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20 April 2022, Volume 59 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Germplasm Resources
Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering
Plant Protection
Genetic Engineering·Prataculture·Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian


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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Germplasm Resources

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KASP Marker Assays for Functional Genes of Disease Resistance Traits in 458 Wheat Cultivars (Lines) WANG Zhong, ZHANG Hongzhi, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, WANG Lihong, LI Jianfeng, FAN Zheru, ZHAO Qi, ZHANG Yueqiang 2022, 59(4): 781-786.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (762KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the distribution of functional genes for disease resistance of different wheat varieties (lines) and clarify the in the hope of providing theoretical basis for wheat disease resistance breeding. 【Method】 458 wheat varieties (lines) were detected by KASP through one powdery mildew resistance molecular marker (Pm21), one stripe rust resistance molecular marker (Yr15) and two leaf rust resistance molecular markers (Lr14a and Lr68). 【Result】 There were 2 Pm21 carried lines, 14 Yr15 carried lines, 22 Lr14a carried lines and 48 Lr68 carried lines in 458 wheat cultivars (lines). 【Conclusion】 The distribution frequency of resistance genes in Xinjiang wheat varieties (lines) was about 5% and the 86 lines selected can be used as the parents for resistance breeding of wheat in Xinjiang.

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Effects of Dripping Amount under Equal-Row Dense Planting on the Population Growth Characteristics of Different Drought-Resistant Cotton Varieties ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Xianqiu, TIAN Yu, HAN Huanyong, WANG Fangyong, LUO Honghai 2022, 59(4): 787-796.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (817KB) ( )   【Objective】 To precisely formulate cotton field moisture management system under equal row spacing and close planting and reveal the efficient production mechanism of machine-picked cotton.【Method】 The cotton varieties Xinluzao 22 (P22) with strong drought resistance (P22) and Xinluzao 17 (P17) with weak drought resistance were selected as the tested varieties, and in the machine-harvesting mode of equal row spacing, 3,000 (W1), 3,900 (W2) and 4,800 (W3) m3/hm2 treatment levels were set to measure and analyze the crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), cotton boll growth rate (BGR) and leaf area loading boll (LAB) under different treatments.【Result】 With the increase of dripping water, cotton CGR, NAR, BGR and LAB all showed a significant upward trend.Among them, there was no significant difference between W2 and W3 treatments in the BGR from P22 to the late blooming stage, but all were significantly lower than W1 Treatment: The BGR of P17 increased significantly with the increase of dripping water in each growth period.Among cultivars, the CGR, NAR, and LAB of P22 were 12.8%-18.2%, 12.3%-12.9%, 10.3%-12.2% higher than P17 from the full flowering stage to the late full boll stage, and the BGR was in the full bloom stage, full boll stage.In the later period, it was 11.9%-30.4% higher than P17.Correlation analysis showed that the BGR in the late blooming period was significantly positively correlated with BGR and LAB in the blooming period, and CGR, NAR, and BGA in the blooming period were all significantly positively correlated.【Conclusion】 Under the condition of equal row spacing and close planting, the selection of drought-resistant cotton varieties under the condition of 3,900 m3/hm2 is beneficial to maintain a higher population growth rate and boll growth rate in the late stage of blooming to full boll, and promote photosynthetic production to cotton bolls.

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Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts and Densities on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Membrane-Free Cotton LI Tongrui, GAO Zhen, WANG Jichuan, SHI Yuanqiang, LIU Qiang, ZHOU Xiang, CHEN Xuemei, WANG Zhenyang 2022, 59(4): 797-809.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2097KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of irrigation amount and planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of drip irrigation membrane-free cotton.【Method】 Field tests designed by the two-factor split zone were carried out with "medium 619" as the test material, the main area was irrigation amount, which was 3,000 m3/hm2 (W1), 4,500 m3/hm2 (W2) and 6,000 m3/hm2 (W3), respectively; the sub-area was density, which was 29.24×104/hm2(M1), 26.32×104/hm2 (M2), 23.92×104/hm2 (M3) and 21.93×104/hm2 (M4), respectively, to study the dynamics of membrane-free cotton population leaf area index (LAI), photolysis indicators and yield differences.【Results】 Full-blooming stage was the maximum period of filmless cotton LAI and photolysis function, and the LAI increased with density and irrigation amount.The LAI change of W2M3treatment was more stable and higher in the later stage.The LAI of W3M1 treatment was the highest, but it decreased rapidly after the full flowering stage.Suitable irrigation and reasonable density were beneficial to the improvement of photosynthetic function of leaves.The treatments W2M3, W2M4 and W3M3 had higher Pn, Gs and Tr and lower Ci at full flowering stage, and the diurnal photosynthetic "midday depression" was not obvious, and its maximum values were 29.10-32.15 μmolCO2/(m 2·s), 0.91-1.07 mol/(m2·s), 12.78-13.87 mmolH2O /(m2·s) and 112.1-131.0 μmolCO2/mol, respectively, and the yield reached a high level of 6,890.71-7,496.79 kg/hm2.Although the LAI and photosynthetic index of W3M4 treatment were higher, they decreased too fast in the later stage, while the W1M1 showed the lowest, indicating that too high or too low irrigation and density were not conducive to the improvement of photosynthetic function of leaves.The effects of irrigation amount and density on leaf growth and photosynthetic index had interaction effect, and the effect of density was higher than that of water.【Conclusion】 Through analysis, the suitable irrigation amount and planting density in this region are 4,500-6,000 m3/hm2 and 21.93×104-23.62×104/hm2.The highest yield is 7,508.82 kg/hm2 when the irrigation amount is 5,034.73 m3/hm2 and the planting density is 24.63 × 10 4 /hm2.

