Archive

20 May 2023, Volume 60 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
Special volume for green, yield increasing, quality improving and eficiencyimproving technologies for major grain crops in Xinjiang
Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry
Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing·Plant Protection
Microbes·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Special volume for green, yield increasing, quality improving and eficiencyimproving technologies for major grain crops in Xinjiang

Select

Identification and evaluation of salt tolerance of rice recombinant inbred lines at bud and seedling stages ZHANG Yanhong, HOU Tianyu, BA Yinhua, ZHAO Caiyue, LYU Yuping, Buhalikeimu Abunzi, ZHAO Zhiqiang, LI Dong, DU Xiaojing, YUAN Jie, WANG Fengbin 2023, 60(5): 1041-1049.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1336KB) ( )   【Objective】 Which seriously restricts the production and development of rice, so it is of great significance to identify the salt tolerance of rice germplasm resources at bud and seedling stages.The results have provided germplasm resources and reference for further digging salt-tolerant rice germplasm and breeding new varieties.【Methods】 A total of 219 stable recombinant inbred lines were used as experimental materials to identify and evaluate the salt tolerance of rice at bud stage and seedling stage using 1.2% NaCl solution and 0.7% NaCl solution, respectively.【Result】 The results showed that the germination potential and germination rate decreased significantly after the treatment with 1.2% NaCl, and 4 salt-tolerant materials and 6 sensitive materials were screened.The germination potential, germination rate, bud length and root length of salt-tolerant materials decreased slowly, while the germination potential, germination rate, bud length and root length of sensitive materials decreased significantly.After 0.7% NaCl treatment at seedling stage, the survival rate of population materials decreased significantly.The comparison of phenotypes between salt-tolerant materials and sensitive materials showed that the plant height and survival rate of salt-tolerant materials decreased but did not reach a significant level, while the plant height and survival rate of sensitive materials decreased significantly, and the inhibition degree of salt-tolerant materials was less than that of sensitive materials.【Conclusion】 The relative germination potential, relative germination rate and survival rate of 219 materials decreased significantly after salt stress at bud stage.The salinity tolerance of salt-tolerant materials is different from that of sensitive materials.The salinity stress of salt-tolerant materials is lower than that of sensitive materials.Eighteen materials with strong salt tolerance at budding stage are screened and seedlings of strong salt tolerance material 2 are also obtained.

Select

Genetic diversity of main agronomic traits in Xinjiang winter wheat germplasm resources HUANG Qiannan, Maerheba Aisibaier, ZOU Hui, WANG Cairong, Ailimaimaiti Kuerban, SUN Na, LEI Junjie 2023, 60(5): 1050-1058.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (750KB) ( )   【Objective】 Study of genetic diversity of main agronomic traits in Xinjiang winter wheat germplasm resources.【Methods】 The genetic diversity, correlation and clustering analysis of nine main agronomic traits such as plant height, effective tillers and 1,000-kernel weight of 232 wheat germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated.【Results】 The genetic diversity index of 232 germplasm resources in Xinjiang was high, and the diversity index of 9 agronomic traits ranged from 1.68-2.10.The variation types were rich, and the coefficient of variation range was 10.3%-43.6%.The order of coefficient of variation of agronomic traits was yield per plant > effective tillers > main spike grain weight > main panicle length > main spike grain number >most grain number > plant height > spikelet number > 1,000-kernel weight.The correlation between main agronomic traits and yield per plant was as follows:Effective tillers (0.838) > main spike grain weight (0.564) > main spike grain number (0.559) > most grain number (0.301) > 1000-kernel weight (0.269) > main spike length (0.224) > plant height (-0.196) > spikelets number (-0.102),The direct path coefficient and correlation coefficient of effective tillers, main spike grain weight, main spike grain number and 1,000-kernel weight on yield per plant were significant.At the Euclidean distance of 16, 232 cultivars were divided into 5 groups.Nine agronomic traits of each group were analyzed, and there were significant differences among the groups.【Conclusion】 The main agronomic traits of winter wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang have great variation and rich genetic diversity.Effective tillers, main spike grain weight, main spike grain number and 1,000-kernel weight have direct and positive effects on yield per plant.Therefore, they can be used as screening indexes to improve yield per plant in breeding process, and effective tillers should be preferred.

Select

Effects of super late sowing on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat TIAN Wenqiang, GOU Fei, NIE Lingfan, SUN Ganggang, WANG Hongyi, SHI Yongqing, SHANG Yanming, WU Li, SHI Shubing, ZHANG Jinshan 2023, 60(5): 1059-1066.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1087KB) ( )   【Objective】 To further explore the response law of winter, wheat growth in northern Xinjiang to super late sowing and solve the problems of late crop rotation and low water-saving efficiency in local agricultural production.【Methods】 Using a randomized block design, five ultra-late sowing dates (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) were set up, and the effects of different sowing dates on the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat were analyzed with the local suitable sowing date as the control (CK).【Results】 Compared with CK, the average emergence rate of ultra-late sowing wheat decreased by 57.22%, the flowering stage was 8.2 d later, the maturity stage was 6 d later, and the filling time was 2.2 d shorter.There was no significant difference in the emergence rate of ultra-late sowing wheat among different treatments, the highest was D1, and D1 entered the flowering and maturity stage the earliest, and the filling time was the longest; The average SPAD value of flag leaf decreased from 0-14 days after anthesis, but increased from 21-28 days after anthesis, and the average Pn increased by 1.92% at filling stage.The SPAD value of flag leaf D3 was the highest and D1 was the lowest at 0-28 days after anthesis, but Pn D1 was the highest at filling stage, increased by 11.25% compared with D3; The dry matter accumulation of single plant in tillering stage to jointing stage decreased, the dry matter distribution rate of vegetative organs in mature stage decreased, and the dry matter distribution rate of grain increased.The dry matter accumulation of single plant and the dry matter distribution rate of grain D3 in booting stage to mature stage of ultra-late sowing wheat were the highest; the average spike number and yield decreased by 19.33% and 5.55% respectively, and the average spike number and 1,000-grain weight increased by 7.87% and 4.64% respectively.The spike number, 1,000-grain weight and yield D1 of ultra-late sowing wheat were the highest, increased by 19.21%, 2.85% and 20.88% respectively compared with D3, and the spike number D3 was the highest, decreased by 4.47% compared with D1.【Conclusion】 The ultra-late sowing wheat in northern Xinjiang should be sown when there is no snow or frozen soil in the field from late October to early November, and there is no obvious snowfall in the near future after sowing.

