Archive

20 February 2022, Volume 59 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
Crop Genetics and Breeding·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Germplasm Resources
Horticultural Special Local Products·Forestry·Soil Fertilizer· Water Saving Irrigation·Agroecological Environment
Prataculture·Storage and Preservation Processing·Microbes
Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization·Facility Agriculture·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Crop Genetics and Breeding·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Germplasm Resources

Select

Analysis of Components of Cotton Fiber Cell Wall by Chemical Pretreatment and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) HU Wenran, YANG Yang, LI Bo, HAO Xiaoyan, ZHAO Zhun, SHAO Wukui, HUANG Quansheng 2022, 59(2): 261-268.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1331KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide a chemical pretreatment method which can be combined with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to observe the cell wall components of cotton fiber.In the method, the cell wall of cotton fiber can be broken without causing structural damage and the real structural components of cell wall can be analyzed by FTIR. 【Method】 Cotton fiber was pretreated with thioglycolic acid and hydrochloric acid, and the free chemical reagent was washed with deionized water.The cell wall of cotton fiber after chemical pretreatment was observed by FTIR.Using the same treatment of the shoots of Pinus sylvestris L.var.mongolica Litv. with high lignification and hardness as control to verify the treatment method. 【Result】 Cotton fiber was broken at the site where it binds to the sulfhydryl group in thioglycolic acid, which could effectively break the cell wall of cotton fiber and overcome the problem that it was difficult to grind the fiber sample. Then the free chemical reagents were washed with deionized water. The cell wall of cotton fiber after chemical pretreatment was observed by FTIR. It was found that the chemically treated cotton fiber was significantly higher than the original chopped cotton fiber in the spectral range of 1,800-1,650 cm-1. In the spectral range of 1,800-1,550 cm-1, there was a very significant difference between chemically treated cotton fiber and chopped fiber, in the spectral range of 1,320-1,200 cm-1, The FTIR absorbance of treated cotton fiber was significantly higher than that of chopped cotton fiber. 【Conclusion】 The cell wall components of cotton fiber can be correctly evaluated by pretreatment of cotton fiber with thioglycolic acid and hydrochloric acid and then combined with FTIR.

Select

Effects of Plant Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on the Growth and Yield of Machine-Picked Cotton Kadliya Abudukelimu, ZHANG Jusong, CHEN Zhen, HE Hongwei, CUI Jianping, LIN Tao, GUO Rensong 2022, 59(2): 269-278.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1080KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer ratio and planting spacing on cotton growth and yield under the condition of one film and three rows, and to select the best combination. 【Method】 Taking Xinluzhong 88 as the tested variety, the split-zone test design was adopted, with three nitrogen fertilizer topdressing strategies in the main zone and three plant spacing of 10, 8 and 6 cm in the sub-zone.Effects of different treatments on the growth and development of cotton, the spatiotemporal distribution of cotton bolls, the shedding rate of buds and bolls, yield and fiber quality were analyzed. 【Results】 The number of bolls in the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer application was more N2, and the number of bolls was 8.7% -23.3%, 8.82% -36.5% higher than that of N1 and N3.The spatiotemporal distribution of cotton bolls was more ideal, and the rate of boll shedding was low, which increased yield.The quality of treated fiber was significantly better than the other two treatments.Combining the yield components such as the number of harvested plants, the number of bolls per plant, and the weight of single bolls, the treatment with N2 and plant spacing of 8 cm (D2) with nitrogen fertilizer had the highest yield, and the yield of lint cotton was 3,025.65 kg/hm2. 【Conclusion】 Under the one-film three-row mode, N2D2 can achieve high yield when nitrogen fertilizer is applied and the plant spacing is 8 cm, which is suitable for popularization and application in production.

Select

Morphological Comparison of Fiber Development in Different Upland Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang MAO Tingyong, KONG Jie, HU Shoulin, ZHANG Wei, CHEN Jialin, LI Yanfang, WAN Sumei, CHEN Guodong 2022, 59(2): 279-290.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2087KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the morphological changes of fiber development in different upland cotton varieties, and compare the morphological differences in important stages of fiber development. 【Methods】 Xinluzhong 82, Xinluzhong 70, Xinluzhong 38 and 15-1242 were taken as materials to observe the ovules of the fibers from the day before flowering to the day after flowering, the fibers of 21 days and 28 days of development, and mature fiber. 【Results】 It can be seen from the observation of ovules that, with the increase of flowering time, the number of protuberances or elongation of ovules epidermal cells gradually increases, and the number of protuberances on the day of flowering is 5,900-7,800 per square millimeter, and the number of protuberances in the middle boll is the largest, which is more than 7,000 per square millimeter. The number of elongation in the day after flowering ranged from 3,000 to 6,400 per square millimeter, with the largest number of elongation in the middle boll, above 5,000 per square millimeter; the 21-day and 28-day fibers show a short growth period Varieties with a longer growth period enter the fiber thickening period earlier, and the shorter the growth period, the greater the degree of fiber distortion during the same development period. The speed of entering the thickening period in different flowering periods is shown by the fibers that bloom on July 14. The fiber that blooms on July 21 is the earliest, and the fiber that blooms on July 21 is the latest; the twist and longitudinal lines of the middle section of the mature fiber are different in different blooming periods. The twist and depth of Xinluzhong 70 are the most obvious, and Xinluzhong 38 is the most obvious. Not obvious. 【Conclusion】 Based on the fiber development stage of different varieties, the fiber development process of the short growth period is faster.The fiber development process of the different flowering period is that the fiber development of the middle boll is faster than the lower and upper parts.In view of the distortion and depth of mature fibers, the differences in fiber morphology of different varieties and flowering stage may be one of the reasons for the differences in fiber quality.

Select

Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts on Dry Matter Accumulation of Cotton under Film Uncovering Cultivation NIU Yuan, YANG Xiangkun, ZHANG Zhanqin, MA Fuyu 2022, 59(2): 291-301.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1432KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to effectively improve the recovery rate of plastic film and reduce the pollution of plastic film, this project aims to explore the effects of different irrigation amounts on dry matter accumulation, transportation and yield of cotton under film uncovering cultivation mode, so as to provide theoretical basis for water management of cotton under drip irrigation in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Xinluzao 45 (slow water stress type) and Xinluzao 42 (water stress sensitivity) were selected as test materials.The effects of different irrigation amounts on dry matter accumulation, dry matter accumulation characteristic value and yield of cotton were studied by uncovering film 40 days after emergence and setting three water treatments[4,425 m3/hm2 (W1), 5,310 m3/hm2 (W2), 6,637.5 m3/hm2(W3)]. 【Results】 Also, there was a “slow-fast-slow” trend between the two cotton varieties under different irrigation treatments, and the increase of irrigation amount was not conducive to the increase of yield and irrigation water use.Therefore, the optimal irrigation amount for cotton cultivation under the condition of film uncovering was 4,425 m3/hm2. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that under the same irrigation amount, the dry matter accumulation of cotton under the mode of film uncovering was higher than that in the whole growth period, and the transfer ratio of dry matter to reproductive organs increased, and the maintenance time of dry matter accumulation period was prolonged.