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Effects of Rhizobium Inoculation Methods on Growth and Nodulation of Multiple Sowing Soybeans XU Yue, LI Ling, XU Yaxin, HUANG Xingjun, WU Quanzhong, CHEN Guodong, ZHAI Yunlong 2022, 59(4): 810-817.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (727KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of different rhizobia inoculation.【Method】 On the growth and nodulation of the multiple sowing soybean, three rhizobia strains (NW5-3, SN7-2 and SMH12) were used as materials, and three inoculation methods of seed fertilizer, application with drip irrigation and seed dressing were carried out on soybean Xindou 8 in southern Xinjiang, the nodule number, nodule dry weight, plant traits, yield and the yield components were measured.【Result】 Inoculation of rhizobia could promote root nodulation and growth of soybean, and the SN7-2 performed better than the SMH12 and NW5-3.Among the inoculation methods, the seed dressing treatment of rhizobia was the most suitable, followed by application with dripping water.Among them, the optimal yield of the seed dressing SN7-2 treatment combination reached 3,575.23 kg/hm2, seed dressing SMH12 treatment combination yield second reached 3,376.03 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】 Under the experimental conditions, the most suitable match was the combination of seed dressing with rhizobia SN7-2 and SMH-12, followed by drip application with rhizobia SN7-2.

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Effects of Biochar Input on Soil Organic Carbon and Maize Growth WANG Zhenguo, MA Yuanyuan, WANG Xina, LIU Shaoquan, GU Chaofeng, JI Qiang 2022, 59(4): 818-826.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (987KB) ( )   【Objective】 Based on its abundant micro-pore structure, specific surface area and aromatic functional group, Biochar can effectively increase the stability of soil organic carbon and improve soil quality.【Methods】 In this study, no exogenous carbon input was used as control (CK), the effects of different exogenous carbon input (straw 1%-Str1.0, straw 3%-Str3.0, straw10%-Str10.0, bio-carbon 0.8%-BC0.8, bio-carbon 2.4%-BC2.42, bio-carbon 8.0%-BC8.0) on soil water content, soil organic carbon content, maize chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and yield were studied.【Results】 The results showed that compared with CK treatment, biochar input significantly increased the soil moisture content at the stage of leaf-pulling, jointing, flowering and ripening of maize by 0.38%-3.64%,1.57%-15.57%, 0.37%-3.88%, respectively (P<0.05) ; After biochar input, soil organic carbon increased by 72.21%-99.45% in different growth stages of maize, while straw input increased soil organic carbon by 30.78%-41.38% in different growth stages of maize and the effects of biochar on the chlorophyll content (SPAD) of maize were increased by 13.33% and 0.07% at flowering stage and maturity stage, respectively.Compared with CK treatment, the net photosynthetic rate of maize at different growth stages increased by 15.99%-29.11% under biochar input, and the biggest increase was at flowering stage.Compared with CK treatment, corn yield was increased by 15.71% and 18.80% under the condition of biochar (BC0.8 and BC2.4).【Conclusion】 The biochar BC0.8 and Str10.0 could effectively fertilize soil, promote corn growth and increase yield.

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Responses of Seeds of Different Fragrant Rice Varieties to NaCl Stress in Germination and Seedling Stages DU Xiaojing, ZHANG Yanhong, LÜ Yuping, YUAN Jie, LI Dong, ZHAO Zhiqiang, Buhaliqem Abliz, WANG Fengbin 2022, 59(4): 827-838.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1157KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen the salt tolerant varieties suitable for the salinized rice area in Xinjiang by exploring the salt tolerance of different fragrant rice cultivars.【Method】 The effects of different NaCl concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g/L) on seed germination and seedling growth of 20 aromatic rice varieties were studied.【Result】 The results showed that the germination potential, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root number, survival rate and leaf survival rate of different aroma rice varieties all decreased with the increase of NaCl concentrations. Medium salt concentration and high salt concentration (9 g/L, 12 g/L) significantly inhibited the seed germination, reduced the seed germination potential and its germination rate, shortened the length of shoots and roots, and decreased the root number, resulting in an increase in the salt damage index; The salt tolerance performance of different rice materials was different under the same salt concentration treatment.【Conclusion】 Through comprehensive analysis, it was concluded that the suitable NaCl salt concentration for screening at the bud stage and seedling stage of aroma-type rice varieties could be 6 g/L, exceeding the concentration would be detrimental to the germination and seedling growth of rice; The Liangxiang 6-4 fragrance variety has good comprehensive salt tolerance at the bud stage and seedling stage, 97-4-3, Liangxiang 2-1, Xincejing 1, Xinjingxiang 1, Xinjiangxiang 83 and Xinjiangxiang 8 have strong salt tolerance at the bud stage, and the above fragrant rice varieties can be used as salt-tolerant fragrant rice varieties or resources.

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Effect of Rhizobia Inoculation on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Chickpea under Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction HUANG Guibin, GUAN Yaobing, NIU Yongqi, ZHOU Lilei, ZHAO Yongfeng 2022, 59(4): 839-846.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (746KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the effect of rhizobia inoculation on the growth and development of chickpea and the effect of nitrogen fixation under reduced nitrogen fertilizer.【Methods】 Using Muying1 as the test material, set C1 (rhizobium A, 1/2 nitrogenfertilizer), C2 (rhizobium B, 1/2 nitrogenfertilizer), C3 (rhizobium A. No nitrogen fertilizer), C4 (rhizobium B, no nitrogen fertilizer), CK1 (no inoculation, total nitrogen fertilizer), CK2 (no inoculation, 1/2 nitrogenfertilizer), CK3 (no inoculation, no nitrogen fertilizer). A total of 7 treatments, measuring the nodule fresh weight, chlorophyll content, dry weight and and its constituent factors of chickpeas in each treatment. 【Results】 The fresh weight of rhizobia inoculated treatment increased significantly, and the dry matter accumulation showed: C1>C2> CK1> CK2> C3> C4> CK3 in the later biological stage. As the growth period progressed, inoculation with rhizobia increased the chlorophyll content. Main stem pods, seeds per plant, grain weight per plant and yield of chickpea under C1 and C2 treatments increased. The yield under the C1 treatment was 1,928.84 kg/hm2, which was 8.83% higher than that of the total nitrogen control; the yield under C2 treatment was 1,827.59 kg/hm2, with an increase of 3.11%.【Conclusion】 It is possible to achieve stable yield or even increase the yield of chickpea under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by inoculation of rhizobia, and 1/2 nitrogen fertilizer plus rhizobia A has the best effect.