Select

Effects of different growth regulators on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation ZHANG Jingcan, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu 2023, 60(5): 1067-1074.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (980KB) ( )   【Objective】 By studying the effects of different growth regulators on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation, the most suitable exogenous growth regulators for winter wheat under drip irrigation were selected to provide theoretical basis for lodging resistance and control measures of Xinjiang drip irrigation wheat.【Methods】 Using Xindong 18 as the material, six treatments including clear water control (CK), calcium recyclate·enlobuzole (A), Aizhuangin (B), maggikin (C), antipour ester (D) and prelobuzole (E) were set up under field drip irrigation from 2021 to 2022 with different anti-lodging regulators as test factors.The effects of different treatments on plant height, center of gravity height, internode length, stem diameter, stem bending resistance and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation were analyzed.【Results】 The results showed that the plant height, center of gravity height and basal internode length of wheat were decreased and the stem thickness of basal internode was increased in all treatments except C.Compared with CK (water control), five treatments, A, B, C, D and E, increased the bending resistance of the second internode of wheat base by 9.44%, 19.65%, 5.20%, 16.57% and 20.00%, respectively.In terms of yield, the number of grains per ear increased by 0.97%-3.53% in the treatment of spraying regulator.The increase of 1000-particle weight was not obvious, and the 1,000-particle weight under Aizhuangsu treatment was increased by 3.93% compared with CK treatment.In terms of yield, the wheat treated with the five regulators could increase the yield by 1.10%-14.39%, and the yield increase effect was B>C>A>D>E【Conclusion】 It was concluded that all the five exogenous growth regulators had different effects on lodging resistance traits in wheat.In addition to the improvement of plant caving resistance, in terms of yield, the effective panicle number and kernel number per panicle were increased more significantly by calcium alicyclate, enlobuzole and maggetin, and the effect of Aizonin on 1,000-grain weight was better.Compared with CK, different regulator treatments increased the yield by 1.10%-14.39%.The overall effect was better, followed by calcium tetracycline and enlobuzole.

Select

Effects of basal fertilizer types and fertilization methods on the growth and yield of winter wheat ZHANG Yongqiang, XU Qijiang, CHEN Chuanxin, MA Xin, ZHANG Humei, NIE Shihui, LEI Junjie 2023, 60(5): 1075-1081.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (887KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of different basal fertilizers and fertilization methods on the growth and yield of winter wheat in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 A two-factor split zone experiment design was adopted in the field of Xindong 60 from 2019 to 2020.Two fertilization methods were set: basal application (S1), seed application (S2) and two basal fertilizer types: diammonium phosphate (F1) and methoxin (F2).The effects of different treatments on plant traits, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat were studied.【Results】 The results showed that compared with other treatments, plant height, SPAD value, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation, effective panicle number, grain yield and biomass of winter wheat were all better under F2S1 treatment.Compared with diammonium phosphate seed fertilizer (F1S2), plant height decreased, stem diameter increased, panicle length increased, and effective panicle number, grain yield and biomass of winter wheat were higher under mekoxin seed fertilizer (F2S2).【Conclusion】 It can be seen that methoxin is a kind of fertilizer that can promote high yield of wheat.If winter wheat is planted with seed and fertilizer, methoxin can be used as a reference for production.

Select

Effects of wheat late sowing and organic fertilizer replaced nitrogen fertilizer on the population dynamics of Sitobion avenae SHEN Yuyang, LAI Ning, FAN Guiqiang, CUI Yanhua, YANG Hong, LAI Hailin, LIN Min, LEI Junjie, LI Guangkuo, GAO Haifeng 2023, 60(5): 1082-1087.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (669KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effects of sowing dates and fertilizer types on the occurrence dynamics of Sitobion avenae in the field, so as to provide technical support for the rational use of pesticides and scientific control of wheat aphids.【Method】 Random block design and regular and fixed-point investigation were conducted to record the number of Sitobion avenae in the occurrence period of Sitobion avenae.【Result】 Different sowing dates and survey time had significant effects on the AP values.The AP values of the late sowing treatments from May 19 to June 8 were 3.40, 5.82, 5.44, 2.32 and 0.00, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the regular sowing treatments.Different fertilizer application treatments and survey time both had significant effects on the AP values.The AP values of the treatment of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer by 60%, 40% and 20% in late sowing fields were 4.83, 4.70 and 4.11 respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the treatment of inorganic fertilizer treatment in late sowing fields.【Conclusion】 Compared with the regular sowing treatment, the late sowing treatment can significantly reduce the populations of S.avenae.Organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer is benefit to feed S.avenae, and the higher the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer replaced, the bigger the population of the wheat aphid would be.

Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry

Select

Analysis of mechanical harvesting characters of germplasm resources of different upland cotton SANG Zhiwei, LIANG Yajun, GONG Zhaolong, ZHENG Juyun, WANG Junduo, LI Xueyuan, CHEN Quanjia 2023, 60(5): 1088-1098.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (992KB) ( )   【Objective】 A total of 273 samples of upland cotton germplasm resources were studied and analyzed, and good performance materials were selected to provide theoretical reference for breeding new varieties of upland cotton.【Methods】 15 machine-picked characters were analyzed by variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Results】 The variation coefficient of each character had great difference, ranging from 3.93% to 20.68%. Boll number per plant was significantly positively correlated with plant height, initial node height, fruit branch number, fruit node fraction and specific strength; the first fruit node was significantly negatively correlated with fruit branch numbers, fruit node numbers, fruit branch angle, and bell number of single plant (P <0.05); specific intensity showed significant positive correlation with leaf area, boll number, and lint length (P<0.05); there was a significant positive correlation between Macron value and lint percent (P< 0.01), and a significant negative correlation between Macron value and lint length and specific strength (P< 0.01). The cumulative contribution rate of the five principal components was 63.932%. The materials could be divided into 5 classes. The first class had 76 materials, which belonged to big boll weight and high lint percent materials; there were 164 materials in Class Ⅱ and 7 materials in Class Ⅲ with good quality; there were 24 materials in class Ⅳ, and the overall performance was the best; Class Ⅴ had 2 materials, the overall performance was poor.【Conclusion】 The 273 germplasm resources of upland cotton were divided into 5 categories, including 76 materials from Class Ⅰ, 164 materials from Class Ⅱ, 7 materials from class Ⅲ, 24 materials from class Ⅳ and 2 materials from Class Ⅴ. Among them, 24 materials in Class Ⅳ showed the best performance and could be used as parents for breeding new varieties.

