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20 June 2023, Volume 60 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special volume for green, yield increasing, quality improving and eficiency improving technologies for major grain crops in Xinjiang
Germplasm Resources·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry·Soil Fertilizer·Molecular Genetics
Microbes·Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing
Plant Protection·Forestry·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian


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Special volume for green, yield increasing, quality improving and eficiency improving technologies for major grain crops in Xinjiang

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Effects of sowing date on stem traits and population dynamics of ultra late winter wheat TIAN Wenqiang, DONG Yanxue, SHI Yongqing, LEI Junjie, SUN Ganggang, WANG Hongyi, NIE Lingfan, GOU Fei, AI Hongyu, SHI Shubing, ZHANG Jinshan 2023, 60(6): 1301-1307.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (823KB) ( )   【Objective】 To further explore the rules of stem traits and population dynamic changes of ultra-late sowing winter wheat in northern Xinjiang and study the growth difference between ultra-late sowing wheat and suitable sowing wheat in the hope of providing some theoretical basis for the winter wheat's high yield.【Methods】 Using a randomized block design, five ultra late sowing dates (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) were set up, and local suitable sowing dates were used as control (CK). The differences in dynamic changes in stem traits, population total stem number, leaf area index (LAI), and dry matter weight of wheat main stem tillers were compared among wheat of different sowing dates.【Results】 Compared with CK, the average evenness of main stem and tiller of ultra late sowing wheat decreased by 11.19% and 25.99%, the average plant height decreased by 5.35% and 6.70%, the total internode length decreased by 9.27% and 14.83%, the third internode length decreased by 18.05% and 22.18%, the fourth internode length decreased by 25.73% and 11.89%, and the evenness of each treatment, plant height, and internode length of ultra late sowing wheat were the smallest in T3 treatment; The average internode diameter of the main stem had almost no difference, and the average internode diameter of the tiller decreased by 7.05%. The diameter indexes of T3 treatment were larger than those of other ultra late sowing wheat treatments; The peak value of total stem number decreased by 20.26% compared to the peak value of CK, the peak value of leaf area index decreased by 28.79%, and the dry matter weight at maturity decreased by 17.01%. With the growth of ultra late sowing wheat, the total stem number was the highest in T1 and the lowest in T3, both of the leaf area index and the dry matter weight were T1>T4>T2>T5>T3.【Conclusion】 Compared with winter wheat sown at suitable time, the plant height and uniformity of ultra late sown wheat in northern Xinjiang decrease, the difference in internode diameter is small, the total stem number, leaf area index, and dry matter of the population significantly decrease, and the population quality is poor. Through comprehensive consideration, ultra-late sowing wheat should be sown from late October to early November when there is no snow or frozen soil in the field, the emergence rate is high, thus obtaining a more reasonable population.

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Retrieval of wheat photosynthetic parameters at different growth stages based on UAV multispectral images DONG Deyu, CHENG Yukun, WANG Rui, LEI Junjie, WANG Wei, CHEN Chuanxin, ZHENG Yongqiang, GENG Hongwei 2023, 60(6): 1308-1318.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1456KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the feasibility of real-time monitoring of winter wheat photosynthesis based on UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) multi-spectral image and the influence of winter wheat with different growth status on the estimation model.【Methods】 In this study, 16 winter wheat varieties were selected as experimental materials, based on the UAV multispectral image data obtained at different growth stages under the nitrogen free level of N0(0 kg N/667m2) and the normal nitrogen application level of N1(15 kg N/667m2).【Results】 Combined with the measured data of four photosynthetic parameters (intercellular carbon dioxide (Ci), stomatal conductance (Ti), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Gs) in the same period, the estimation models of four photosynthetic parameters under normal nitrogen application were established by gradient enhanced regression and ridge regression, respectively.Then, the estimation model was used to estimate the four photosynthetic parameters of anthesis and whole growth period under nitrogen free treatment.The results showed: that gradient enhanced regression could better predict the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) at flowering stage under nitrogen application, and the determination coefficient (R2) was 0.82.The prediction accuracy of Ci, Gs and Ti were 0.44, 0.64 and 0.48, respectively.In the absence of nitrogen application, the estimation accuracy of Pn, Gs and Ti was greater than 0.5.In ridge regression, Pn, Gs and Ti with R2>0.5 were the four photosynthetic parameters during the whole growth period under normal N application, while Gs and Pn with R2>0.5 were the prediction determination coefficients under no N treatment.【Conclusion】 The real-time monitoring of wheat photosynthetic parameters at different growth stages can be achieved by combining vegetation index obtained from UAV multi-spectral images with gradient enhanced regression and ridge regression.