Select

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density on Dry Matter Accumulation, Root Growth and Yield of Cotton with Equal Row Spacing XU Gaoyu, LIN Tao, SHAO Yajie, ZHANG Hao, TANG Qiuxiang 2022, 59(2): 302-309.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1260KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application amounts on the morphological index and yield of 76 cm equal-spaced cotton roots. 【Method】 The split-zone design was adopted, which was divided into the main zone density (M1: 225,000 plants/hm2, M2: 180,000 plants/hm2, M3: 135,000 plants/hm2) and the sub-zone nitrogen fertilizer (N1: 0 kg/hm2, N2: 300 kg/hm2, N3: 600 kg/hm2). 【Result】 The results showed that the yield of seed cotton increased significantly by 10.6%-14.5% with nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm2.However, when the nitrogen application rate was too high (600 kg/hm2), the dry matter accumulation would decrease.Appropriate increase of planting densities and nitrogen application rates could promote cotton root weight density, root length density, root surface area density, root volume and average root diameter.The root mass and root volume of the highest treatment M1N2 (225,000 plants/hm2,300 kg/hm2) were 34.3% and 50.1% higher than those of the lowest treatment M3N3 (135,000 plants/hm2,600 kg/hm2), respectively, and the average root diameter and average root surface area were 36.1% and 56.2% higher than those of the lowest treatment M3N3 (135,000 plants/hm2· 300kg/hm2), respectively.The root length density was the highest under M1N3 (225,000 plants/hm2, 600 kg/hm2), which was 20.8% higher than that under the lowest treatment.The final best combination with high yield was M2M2 (180,000 plants/hm2,300 kg/hm2), which was 18.5% higher than that of the lowest combination M2N3 (180,000 plants/hm2,600 kg/hm2). 【Conclusion】 It can be seen that the planting density of 180,000 plants/hm2 and the nitrogen application rate (pure nitrogen) of 600 kg/hm2 can promote the yield improvement and root formation in the machine-picked cotton planting mode with an equal row spacing of 76 cm in southern Xinjiang.

Select

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Characters of Upland Cotton Germplasm Resources Imported YANG Yanlong, MA Jun, SHI Weijun 2022, 59(2): 310-319.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (907KB) ( )   【Objective】 To broaden the genetic basis of Xinjiang cotton germplasm resources and enrich its diversity. 【Method】 The phenotypic characteristics of genetic diversity of 92 upland cotton germplasm resources from Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan were analyzed and evaluated synthetically through field character observation and indoor seed-baking. 【Result】 The results showed that 92 upland cotton germplasms had different degrees of genetic diversity in qualitative and quantitative traits.The genetic diversity of qualitative traits was different in plant, main stem, leaf, flower, boll and other parts.The coefficient of variation and diversity index in 13 traits of the 25 qualitative traits were 0, the average coefficient of variation of the remaining 12 qualitative traits was 18.28%, and the average genetic diversity index was 0.45; the coefficient of variation of 6 quantitative traits was 2.94%-10.44%, its average was 6.80%, the diversity index was 2.58-4.52, the average was 3.86.Using phenotypic identification data for cluster analysis, all materials were divided into 6 groups at a genetic distance of 2.5.The traits of each group had obvious differences.Further correlation analysis and principal component analysis to quantitative traits showed that more complex correlations between each trait reflected the difficulty of simultaneously improving key traits of cotton.Principal component analysis simplified the 6 traits into 4 principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 85.79%.Each principal component reflecting the growth period, plant height and other biological characteristics was related to yield, boll weight and lint and other the economic traits.The synergistic cooperation of each trait was beneficial to the simultaneous improvement of each trait. 【Conclusion】 92 upland cotton germplasms resources have rich genetic diversity in qualitative and quantitative traits, which indicate that the diversity index of quantitative traits is greater than that of qualitative traits.The clustering results are not necessarily related to the source and place of origin of the materials.

Select

Comparison of Dry Matter Distribution and Grain Filling Characteristics of Different Wheat Varieties for Overwinter Seeds Cultivation ZHOU Anding, LI Lei, SUN Shiren, ZHANG Jianxing, KONG Depeng, MIAO Yu, XUE Lihua 2022, 59(2): 320-328.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (703KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the differences in dry matter accumulation, grain filling characteristics and yield among varieties of winter and spring wheat in Northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The difference of dry matter accumulation, grain filling characteristics and yield between winter and spring wheat varieties was compared by using for overwinter seeds planting method. 【Results】 The results showed that Xindong 41was 7,812.3 kg/hm2, relatively higher than other winter wheat varieties, and that of spring wheat varieties Xinchun6 was 7,935.6 kg/hm2 that was higher than other spring wheat varieties. The total dry matter accumulation of winter varieties was between 14,727.8-16,983.26 kg/hm2, the total dry matter accumulation of spring varieties was between 13,588.6-17,634.7 kg/hm2, and the average dry matter accumulation of winter varieties at maturity (16,140.9 kg/hm2) was 2.09% higher than that of spring varieties (15,804.1 kg/hm2), but the difference between winter and spring varieties was not obvious. The average assimilation to grain distribution, the average distribution rate, and the average granular weight contribution rate of winter wheat varieties were 4,508.46 kg/hm2, 57.13%, 78.78% in turn, which was not significantly different from those of spring wheat varieties (4,324.77 kg/hm2, 56.36%, 77.71% in order). The average value of the rapid growth duration of winter wheat varieties (16.25 d), the average value of the maximum grouting rate (2.23 g/d), the average grouting rate (1.12 g/d), the winter wheat varieties were 15.70 d, 2.22 g/d, 1.09 g/d in turn, and the difference between winter and spring wheat varieties has not reached a significant level. 【Conclusion】 Combining the above research results, it is believed that Xinchun 6 and Xindong 41 are suitable for the cultivation of wheat varieties for overwinter seeds cultivation in northern Xinjiang.