Select

Comprehensive evaluation of cotton yield and quality by principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis LU Tao, ZENG Qingtao, ZHANG Wen, WANG Wenbo, WANG Zhengyang, YANG Rui, SUN Yuyan 2023, 60(5): 1099-1109.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (926KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to screen out cotton materials of high-quality and high-yield suitable for planting in the 7th Agricultural Division cotton area, and provide theoretical basis for variety promotion and corresponding supporting cultivation techniques in the future stage.【Methods】 19 cotton varieties were taken as the research objects to analyze the variation, correlation, principal component and grey correlations of their 14 agronomic characters, yield and quality traits by DPS statistical software.【Results】 The results showed that, the variation coefficients of the characters among 19 cotton varieties ranged from 0.92% to 15.08%, and the variation coefficient of plant height was the largest, which was 15.08%. The correlation analysis results showed that the plant height was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with fruit branch number, first fruit node height, cotton yield and elongation, cotton yield was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with first fruit node height, boll number per plant, boll weight per plant and short fiber index, fiber length was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with boll weight per plant, Micronaire and breaking strength, evenness index was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with breaking strength specific strength, elongation and short fiber index showed significant or extremely significant correlation. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first six principal components was 86.2894%, which could reflect most of the information of all traits. According to the comprehensive evaluation ranking of the tested materials, the top four materials were K07-12, zhongmiansuo 92, Z1112 and zhongmiansuo 113. Grey correlation analysis results showed that the materials with higher weighted correlation degree were K07-12, Z1112, zhongmiansuo 92 and zhongmiansuo 113. The larger the weighted correlation degree, the closer it was to the ideal variety. Therefore, K07-12, Z1112, zhongmiansuo 92 and zhongmiansuo 113 performed better.【Conclusion】 The results of principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis were basically consistent, so K07-12, zhongmiansuo 92, Z1112 and zhongmiansuo 113 are recommended to be planted and popularized in the 7th Agricultural Division cotton area.

Select

Effects of the compound topping agent of DPC on the canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of machine-picked cotton SHEN Yingying, ZHANG Jusong, PENG Zengying, DUAN Songjiang, LI Zongrun, WU Yifan 2023, 60(5): 1110-1117.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1193KB) ( )   【Objective】 To reveal the effect of DPC compound topping agent on the canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of machine-picked cotton.【Methods】 In 2021, Xinluzhong No.88 was used as the material, and a two-factor split zone test design was adopted.The two factors were amine and topping treatment.The amine included two levels.Spraying amine (H1) and no spray amine (H0); topping included 3 levels, topping agent spray (D1), artificial topping (D2) and no topping (D3).【Results】 Compared with H0 treatment, H1 treatment could significantly increase the average leaf cluster inclination, colony scattered radiation transmission coefficient, chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of cotton, and the increase rates were: 16.0%, 25.5%, 8.9% and 18.1%, respectively; Compared with D2 treatment, D1 treatment could significantly increase the leaf area index, average leaf cluster inclination, colony scattered radiation transmission coefficient, chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of cotton, the increase rates were: 16.9%, 11.0%, 16.1%, 3.2%, 10.9%; Compared with H0 treatment, the number of bolls per plant and boll weight per plant increased by 43% and 9.8%, respectively, with significant differences; The number of bolls per plant in D1 treatment increased 9.2% and 31.9% on average compared with that of D2 and D3; The weight of single boll increased by 4.0% and 11.7%, respectively; The yield of seed cotton in H0D3 treatment was the lowest, 3,350.7 kg/hm2, and the highest in H1D1 treatment, 7,023.6 kg/hm2.Compared with H0D3, the yield of seed cotton in H1D1 treatment increased by 109.6%.The overall performance of seed cotton in each treatment was D1 >D2>D3.Compared with H0 treatment, the yield of seed cotton and lint cotton in H1 treatment increased by 42.6% and 42.3% respectively.【Conclusion】 Choosing a compound topping agent of DPC for full chemical control can shape a reasonable canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics suitable for machine-picked cotton harvesting and increase cotton yield, which can provide a reference for the light-simplified cultivation of machine-picked cotton and reduce production costs and increase cotton planting benefits as well.

Select

Identification and evaluation of salt tolerance in wheat relatives at germination and seedling stages Halidan Yikeremu, LIU Na, LIU Lianzheng, ZHOU Anding, JIANG Qiyan, Damailijiang Hezier, CAO Junmei, ZHANG Xinzhong 2023, 60(5): 1118-1126.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1122KB) ( )   【Objective】 Identification and evaluation of salt tolerance in wheat relatives at germination and seedling stages.【Methods】 In this study, 38 wild relatives of wheat (including controls) were treated at bud and seedling stages.Wheat related species were used as experimental materials and the suitable NaCl concentrations of both 1.2% and 1.5% for salt tolerance identification and evaluation at bud and seedling stage was selected.【Results】 21materials with high salt tolerance at bud stage were obtained(55.2%), accounting for 8 salt-resistant materials(21%) and 3 medium salt-tolerant materials(7.8%);4 for sensitive materials(10.5%),2 for high sensitive(5.2%).7 materials with salt tolerance at seedling stage were obtained(18.4%), 17.medium salt-tolerant materials(44.7%),12 for sensitive materials(31.5%), 2 for high sensitive(5.2%); 2 materials with 100% at the survival rate and seedling rate.At the same time, we also found the same salt-tolerant materials at the bud and seedling stage, including 7 salt-tolerant materials and 4 sensitive materials, and found the survival rate and seedling rate of 100% at both stages for 2 materials.【Conclusion】 The analysis showed that the salt resistance of different salt tolerant types is not consistent in bud stage and seedling stage, and some materials are not comparable and have great differences.But they all have their own significance in the salt-tolerant germplasm screening.

Select

Effects of different bio-organic fertilizers application combined with conventional fertilization on growth, disease resistance and yield of soybean ZHU Baoguo, KUANG Enjun, TENG Zhanglin, MENG Qingying, WANG Nannan, FENG Haoyuan, QIU Lei, GAO Xuedong, ZHANG Chunfeng 2023, 60(5): 1127-1133.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (674KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effects of different bio-organic fertilizers application combined with conventional fertilization on traits, yield and economic benefit of soybean plant.【Methods】 Dry matter, root nodule, disease resistance and yield were studied by plots field experiment in which different bio-organic fertilizers combined with conventional fertilization were determined.【Results】 Compared with conventional fertilization, aboveground dry matter, root dry weight and nodule number of soybean increased in different bio-organic fertilizer application treatments at seedling and full flowering stages by 5.31%-12.86%, 10.35%-20.24% and 12.34%-37.50%, respectively (P<0.05).Incidence rate and disease index of root rot were reduced significantly at the seedling stage in bio-organic fertilizer application treatment.Meanwhile, plant height, pod number per plant, grain number per plant and 100-grain weight of soybean were remarkably increased, which led to an improvement of soybean yield.The yields in 2019 and 2020 were lifted by 7.25%-8.67% and 6.50%-8.82%, respectively (P<0.05).Output and benefit of soybean were raised by applying bio-organic fertilizers combined with conventional fertilization compared with the control and the highest benefit addition value was 1,066.16 yuan/hm2.【Conclusion】 By applying bio-organic fertilizers combined with conventional fertilization, the growth of soybean is promoted, diseases are reduced, yield is promoted and economic benefit is increased.