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Effects of combined application of nitrogen enhancer and nitrogen reduction on leaf physiology and yield of winter wheat ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, LEI Junjie, LIU Changwen 2023, 60(6): 1319-1325.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1068KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the application effect of nitrogenous fertilizer synergizer in wheat nitrogen fertilizer reduction, so as to provide guidance for combined application of nitrogenous fertilizer synergizer and nitrogenous fertilizer reduction in winter wheat production and application.【Methods】 From 2020 to 2021, a total of 7 treatments including 5 N fertilizer reduction combined with application (5% N reduction +CP, 15% N reduction +CP, 25% N reduction +CP, 35% N reduction +CP, 45% N reduction +CP), 1 farm household model and 1 no N application control were set up under field conditions with nitrogen fertilizer synergant (CP) as experimental material. The effects of different treatments on leaf SPAD value, photosynthetic physiology, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat were studied.【Results】 Under the condition of nitrogen fertilizer synergist (CP), the SPAD value of flag leaf of winter wheat still increased when nitrogen was reduced by 5%-25%, and decreased when nitrogen was reduced by 35%-45%. Pn, Tr and Gs of winter wheat flag leaves were significantly increased at 5% nitrogen reduction, slightly increased at 15% nitrogen reduction, slightly decreased at 25% nitrogen reduction, and significantly decreased at 35%-45% nitrogen reduction. Ci of winter wheat flag leaf showed the opposite trend to Pn, Tr and Gs. Under N reduction mode, CP increased the number of effective ears and grains per ear, but reduced the 1000-grain weight of winter wheat. Compared with the farmer model, the wheat yield increased by 1.60%-5.88% when nitrogen was reduced by 5%-25%, and the wheat yield decreased by 6.22%-19.32% when nitrogen was reduced by 35%-45%. Compared with the farm household model, CP improved the agronomic use efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer on the whole.【Conclusion】 The winter wheat could still increase yield when the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 15%-25% and the nitrogen fertilizer synergist was applied, and the winter wheat could reduce nitrogen without reducing yield.

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Effects of temperature and salt stress on seed germination characteristics of Descurainia sophia LAI Hanlin, SHEN Yuyang, CHEN Li, YANG Hong, LI Yue, LEI Junjie, LI Guangkuo, GAO Haifeng 2023, 60(6): 1326-1334.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1426KB) ( )   【Objective】 Based on the serious problem of the occurrence and harm of Descurainia sophia in the wheat field in southern Xinjiang, the relationship between seed germination and temperature and salinity was studied in this experiment in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the scientific control of Descurainia sophia in wheat field.【Method】 The seeds of Descurainia sophia were treated with 10-30℃ temperature and stress ranging and 50-200 mmol/L NaCl to determined the germination potential, germination percentage, germination length, germination weight, germination index and vigor index.【Result】 The seeds of Descurainia sophia could germinate between 10℃ and 25℃, and the optimum germination temperature was 20℃.The germination potential, germination percentage, germination length, germination weight, germination index and vigor index of Descurainia sophiawere the highest at 20℃, which were 81.50%, 84.00%, 12.00, 2.88 cm, 2.00 mg and 34.55, respectively.The seeds of Descurainia sophia could germinate at the concentration of NaCl between 50 mmol/L and 150 mmol/L, but could not germinate when the concentration exceeded 200 mmol/L.With the increase of NaCl concentration, the seed germination percentage of Descurainia sophia decreased gradually.When NaCl concentration was 150 mmol/L, the seed germination percentage was only 3.50%.【Conclusion】 The optimum germination temperature of Descurainia sophia seeds is 20℃ and NaCl stress significantly can decrease the germination percentage, germination index and vigor index of Descurainia sophia seeds.