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Preliminary Construction of Chickpea Drought Resistance Core Germplasm Based on Agronomic Traits NIE Shihui, WANG Xian, PENG Lin, JI Liang 2022, 59(4): 847-854.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (655KB) ( )   【Objective】 Years of field trials and germplasm genetic diversity analysis screened out 100 germplasms with excellent drought resistance performance as test materials, combined with field drought resistance identification, the chickpea drought resistance core resource bank was initially constructed with a view to provide basic materials for drought resistant germplasm utilization of chickpea in the later stage.【Methods】 By comparing random sampling, site priority sampling, deviation sampling strategy and sampling ratio, the variation retention of agronomic traits in each core subset was evaluated by means of mean difference percentage, variance difference percentage, extreme difference coincidence rate and variation rate of coefficient of variation, and the final strategy of constructing drought-resistant core library was selected. In addition to that, the core database of drought resistant germplasm of chickpea was determined by principal component analysis.【Results】 There was no significant difference in diversity between the core collection constructed with the site-first sampling method at 40% sampling ratio and the original collection. And the coincidence rate of the mean value of each trait of the tested germplasm with the original germplasm was greater than 96.33%, and the coincidence rate of the coefficient of variation was greater than 97.25%, which was better than the other two sampling strategies.The four principal components of principal component analysis contained more than 85% genetic diversity information of each quality trait, and 40 core germplasm resources constructed could represent the genetic diversity of the original germplasm resources. 【Conclusion】 Under the site-priority sampling strategy, the chickpea drought-tolerant core germplasm bank established with a sampling ratio of 40% can represent the genetic diversity of the original germplasm resources.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering

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Study on the Malate Metabolism of Cabernet Sauvignon Grape under Inverted L Shape Canopy Type ZHOU Xiaoming, ZHANG Fuchun, ZHONG Haixia, ZHANG Wen, HAN Shouan, WU Xinyu, PAN Mingqi 2022, 59(4): 855-862.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1676KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the accumulation and metabolism of malate in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes under the inverted L shape canopy type.【Method】 On the basis of the inversed L-VSP trellis, a VSP shape and two kinds of inverted L shape canopy types were set up to detect the changes of organic acids such as malate and the activities of malate metabolism related enzymes during the ripening of Cabernet Sauvignon fruits.【Result】 Two inverted L shape canopy types reduced the temperature of the fruit-zone microenvironment by 0.8℃ and 1.5℃ compared to the VSP shape canopy type. The inverted L shape canopy type could increased the malic acid and tartaric acid content, with ripe fruit having 0.338 mg/g and 0.365 mg/g of malic acid and 0.774 mg/g and 0.760 mg/g of tartaric acid, respectively. The H1 canopy with higher leaf height is more conducive to the accumulation of malate than the lower H2 canopy. The PEPC and NAD-MDH enzyme activities of the three canopy types' fruits showed varying degrees of positive correlation with fruit malate content, and NADP-ME enzyme activity showed varying degrees of negative correlation with fruit malate content.【Conclusion】 The simplified inversed L shape canopy setting can achieve the purpose of regulating malate accumulation and metabolism in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, which provides the theoretical basis and empirical reference for the study of the regulation of grape organic acid metabolism.

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Effects of Different Clarifying Agents on Quality of Mulberry Wine YANG Lu, FAN Shaoli, LI Hong, CHENG Ping, ZHANG Zhigang 2022, 59(4): 863-873.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1252KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of 5 different types of clarifiers on the quality of mulberry wine with mulberry wine as the research object. 【Methods】 The clarity, physical and chemical indexes, flavor components and sensory quality of mulberry wine samples were taken as the inspection indexes and the effects of 5 clarifying agents on the quality were discussed. 【Results】 The results showed that compared with the control group, there was significant difference in soluble solids and alcohol content, but no significant difference in total acid content.The total sugar content decreased by 1.1%-36.8%. The content of anthocyanin, total phenol and total flavone in the treated group with 80 g/L clarifier decreased by 4.3%-23.2%, 0.5%-10.0% and 2.1%-14.7% respectively. The contents and types of aroma substances of wine samples after clarification were different. The relative content of esters in PVPP group decreased by 22.8%, while that in pectinase group decreased only by 0.5%, and that in other groups was between the two. 【Conclusion】 Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed that the 60 g / L pectinase treatment group had the least effect on the volatile aroma compounds of wine samples, and the sensory evaluation was also the closest to the control group.

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Effects of Amino Acid Selenium Foliar Fertilizer on Growth and Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Muskmelon LIU Zhigang, REN Hongsong, Huxidan Maimaiti, Amuti Kuerban, GUO Hongmei, WANG Ruihua, LI Haifeng, HU Guozhi 2022, 59(4): 874-883.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2109KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of selenium on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of muskmelon (Cucumismelo L.) as an essential nutrient element for higher plant growth in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the establishment of control technology to improve the yield and quality of melon.【Method】 Under the condition of autumn cultivation in Turpan, the melon cultivar Xizhoumi 17 was sprayed with amino acid selenium for 5 times from the initial flowering stage.The main stem length, stem diameter, internode length, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate of leaves at different nodes were measured at different growth stages taken clear water as the control.【Result】 Exogenous amino acid selenium fertilizer treatment significantly promoted the growth and development of melon, and improved the photosynthetic capacity of leaves.In the fruiting stage (T3), netting stage (T5) and mature stage (T6), the net photosynthetic rate of leaves at fruiting stage (T3), netting stage (T5) and maturity stage (T6) was 26.29%, 53.51% and 301.56% higher than those of the control treatment, respectively, and the difference was significant (P>0.05) and delayed the speed of the functional leaves entering the senescence stage.【Conclusion】 The growth rate of stem diameter and internode length of main vine was the fastest from the first flowering stage (T1) to the full flowering stage (T2), and the fastest growth rate of main vine length and leaf area was from full flowering stage (T2) to fruiting stage (T3).The stem diameter and leaf area of main vine of A20 and A25 treatments were significantly higher than those of the control treatment from T5 to T6; the net light of leaves at different nodes in A20 and A25 treatments at three growth stages was significantly higher than that of control treatment.The photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than that of the control treatment, which significantly improved the photosynthetic capacity of leaves and prolonged the functional period of leaves at different nodes.Therefore, spraying 2,000-2,500 times amino acid selenium fertilizer is an ideal regulation measure to delay the senescence of melon functional leaves.