Select

Grain and malt quality analysis of malting barley WANG Feifei, GU Yangyang, YU Guoqi, CHENG Jingye, PAN Hui, WANG Shunmeng, ZHU Juan, LYU Chao, GUO Baojian, XU Rugen 2023, 60(5): 1134-1140.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (887KB) ( )   【Objective】 To identify high malt quality barley cultivars which is suitable for Jiangsu cultivation, grain quality and malt quality of eight Jiangsu malting barley cultivars were analyzed【Method】 In this paper, with eight excellent beer barley varieties cultivated by the Barley Research Institute of Yangzhou University as materials, their grain length, grain width and one thousand grain weight, such as grain appearance and quality traits, extract, α-amino nitrogen, saccharifying ability, soluble nitrogen, malt protein content and Kolbach value, were determined.【Result】 The results showed all these cultivars achieved national premium grade standard in grain quality; meanwhile, the eight barley cultivars showed lower find powder extract and Kolbach index, while on the contrary with higher malt protein content, α-amino nitrogen and saccharifying ability.【Conclusion】 Yangnongpi 9 reveals high score, which can be used as production variety for high quality beer barley.

Select

Response of quinoa seeds to germination temperature and identification of germination ability under low temperature stress YAO Qing, Aribelegan Hazzetti, YANG Minghua, LI Qiang, MIAO Haocui, CUI Hongliang 2023, 60(5): 1141-1149.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (936KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the response of quinoa at germination stage to low temperature stress, to evaluate its low temperature tolerance by using multiple germination indexes, and to analyze the physiological characteristics of different quinoa varieties at different germination temperatures, so as to provide theoretical basis for planting quinoa at suitable germination stage in production.【Methods】 6 quinoa varieties with good adaptability in Yili River Valley of Xinjiang were taken as test materials and the germination test was performed in 1℃, 5℃, 10℃, 15℃ and 20℃ incubators to measure the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, bud length and bud fresh weight of each quinoa variety at different temperatures, and the six quinoa varieties were comprehensively evaluated under different temperature conditions by means of difference analysis of different indexes, correlation analysis of relative germination indexes, principal component analysis and membership function analysis.【Results】 With the decrease of temperature, the values of all germination indexes decreased, and there were significant differences among different quinoa varieties under different temperatures, and there was a certain correlation between the relative values of the six germination indexes. The characteristic value of factor 1 was 4.855, accounting for 80.924% of the total information. The characteristic values of other principal component factors were all less than 1, so the relative germination potential, relative germination index and relative vigor index could be used as the main identification indexes of low temperature tolerance of quinoa during germination stage.【Conclusion】 YN1 and YN3 varieties are the most sensitive to low temperature at germination stage, and not suitable for early sowing. Varieties YN2, YN5 and YN6 show stable performance in all aspects under different temperatures. Although their germination speed are slower at low temperature, but the germination rate are high and the low temperature tolerance is strong, belonging to the low temperature tolerance varieties. YN4 cultivar has the most outstanding performance under low temperature condition and belongs to extremely low temperature tolerance cultivar.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing·Plant Protection

Select

Construction of genetic linkage map and QTL localization of fruit major traits based on interspecific hybrid F2 population of pepper YUAN Lei, TANG Yaping, ZHANG Guoru, JI Xuehua, YANG Shengbao 2023, 60(5): 1150-1161.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1693KB) ( )   【Objective】 The mining of key genes for the main traits of pepper fruit is of great significance for promoting the innovation of pepper germplasm and the selection and breeding of new varieties.【Methods】 In this study, the F2 generation population obtained by the hybridization of ZL-280 (C.chinense) and GB-35(C.annuum) was used as the material to construct the interspecific genetic map of pepper, and the main traits of the fruit were analyzed by composite interval mapping (CIM).【Results】 A high-density interspecific genetic map of pepper containing 12 linkage groups with a total distance of 1,233.87 cM and an average genetic distance between markers of 0.59 cM was constructed.Through joint data analysis, a total of three QTL sites associated with color valence were detected, namely cv.2.1, cv.4.1 and cv.5.1 located on chromosomes 2nd, 4th and 5th, with contribution rates of 8.58%, 10.66% and 12.44%, respectively.Two QTL sites associated with capsaicin were detected, c.2.1 and c.5.1 on chromosomes 2 and 5, with contribution rates of 7.14% and 11.40%, respectively.Three QTL sites associated with capsaicin were detected, cap.1.1, cap.2.1 and cap.8.1 located on chromosomes 1, 2 and 8, respectively, with a contribution rate of 13.00%, 18.95% and 13.29%.There were three QTL sites associated with the longitudinal diameter of the fruit, namely fl.2.1, fl.2.2 and fl.4.1 on chromosomes 2 and 4, with a contribution rate between 6.18%, 4.71% and 4.01%.There was 1 QTL site associated with the transverse diameter of the fruit, located on fd.6.1 on chromosome 6, with a contribution rate of 10.07%; Two QTL sites associated with placenta size were detected, respectively, ps.2.1 and ps.7.1 located on chromosomes 2 and 7, with contribution rates of 4.55% and 5.35%; One QTL site associated with thick pulp was pt.11.1 located on chromosome 11, with a contribution rate of 1.64%; One QTL site associated with single fruit reassociation was detected, sfw.7.1 located on chromosome 7, with a contribution rate of 4.33%.【Conclusion】 In this study, an interspecific genetic map of high-density pepper was constructed, and 16 QTLs sites associated with the main traits of pepper fruit were detected, and the contribution rate ranged from 1.64%~18.95%.

Select

Cloning and sequence analysis of self-incompatibility S-RNase gene from 9 European plum cultivars WANG Yatong, Yumiti Yusufu, GENG Wenjuan, ZHANG Shikui, SUN Zhaozhan, WANG Shaopeng, WANG Shangdong, FAN Guoquan 2023, 60(5): 1162-1169.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (994KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study cloning and sequence analysis of self-incompatibility S-RNase gene from 9 European plum cultivars【Methods】 Leaf genomic DNA of 9 European Prunus varieties were amplified by specific PCR using two pairs of universal primers of Rosaceae, and the fragments were recovered.The cloned sequencing results were compared in GenBank database for homology and sequence analysis.【Result】 Two bands were amplified from 9 European plum cultivars and the S genotypes of 8 European plum cultivars in 9 tested samples were identified.The S genotypes of Richard Early and Stanley were S1S9, and French and Silvia were S1S5.The S genotypes of Uzigan 1, President, Decbrowice and Nmpress were S1S11, S6SSJ, S1SSJ and SSAS11, respectively.Only one S1-RNase allele was identified in Tacheng Suanmei, but the S genotype was not identified.Gene frequency analysis showed that the frequency of S1-RNase gene was the highest, and the frequency of S6-RNase and SSA-RNase gene was the lowest.The phylogenetic tree of Rosaceae showed that SSA, S6, S9, SSJ and S5 were closely related to each other.The S-RNase genes of the tested Prunus species could not cluster into a single subclass, but were interleaved with each other in each branch of Prunus.【Conclusion】 The S genotype of European plum is composed of two different S alleles.Of the nine samples identified, eight European plum cultivars yield the complete S genotype, in which S1-RNase gene appears the highest frequency.The S gene differentiation of Lyaceae plants is earlier than the formation of each species.Evolution within the S gene species takes place in separate systems.