Select

Effects of Fertilizer Reduction on Growth, Yield and Fertilizer Utilization of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation LI Huaisheng, AI Haifeng, WANG Heya, ZHANG Lei, LI Jinke, YANG Jie 2022, 59(2): 329-336.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (772KB) ( )   【Objective】 Effects To study the effects of different chemical fertilizer reduction patterns on growth, yield and fertilizer utilization of winter wheat under drip irrigation were studied,in order to providewith the view of providing theoretical basis for chemical fertilizer reduction of winter wheat under drip irrigation and finding out,Conducted the best pattern to reduce fertilizer. 【Method】 The control was conventional farm household (N240P105K37.5) and blank treatment (N0P0K0),as the control, set up 4 fertilizer reduction treatments were set up to determine, the yield and composition, agronomic characters, dry matter and fertilizer use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation were investigated. 【Result】 Compared with conventional farmers, there were significant differences in yield, grain per spike and 1,000-grain weight among the four treatments, the highest yield was 9,673.54 kg/hm2 treated with T3, 36.8% of increase production. The trend of dry matter accumulation under reduced fertilization was consistent with conventional farmers and blank control, and it increased rapidly in the jointing stage, reaching the maximum value in the mature stage; Compared with T5, the dry matter transport before and after anthesis of T3 treatment increased by 30.2% and 29.4%, respectively; There were no significant differences in dry matter transport volume, transport rate and grain contribution rate among other treatments. The four indexes of spikelet number, panicle length, plant height and grain weight per panicle of T3 treatment were highest, which were 16.57, 6.69 cm, 84.87 cm and 2.13 g. The agricultural efficiency of N and P fertilizer increased from 1.6-20.19 kg/kg and 5.13-59.00 kg/kg, respectively, compared with control treatments. And the partial productivity increased from 2.25-45.53 kg/kg and from 5.13-116.91 kg/kg. 【Conclusion】 There was no significant effect on the yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation using fertilizer reduction, and the rational application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was beneficial to increase the yield. Comprehensive comparative analysis showed that T3 model (N240P52.5 K37.5) was more suitable in our area.

Select

Effects of Planting Density on Plant Characters, Ear Characters and Yield in Maize DANG Genyou, LI Xin, GUAN Yajing, ZHU Yongxing, LUO Xiangning, ZHANG Wenbo, WANG Zhaochuan 2022, 59(2): 337-343.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1607KB) ( )   【Objective】 To carry out field experiments by using spring maize cultivar Ningdan 41, Ning 1530, Ningyu 51, Xianyu 335, and four planting density treatments including D1(82,500 plants/hm2), D2(90,000 plants/hm2), D3(97,500 plants/hm2) and D4(105,000 plants/hm2) were designed. 【Methods】 The influence off our planting density treatments on ear characters and yield were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that with the increase of planting density,the bald tip length of ear characters were increased, while 11 ear characters (measured all ear characters except bald tip length) were decreased; The results also showed that the average coefficient of variation of each maize variety was bald tip length, 100 grain weight at the top of ear and the number of grains per row was highest, while the average coefficient of variation of row number per ear, ear diameter and seed yield rate was the smallest; the variation range of 100 grain weight in the upper ear was greater than that in the middle and lower part of ear; the decreasing range of grain number per row in long ear varieties was larger than that in middle and short ear varieties, and it was the most obvious when the density was above 97,500 plants /hm2. 【Conclusion】 With the increase of planting density, the number of effective panicles increased, while the number of grains per spike and 1,000 grain weight decreased significantly, the yields of Ning1530 and Ningyu 51 were the highest at the planting density of 10,5000 plants/hm2, and the yields of Ningdan 41 and Xianyu 335 were the highest at the planting density of 97,500 plants/hm2.

Select

Comprehensive Quality Analysis and Evaluation Oat Varieties under Dry Farming Conditions in Balluk Mountain FU Dongqing, WANG Yanchao, MAO Jiaxiang, YANG Fan, SONG Lei, ZHANG Fanfan, MA Chunhui 2022, 59(2): 344-352.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (876KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to select the best forage oat cultivars for the dry farming conditions in Balluk Mountain area of Tacheng, Xinjiang by analyzing the agronomic characters and nutritional quality indexes of 21 oat varieties. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design and repeated three times, with a total of 63 plots.The sowing rate was 240 kg / hm2, and the nitrogen application rate was 80 kg/hm2.The experiment was【Result】 The fresh grass yields of Baler II (25.28 t/hm2) and Haymaker (24.53 t/hm2) were the highest than those of other oat varieties (P < 0.05).Compared to others, Lena (12.48 t/hm2) and Denmark 440 (12.25 t/hm2) had the highest hay yield (P<0.05).The dry matter contents of Qinghai 444 (35.70%), Bayan 3 (36.13%) and Lena (36.24%) were the highest than other oat cultivars (P<0.05).The crude protein content of Baler (11.84%) and the ether extract content of Qingyan 1 were the highest than other oat cultivars (P<0.05).Bayan 3 (37.90%) and Sweet Oat (37.62%) had the lowest contents of neutral detergent fiber than other oat cultivars (P<0.05).The acid detergent fiber content of Charisma was the lowest (20.73%).The water soluble carbohydrates content of Bayan 3 (13.15%), the crude ash content of Longyan 3 (8.80%) and the relative feeding value of Bayan 3 (169.25) were the highest than other oat varieties (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive evaluation of six main indexes of agronomic characters and nutritional quality by membership function analysis, Bayan 3, Sweet Oats and Baler of medium maturity are the most suitable varieties for planting.

Select

Identification of Seed Oligosaccharide and Its Components and Screening for Elite Germplasms in Soybean LI Junru, QIN Ning, LI Wenlong, DU Hui, LI Xihuan, ZHANG Caiying 2022, 59(2): 353-360.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (934KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the genetic variation and correlation of soybean oligosaccharides and its component content and select the specific germplasm of oligosaccharides and its component content which will lay the material foundation for the genetic improvement of soybean oligosaccharides content. 【Methods】 In view of this, the contents of oligosaccharides and its components of 336 soybean varieties were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography method in this study, and the genetic variation and correlations between the components were analyzed, and also the elite germplasms were selected. 【Results】 The results showed that the sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and oligosaccharide contents in the soybeans were 4.01%, 1.16%, 2.60% and 7.77%, respectively, with the sucrose having the highest content. The coefficient of variation (CV%) was 15.21%, 25.51%, 19.16% and 9.04%, respectively, with the raffinose having the highest CV%. Meanwhile, the significant positive correlations between oligosaccharides and sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, the sucrose and raffinose were found; and the significant negative correlations between sucrose and raffinose, stachyose were also detected. Finally, the 336 soybean varieties were divided into three groups based on the contents of oligosaccharides and its components, and some elite germplasms with higher or lower contents were selected, such as the higher content variety Hujiao 282, Qingzadou, Hefeng 44, the lower content variety Binxianheidou, Ha12-4547, Suiwuxingdou 3, etc. 【Conclusion】 The determination method of soybean oligosaccharides and its components is optimized that can result in high efficient and stable separation; there are abundant genetic variations in the oligosaccharides and their contents in the tested population, which has great potential for selection; the selected specific germplasm lays a material foundation for conventional and molecular breeding of soybean oligosaccharides.