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Effect of “China Construction Seed” Treatment on Pumpkin Growth, Yield and Quality WANG Jie, CUI Xi, Gulmila Wusman, Rozikari Aili, QIN Yong 2022, 59(4): 884-890.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (740KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out the best method for processing pumpkin seeds, pumpkin seeds using the "China Construction Seed energy wave seed treatment technology".【Method】 The pumpkin variety "Yinguan" was taken as the research material and four levels of 12 h, 24 h, 36 h non-soaking dry seed treatment and 8 h post-soaking seed treatment 12 h, totaling 4 treatments were designed to study the effects of different treatments on pumpkin growth, yield and quality, under other consistent cultivation conditions.【Result】 The plant height, stem thickness, and relative content of chlorophyll(SPAD value) in pumpkins of T2 treatment (non-soaking dry seed treatment 24 h) and T3 treatment (non-soaking dry seed treatment 36 h) were better than the that of the control treatment during the growth period.The dry matter content, soluble sugar and starch content in the pulp had no significant difference with the control.Compared with the control, the yield increased by 20.89% and 21.99%, respectively.【Conclusion】 Using the "China Construction Seed" technology to treat pumpkin seeds for 24 h and 36 h has a significant effect on increasing the yield of pumpkin, under the premise of ensuring the quality of the pumpkin.The test results provide a reference for high-yield pumpkin planting.

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Comparison of Fig Growth and Leaf Photosynthetic Performance in Solar Greenhouse ZHONG Haixia, MENG Ajing, DING Xiang, ZHAO Laipeng, ZHANG Fuchun, HAO Jingzhe, ZHOU Xiaoming, QIAO Jiangxia, WU Xinyu 2022, 59(4): 891-899.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1306KB) ( )   【Objective】 To select superior varieties of fig more suitable for the introduction and local cultivation in Hetian in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Five fig varieties and one local variety introduced in the solar greenhouse in Hotan area were taken as the research objects, and the right angle hyperbolic correction model was used to fit and analyze the photosynthesis and effective photosynthetic radiation intensity of the leaves.【Result】 The net photosynthetic rate of 'Jinaofen' variety was the largest in the morning, reaching 23.4 μmol/(m2·s), which explained that it can quickly perform photosynthesis in the morning to assimilate more organic matter. In the morning, the dark breathing rate of Xinjiang Early Yellow was the lowest, at 0.86 μmol/(m2·s), and in the afternoon, the dark breathing rate of Branrick was the lowest, at 0.57 μmol/(m2·s). The light compensation points of the three varieties Xinjiang Zaohuan, Branrick and Jinaofen were lower, which were 30.0, 27.5, 30.0 μmol/(m2·s), showing that the last three varieties first accumulated organic matter, thus accumulating more energy in a limited time. The saturated light intensity of the four varieties Branrick, Japan Ziguo, Jinaofen and Xinjiang Zaohuang was relatively large, respectively 2,277.2,1,939.4,1,929.4 and 1,899.4 μmol/(m2·s). In the morning, Jinaofen and Minaia had high intrinsic quantum efficiency, which were 0.062 μmol/(m2·s) and 0.054 μmol/(m2·s). In addition, the apparent quantum yield was also relatively high, 0.126 μmol/(m2·s) and 0.049 μmol/(m2·s). In the afternoon, Jinaofen and Japan Ziguo had higher intrinsic quantum efficiencies: 0.051 μmol/(m2·s) and 0.048 μmol/(m2·s). The apparent quantum efficiency of Japanese Ziguo was also high, which was 0.040 μmol/(m2·s).【Conclusion】 Jinaofen has the most excellent comprehensive photosynthetic performance among the six varieties; The comprehensive photosynthetic performance of the four varieties Menaya, Qingpi, Branrik and Xinjiang Zaohuang is at the second rank; Japan Ziguo has poor comprehensive photosynthetic performance.

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Study on Purification Process of Total Flavonoids from Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam by Macroporous Resin JIN Kexu, DAI Xiaohua, GU Hongfei, SHU Jiamin, WANG Tianqi, HAI Tingyu 2022, 59(4): 900-907.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (840KB) ( )   【Objective】 To optimize the optimal process parameters for separation and purification of total flavonoids from Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam with macroporous resin.【Methods】 Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to determine the total flavonoids content of Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam, and the static adsorption and desorption test was used to investigate the adsorption and desorption capacity of 4 different types of macroporous resins on the total flavonoids of Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam. The appropriate macroporous resin was selected and finally the best separation and purification conditions were determined.【Results】 D101 type macroporous resin had a better specific adsorption capacity and desorption capacity for total flavonoids from Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam. The best separation and purification process conditions were D-101 macroporous resin with a diameter-to-height ratio of 1∶6, and the loading volume of the crude extract of Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam was the largest: 6.3 BV, whose best loading concentration was 0.3 mg/mL, The loading rate was 1.0 mL/min, the standing time was 2 h, the washing volume was 5 BV, and the washing liquid elution flow rate was 1.5 mL/min. 80% ethanol was used as the elution solvent, whose amount was 2 BV, and the eluent flow rate 0.5 mL/min.【Conclusion】 D101 type macroporous resin can be used for the separation and purification of total flavonoids in Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam under the obtained technological conditions.

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Optimization of Preparation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid by Alkali Isomerization of Pepper Seed Oil by Response Surface Methodology and Its Oxidation Stability MA Yan, XU Mingqiang, LI Xidi, MENG Xintao, ZOU Shuping, ZHANG Ting, ZHANG Qian 2022, 59(4): 908-915.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1219KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the preparation of conjugated linoleic acid from pepper seed oil by isomerization alkali in order to obtain high conversion of pepper seed oil conjugated linoleic acid.【Method】 The Conversion Rate of Conjugated Linoleic Acid was used as an indicator of investigation, the main influencing factors were reaction time, reaction temperature, alkali oil ratio and dissolved oil ratio, and the effects of different factors on conjugated linoleic acid conversion of pepper seed oil was analyzed by CCD. After that, the preparation process of conjugated linoleic acid from capsicum seed oil was determined, and the oxidation stability of conjugated linoleic acid between pepper seed oil and pepper seed oil was compared by Schaal oven accelerated test.【Result】 The optimal technical conditions are determined as follows by establishing the quadratic response regression model: The reaction temperature was 169℃, the reaction time was 4.4 h, Alkali oil ratio [M(KOH):M (Pepper seed oil)] was 0.2, Dissolved oil ratio [M(polyethylene glycol):M(Pepper seed oil)] was 1.7, and the conjugation conversion could reach 84.60%. Its oxidation stability was better than that of pepper seed oil.【Conclusion】 The process conditions of conjugated linoleic acid in pepper seed oil are optimized by response surface methodology, and the conjugated linoleic acid in pepper seed oil with good stability is obtained.