Select

Effects of hard branch grafting on root growth characteristics and anatomical structure of different grape rootstock and scion combinations ZHOU Weiquan, HOU Yixing, LIU Chunyan, Akejulidezi Nuergailide, XUE Jing, LI Shude, ZHOU Long 2023, 60(5): 1170-1180.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1415KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different scions on the survival rate of grape grafting and root characteristics of rootstock and lay a foundation for selecting suitable rootstock-scion combinations.【Methods】 Three different rootstocks including 5BB, 1103P and Shanhe 1 were branch grafted with scions including Hutai 8, Red Globe and Suxin 1, respectively.The survival rate of each combination was counted and the root growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics and the anatomical structure of root tips was observed by paraffin section method.【Results】 Among the nine rootstock and scion combinations, the four rootstock-scion combination with higher grafting survival rate were Suxin 1/ Shanhe 1, Red Globe/ Shanhe 1, Suxin 1/5BB and Hutai 8/Shanhe 1, which were 74.33%, 65.67%, 63.33% and 60.00% respectively.while the graft survival rate of Hutai 8/5BB, Hutai 8/ 1103P and Red Globe/ 5BB combinations were all lower than 40.00%.The root number of Suxin 1/ Shanhe 1 rootstock-scion combination was the highest in three different soil layers, and Hutai 8/Shanhe 1 rootstock-scion combination was the second; Compared with the rootstock-scion combinations of Red Globe/ 1103P, Red Globe/ 5BB and Hutai 8/ 1103P, the root activity, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and SOD enzyme activity of the grafted seedlings of Suxin 1/ Shanhe 1 rootstock combination were significantly higher than those of these rootstock-scion combinations.Different scions had different effects on the diameter, area, density, xylem area and stele area of rootstock root system.The results of correlation analysis showed that except the relative conductivity index, the other indexes were significantly correlated with the grafting survival rate.【Conclusion】 Different scions have effects on the survival rate, root morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics and root tip anatomical structure of rootstocks.Through comprehensive analysis, Shanhe 1 can be used as rootstock for Suxin 1, Hutai 8 and Red Globe, 5BB can be used as rootstock for Suxin 1, and the best rootstock-scion combination is Suxin 1/Shanhe 1.

Select

Changes of nutritional composition of different grades of Aksu sugar core apple under low temperature storage SUN Xiaohui, LI Jing, Merhaba Paerhati, WANG Xian, MA Yu’e, WANG Hui, ZHU Jingrong 2023, 60(5): 1181-1189.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1572KB) ( )   【Objective】 To research the nutritional composition changes of different grades of Aksu sugar core apple during the 120 days storage period under the storage conditions of 3℃ temperature and 85% moisture in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for screening the safe storage period of Aksu sugar core apple and evaluating the storage quality of graded fruit.【Methods】 Vitamin C (VC), soluble solids (SSC), total sugars, reducing sugars, total acids and mineral elements of 5 grades of apples were determined by liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).【Result】 During cryogenic storage, the moisture content of five grades of Aksu sugar core apples did not change significantly, with a decrease rate between 1.0%-2.5%.VC content tended to be stable after 90 days of storage, among which, the loss of VC content inferior fruit was the highest, followed by that in first grade fruit, and the loss of VC in superior fruit and that of the second grade fruit was the least.The SSC content showed a gentle downward trend during storage, and the SSC value of inferior fruit decreased by 5.10%, which was the biggest loss.The overall change trend of total sugar and reducing sugar content was mild and showed a slight fluctuation trend, while the total acid content showed a gentle decline trend.The content of Na increases sharply from 90 to 120 days after storage, the contents of K and P increased slowly, while the contents of Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn and Sr decreased slowly with the increase of storage time.【Conclusion】 Low temperature is beneficial to prolong the storability of Aksu sugar core apple, and can maintain the flavor quality and nutrients of the apple.And the sugar-acid ratio of superior grade and first grade fruits increased at 120 days of storage, and the sweetness of apple taste increased at the end of storage.Inferior fruits with slight scars on the peel of apple suffered more rapid nutritional loss during storage and were not easy to be stored for a long time.

Select

The effect of vermiculite compound matrix on pepper seedling cultivation LIU Yanchen, LIU Zhigang, BAI Xinhui, QIAO Peng, XU Cheng, BAI Huiming, ZHANG Juan 2023, 60(5): 1190-1199.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1182KB) ( )   【Objective】 To select vermiculite from southern Xinjiang compounded with mushroom slag and furnace slag, and to screen the substrate formulation suitable for seedling of pepper in South Xinjiang greenhouse.【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Tarim University Horticultural Experiment Station from May to July 2021.The experiment was conducted in a randomized group design with pure vermiculite as the control, and seven treatment groups were set up to determine the physicochemical properties of different substrate formulations and the growth and physiological indexes of pepper such as plant height, stem thickness, root area and soluble sugar content.【Results】 CK (pure vermiculite) could provide a good root growth environment for pepper, and the physicochemical properties of all treatment combinations met the standards of pepper seedling substrate except for T2 (vermiculite∶ slag∶ mushroom slag volume ratio of 1∶0∶1) and T4 (vermiculite∶ slag∶ mushroom slag volume ratio of 1∶1∶1) treatments.The maximum height of T2 plant was 8.5 cm, the thickest stem thickness of CK was 1.59 cm, the maximum leaf area of T7 (vermiculite∶ slag∶ mushroom slag volume ratio of 4∶1∶1) was 4.41 cm2, the maximum seedling emergence rate of CK was 90%, and the best root growth was 93.25 mm for the main root length, 511.29 mm2 for the root area, 21.33 root tips, and 49.8 mm for the average root length, respectively.49.8 mm, and the physiological indexes of T1 (vermiculite∶ slag∶ mushroom slag volume ratio of 1∶1∶0) were relatively optimal as 0.62 mg/cm2 for Chl a, 0.82 mg/cm2 for Chl a+b, 0.53 mg/cm2 for Caros, 0.66 mS/cm for soluble sugar, 0.78 mS/cm for soluble protein.The highest Chl b and Anths content of CK was 0.25 mg/cm2 and 0.04 mg/cm2 respectively.【Conclusion】 After the comprehensive evaluation,the conclusion is obtained, that is, the synergistic properties of mushroom residue and vermiculite are poor and unsuitable for mixed use in the cultivation of pepper seedlings; the synergistic properties of vermiculite and slag are better, and the analysis of principal components and comprehensive evaluation shows that under the greenhouse conditions in southern Xinjiang, CK (pure vermiculite)is suitable for cultivation of pepper seedlings.