Select

Changes of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Wheat and Fruit Quality of Walnut under the Condition of Kernel-Wheat Intercropping Mode PIAO Hanqi, YU Xiaoe, OU Yuan, WANG Baoqing, CHEN Hong, HU Haifang 2022, 59(2): 361-369.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1345KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide theoretical support for the high yield and income increase of walnut and wheat by studying the light environmental characteristics of the roadway between 6a walnut tree and winter wheat and comparing the fruit quality difference between single planting walnut. 【Methods】 】LAI-2200C canopy analyzer and LI- 6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus were used to measure leaf area index (LAI) of walnut and photosynthetic physiological data of winter wheat at each period under the two modes. And after that, the difference of walnut fruit quality between intercropping gardens and single cropping gardens was analyzed. 【Results】 In each growing period of walnut, the leaf area index of monocultural orchard was higher than that of intercropping orchard. Light saturation points at different growth stages of winter wheat were shown as: filling stage > maturity stage > heading stage at flowering stage, and > filling stage at light compensation point at maturity stage, > at flowering stage, and > heading stage. In terms of dry fruit weight, horizontal, vertical and lateral diameter, intercropped walnut fruits were better than those of the monocropped fruits, but the yield, amino acid, fatty acid content and other indexes of the monocropped fruits were better than those of the intercropped fruits. 【Conclusion】 The leaf area index of walnut under intercropping condition is smaller than that of walnut under single cropping condition, and walnut fruit quality of monoculture is also better than that of intercropping orchard. Intercropping wheat photosynthetic physiological indexes are lower than those of monoculture wheat, so if we want to further improve the yield of walnut and wheat, the light environment in orchards should be changed, and the row planting space should be widened, or in other words, the orchards that are over 6a are not suitable for intercropping.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Forestry·Soil Fertilizer· Water Saving Irrigation·Agroecological Environment

Select

Effects of Different Bud Retention Rates on Growth, Yield and Quality of ‘厂’ Merlot Grape ZHONG Haixia, ZHOU Xiaoming, ZHANG Fuchun, PAN Mingqi, HAN Shouan, WU Xinyu 2022, 59(2): 370-376.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (930KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare and analyze the effects of different retention buds on the growth, yield and quality of the merlot grape in the hope of screening out the amount of buds suitable for the growth of the grape carp, and providing a scientific basis for the future application of the method of retaining fruit on the production of alfalfa grapes. 【Method】 6 years' merlot were taken as test materials, the form of a tree was set up, the mother branches distances were arranged 4, 6, 8 cm to determine the processing in fruit growth development period, the branches and pith roughness, fruit grain weight, total soluble solids and soluble sugar content, and the total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannin content such as quality index, and comparative analysis and conduct comprehensive evaluation. 【Result】 The results showed that different amounts of bud retention had an effect on the growth, yield and quality of merlot grapes.The vertical and horizontal diameter of the branches was the thickest at 6 cm, the medullary diameter was the smallest at 8 cm, the length of the fourth section was the shortest at 6 cm, and the length of the fourth section was the longest at 8 cm.The yield decreased with the increase of bud spacing, and the panicle weight increased slightly with the increase of bud spacing.The content of phenols, tannins and anthocyanins in fruits was the highest at 8 cm bud spacing, and the content of flavonoids was the highest at 6 cm.Overall, the yield of 6 cm treatment was moderate, and the yield and fruit quality of 8 cm treatment were good. 【Conclusion】 Plant-shaped merlot grapes with 8 cm bud spacing were more conducive to plant growth and fruit quality,which provides high quality raw materials for producing fine wines.

Select

Study on the Regularity of the Quality Change of Korla Fragrant Pear during the Growth Period GUO Hang, ZHANG Rui, WANG Zhi, QIAO Kunyun, YAN Nana, ZHAO Duoyong 2022, 59(2): 377-384.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1216KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare the differences in the sugar and acid content of Korla fragrant pears during the growth period of the three regions: KorlaAksu, Xinjiang and Jiuquan, Gansu, and explore the quality changes of the fruit during the growth period so as to provide references for quality control and reasonable harvest of fragrant pears. 【Method】 Korla fragrant pear fruits 100-150 d after flowering (secondary expansion and maturity) were collected, and direct titration was used to determine reducing sugar and total acid content, and high performance liquid chromatography to determine fructose, glucose and sucrose, and the contents of five organic acids: malic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, and fumaric acid, and finally their changes with fruit growth were explored. 【Results】 As the fruits continued to grow and mature, reducing sugar, fructose, and glucose showed a gradual increase trend.The fragrant pears in Korla and Aksu reached the maximum value of fructose at 140 d after flowering (150 d in Jiuquan); The glucose content of pears reached the maximum 120 d after flowering (130 d in Aksu and Jiuquan); the main organic acids such as malic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid showed a gradual decline, and the content of malic acid and tartaric acid reached the minimum 140 d after flowering (150 d in Jiuquan); the sugar-acid ratio increased from 29 at 100 days after flowering to 57 at 140 days.The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in ripe Korla fragrant pear fruits were 51.1, 51.0 and 0.83 mg/g; the contents of malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, and fumaric acid were 0.68, 0.20, 0.17, 0.15 and 0.04 mg/g, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The sugars in fragrant pear fruits are mainly fructose and glucose, which account for 99% of the three sugars.Organic acids are mainly malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid, the four of which account for 97% of the five organic acids.The ratio of sugar to acid reached the best ratio 140 days after flowering.It is recommended that the fragrant pears in Korla and Aksu should be harvested 140 days after flowering, and the fragrant pears in Jiuquan CityGansu should be harvested 150 days after flowering.