Germplasm Resources·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry·Soil Fertilizer·Molecular Genetics

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Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizer on yield, nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and utilization, and soil fertility of the extremely-late winter sown wheat LAI Ning, GENG Qinglong, LI Yongfu, LI Na, XIN Huinan, BU Shengbing, CHEN Shuhuang 2023, 60(6): 1335-1343.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (871KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with humic acid organic fertilizer on yield, nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and utilization, and soil fertility of the extremely-late winter sown wheat in Northern Xinjiang in the hope of providing scientific basis and reference for fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase, soil fertility improvement and adjustment of wheat fertilizer structure in Xinjiang.【Methods】 Seven treatments were designed, including (1) conventional N fertilization, NF; (2) optimized fertilization (80% conventional N fertilization), OPT; (3) no N fertilizer, N0; (4) no P fertilizer, P0; (5) OPT application combined with humic acid fertilizer 1.80 kg/hm2, NM1; (6) OPT application combined with humic acid fertilizer 3.60 kg/hm2, NM2; (7) OPT application combined with humic acid fertilizer 5.40 kg/hm2, NM3. 【Results】 Compared with NF, application of 80 % conventional N fertilization combined with different doses of humic acid fertilizer in extremely-late winter sown wheat, the spike number increased by 16.42%-24.16%, grain number increased by 4.35%-12.42%, the yield increased by 13.93%-32.48 %, the total nitrogen uptake increased by 2.08%-9.83%, the total nitrogen uptake increased by 16.08%-30.62%, REN increased by 34.92%-71.68%, AEN increased by 164.49%-350.28%, PFPN increased by 42.41%-65.61%, R {E_{\mathrm{P}}}_{}increased by 87.23%-166.09%. AEP increased by 166.67%-388.30%, PFPP increased by 13.92%-32.49%. and in 0-20 cm soil, the total nitrogen content increased by 7.59%-46.84%, the organic matter content increased by 31.79%-50.76%, the available phosphorus content increased by 63.31%-78.92%, the available potassium content increased by 12.63%-17.20%. 【Conclusion】 80% conventional N fertilization application combined with humic acid fertilizer 5.40 kg/hm2 has best effect on improving the yield nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and utilization and soil fertility of extremely-late winter sown wheat in northern Xinjiang.

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Effects of drip irrigation capillary spacing and emitter spacing on the spatial distribution of soil water, root morphology and yield of uniformly sown winter wheat LUO Siwei, JIA Yonghong, ZHANG Jinshan, WANG Kai, LI Dandan, WANG Runqi, DONG Yanxue, SHI Shubing 2023, 60(6): 1344-1352.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1340KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to identify the optimum of drip irrigation under the tridimensional uniform sowing mode of winter wheat.【Methods】 The experiment was designed with a split-split plot arrangement of Xindong 22 cultivar, the main plot were the main dripper spacing including two treatments: 20 cm (T1) and 30 cm (T2), the sub-plot were drop spacing including 5 levels: 30 cm (D1),40 cm (D2), 50 cm (D3), 60 cm (D4), and 70cm (D5). The effects of drip irrigation capillary spacing and emitter spacing on the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture, root dry quality, root morphology, yield formation and economic benefit of uniform-sown winter wheat.【Results】 At the appropriate dripper spacing and capillary spacing, T1D1,T1D3 and T2D1 and T2D2 were conducive to soil moisture, and the dry quality, root morphology, soil moisture content, water use efficiency and yield are maintained at a high level, and T1D2 performed optimally;T1D5 and T2D5 performed the least when the capillary spacing and dripper spacing were too large. The yield was best performed in T1D2, with a value of 9,247.95 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】 According to its output and input, the treatment of capillary spacing 50 cm and dripper spacing 20 cm is the best drip irrigation combination at the same irrigation quota in this experiment.