Select

Functional components changes of different apricot cultivars in different development stages LI Shuo, WANG Juan, Nigary Yadikar, ZHU Jinfang, FENG Zuoshan, Parhat Ainiwaer 2023, 60(5): 1200-1207.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (856KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the contents of total sugar, total flavonoids, total phenols and acids content in apricot fruits of different varieties in order to reveal the changes rule of functional components in different developmental stages.【Methods】 The contents of total sugar, total flavone and total phenol of four Xinjiang apricot cultivars were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry and acid content were determined by titration.The fruit quality index of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. was comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis.【Results】 The results showed that the content of total sugar increased, reached the peak at ripening stage, acid content showed a decreasing trend, the total flavonoids content of Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam showed a trend of firstly increasing and then decreasing, which was different from the trend of firstly decreasing and then stabilizing in other apricot varieties.The total flavonoids content of fruitlet Xiaobai apricot reached the highest 2.04 mg/g, while the total flavonoids content of A.sibirica. reached the highest 1.24 mg/g and 1.01 mg/g in turning and green maturation.The total phenolic content of Tuokexun apricot tended to be stable during fruit development, while the other three varieties showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Total phenolic content of green maturation Xiaobai apricot was the highest 6.42 mg/g among different cultivars and development stages.【Conclusion】 The total phenolic content of Xiaobai apricot at green maturation is the highest, and the total flavonoid content of A.sibirica. at green maturation is significantly higher than that of other apricot varieties at the same period.Besides, apricot at green maturation has better taste and larger weight.

Select

Effects of chitosan to pollination solution on fruit setting rate and fruit quality of Korla Fragrant Pear JI Rui, WANG Lan, WANG Zhe, GOU Changqing, HAO Haiting, FENG Hongzu 2023, 60(5): 1208-1215.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (983KB) ( )   【Objective】 By adding chitosan to the pollination solution of Korla Fragrant Pear, the effects of plant immune inducer chitosan on pollen viability, fruit setting rate and fruit quality of Korla Fragrant Pear were investigated, and the most suitable concentration of chitosan was screened out in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the rational use of chitosan in production to improve the pollination efficiency and fruit quality of Korla Fragrant Pear.【Methods】 With pollinated pollen (Yali pear pollen ) and Korla Fragrant Pear tree as test materials, pollen in vitro germination method and field artificial liquid pollination method were used to study the changes of pollinated pollen vitality, fruit setting rate and fruit quality of Korla Fragrant Pear treated with 7 concentrations of chitosan.【Results】 When the concentration of chitosan was 0.25-1.25 mL/L, the pollen germination rate, fruit setting rate and fruit quality could be improved, and 0.5 mL/L was the best.Through independent analysis of each quality index and principal component analysis of fruit quality, it was concluded that 0.5 mL/L chitosan improved the quality of Korla Fragrant Pear while increasing pollen germination rate and fruit setting rate.【Conclusion】 It is recommended to add 0.5 mL/L chitosan as the most suitable amount in the pollination solution of Korla Fragrant Pear.

Select

Effects of sulfur dioxide on sugar content and sugar metabolism pathway in Munage grape CHANG Xuehua, YAN Bowen, ZHAI Rongzhen, ZHANG Zheng, WU Bin, WEI Jia 2023, 60(5): 1216-1225.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1884KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on sugar content and sugar metabolism pathway in Munage grape fruit.【Methods】 The changes of sucrose, glucose and fructose contents in Munage grapes during storage were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and simultaneously, the expression differences of 20 genes related to glucose metabolism were evaluated.【Results】 SO2 treatment significantly increased the glucose content from 0 to 10 days of storage.On the 60th day of storage, the contents of sucrose, glucose and fructose in the SO2-treated grape were increased to varying degrees compared with that of the control group.SO2 up-regulated cell wall invertase (CWINV), neutral/alkaline invertase (CIN), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase1 (Sucrose phosphate synthase1, SPS1) gene expression level to maintaine high sugar content in grape during storage.Moreover, SO2 activated the photosynthetic activity of grape by inducing the expression of hexokinase 2 (HxK2), fructose-bisphosphate Aldolase (FBA), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK).【Conclusion】 SO2 can regulate the expression levels of related genes to modulate the glucose metabolism-related pathways in the postharvest storage of Munage grapes.

Select

Effects on population continuation of Galleria mellonella fed with farmland residual film QIAO Xiaoyan, WANG Bin, SUN Jiusheng, SUN Chen, CUI Lei, HUAI Guolong, CHEN Bolang 2023, 60(5): 1226-1234.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1526KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to study the effects on population continuation of Galleria mellonella fed with farmland residual film.【Methods】 Two generations of Galleria mellonella were reared at constant temperature of 30℃ and 60%±10% RH (relative humidity ) with wheat bran and Xinjiang farmland residual film as feed (MF, 50%NTCM, 100%NTCM).【Results】 The results showed that: (1) The feeding amount of wheat bran decreased with the increase of residual film addition (P<0.05).The feeding amount of residual film increased with the increase of residual film addition.The second generation of each treatment consumed less wheat bran than the first generation, while the amount of residual film consumed increased.The total feeding amount of farmland residual film and wheat bran decreased with the increase of residual film addition.The total feeding amount of MF treatment was lower than that of the first generation, and that of 50%NTCM and 100%NTCM treatment was higher than that of the second generation.(2) The pupal weight and pupal length decreased with the increase of residual film addition, and the pupal weight and pupal length of the second generation were lower than those of the first generation (P>0.05).Different treatments had no significant effect on the body weight of male and female moths, and the body weight of the second generation of male and female moths in each treatment was lower than that of the first generation (P>0.05).There were no significant change rules in the body length of male and female moths in different treatments.(3) The egg-production of female moths decreased with the increase of residual film.The egg-production of the second generation of 100%NTCM treatment was greater than that of the first generation (P>0.05).The egg-production of the second generation of MF and 50%NTCM treatment was less than that of the first generation (P<0.05).The hatching rate decreased with the increase of residual film addition (P>0.05), and the hatching rate of the second generation was less than that of the first generation (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 With different proportions of Xinjiang farmland residual film and wheat bran as feed, the feeding amount of residual film by Galleria Mellonella larvae decreased with the increase of wheat bran addition.The feeding amount of wheat bran of the second generation of each treatment was lower than that of the first generation, but the amount of residual film increased.The pupal weight and pupal length decreased with the increase of residual film addition, and the pupal weight and pupal length of the second generation were lower than those of the first generation.Different treatments had no significant effect on the body weight of male and female moths, and the body weight of the second generation was lower than that of the first generation, but there was no significant change rules in the body length of male and female moths.The egg-production and hatching rate decreased with the increase of residual film.The hatching rate of the second generation was less than that of the first generation, but the egg-production of 100%NTCM treatment of the second generation was greater than that of the first generation.