Select

Study on the Influence of Microclimate Factors on Grape Quality under Mist Control Technology CAI Junshe, LIU Hongbo, BAI Shijian, BAI Yungang, ZHANG Jianghui, ZHENG Ming, DING Ping 2022, 59(2): 385-395.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1830KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of microclimate on the quality of grape fruit under the control of mist, and to determine the way of mist control with high quality and high yield, so as to provide theoretical basis and data support for promoting water-saving and quality improvement of grape. 【Methods】 the basis of conventional drip irrigation, a micro spray mist control irrigation technology was formed by superposing with micro spray.Through monitoring the changes of temperature, humidity, fruit quality and other indicators in vineyard under the micro spray mist control, the response relationship between micro climate factors and grape fruit quality under the mist control was clarified. 【Results】 with CK treatment, the mean temperature in daytime was 1.5-3.0℃ lower, the mean temperature at night was 1.3-2.1℃ lower, the mean temperature difference was 0.1-1.6℃ lower, the mean temperature was 1.5-2.5℃ lower, the mean humidity in daytime was 5.7%-7.6%, the mean humidity at night was 4.7%-7.0%, and the mean humidity was 5.0%-7.0%.In terms of fruit quality, soluble solids content of WP1, WP2, WP3 and CK were 21.5%, 21.1%, 19.5% and 19.1% respectively, total sugar content was 19.1%, 18.2%, 17.9% and 17.5% respectively, total acid content was 4.0, 5.1, 5.9 and 6.4 g/L respectively, VC content was 2.8, 2.5, 2.5 and 2.1 μg/g respectively.Meanwhile, the fruit 0.26 higher than CK treatment In the process of grape fruit growth and development, the average humidity at night the key microclimate factor that the greatest impact.According to the correlation and regression model, when the average humidity at night 46.2%-51.1%, it beneficial to improve the quality of grape fruit. 【Conclusion】 the critical period of grape fruit growth, using the technology of mist control under the shelf and spraying water for 1 hour every day is beneficial to improve the quality of grape fruit, and the average humidity at night can be used to analyze and predict the growth and quality changes of grape fruit in this area.

Select

Effects of Different Concentrations of Foliar Fertilizer Treatment on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Protected Chinese Winter Jujube WANG Zhendong, CHEN Qiling, ZHENG Qiangqing, WANG Jingjing, WANG Wenjun 2022, 59(2): 396-402.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (848KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of spraying different concentrations of foliar fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and quality of winter jujube under the condition of arched shed cultivation. 【Methods】 The winter jujube was treated with different concentrations of foliar fertilizer in different plot experiments. 【Results】 (1) the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 of winter jujube leaves increased significantly when foliar fertilizer was applied at lower concentration.The concentration (Ci) of winter jujube leaves was significantly lower than that of the control; PN of winter jujube leaves under high concentration treatment was significantly higher than that of the control, TR was significantly reduced, Gs and Ci had no significant difference with the control; LSP, LCP, Pmax and AQY of winter jujube leaves increased first and then decreased with the decrease of treatment concentration.(2) The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv / Fm), the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), the apparent electron transfer rate (ETR) and the non photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of winter jujube increased first and then decreased with the decrease of foliar fertilizer concentration, but the non photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) changed in the opposite direction.(3) The treatment of foliar fertilizer increased the weight of single fruit, the vertical and horizontal diameter of fruit, increased the content of reducing sugar, total sugar and sucrose, while the content of vitamin C decreased.The total acid content of 0.005 g/L treatment increased compared with the control, which might be some acid substances that had not been transformed in time. 【Conclusion】 Spraying suitable concentration of foliar fertilizer enhances photosynthesis and improves fruit quality of winter jujube and the concentration of 0.005 g/L achieves the best effect for improving its photosynthesis and fruit quality.

Select

Dynamic Changes of Endogenous Benzoic Acid and Related Phenolic Acids in Jun Jujube FANG Xiaotong, FAN Yingying, LIU Fengjuan, XUE Peng, KANG Lu, TIAN Weina, WANG Cheng 2022, 59(2): 403-409.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1029KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this reaearch, the content change law of phenolic acids and the synthesis pathway for benzoic acid in Jun jujube in different periods were preliminarily determined. 【Methods】 In this study, HPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the content of phenolic acids related to benzoic acid synthesis in Jun jujube from three producing areas in Xinjiang, and Duncan's difference significance analysis method. 【Result】 The results showed that benzoic acid content accumulated with the growth timeThe content of trans cinnamic acid and benzoic acid in Junzao was the highest in Kashi area, reaching 69.25 mg/kgThe content of phenolic acidsin Jun jujube were as follows:benzoic acid>salicylic acid> p-coumaric acid>trans-cinnamic acid. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that benzoic acid produced by endogenous metabolism of Jun jujubehe content of four phenolic acids in Jun jujube from different producing areas was significantly different(P<0.05).

Select

Determination of StaphlococcusAureus in Food and Evaluation of the Fast Kit TAN Huilin, WU Zhonghong, JIN Yongseng, NIU Guiyang, BAO Dongdong, CHEN Haiyuan, ZHANG Zhidong 2022, 59(2): 410-416.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (666KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze content of Staphylococcus aureus in food samples, and evaluate the accuracy and operability of the rapid kit for S.aureus. 【Methods】 Apple chips in bulk and fruit corn in vacuum packaging were sampled, and S.aureus was determined by the method in GB 4789,10-2006 and the rapid kit.S.aureus was taken as the target bacteria, artificial contamination treatments were used, and according to the Technical Specification for Evaluation of Rapid Food Testing Methods, the indexes of the rapid detection kit for S.aureus were evaluated. 【Results】 The highest content of S.aureus in samples of apple chips and fruit corn was 20 and 45 CFU/g, respectively, which were lower than the limit of pathogens in related foods.The sensitivity, specificity, false-negative rate, false-positive rate and relative accuracy of the kit were 93%, 100%, 6.6%, 0, and 96.7%, respectively.Significant difference was not found between the rapid kit and the reference method. 【Conclusion】 The rapid kit is easy to operate and detect S.aureus accurately, which is suitable for fast checks.

Select

Effects of Exogenous Put Treatment on Chilling Injury and Quality of Yellow Melon Fruits AN Luming, LI Xuewen, PAN Yan, XU Bin, MENG Xintao, ZHANG Ting 2022, 59(2): 417-424.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1222KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the control effects of exogenous putrescine (Put) treatment on chilling injury of yellow melon fruits and select the appropriate exogenous Put treatment concentration. 【Method】 Xinmi 3 yellow melon fruits were studied as the test material, which were treated with four different concentrations of external Put at 0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mmol/L, and placed at 5℃ and 75%-80% relative humidity.The chilling injury index was counted regularly, and weight loss rate, color, hardness, soluble solids, ascorbic acid and cell membrane permeability of yellow melon fruits were measured during the storage period. 【Result】 The result showed that 2 mmol/L exogenous Put could significantly control the occurrence of chilling injury, maintain the firmness, delay the color change, inhibit the increase of cell membrane permeability, and keep the soluble solids (SSC) and ascorbic acid (VC) content at the higher level of yellow melon fruits. 【Conclusion】 2 mmol/L exogenous Put treatment can effectively control the occurrence of chilling injury of yellow melon fruits.This result provides a theoretical basis for the regulation of chilling injury of melon fruit in production.