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Identification and evaluation of salt tolerance at germination stage of introduced spring wheat varieties WANG Xingzhou, SHI Xiaolei, ZHANG Heng, QU Kejia, GENG Hongwei, DING Sunlei, ZHANG Jinbo, YAN Yongliang 2023, 60(6): 1353-1362.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (993KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of the current study is to explore the excellent germplasm resources of foreign introduced spring wheat varieties and screen out the varieties with strong salt tolerance in the of providing a preliminary foundation for the screening of salt tolerance identification indexes and breeding of salt tolerance varieties of wheat at germination stage. 【Methods】 77 spring wheat germplasm resources introduced from abroad were evaluated in laboratory under salt stress treated with 200 mmol/L NaCl solution. Ten traits such as longest root length, seedling height, root number, coleoptile, root fresh weight, seedling fresh weight, root dry weight and seedling dry weight were determined. The membership function, cluster analysis and factor analysis were used to evaluate the salt tolerance of wheat at germination stage.【Results】 10 traits were significantly different among 77 spring wheat germplasm resources. Under salt stress, the measured values of each index were significantly decreased compared with the photographic contrast, and the correlation analysis among each index showed positive relationships. It was found that the salt tolerance of different wheat varieties showed great difference by using membership function, and the D value varied from 0.08 to 0.77. 77 test materials could be divided into four categories according to salt tolerance. 17 wheat varieties including Chenglimara were salt tolerant, 36 wheat varieties including Seto were moderate salt tolerant, 16 wheat varieties including Kenya 178 Q8 were salt sensitive, and 8 wheat varieties including Sea Wari 48 were salt sensitive. The load of fresh weight and root number on biomass factor and root trait factor were 0.87 and 0.62, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The study has proven that the seedling fresh weight and root number can be used as reliable indexes to identify salt tolerance of wheat at germination stage.

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Evaluation of drought resistance of introduced spring wheat under PEG treatment QU Kejia, SHI Xiaolei, ZHANG Heng, WANG Xingzhou, GENG Hongwei, DING Sunlei, ZHANG Jinbo, YAN Yongliang 2023, 60(6): 1363-1371.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (760KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the morphological changes of drought resistance of spring wheat introduced from abroad at seedling stage, clarify the drought resistance of different varieties, and screen out the wheat varieties with strong drought resistance in the hope of providing references for the selection of drought-resistant identification indicators in the seedling stage and the breeding of drought-resistant varieties.【Methods】 In this study, 83 foreign introduced varieties were used as materials, and PEG-6000 was applied to conduct drought resistance test at seedling stage to study the morphological changes of wheat roots in this stage.【Results】 Under drought stress conditions, the root traits of wheat were significantly different from those of the control.Except for the average root diameter, 7 root traits, including total root length and longest root length, showed a downward trend; the correlation analysis results showed that the average root diameter was the total root length, the longest root length, the number of root tips and the root dry weight showed a very significant negative correlation, and the other traits showed a very significant positive correlation.The root surface area drought resistance coefficient was related to the total root length drought resistance coefficient and the root volume drought resistance coefficient.The correlation coefficient was the highest, reaching 0.752 and 0.855, respectively; the principal component analysis divided the 8 root traits of wheat into root elongation factors and root extension factors; according to cluster analysis, 83 introduced spring wheat varieties were divided into 4 categories: drought resistance (5), moderate drought resistance (37), drought sensitivity (33) and drought highly sensitivity (8); the drought resistance of wheat varieties was evaluated comprehensively by membership function method, and the D values of Seto wheat, SeaWari48 and Cnt1 were higher.【Conclusion】 The spring wheat seedling drought resistance evaluation test divided the materials into four types: drought-resistant, medium-drought-resistant, drought-sensitive and drought-highly-sensitive.According to the results of comprehensive cluster analysis and comprehensive evaluation, the varieties with better drought resistance are Sea Wari 48, Cnt 1, and Seto wheat.