Select

Prediction of suitable areas and quantitative risk analysis of willow phytoplasma diseases in China based on MaxEnt model LI Jingxia, ZHANG Xuexiang, LI Feng, MA Sijie, ZHANG Ping, ZHU Tiansheng 2023, 60(5): 1235-1243.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1149KB) ( )   【Objective】 To better understand the potential spread and risk of willow phytoplasma in China.【Methods】 In combination with ArcGIS software, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to predict the extent of willow phytoplasma in China's adaptive zones, and the model precision was validated by subject working characteristics (ROC), combined with jackknife-test screening for dominant environmental variables. At the same time, a quantitative analysis system of pest risk was set up to calculate the risk value of willow phytoplasma and evaluate it.【Results】The mean area (AUC) under the ROC curve of the MaxEnt model for willow phytoplasma was 0.9795, indicating that the model predicted reliable results. Willow phytoplasma is mainly concentrated in the northwestern, central, eastern, southwestern, northern, and northeastern regions of China in the temperate zones of 22°36'~49°10'N、73°40'~135°05'°E. Among them, the highly suitable areas are mainly in the northwest, central and eastern China, while the moderately suitable areas are mainly in the northeast and central China. The low-conforming areas are mainly in the northeast and southwest, while the non-conforming areas are mainly in southern China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Analysis of the significance of environmental variables obtained by the MaxEnt model formalization training gain cutter method showed that the coldest season mean temperature (Bio11) and driest monthly precipitation (Bio14) had the greatest impact on the distribution of willow phycoplasmosis in China, contributing 72.1% and 17.4%, respectively. Isothermia (Bio3), driest quarterly precipitation (Bio17), coldest quarterly precipitation (Bio19), driest quarterly mean temperature (Bio9) had an impact, contributing 3.7%, 3.7%, 1.9%, 1.2%, in order of magnitude. This means that cooler, drier areas are conducive to the development of willow mycoplasmosis. The risk analysis resulted in the creation of a comprehensive multi-indicator evaluation system with 5 guideline levels and 14 indicator levels, and the quantitative analysis of each indicator level showed that willow phytoplasma had a risk value (R value) of 1.997 in our country, which is considered to be a moderately hazardous forest pest.【Conclusion】 The risk of willow phytoplasma is high, so it is necessary to establish a surveillance system and take effective control measures against the disease.

Microbes·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

Select

Analysis of biological properties and chemical components of Inonotus obliquus in xinjiang HUA Lanlan, LIN Qing, SHI Hongling, WANG Na, LOU Kai, LI Jinyu, HUO Xiangdong 2023, 60(5): 1244-1252.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1171KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim is to analyze the biological characteristics and chemical constituents of Inonotus obliquus in Xinjiang.【Methods】 A strain HS819, which was isolated from sclerotium was collected from Altay, Xinjiang.The carbon source utilization patterns of the strain were characterized by Biolog FF microplate.Chemical components of the nucleus, mycelium and fermentation broth detected in mineral ether were extracted and analyzed by using GC-MS.【Results】 The result of the ITS blast showed that the similarity between strain HS819 and Inonotus obliquus strain PAT29027 (OP019327) was 99.73%.And the strain was identified as Inonotus obliquus by the morphological characteristics of sclerotium, colony, hyphae and phylogenetic analysis.Strain HS819 had the strongest metabolic ability to seven carbon sources, such as D-ribose, glycyl-L-glutamic acid, salicin, β-methyl-D-galactoside, α-keto-glutaric acid, D-cellobiose, and L-glutamic acid.There were 43, 39 and 38 different chemical components detected in sclerotium, mycelium and fermentation broth by using GC-MS, respectively.The relative content of hydrocarbons, acids and lipids was significantly higher than that of aldehydes and alcohols, of which acids were the main components of sclerotium and mycelium, accounting for 66.07% and 60.03% of the total components, respectively, and hydrocarbons were the main components in fermentation broth, accounting for 54.01%.【Conclusion】 Cellulose and hemicellulose are the main components in carbon source utilization to strain HS819.There are significant differences in the types and contents of chemical components detected in the natural environment and the liquid fermentation process of the strain.The differential expression of genes may be related to biological stress and growth environment in the two states.

Select

Analysis of rhizospheric bacterial community structure and diversity of Hami melon under field cultivation TIAN Jingyu, GAO Yan, GAO Xingwang, ZENG Jun, ZHAO Pengan, Subinuer Julaiti 2023, 60(5): 1253-1262.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1326KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study focusing on the change pattern of rhizospheric bacterial community structure was conducted in the hope of providing guidance.The results provided a theoretical basis for screening functional strains and prevention of continuous cropping obstacles of Hami melon.【Methods】 The study took rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil from the three Hami melon in the hometown of melon in Wujiaqu City in Xinjiang as research object.Then the differences of soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities structure was compared and the correlation of bacterial richness and physicochemical properties was analyzed.【Results】 The results showed that pH value significantly increased after Hami melon cultivation (P<0.05), while the soil organic matter, total phosphorus, total potassium decreased (P<0.05).Both bacterial α and β diversity indexes showed a slight decreasing trend after Hami melon cultivation, but the differences were not significant.Additionally, Hami melon cultivation evidently altered the soil bacterial community’s structure.In the study, 43 phylum, 103 classes, 271 orders, 440 families, 820 genera were obtained and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexi, Myxococcota, Firmicutes were predominant bacterial phyla.Hami melon cultivation led to an imbalance of the soil bacterial community structure.At the phyla level, the abundance of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi decreased, the abundance of Firmicutes increased.The results of db-RDA showed that soil pH and TP had the most significant influence on the bacterial communities of rhizosphere soil.【Conclusion】 Hami melon cultivation can significantly affect the soil physicochemical properties, leading to significant changes of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure.

Select

Inoculation technology and field application of cotton rhizosphere phosphorus-solubilizing P.Taiwanensis WJP-7 WANG Ning, SHI Yingwu, NIU Xinxiang, YANG Hongmei, CHU Min, ZHAN Faqiang, BAO Huifang, YANG Rong, LONG Xuanqi, DING Rongrong 2023, 60(5): 1263-1270.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (913KB) ( )   【Objective】 Inoculation technology and field application of cotton rhizosphere phosphorus-solubilizing P.Taiwanensis WJP-7.【Method】 In this paper, the self-selected high-efficiency phosphorus-dissolving strain P.taiwanensis WJP-7 was used as the starting strain, and it was propagated and cultured in the optimized Pseudomonas fermentation medium.【Results】 The results showed that the shake flask fermentation medium was optimized by orthogonal experiment, and the medium formula was determined as: peptone 20 g/L, magnesium chloride 15 g/L, potassium sulfate 1.4 g/L.The number of viable cells reached 3.6×109CFU/mL.The maximum viable bacteria count of the optimal medium for enrichment fermentation in shake flask was 3.60×109CFU/mL.The control effect of strain WJP-7 water treatment on Verticillium wilt at flowering stage was 44.57%, and the control effect at flocculation stage was 50.53%.The application of microbial inoculants on cotton field soils had no significant increase in total nitrogen content (P>0.05), but significant effects on other nutrients and pH values (P<0.05).The yield increase rates were 14.35% and 19.51%.【Conclusion】 The shake flask fermentation medium of Pseudomonas Taiwan WJP-7 was optimized by orthogonal experiment.Except for the total nitrogen content in cotton field soil, it has a significant effect on other nutrients and pH value (P<0.05), with a significant yield increase effect.