Plant Protection

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The Influence of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) stress on the enzyme activity, nutrient and metabolite content of cotton leaves JIA Zunzun, FU Kaiyun, DING Xinhua, Tuerxun·Ahemaiti, JIANG Weihua, WANG Xiaowu, GUO Wenchao 2022, 59(4): 916-924.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1316KB) ( )   【Objective】 We study on the changes of nutrients, metabolites and protective enzyme contents of cotton leaves in different density and different damage time byBemisia tabacistress to cotton plant lets to reveal the interaction between whitefly and cotton.【Method】 UsingB. tabaci, in the artificial climate room, used cotton (NJ-135) to breeding and experiments. By setting up treatment groups with different density :0 (control), 50 and 500 head/plant, covered with 140 mesh nylon mesh. After putting different density ofB. tabaci that had been fed on 24, 48 and 72h to determine the pro di aldehyde, pro line, catal ase, soluble protein content, soluble sugar and chlorophyll in the cotton leaves.【Results】 In the groups of 50 and 500 head/plant treatment, there was a positive correlation between changes in content of total protein, proline and catalase contents in cotton leaves and the duration of feeding byB. tabaci (3.23, 4.87 and 5.55 μg/mL, 3.84, 5.38 and 5.92 μg/mL; 0.85, 0.92 and 0.99 μg/g, 0.89, 0.98 and 1.21 μg/g; 9.81, 10.98 and 18.45 U/mg prot; 12.42, 15.29 and 19.16 U/mg prot). Soluble sugar content in leaves gradually decreases with increasing feeding time (16.77, 15.83 and 15.64 mg/g; 18.10, 15.75 and 7.84 mg/g). The content levels of malondialdehyde in leaves gradually decreased and then increased with feeding stress (3.76, 3.26 and 4.44 nmol/mg prot; 4.45, 3.94 and 5.15 nmol/mg prot). The dynamics of chlorophyll content changes between low and high density treatments was different, 50 heads/plant, showing a decrease followed by an increase (1.27, 0.90 and 1.92 mg/g), and 500 heads/plant as a gradual increase (0.50, 0.86 and 1.98 mg/g).【Conclusion】 This suggests that the activities of the defense related enzymes, nutrients, and metabolites were influenced by damage fromB. tabaci. The stress response of cotton leaves ofB. tabaci was led to the contents of related nutrients, products and defense enzymes will change. The high density ofB. tabaci was enhanced with this response, as well as the response of the time increases.

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Characteristics of Soil Nutrient under Different Land Use Patterns Aliya Alimu, CONG Xiaohan, XIA Xiaoying, XI Li, WANG Weixia 2022, 59(4): 925-933.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1374KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the changes of soil organic matter and soil nutrient element characteristics under different land use patterns in Akesu, Xinjiang.【Method】 In the Aksu area, the soils of five typical land use patterns such as sole wheat, jujube wheat intercropping, sole jujube, sole jujube in wasteland, and wasteland were collected to determine the soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents by soil chemical analysis method.【Results】 The coefficient of the spatial variation of the soil nutrient elements in this study area under different land use patterns was between 0.92% and 94.00%, all of which are medium spatial variability.After the conversion of farmland to orchard or agroforestry, the soil organic matter content of each layer was increased, but it was increased significantly (P<0.05) only in each layer of 0-20 cm soil layer.After the transition from wasteland to orchard, the soil organic matter of all layers increased, and the soil layers 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm increased significantly (P<0.05).The contents of soil nutrient elements and soil organic matter in the 0-100 cm soil layer were decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth.The content of soil organic matter, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were all shown as follows: Jujube wheat intercropping > Sole jujube > Sole wheat > Sole jujube in wasteland > Wasteland.The content of soil total nitrogen was shown as follows: Sole jujube > Jujube wheat intercropping > Sole wheat > Sole jujube in wasteland > Wasteland.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and soil nutrient elements.【Conclusion】 It is found that the conversion of farmland or wasteland to orchard or agroforestry increased soil organic matter and soil fertility.

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Effects of Walnut-Cotton Intercropping on Arthropod Community Structure and the Population of Natural Enemies in Cotton Fields LI Haiqiang, WANG Dongmei, LIU Jian 2022, 59(4): 934-941.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1106KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the effect of walnut-cotton intercropping on arthropod community structure and population of natural enemies in cotton fields.【Method】 In Aksu, Xinjiang, 21 experimental sites of walnut-cotton intercropping patterns were selected from 2017 to 2018 to compare and study the arthropod community structure corresponding to the cotton fields in intercropping patterns and monocropping patterns. 【Result】 The results showed that the shannon-Wiener diversity index of arthropod community in walnut intercropping cotton field was 0.68 and 0.56, respectively. The average uniformity index of walnut and cotton intercropping was 0.45 and 0.38. The dominant concentration index was 0.59 in walnut intercropping and 0.68 in mono cropping. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index and dominant concentration index of arthropod community in walnut intercropping cotton field compared with cotton single cropping field. Besides, there was no significant difference in the characteristic indexes of pest subcommunity and natural enemy subcommunity between two cropping patternsshannon-Wiener diversity index, P = 0.36 > 0.05; the average uniformity index, P =0.39>0.05; dominant concentration index, P = 0.71 > 0.05).At the same time, through the study on the population quantity of natural enemies, it was found that the main predatory natural enemies in cotton fields were ladybugs, lacewings and insectivorous bugs, and there was no significant difference in the population quantity of predatory natural enemies between cotton intercropping field and cotton mono-cropping field(P = 0.42 > 0.05). The densities of the mummy aphids on cotton plant in walnut-cotton intercropping and cotton monocrop systems had no significant difference(P = 0.076 > 0.05).【Conclusion】 It indicates that the walnut-cotton intercropping patterns in southern Xinjiang had no significant effect on arthropod community structure and population of natural enemies in cotton fields.