Select

Identification of Pathogen Causing Sugar Beet Gibellulopsis Yellow Wilt Based on Multiple Gene Sequence Analysis ZHAO Zhiqiang, ZHANG Luhui, ZHAO Quanxin, GUO Qingyuan 2022, 59(2): 425-432.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1298KB) ( )   【Objective】 To identify the pathogenic species for this disease and determine the disease name can lay a foundation for the prevention and control of disease. 【Method】 A conventional tissue isolation method was employed to isolate and purify the tissues of the sugar beet plants with the disease; the pathogenicity of pure-culture strains of the pathogen was determined with a toothpick inoculation method; the pathogen was identified according to the morphological characteristics and the results of multiple-gene sequence analysis. 【Result】 The isolated strain had the similar characteristic on cultural, conidiophores, conidia and chlamydospores to the reported Gibellulopsis nigrescens; Construction of phylogenetic based on ITS, LSU and ACT sequences showed that the strain BV4 and G. nigrescens were grouped into one branch and the homology were 99%, 99% and 100% with G. nigrescens, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In brief, G. nigrescensis identified as the pathogen causing the wilt of sugar beet in the Xinjiang region, and the disease can be named Gibellulopsis yellow wilt disease of sugar beet.

Select

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Nutrients in Irrigated Desert Soil of Eastern Xinjiang YANG Jinyu, XU Yongmei, SUN Jiusheng 2022, 59(2): 433-440.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (929KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effects of different fertilizer patterns on soil fertility. 【Method】 Soil fertility was analyzed based on a long-term field trial on the irrigation desert soil in the base of Turpan, eastern Xinjiang.There were five fertilizer treaments: bare land(CK),M,NPK and NP+1/2M,1/4NP+1/3M. 【Result】 1) The contents of organic matter in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil were significantly higher than those in other fertilization treatments, and the contents of total nitrogen and available nitrogen in 0-20 cm surface soil were significantly higher than those in other treatments; 2) The contents of organic matter in the surface and subsurface layers were significantly lower than those in the other treatments except that the content of available potassium was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly lower than those in other treatments, but there was no difference in the content of 20-40 cm in subsurface layer.3) The results showed that the total nitrogen and organic matter contents in 0-20 cm soil were significantly higher than those in NP and CK0 treatments.The contents of total nitrogen and available phosphorus in subsurface 20-40 cm soil showed no difference compared with other treatments, but available potassium was significantly lower than that of other fertilization treatments.The contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available P in surface soil of NP + 1/2M treatment were significantly higher than those of CK0 treatment.4) The contents of available N in CK0 were the lowest and significantly lower than those in other treatments.5) The contents of organic matter and available N in the surface soil were higher than those in the subsurface layer.The contents of total nitrogen and available P in the subsurface layer of NP treatment were higher than those in the surface layer.The content of available potassium in the subsurface layer was higher than that in the surface layer in the treatment of reducing the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer (1/4NP+1/3M). 【Conclusion】 Therefore, in the irrigated desert soil area of eastern Xinjiang, reducing the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer and appropriate ratio can still maintain soil nutrients at a high level, which is the recommended fertilization method in irrigated desert soil area.The nutrient content of each treatment changes with soil depths, and different fertilization has a strong impact on the shallow soil environment.

Prataculture·Storage and Preservation Processing·Microbes

Select

Effects of Land Use Patterns on Soil Liable Organic Carbon and Dissolved Organic Carbon in Typical Arid Desert Oasis Area WANG Weixia, Aliya Alimu, YANG Guang, WANG Zhenxi 2022, 59(2): 441-450.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1138KB) ( )   【Objective】 To exolore the effects of the conversion of farmland to orchard or agroforestry on soil total organic carbon (TOC), liable organic carbon (LOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in typical arid desert oasis area. 【Method】 In Aksu area, the soils of wheat, jujube orchard and jujube-wheat intercropping were collected to determine the soil TOC, LOC and DOC content. 【Result】 In the 0-100 cm soil layer, the means of soil TOC content under different land use patterns were shown as follows: Jujube orchard > Jujube-wheat intercropping > wheat, while the soil LOC and DOC content were shown as follows: Jujube-wheat intercropping > Jujube orchard > wheat. After the conversion from farmland to jujube orchard or jujube-wheat intercropping, the soil TOC, LOC and DOC content were all increased significantly (P<0.05). The distribution ratios of LOC and DOC were shown as: The distribution ratio of LOC in each soil layer was reduced after the change from farmland to jujube orchard. After the conversion from farmland to jujube-wheat intercropping, the distribution ratio of LOC in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers were reduced, while the remaining soil layers were increased. However, the distribution ratio of DOC exhibit an initial decrease followed by an increase with an increase of the soil depth. Correlation analysis showed that the LOC and DOC content of the wheat, jujube orchard and jujube-wheat intercropping had a significant positive correlation with soil TOC content under different land use patterns (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 It is found that the conversion of farmland to orchard improved the stability of soil organic carbon and promoted the accumulation of soil organic carbon, while the conversion from farmland to jujube-wheat intercropping only improved the stability of soil organic carbon in the 0-20 cm soil layer.

Select

Hyperspectral Inversion of Leaf Area Index in Mountain Steppe Ecosystems Based on the PROSAIL Model YUN Jing, ZHENG Fengling, AN Shazhou, Asiya Manlike, LI Chao, , TIAN Cong 2022, 59(2): 451-457.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (855KB) ( )   【Objective】 Therefore, the monitoring of dynamic changes in natural grasslands is important for both ecology and agriculture. 【Method】 This study focused on the impact of changes in plant species on the inversion accuracy.Spectral data for two mountain steppe plots were collected using a spectrometer over three years and concurrently, supporting data were obtained. 【Result】 The results showed that when the physical model PROSAIL was used to invert the mountain steppe LAI, the inversion error was very large for a single solution.Adding random noise and averaging multiple solutions when solving significantly improved the LAI inversion accuracy.The coefficient of determination (R2) for the LAI inversion for most cost functions was between 0.54 and 0.55, root mean square error (RMSE) was between 0.23 and 0.25, and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) was between 17 and 19.In nine cost functions from different statistical types, the inversion accuracy of the commonly used RMSE cost function was relatively low.The 427 samples obtained were divided into four groups according to the number of species.The inversion results indicated that a greater number of species corresponded to an increasing RMSE, decreasing R2, and poorer LAI inversion accuracy, although the precision decrease was not uniform.Groups with up to two species and groups with up to three species had the greatest difference in inversion accuracy. 【Conclusion】 When using physical model to invert LAI of natural grassland, the precision of inversion obtained by different cost functions is different.As the number of vegetation species increases, the precision of inversion decreases.

