenfang, YU Zhenhua, XU Jianjun, SUN Xiaojun 2022, 59(1): 179-189.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1920KB) ( )   【Objective】 Root knot nematode is one of the important diseases of facility vegetables, which has become an obstacle to the facility vegetables development in Xinjiang, in view of this, our project aims to explore effects of high temperature closed greenhouse on the control of vegetable root-knot nematode and the microbial community. 【Method】 Plot experiments and high-throughput sequencing technology were used in this study. 【Results】 The results showed that the temperature of 10cm deep soil with irrigation + mulching and irrigation + mulching + fungicide was above 60℃ and lasted for 50 minutes, and decrease rate of knot nematodes was 100%, which was significantly higher than that by the irrigation without mulching. The abundance and diversity of fungi and bacteria were increased by high temperature, however, the abundance and diversity of fungal species treated with abamectin under irrigation decreased. The abundance of fungi was increased, the diversity was decreased, and bacteria were increased in lettuce harvest time. The reproduction of Alternaria, Cladosporium and uncultured bacterium-c-S0134-terrestrial-group were promoted, and Sphingomonas was inhibited by the high temperature. 【Conclusion】 The irrigation and film mulching of high temperature closed greenhouse can effectively control root knot nematode and affect the microbial community structure in the soil. During the growth period of next crop lettuce, the microbial community in soil gradually recovers. The closed shed is suitable for the application of greenhouse vegetables in Xinjiang.

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Effects of Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate on Quality and Disease of Grapefruit ZHENG Suhui, HE Qing, ZHANG Jian, GUAN Junfeng, QIN Nannan, YANG Yijingming, LIU Xueyan, WU Bin 2022, 59(1): 190-198.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1398KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) soaking on postharvest disease control and postharvest storage quality of grape in the hope of finding safe and efficient grape preservation preparation and technique to replace traditional methods. 【Methods】 The grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Red Globe) were immersed with 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for 10 min at room temperature (25℃), then stored at (0±1)℃. Fruit firmness, soluble solid content, titratable acid content and decay rate were tested every ten days respectively. Grapes were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea by epidermis damaged method, the diameter changes and incidence of spots were counted after being inoculated with Botrytis cinerea in grapes,meanwhile, the activity changes of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Chitinase(CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in different treatments were determined. 【Result】 The results showed that MeJA treatment could delay the decrease of fruit firmness and inhibit the decay during the storage. Botrytis cinerea grape pre-treated with MeJA showed stronger and faster response to the challenge of pathogen inoculation compared with either treatments alone, and exhibited a significant increase in the activities of defense-related enzymes including PAL, CHI, GLU and PPO as well as total phenols content(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The study further clarified the significant effect of exogenous MeJA on maintaining grape quality and reducing gray mold in the post-harvest storage period of grape, and also provided theoretical support and laid the foundation for the further application of MeJA in fruit preservation.