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Applied Technology Research into Sex Attractant for Grapholita molesta and Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke in the Fruit Tree Planting Area of Southern Xinjiang Munire Maimaiti, Suoyin Tuya, Adili Shataer, Ahongjiang Wusiman 2022, 59(4): 942-949.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (878KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide scientific basis for sex pheromone monitoring and control of Grapholita molesta and Grapholitha funebrana in fruit tree planting areas of southern Xinjiang.【Method】 Traps containing Grapholita molesta and Grapholitha funebrana and three different types of traps were hung at the density of 4 traps per 667m 2, 8 traps per 667m2and 12 traps per 667m2, respectively.The trapping effects of different densities and different types of traps on Grapholita molesta and Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke were compared in apricot orchard, and the stick insect of the insect and replacement period of the trap core were also tested.【Result】 In the experimental area with 4 traps per 667m 2, 8 traps per 667m2 and 12 traps per 667m2, the fruit decay rates before picking were 11.33%, 7.20%, 5.60%, respectively, and there was significant difference in the trap densities of 4 traps per 667m2with 8 traps per 667m2 and 12 traps per 667 m2.There was no significant difference between 8 traps per 667m2 and 12 traps per 667m2.The trapping effects of different traps on the Grapholita molesta and Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke were obviously different.Among them, the pot trap had the best trapping effect on the Grapholita molesta/Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke, followed by the triangle trap.There was no significant difference between the pot trap and the triangle trap.The trapping effect of the bottle trap was significantly worse than that of the triangle trap and the pot trap.Stick insect and duration of trap core had certain influence on trapping effects on Grapholita molesta and Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke.The best trapping effect was found in stick insect replacement period of 5 d and trap core replacement period of 10 d.【Conclusion】 Using sexual attractant to control the Grapholita molesta and Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke in apricot orchard in arid and high temperature areas of southern Xinjiang cannot achieve the goal of effectively controlling its harm.Although the pot trap had good trapping effect, it needs to be added water every day, so it is suggested to use triangle trap.Stick insect and the replacement period of trap core have great influence on the trapping effects.It is suggested that the stick insect should be replaced once every 7 to 10 d and the trap core should be replaced once every 30 days.

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Occurrence and Damage Analysis of Corn Stalk Rot Desert Oasis Ecological Region SONG Zishuo, YANG Jie, DING Xinhua, FU Kaiyun, Tuerxun Ahemati, HE Jiang, GUO Wenchao 2022, 59(4): 950-956.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (803KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the latest occurrence, distribution and damage of maize stem rot in the main maize producing areas of Xinjiang desert oasis ecological region in the hope of providing the basis for scientific monitoring and control of maize stem rot in these areas.【Methods】 Five point random sampling method was used to investigate the latest incidence of corn stalk rot in 17 counties of 6 prefectures and cities in northern and southern Xinjiang, and the correlation between cultivation mode, variety factors and incidence degree was analyzed.【Results】 The average diseased field rate of corn stalk rot in Xinjiang desert oasis ecological zone was 77.32%, and the average diseased plant rate was 39.66‰.Among them, spring maize production area in Northern Xinjiang (97.22‰ and 51.86‰) was significantly heavier than repeat maize production area in southern Xinjiang (30.00‰ and 17.70‰), followed by Urumqi (100%, 55.50‰), Tacheng (93.33%, 38.80‰), and Changji (92.86%, 13.43‰), Kashi (30%, 17.70‰).According to the statistics of counties and cities, Xinyuan county (100%, 126.2‰) suffered the most serious damage, followed by Bole City (100%, 117.14‰), while no corn stalk rot was found in Jiashi County, Shule county and Shufu county.The results showed that the average disease rate of commercial maize (48.12‰) was 3.09 times higher than that of seed maize (15.56‰).There was no significant difference in the rate of diseased plants among the four cultivation modes (drip irrigation with film mulching, drip irrigation without film, flood irrigation with film mulching and flood irrigation without film) (P > 0.05).But the average disease rate of drip irrigation and mulching was lower than those of drip irrigation and irrigation (100% and 69.77%) respectively.【Conclusion】 Corn stalk rot is common in the main corn producing areas in Xinjiang, and it is found that it is more serious in Northern Xinjiang than in Southern Xinjiang.The results showed that the disease resistance of commercial maize varieties was not strong as a whole, and the film mulching cultivation conditions were favorable to reduce the disease occurrence.

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Integrated Taxonomy Studies on Cleroclytus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China GUO Shuhan, LUO Shungang, ZHONG Wen, KANG Ning, HU Hongying 2022, 59(4): 957-965.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3064KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the classification of the genus: Cleroclytus collaris Jakovlev,1885 and Cleroclytus strigicollis Jakovlev,1900 by combining DNA barcoding technology and morphological characteristics in the hope of providing a research basis for its accurate identification and a reference for the related identification of this genus in the future.【Methods】 The structure of ovipositor and internal genitalia was described by dissecting the female adult genitalia.Genomic DNA was extracted from the head and throx of the adult, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was amplified by PCR with universal primers to construct the DNA barcodes.【Result】 The results of morphology and genitalia structure showed that there was no significant morphological difference between the two species.The results of DNA barcoding showed that the COI gene sequence length was about 670bp.The sequence similarity between Cleroclytus collaris and Cleroclytus strigicollis was 99.60%.The average genetic distance between them was 0.6%, which proved that they were the same species, which was basically consistent with the results of morphological identification.【Conclusion】 DNA barcoding technology and morphological characteristics are combined to determine the classification of two species of Cleroclytus in Xinjiang, confirming that they are synonyms.