Select

Effects of Vibration on Mechanical Damage and Storage Quality of Hami Melon during Transportation JI Feng, LI Zhiyuan, SHANG Zhiyong, ZHANG Lianwen 2022, 59(2): 458-465.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1369KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of vibration of different intensity on mechanical damage and storage quality of Hami melon during transportation with the view of providing some theoretical basis for finding ways to reduce the influence of transportation vibration on storage quality of the fruit. 【Method】 In this study, the vibration conditions of Hami melon during transportation were simulated and the packaging was arranged as half basket packing and whole basket packing.After that, the mechanical damage of cantaloupe was analyzed after 2 h, 4 h and 6 h vibration treatment.The weight loss, soluble solids, hardness, pectin content and related hydrolases were determined and analyzed. 【Result】 On the 12 d after harvesting, the commodity rate of the half-basket treated for 6 h (T3) dropped to the lowest, at 70.00%, the rot index was 0.96, and its hardness was reduced by 12.64% compared with the control; on the 9 d of harvesting, the half-basket was vibrated for 6h The weight loss rate of the treatment (T3) increased the most compared with the control, with an increase of 8.1%. The soluble solid content of each treated cantaloupe ranged from 13.91% to 16.52%, and the overall change trend was small. In addition, the average number of damages per fruit was the highest in the half-frame vibration treatment (T3), reaching 4.65g, and the damage area was 4.34% at most. Vibration also induced a large accumulation of pectin esterase (PE) and polygalacturonase (PG), especially on the 9 d of harvesting, the PE and PG of the half-basket vibrating for 6h treatment (T3) increased respectively relative to the control. 224.13% and 361.29%, the content of protopectin and total pectin, the main components of the cell wall, decreased rapidly. In addition, the research results also believe that compared with the half-basket packaging method, the full-basket packaging method will reduce the mechanical damage of fruits during storage and transportation. 【Conclusion】 Transportation vibration not only causes mechanical damage of Hami melon, but also causes rapid softening and reduces storage quality.In addition, compared with half-basket treatment, full-basket packaging can reduce the mechanical damage of the melon caused by transportation vibration and improve the commodity value.

Select

Study on Electroantennogram and Behavioral Response of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis to 9 Volatiles in Sugar-Vinegar Liquid LI Mingjie, WANG Shaoshan 2022, 59(2): 466-473.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1032KB) ( )   【Objective】 To elucidate the reason why Potosia brevitarsis Lewis is attracted to sugar-vinegar liquid, and to search for compounds with attractant activity to Potosia brevitarsis Lewis. 【Method】 EAG and “Y”-typed olfactometer were used to tested the EAG and behavioral response of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis. 【Result】 Potosia brevitarsis Lewis contained EAG reaction to 9 volatiles of sugar-vinegar liquid, and the female and male adults had higher EAG reaction values to ethyl valerate, 2, 2, 4, 6, 6-pentamethyl-heptane and furfural, the male adults also had higher EAG reaction values to ethyl lactate and hexanoic acid.The analysis of “Y”-typed olfactometer showed that 2, 2, 4, 6, 6- pentamethyl-heptane and ethyl lactate had good attraction to both male and female adults of the Potosia brevitarsis Lewis.There were gender differences in the selection of furfural and hexanoic acid between female and male adults.Furfural had a good attraction to female adults, but male adults had no obvious tendency to them and hexanoic acid had a good attraction to male adults, while female adults had no obvious tropism to them. 【Conclusion】 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-heptane, ethyl lactate, furfural and hexanoic acid can be used as the components of the attractant formula for the Potosia brevitarsis Lewis.

Select

Soil Microbial Ecological Evaluation of Walnut with Different Planting Years Based on Principal Component-Cluster Analysis GU Meiying, XU Wanli, MA Kai, Otkur Mahmut, ZHANG Zhidong, ZHU Jing, TANG Qiyong, CHU Min, ZHANG Lijuan 2022, 59(2): 474-484.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1245KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the soil microbial ecology of walnut in different planting years in southern Xinjiang with a view to provided reference for the analysis of soil degradation and soil microbial ecological health in walnut orchard. 【Method】 Using the method of space-time substitution, walnut trees in Yecheng area were selected as the research object, the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, microbial quantities and soil enzyme activities in time (5,8-10,15,20-25 planting years) and space (at different soil depths) were analyzed, and the principal component-cluster analysis was used for evaluation. 【Result】 With the extension of the planting years of walnut, pH of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soils showed an overall acidification trend. The contents of total salt and other nutrients except available phosphorus showed obvious trend of surface accumulation, and the contents of total nitrogen and organic matter decreased at first and then increased. The number of soil cultural bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi also showed trend of surface accumulation. With the extension of planting years of walnut, the number of soil bacteria increased first and then decreased, and the numbers of actinomycetes and fungi increased. The activities of soil urease and sucrase decreased with the increase of soil depth, but there was no obvious change rule with different planting years. Principal component-cluster analysis showed that the comprehensive score of 0-20 cm soil microbial ecology ranked as walnut planting for 15 years > 20-25 years > 8-10 years > 5 years. The comprehensive score of 20-40 cm soil microbial ecology ranked as walnut planting for 20-25 years > 8-10 years > 15 years > 5 years. 【Conclusion】 The microbial ecological conditions of walnut planted in 5 years were the worst. The soil microbial ecological conditions were the best for 15 years of 0-20 cm surface soil and 20-40 cm subsurface soil.

Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization·Facility Agriculture·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

Select

Prediction Model of Tomato Fruit Diameter in Greenhouses Based on PCA-BPNN HAN Kunlin, WANG Zhaoying, YANG Huimin, CHEN Yifei, JIANG Yongxin, ZHANG Jiaxi 2022, 59(2): 485-492.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1672KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the dynamic prediction model of tomato fruit diameter variation in greenhouse, which can provide certain decision support for the law of water and fertilizer required by tomatoes. 【Methods】 Based on the fruit diameter as the research object, with five of tomato fruit enlargement period data as a model, using principal component analysis (PCA) to perform the plant physiological ecology and environment information analysis, extract the main ingredients, again with the principal components as independent variables, output variables as the dependent variable, to establish BP neural network regression dynamic prediction model including air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture content, leaf temperature and fruit diameter. In addition, the data measured in the fruit expansion period of 3 tomato plants were used as the test data to predict and compare the predicted and measured values. 【Results】 The first decision coefficient for tomato plant predicted and the measured values (R2) was 0.964, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.238; The second tomato plant decision coefficient of the predicted values and the measured values (R2) was 0.960, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.051; The first three decision coefficient of tomato predicted and the measured values (R2) was 0.951, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.047. 【Conclusion】 The model can predict the change of tomato fruit diameter in the greenhouse in a short time, and it can be used to predict the change of tomato fruit diameter in the autumn in the greenhouse in Xinjiang. The water and fertilizer can be fine-tuned according to the difference between the predicted value and the actual measurement.