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Effects of Spraying GA3 in Florescence Period on Yield and Quality of Jun Jujube and Its Residue Analysis ZHAO Jingtong, FAN Dingyu, Abudoukayoumu Ayimaiti, YANG Lei, JIN Juan, HAO Qing, GENG Wenjuan 2022, 59(1): 199-204.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (751KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the effect of spraying GA3 on the yield and quality of Jujube during flowering period, and to evaluate the residual risk GA3 jujube in mature period. 【Methods】 Taking Junzao as the research object, the effects on yield and quality with different concentrations of G {{\mathrm{A}}_3}_{}were studied, and on the basis of screening out the appropriate concentration, the variation of GA3 content in flowers and fruits at different development stages after GA3 spraying was studied. A total of 6 treatments were set up for spraying GA3 during the flowering period: one time, treatment concentrations: 0 (CK), 10, 20, 40, 60和80 mg/L, and three times, treatment concentrations: 40 mg/L (one time every 7 days). Yield and quality were investigated in fruit full red period. The GA3 content of different treatment concentrations and different stages of development (6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 10 d, 15 d, 30 d, 50 d, 80 d, 120 d) were measured by HPLC. 【Results】 After spraying GA3 one time, the single fruit weight decreased, the fruit shape index and the tensile strength of the fruit handle increased, and the yield increased. As the GA3 concentration increased, the soluble sugar content of jujube fruit increased first and then decreased, the protein and total acid content decreased first and then increased, and the cellulose content increased gradually. With the development GA3 content of jujube flower decreased gradually, the GA3 content of young fruit increased significantly, and the GA3 content decreased rapidly at the end of fruit expansion period. GA3 treatment could significantly improve the GA3 content of jujube flower and fruit. The GA3 content in the whole red fruit was 0.281,2-0.397,6 higher than that in the control fruit mg/L, but the difference of the residue in 40 times was not significant. 【Conclusion】 The effect of increasing yield was most obvious when the spraying concentration of GA3 was 40 mg/L at the flowering stage. At the same concentration, it was sprayed for 3 times to further improve the yield and quality, the nutrient quality showed the characteristics of high sugar and low acid. It is suggested that this measure be adopted in the jujube orchard where field water and fertilizer are guaranteed. Spraying GA3 can improve the GA3 content level of jujube flowers and fruits in the whole growth period, and the degradation law is basically consistent with the control. Treatment with different concentrations of GA3 showed that low concentration promoted and high concentration inhibited the synthesis of endogenous GA3.

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Effects of Three Kinds of Salt Stress on Seed Germination Characteristics of Guisangyou Mulberry 12 CHEN Jiali, JIANG Xi, TAN Zhanming, YANG Minglu, XIAO Haibing 2022, 59(1): 205-214.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1377KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of three kinds of salt stress on seed germination of Guisangyou mulberry 12 and determine the tolerance of Guisangyou mulberry 12 to different salt stress,which provides theoretical basis for the introduction and popularization of mulberry in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Guisangyou mulberry 12 seeds were treated with 0.025-0.25 mol/L neutral single salt (NaCl), basic mixed salt (NaCl+Na2CO3) and neutral mixed salt (NaCl+Na2SO4) respectively. The germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, proline and malondialdehyde content were measured. Meanwhile, the salt tolerance of Guisangyou mulberry 12 seeds was comprehensively evaluated by the method of subjection function. 【Results】 With the increase of the concentration of the three salts, the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vigor index of Guisangyou mulberry 12 seeds all decreased, while the contents of proline and malondialdehyde all increased. The regression relationship between seed germination rate and salt concentration was significant in Guisangyou mulberry 12. Under three salt stresses of alkaline mixed salt, neutral single salt and neutral mixed salt, the appropriate germination concentrations of Guisangyou mulberry 12 seeds were 0.043,1 mol/L, 0.040,8 mol/L and 0.036,4 mol/L, respectively, and the salt tolerance limits were 0.252,4 mol/L, 0.295,9 mol/L and 0.290,5 mol/L, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation values of seed germination of Guisangyou mulberry 12 on three salts tresses resistance were 3.565, 3.905 and 5.027, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The stress of three kinds of salt solution on seed germination of Mulberry mulberry 12 is the most serious alkaline mixed salt and the lightest neutral mixed salt.

Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Agricultural Information·Prataculture·Agricultural Eeconomy