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Research on Insect Diversity of Seabuckthorn Wood in Burqin County, Altay Prefecture LU Yan, Pareguli Kakan, ZHANG Bei, ZHU Jianmei, Adili Shataer 2022, 59(4): 966-976.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1714KB) ( )   【Objective】 To monitor and protect the biodiversity of seabuckthorn woods, maintain its green and healthy development in Altay area. 【Methods】 In this study, the species and quantity of insects in seabuckthorn woods in Burqin county were investigated by the method of net trapping, and the temporal dynamics were analyzed by using biodiversity index. 【Results】 A total of 70 species, 61 families, 11 orders, and pests were 33 families, 7 orders, 35 species, 22 species, 15 families, 7 orders natural enemies were found in seabuckthorn woods. Neutral insects belonged to 4 orders, 13 families and 13 species. The number of family species and abundance of insects in seabuckthorn woods varied with time. 【Conclusion】 The main pest in seabuckthorn woods in Burqin county is Rhagoletis batava Hering, whose main natural enemy insect is Ichneumonidae, mainly including Sarcophagidae, Formicidae. The insect here is rich in species with large number and high richness and high diversity index, and Rhagoletis batava Hering can directly harm the fruit Hippophae rhamnoides, so it should be controlled to certain extent.

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The Genus Fieberiella Signoret from Xinjiang, with Description of a Newly Recorded Species LUO Huan, ZHANG Bin, LIN Guocang, WANG Shaoshan 2022, 59(4): 977-982.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1023KB) ( )   【Objective】 They are a harmful pest in agroforestry production. Through the investigating leafhoppers of this group in Xinjiang and identifying the species will provide theoretical and guiding basis for the prevention and control of agricultural and forestry pests. 【Method】 The specimens were collected by sweeping nets and Markov net traps, and the external morphology was observed and the external genitals were analyzed and identified.【Result】 【Conclusion】 Through identification of a species Fieberiella septentrionalis Wagner, 1963 are newly recorded in Xinjiang, the identification characteristics and morphology were described and the difference from other similar species was revealed. The host of this leafhopper is mostly urban landscape plants in Xinjiang, and iIts life history and biological characteristics need to be further explored.

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The Occurrence and Harm of Henosepilachna Vigintioctomaculata DING Xinhua, Aerziguli Rouzi, Ji Li, Liu Shuai, FU Kaiyun, , GUO Wenchao 2022, 59(4): 983-989.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1868KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide reference for scientific identification and control of potato ladybug in potato planting area of Xinjiang. 【Methods】 In this paper, the occurrence, distribution and harm of ladybird potato in Xinjiang were identified for the first time, and its morphological characteristics were described. Combined with literature review, the prevention and treatment strategies and measures were preliminarily proposed. 【Results】 Henosepilona Vigintioctomaculata, which occurred in an area of 61.2×10 hm2, was discovered in Xinjiang for the first time in June 2020 in Qapurchal Xibo Autonomous County, Yili Prefecture. The main hosts were Solanum tuberosum L., Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum nigrum L., etc. Among them, the damage to potato was the most harmful, and the average occurrence rate of adult was 5, and the highest was 27. 【Conclusion】 The potato ladybug is first found in Xinjiang. It has a high risk of spreading and poses a potential threat to the development of the potato planting industry in the area, so it is necessary to strengthen its identification and prevent and control them earlier.

Genetic Engineering·Prataculture·Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

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Study of the Promoter properties of the HcSCL13 Gene for the Transcription Factor of Halostachys caspica (Bieb.) C. A. Mey. Delinur Alimujiang, FENG Xiaoli, WANG Yan 2022, 59(4): 990-1000.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1731KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the spatiotemporal expression and stress response properties of HcSCL13 genes in Halophytes caspica (Bieb.) C. A. Mey.【Method】 The full-length promoter (2,230 bp) and truncated sequence of the gene were fused to the GUS reporter to detect the GUS histochemical staining and enzyme vitality of genetically transformed plants.【Results】 Both aerial and underground parts of PHcSCL13.GUS homozyous Arabidopsis showed strong GUS staining at the stage of seed germination and seedling. With the development of transgenic PHcSCL13.GUS plant, the promoter activity displayed spatial and temporal patterns. Meanwhile, the promoter of HcSCL13 gene was responsive to light, salt and mechanical damage by GUS staining and activity analysis. After transient transformation of different length promoter fragments into the tobacco, the results of GUS activity suggested that the region for -1,124-1,450 bp upstream of the HcSCL13 promoter was responsible for its activity, while -1,730-2,230 bp upstream of the promoter was the salt response region.【Conclusion】 The above finding shows that HcSCL13 genes in Halophytes caspica (Bieb.) C. A. Mey. express space-time specificity and response properties to light, salt and mechanical damage, which lays the foundation in molecular mechanism.

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Effects of Adelphocoris lineolatus on the Growth and Nutritional Quality of Medicago sativa GUO Jianglong, GAO Zhanlin, LIU Zhenyu, DOU Yanan, AN Jingjie, LIU Zhongkuan, DANG Zhihong, LI Yaofa 2022, 59(4): 1001-1008.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1332KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to investigate the effects of Adelphocoris lineolatus on the plant growth and nutritional quality of Medicago sativa.【Methods】 The adults of A. lineolatus with different were inoculated to M. sativa plant. The plant height, branch number, stem-leaf ratio, dry weight, crude protein, ether extract and acid relative feeding value (RFV) were determined. 【Results】 The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between A. lineolatus density and plant height (P<0.001), with the highest value in the control group (42.51 cm) and least value in 8 insects/cage (25.24 cm). With the increase of density, the stem-leaf ratio showed a significant upward trend (P<0.001) while the dry weight showed a significant downward trend (P=0.009). The crude protein (P=0.02) and ether extract content (P<0.001) also showed a significant downward trend. Meanwhile, A. lineolatus density significantly affected RFV (P<0.001), with the highest RFV (204.14) in the control group. Compared to the control, the RFVs in 1, 2, 4 and 8 insects/cage treatments were reduced by 0.56%,9.01%,21.85%,23.16%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 This study confirms that the damage of A. lineolatus reduces the yield and nutritional quality of M. sativa, and provides a basis for strengthening the control of A. lineolatus in the field.