Select

A comparative study on reproductive performance, serum hormone levels and gene expression between Yili goose and hortobágy goose TANG Bihui, ZHANG Lihua, LI Haiying, ZHANG Chong, JIANG Tinghao, ZHAO Xiaoyu, JIANG Teng, DING Yawen, WU Yingping, ZHAO Quanzhuang 2023, 60(5): 1271-1280.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1238KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the differences between the production performance, hatching performance, serum reproductive hormone levels and the expression of genes related to goose reproductive performance in different tissues of Yili and Hortobágy geese in the hope of providing theoretical support for crossbreeding improvement of Yili geese.【Method】 In this experiment, 120 2-year-old Yili geese and 120 Hortobágy geese, each in good health, with consistent feeding conditions and in egg-laying stage, were selected for the determination of egg production, serum hormone levels and the expression of BMP2, BMP6, MIS, ENO1 and EP300 genes.【Result】 ①The egg production rate, daily egg production, average daily feed intake, average egg weight and egg shape of Yili geese were significantly or highly significantly lower than those of Khordaji geese (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the material-to-egg ratio was significantly higher than that of Khordaji geese (P<0.01); in terms of hatching performance, the fertilization rate and fertilized egg hatching rate of Yili geese were significantly or highly significantly lower than those of Khordaji geese (P< 0.05 or P<0.01), and the rest of the indicators were not significantly different.②The serum levels of GnRH, LH, FSH, E2 and P4 in Yili geese were significantly or extremely significantly lower than those in Holdorbagi geese (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the PRL level was significantly higher than that in Holdorbagi geese (P<0.05).③In terms of gene expression, the expressions of ENO1 and MIS genes of Yili geese were significantly lower than those of Hortobágy geese (P<0.05 or P<0.01); in the pituitary gland, the expression of MIS, ENO1 and BMP6 genes in Yili geese was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that in Holdorbagi geese (P< 0.05 or P<0.01); in the ovary, the expression of ENO1 and MIS genes in Yili geese was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that in Holdorbagi geese (P<0.05 or P<0.01); in the fallopian tube, the expression of ENO1 and EP300 genes in Yili geese was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that in Holdorbagi geese (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and there were no significant differences in the expression of other genes (P > 0.05).【Conclusion】 Fertilization rate and hatching rate of fertilized eggs in Yili geese are lower than those in Holdorbagi geese, and the serum reproductive hormones are lower than those in Holdorbagi geese except that the PRL level was higher than that in Holdorbagi geese.The differences in gene expression of BMP2, BMP6, MIS, ENO1 and EP300 may affect the differences in follicular development between geese of different breeds, thus regulating the reproductive performance of geese.

Select

Correlation analysis of growth and development rules and body weight and body size of Yemili chickens LI Jiahui, ZHAO Xiaoyu, LI Haiying, ZHANG Lihua, ZHANG Jie, WEI Yan, ZHOU jun, ZHAO Quanzhuang, LI Zongfu 2023, 60(5): 1281-1291.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1163KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment is to study the growth and development rules of Yemili chickens and the correlation between body weight and body size indexes, so as to provide theoretical basis for scientific feeding and management of Yemili chickens.【Methods】 A total of 200 Yemili chickens (half male and half female) aged 0 days in the same batch with good health condition were selected, and their body weight and body size data of 0-20 weeks of age were measured and recorded.After the fitting analysis of the growth curve of the weight of males and hens by Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy models, the correlation analysis of body weight and body size was carried out based on the results of week age at inflection point.【Results】 After 2 weeks of age, the body weight of cocks was significantly higher than that of hens (P < 0.01), and the growth peak of cocks and hens was reached at 8 weeks of age and 6 weeks of age, respectively.Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy growth models all fitted the growth curve of Yemili chickens well, and the fitting degree was above 0.995, among which Gompertz model was the best one for the growth and development process of Yemili chicken body weight.In terms of body size, body oblique length, keel length, shin circumference, shin length, chest depth and back width of cocks at 2-20 weeks of age were significantly higher than those of hens (P< 0.01).The chest circumference of cocks aged 4-6 weeks was significantly higher than that of hens (P< 0.05), and that of cocks aged 8-20 weeks was significantly higher than that of hens (P< 0.01).The chest width of cocks at 6-20 weeks of age was significantly higher than that of hens (P< 0.01).In addition, correlation analysis showed that the body weight of 8-week-old cocks was positively correlated with body oblique length, chest depth, chest width and back width (P< 0.01).Body weight was positively correlated with keel length, chest circumference and tibial length (P< 0.05).The body weight of hens was positively correlated with keel length and breast width (P< 0.01).Body weight was positively correlated with body oblique length, chest circumference, tibial length, chest depth and back width (P< 0.05).【Conclusion】 In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the growth curve of Yemili chickens is nearly "S" shape, and the best fitting model for body weight growth rule is the Gompertz model.Body oblique length, chest depth, chest width and back width could be used as indicators for the early weight selection of cocks, and keel length and chest width could be used as indicators for the early weight selection of hens.

Select

Genetic diversity analysis of xinjiang sheep with fine wool based on whole-genome Re-sequencing CHEN Kaixu, GUO Cuijie, YANG Fan, REN Feier, LI Xiaobin, LIU Wujun 2023, 60(5): 1292-1300.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (992KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the genetic diversity of Xinjiang sheep with fine wool by whole-genome resequencing.【Methods】 Whole-genome resequencing data of Xinjiang sheep with fine wool and whole-genome resequencing data of Bayinbruck, Altay, and Qira black sheep downloaded from NCBI were used to assess the existing genetic diversity status of different sheep breeds by detecting nucleotide polymorphism, calculating population differentiation index, watching/observing heterozygosity, and conducting genetic diversity analysis.【Results】 97647435 high-quality autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and 15886270 insertions or deletions (Indel) were obtained by whole-genome resequencing.The genetic diversity level of Xinjiang fine-wool sheep was significantly lower than that of Altay sheep and that of Bayinbruck sheep and slightly higher than that of Qira black sheep.The order of genetic diversity of 4 sheep populations was: Altay sheep > Bayinbruck sheep > Qira black sheep > Xinjiang fine-wool sheep.【Conclusion】 The genetic diversity of Xinjiang fine-wool sheep is relatively low in the 4 sheep populations chosen in this study.