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Analysis of the Difference in Detecting Brucellosis with Different Initial Screening Methods and Different Diagnostic Reagents LIU Liya, YE Feng, MA Xiaojing, GU Wenxi, XIE Caiyun, ZHONG Qi, YI Xinping 2022, 59(1): 215-222.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (914KB) ( )   【Objective】 Four primary screening methods and 11 commercial diagnostic reagents for brucellosis were used to detect 207 cattle and sheep serological samples collected in Xinjiang. Analyze the differences in the results and make a preliminary evaluation of the methods and products. 【Method】 Based on the test results of the APHA competitive ELISA kit in the British reference laboratory,The results were 78 positive sera from cattle with brucellosis and 57 negative sera, 52 positive sera from sheep and 20 negative sera. Use RBT antigen (Ⅰ), (Ⅱ), FPA antigen (Ⅲ), GICA (A, B, C, D), iELISA antibody detection kit (a, b, c, d) to detect the above samples. 【Results】 The sensitivity of the test results is between 42%-100%, the specificity is between 32%-100%, the coincidence rate between negative and positive is between 67%-98%, and the Kappa value between the cELISA test method of the British reference laboratory is between 0.35-1. 【Conclusion】 There are differences in the detection results of different methods and different reagents; there are differences in the results of using the same method and different reagents; the detection of bovine and sheep serum using the same manufacturer's reagents has different sensitivity and specificity results. Comparing the test results of different primary screening methods, it is found that iELISA has better sensitivity and RBT has better specificity. From the results of detection agreement, the agreement rate of RBT method is the highest, followed by FPA, GICA, and iELISA. The Kappa value between the cELISA test method of the British reference laboratory shows that RBT and FPA are completely or highly consistent with them, and GICA and iELISA are moderately consistent. Comparing the test results of different reagents of the same method, it is found that the RBT method II antigen is better than the I antigen; the four GICA test strips have significant differences, A is the best and B is the worst; iELISA kit a and c are better than other b and d.

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Hyperspectral Estimation of Surface Soil Organic Matter Content in the Oasis Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Model Hazirtiali Keyim, LI Xinguo, ZHAO Hui, Mamattursun Eziz 2022, 59(1): 223-230.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1937KB) ( )   【Objective】 Taking the lakeside oasis of Bosten Lake in Xinjiang, China as the study area, the content of soil surface organic matter was estimated by hyperspectral data, which provided a technical reference for monitoring the content of soil surface organic matter in the oasis area of lakeside of Bosten Lake in a wide range with rapidity and low cost. 【Methods】 Based on the geographical weighted regression model, the hyperspectral estimation model of soil organic matter content in the study area was constructed by selecting the characteristic bands of hyperspectral data and soil organic matter content. 【Results】 The content of organic matter in surface soil in the study area showed moderate variation. The change coefficient was 55%, the minimum value was 2.37 g/kg, the maximum value was 51.47 g/kg, and the average value was 21.20 g/kg. The characteristic bands of soil organic matter were mainly concentrated in the range of 645-1,958 nm, in which the correlation coefficient of the second order of 1/R was 0.73, and P was at 0.05. The number of bands passing the significance test was 83. The modeling effect of two-dimensional soil index 1/ R RSI was the optimal in the geographically weighted regression model, with modeling set R2 = 0.91, RMSE = 2.56, and validation set R 2 = 0.95, RMSE = 1.10. 【Conclusion】 Using a geo-weighted regression model to estimate soil organic matter estimates, the modeling results can achieve a certain level of accuracy, and this study provides a reference for modeling soil organic matter when there are few sampling points.

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Analysis on the Characteristics of Plant Communities in Mountain Meadow Grassland under Nomadic and Settled Grazing LÜ Wenjun, Tuerxunnayi Reyimu, Xueretijiang Maitinuri, ZHANG Qingqing 2022, 59(1): 231-241.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1265KB) ( )   【Objective】 The winter pasture of the mountain meadow grassland in the middle section of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is used as the basic pasture for herders to graze. There are two grazing methods: nomadic and settled. To study the effects of nomadic and settled grazing on the quantitative characteristics and diversity of plant communities in mountain meadows and grasslands, and provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of winter pastures in the region. 【Method】 Taking the winter pasture in Ashri Kazak Nationality Township, Changji City, the middle section of the Tianshan Mountains as the object, two grazing intensities of light grazing and heavy grazing were designed under the two treatments of nomadic and settled grazing. No grazing areas (fenced pasture) was used as contrast. Using the method of field survey and sampling, the species composition of grassland plant community, plant importance value, above-ground biomass of plants and plant diversity index are measured and analyzed. 【Result】 With the increase of grazing intensity, the number of plant species changes as settled > nomadic, the composition of plant communities has changed significantly, the important values of grasses and legumes have declined, and the dominant species of the community have gradually been replaced by weeds and Achnatherum inebrians; Changes in plant height, coverage, density, and above-ground biomass of plants are represented by settled > nomadic. There are significant differences in plant coverage and above-ground stock between nomadic and settled grazing areas (P<0.05), and the difference between the two indicators is highest in settled; The Margalef index, Pielou index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson index showed settled > nomadic, but the difference between the two was not significant (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Nomadic and settled grazing affect the basic characteristics of plant communities in winter pastures of mountain meadows in the middle of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. Compared with the settled grazing area, the plant height, coverage, density and above-ground biomass of plants of the nomadic area gradually decreased with the increase of grazing intensity by 23.45%, 7.43%, 9.42% and 13.57%. The plant height, density, and coverage are at a low level in the nomadic areas, and the α diversity index reaches the lowest value in the nomadic. There are the largest number of plant species under settled light grazing, and the plant diversity and ecological dominance are maintained at a high level.