Select

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Heat Transfer in Solar Greenhouse of Mortar Block Composite Wall and Brick Wall in Xinjiang MA yuehong, Li bao ming, Li huishuang 2022, 59(2): 493-501.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1360KB) ( )   【Objective】 Sunlight greenhouse wall heat transfer process is a complex diverse architectural heat physical process. In order to comprehensively analyze the caloric transfer mechanism of solar greenhouse wall, and discuss about the caloric transfer law of the wall, a new two-dimensional heat transfer model is established in this research to simulate and optimize the structure of solar greenhouse. 【Methods】 Simulation of temperature distribution and flow distribution with ansys analysis software, UG software is used to shape solar greenhouses, The structure of top insulation quilt and skeleton is simplified properly, the computational domain is divided into two parts that include internal air and external air. Then the DO radiation model and turbulence model are used to simulate,using CFX-Post calculation processing,the temperature cloud map is obtained. 【Results】 The solar greenhouse wall is a two-dimensional unsteady heat conduction with periodic nonlinear condition internal and external disturbances, the temperature inside the solar greenhouse of two kinds of walls is higher at fourteen o'clock during the day, above 12.0℃,the temperature difference between the walls is small,the convection heat transfer is not obvious. At three o'clock in the night,there is a high temperature area of height 2.2 m、temperature 11.2℃ in the upper part of the block composite wall solar greenhouse floor.With the same distance from the surface of the north wall, the temperature value of block composite wall solar greenhouse is higher than that of brick wall, the farther away from wall surface, the temperature difference between the two solar greenhouses decreases gradually, but the solar greenhouse temperature of block composite wall is always higher than that of brick wall. And over time, the temperature difference between the two solar greenhouses increases gradually, by six o'clock in the night, the temperature of brick wall is lower than that of indoor, there is no heat dissipation; the temperature of block composite wall is still higher than that of indoor,continue to dissipate heat.The simulation results show that the roof and ridge height are the parts with more heat loss. 【Conclusion】 This numerical simulation, comparing the temperature distribution and changing trend of two kinds of greenhouse walls, shows that the thermal performance of the block composite wall solar greenhouse is obviously better than that of the brick wall solar greenhouse, which is the same as the actual cultivation test results, this research provides scientific and reasonable method and basis for the design, construction and maintenance of solar greenhouse wall.

Select

Variation in the Spatial Structure of Ecological Land Use and Its Ecosystem Service Value in Kashgar Prefecture from 1978 to 2018 WANG Jianping, Aynur Mamat, PANG Zhaoyue, MA Yuanxu 2022, 59(2): 502-511.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1779KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to analyze the impacts of the ecosystem service function change on ecological construction and regional sustainable development in arid areas, and through this to provide scientific basis and practical reference for land use planning, ecological civilization construction and regional sustainable development of Kashgar Prefecture. 【Methods】 【Results】 (1) From 1978 to 2018, significant land use change happened in Kashgar. During the process of land use change, the area of cultivated land, forest land, wetland, construction land and sandy land increased while the area of grassland, water land, unused land and salinized land decreased. (2) From 1978 to 2018, the value of ecosystem services in Kashgar showed a "reducing-increasing-decreasing" trend, and the whole study period exhibited a decreasing trend. The total value of ecosystem services decreased from 593.2×108 Yuan in 1978 to 585.1×108 Yuan in 1988, and then increased to 592.9×108 Yuan in 1998 then decreased to 552.7×108 Yuan in 2018 again. (3) The analysis of the ecosystem service function composition indicated that the water supply and waste treatment function were the top ecological functions with high service value, while the food production and raw material function were the two low ecological functions with small service value. The result indicated that, the Kashgar ecosystem function belonged to regulating function. (4) From 1978 to 2018, the sensitivity index of ecosystem service value of each land type in Kashgar was less than 1, indicating that the value of ecosystem service in Kashgar lacked elasticity. 【Conclusion】 The study results indicated that, in the past 41 years, the land use change in Kashgar has coincided with social and economic construction activities, which explained that the application of the Eco-service value coefficient of Xie Gaodi in this study is helpful to the quantitatively analysis of the ecological effects of the land use structure change in Kashgar Prefecture.

Select

Study on the Differences of Serum Hormones, Biochemical Indexes and Ovarian Development between the High and Low Egg Production of Xinjiang Yili Geese WU Yingping, YANG Yifan, LI Haiying, ZHAO Xiaoyu, MA Yanhan, TAO Meini 2022, 59(2): 512-520.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.030 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1245KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the differences of serum reproductive hormones, biochemical indicators and ovarian development between the high and low egg production of Xinjiang Yili geese in the hope of providing reference for the assisted selection of egg production traits of Xinjiang Yili geese. 【Methods】 20 geese were selected from the high and low egg production period, respectively, and their serum parameters were measured.Then 10 Yili geese were slaughtered from the high and low egg production groups, and their ovaries were taken for histological observation. 【Results】 (1) In terms of reproductive hormone,compared with LEP group,the levels of GnRH, LH, FSH, E2 and P4 in the serum of Xinjiang Yili geese in HEP group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01while the level of PRL was no significantly (P > 0.05).(2) In terms of serum biochemical with LEP group, ALP and ALT activities, TP, Cr, UA, Glu, TG, Ca and Pi contents in HEP group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), BUN contents significantly increased (P<0.05), while TC contents was no significantly (P > 0.05).(3) In terms of ovary section, the follicles of Yili geese in HEP group developed actively at all levels, with more growing follicles, smooth and round follicles, thick granular layer and film layer, while the follicles of Yili geese in LEP group lacked dominant follicles, with more primitive follicles and primary follicles, and some of them sunken and atrophied inward. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, there are significant differences in serum parameters and ovarian development between Xinjiang Yili geese with high and low egg production.In addition, in terms of reproductive hormones, GnRH, LH, FSH, E2 and P4 were higher; In terms of biochemical indexes, the high level of ALP and ALT activity and the contents of TP, Cr, UA, GLU, TG, CA, Pi and BUN can be used as serum parameters for high-yield egg breeding of Xinjiang Yili goose.This study can provide reference for the assisted breeding of Xinjiang Yili.