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Effects of Cadmium Stress on Growth in Three Plants and Cadmium Uptake and Its Accumulation CHEN Lili, TIAN Shuang, LU Weidan, LI Junhua, SUN Benben 2022, 59(4): 1009-1015.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (857KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effect of cadmium stress on the growth and enrichment characteristics of crops and seek more suitable plants for remediation of cadmium pollution. 【Methods】 In this study, hydroponic experiments were designed to determine the growth, cadmium absorption and accumulation of three plants under different concentrations of cadmium stress using Degao pakchoi, Xinluzao 42 cotton and wild solanum nigrum as test materials.【Results】 (1) under cadmium stress, the plant height growth of cotton was significantly inhibited; with the increase of cadmium stress concentration, the biomass of solanum nigrum and cotton decreased significantly. (2) Under each individual treatment, the cadmium content in the underground part of cotton and pakchoi was higher than that in the aboveground part, and the root showed strong tolerance and cadmium absorption capacity; under the low concentration of cadmium (10 and 20 mg / kg), the cadmium content in the aboveground part of solanum nigrum was higher than that in the underground part, and at this time, the cadmium transfer capacity from root to stem and leaf was strong. (3) The cadmium accumulation ability of solanum nigrum was higher than that of pakchoi and cotton under high cadmium stress. 【Conclusion】 Under cadmium stress, the growth of pakchoi was not significantly inhibited. When the cadmium concentration was 5, 3.5 and 50 mg /kg respectively, the corresponding cadmium accumulation of pakchoi, cotton and solanum nigrum reached the maximum. The remediation ability of the three plants to cadmium pollution is as follows: solanum nigrum >pakchoi> cotton.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Self-propelled Atomizing Cooling Machine for the Back Wall in Sunlight Greenhouse MA Yongjie, WANG Xingyi, HAN Congying, LIN Yuhong, MA Hui, ZHANG Xueyan 2022, 59(4): 1016-1024.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1879KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the variation law of temperature and humidity in horizontal and vertical direction of solar greenhouses in different operation modes under the condition of high temperature in summer.This result provides theoretical support for the efficient operation of the summer atomization cooling machine, which can help to solve the problem of high temperature and low humidity in the summer production of solar greenhouses.【Method】 The self-propelled atomization machine integrated cooling, spraying pesticides and fertilizer was used, the running time was 4, 8, 12 minutes, and the interval time was 20,40 and 60 minutes, respectively. A total of 9 operation modes were used to evaluate the cooling effect under the condition of high temperature on sunny days in summer.【Result】 The best operating modes was running 12 minuteswith an interval of 60 minutes in the morning, running 8 minutes with an interval of 20 minutes at noontime, and running 12 minutes with an interval of 20 minutes in the afternoon. The best atomization cooling effect was found at 3 meters in the horizontal direction, the air temperature reduced on average of 1.3℃, and air humidity increased on a average of 7.6%. Meanwhile, the best cooling effect was detected at 2.5 meters in the vertical direction and the air temperature reduced on average of 2.3℃, and air humidity increased on a average of 11%. 【Conclusion】 T Compared with the control greenhouse, the self-propelled atomization cooling machine on the back wall of the solar greenhouse operates in 12-60, 8-20, and 12-20 operating modes in the morning, noon, and afternoon respectively, which can have a cooling effect in the summer production of the solar greenhouse.

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Analysis of the Structure and Diversity of Microbial Communities of Cow Mastitis based on High-throughput Sequencing LIU Xiaoli, CHENG Biao, LIU Luyao, LI Qinfan, TONG Panpan, ZHANG Yi, LIU Yingyu, SU Zhanqiang, LI Bin 2022, 59(4): 1025-1033.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1742KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the main pathogenic microorganisms of dairy cow mastitis and the distribution of microbiota in milk.【Method】 The cows in the two farms of CJ and HZS were examined for mastitis.After visual and tactile examination of the udder and milk of the cows, 3 milk samples were randomly collected from the dairy cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis in the two farms each, and then 1 milk sample was collected from non-clinical dairy cows.Through PCR amplification and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 regions of bacteria in milk samples of mastitis dairy cows and non-clinical dairy cows, the diversity of microbial communities in clinical dairy milk samples and non-clinical dairy milk samples were analyzed and the differences were compared between the two.【Result】 The results showed that from the 6 clinical mastitis samples, a total of 25 phyla, 47 classes, 82 orders, 174 families, and 349 genera were obtained; from 2 non-clinical dairy cow milk samples, a total of 23 phyla, 38 classes, 61 Orders, 125 families, 212 genera were obtained.In clinical mastitis samples, the dominant bacterial groups were Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria; In non-clinical dairy milk samples, the dominant flora were Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.At the genus level, compared with mastitis samples, non-clinical dairy milk samples had fewer dominant bacterial groups, and only streptococcus was detected in HZS mastitis samples and Mycoplasma was detected in CJ mastitis samples.【Conclusion】 After cows suffer from mastitis, the abundance of the microbial flora is significantly increased, and the diversity changes significantly, indicating that the milk cows suffering from mastitis will cause the milk cow's milk flora to be imbalanced, and the changes in the structure and abundance of the milk flora are closely related to the occurrence of mastitis.

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Correlation between Leptin Gene Expression Level in Different Tissues and Meat Quality in Xinjiang Brown Cattle LI Hongbo, LI Na, YAN Xiangmin, YE Zhibing, CUI Fanrong, ZHANG Yang 2022, 59(4): 1034-1040.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.030 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (788KB) ( )   【Objective】 To better understand the close association between meat quality and genetic factors of animal species.【Method】 Xinjiang brown cattle were chosen as the research object, and the expression levels of leptin gene (leptin) in subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, perirenal fat, and pericardium fat were determined by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The live weight, carcass index, shear force, cooking loss and other meat quality traits were also measured and the correlation between leptin gene expression level and meat quality index in above the three tissues of Xinjiang brown cattle was analyzed.【Results】 The results showed that the relative expression levels of leptin genes in different parts of Xinjiang brown cattle were pericardial fat, subcutaneous fat, and intermuscular fat in descending order.The expression level of leptin in subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly positively correlated with its outer spine shear force, cooking loss, and intramuscular fat content.The correlation coefficients were 0.555, 0.479, 0.474, respectively (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 It is confirmed that leptin protein is widespread in the adipose tissue of Xinjiang brown beef.Its gene may be involved in the formation process of Xinjiang brown beef, which can be used as a candidate gene for studying Xinjiang brown beef quality thus providing a reference for the quality identification of beef attributes.