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Research on the Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology InnovationSystem and Its Development Countermeasures GUO Hua, SHI Jialin, LI jin, SUN Guoxing, LIU Huixiang, YIN Chuan 2022, 59(1): 242-250.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (968KB) ( )   【Objective】 this study provides a scientific basis for modern agricultural innovation and development in urban areas by constructing an agricultural technology innovation system. 【Methods】 For this feature, taking Tianjin as an example, The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to construct an agricultural science and technology innovation system including decision-making goals, intermediate indicators and alternatives, and with the aid of yaahp software, the weight of each indicator can be determined to provide a basis for scientific decision-making. 【Results】 According to the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the comprehensive evaluation score in 2018 is 0.859,3. Among them: (1) The investment level score is 0.277,8, indicating that the investment in the construction of Tianjin's modern agricultural science and technology innovation system can still maintain a relatively high level. (2) The score of the innovation environment is only 0.079,9, which is relatively low. It can be concluded that the innovation environment needs to be further optimized. (3) The operating performance score is 0.138,7, indicating that its overall operation is relatively good. (4) The output capability standard is worth 0.362,9, which shows that the output capability of its innovation system is relatively strong. 【Conclusion】 breaking the system and mechanism barriers has become an urgent problem (W1=0.451,7), and increasing investment is still the focus of future work (W2=0.316,7), management innovation is an effective way to improve the efficiency of innovation (W3=0.231,5), by which the deep integration of the agricultural innovation chain and the industrial chain is promoted, and the competitiveness of modern agriculture enhanced.

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Research on Export Effect of International Competitiveness of China's Bulk Agricultural Products CHEN Hongwei, DING Jianguo, MU Yueying 2022, 59(1): 251-260.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (918KB) ( )   【Objective】 Bulk agricultural products are the basic commodities of China's international trade, this project aims to study the contribution of its international competitiveness to export, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving China's agricultural trade terms. 【Method】 Based on the relevant data from 2001 to 2018 in the United Nations comtrade database, this paper analyzes the impact of international competitiveness of China's bulk agricultural products on exports by using the market share index and the constant market share model. 【Result】 The international competitiveness MS index of China's bulk agricultural products increased from 5.63% to 6.93%, the contribution rate to export growth is 33.05%. MS index of sugar and cotton increased from 0.96%, 11.22% to 4.62%, 28.12%, the contribution rates to export growth is 33.77% and 47.94%, respectively, MS index of cereals and oilseeds decreased from 3.10%, 4.94% to 0.94%, 2.69% in 2001 to 2018, the contribution rate are -859.52%, -14.81%.【Conclusion】The improvement of international competitiveness of China's bulk agricultural products is an important driving factor for export growth, export effect of comprehensive competitiveness is higher than specific competitiveness effect, the competitiveness of sugar, cotton and other specific varieties contributes greatly to the export growth, while the decline in the international competitiveness of grain and oil crops hinders its export.