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Expression analysis of ZmCDPK22 gene in maize under drought stress SHAO Panxia, ZHAO Zhun, SHAO Wukui, HAO Xiaoyan, GAO Shengqi, LI Jianping, HU Wenran, HUANG Quansheng 2023, 60(6): 1372-1378.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1143KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to explore the functional characteristics of ZmCDPK22 gene in maize. We predict the function of ZmCDPK22 theoretically through analysing evolutionary relationships among species and protein interactions. Taking water content of leaf as an index of drought stress to determine the expression characteristics of ZmCDPK22 under drought stress. 【Methods】 The basic characteristics of ZmCDPK22 and its relative expression patterns in response to drought stress were analyzed by bioinformatics and RT-qPCR. 【Results】 The ZmCDPK22 protein had a molecular weight of 60,731.91 and a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.44 and which encoding a hydrophilic protein with molecular formula C2675H4217N779O798S21and 539 amino acids. The protein was mainly localized in the nucleus and had no signal peptide and transmembrane structure. Protein-protein interaction prediction result showed that ZmCDPK22 could interact with ten proteins, and it belongs to the PK_like subfamily. The promoter region of ZmCDPK22 containd a large number of Cis-acting elements such as light response and hormone response. qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression of ZmCDPK22 was different under different water content. Compared with 87%water content of leaf, the relative expression of ZmcDPK22 decreased gradually with the decrease of water content of leavf. The relative expression of ZmcDPK22 was the highest when the water content was 78%, and the lowest when the water content was 33%. 【Conclusion】 The expression of this gene was different in different water content of leaves, indicating that this gene was responsive to drought stress and might play a role in drought response.

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Evolution of main characters of maize varieties approved in Xinjiang and Ningxia over the years and analysis of the current situation of variety approval LU Yantian, SANG Zhiqin, XU Can, ZHANG Li, XIA Chunlan, WANG Youde, LI Wei, CHEN Shubin 2023, 60(6): 1379-1388.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1728KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the changing trend of plant architecture, yield and quality traits of approved maize varieties in Xinjiang and Ningxia over the years, as well as the breeding units and parental sources of approved varieties, explore the correlation between different traits, understand the impact of the replacement of approved varieties on maize variety breeding in the hope of providing a reference for future breeding direction.【Methods】 The 529 maize varieties approved by Xinjiang and Ningxia from 2000 to 2020 were collected and sorted.The plant type, yield, yield components and quality correlation of 81.28% of ordinary maize varieties were analyzed.【Results】 (1) The interannual difference of varieties was very significant.With the change of years, the plant height and yield of approved varieties in Xinjiang and Ningxia increased significantly by 1.06, 1.91cm, 103.08 and 219.62 kg/hm2 respectively; The number of branches, growth period and ear length of male panicle decreased significantly by 0.46, 0.45, 1.00,0.67 d, 0.07 and 0.06 cm respectively; The changes of quality characters of approved varieties in Xinjiang and Ningxia were quite different.The volume weight, crude protein and lysine contents of approved varieties in Ningxia increased significantly, with an average annual increase of 2.16%, 0.50% and 0.002% respectively.The crude starch content of approved varieties in Xinjiang increased significantly, with an average annual increase of 3.54%.The other characters of the approved varieties in Xinjiang and Ningxia showed an upward or downward trend in varying degrees, but the range was not significant.(2) Correlation analysis showed that the 18 traits of maize varieties approved in the two provinces were closely related, and their synergistic or inhibitory effects formed the (DUS) characteristics of maize varieties.(3) Through PCA analysis, seven principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 65.966% to the overall variance were screened out in Ningxia, and five principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 71.262% to the overall variance were screened out in Xinjiang.Plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, yield and lysine content were always selected.(4) In terms of the number of approved varieties, seed companies accounted for 71.22%, ranking first, but the breeding efficiency of scientific research institutes was the highest, with an average of 3.55.The number of parents of approved varieties in Xinjiang and Ningxia also increased year by year, which greatly enriched the germplasm resources.【Conclusion】 In the process of variety replacement, plant height, number of branches per tassel, growth period, yield and yield components were relatively fast traits for variety improvement in the two provinces, while the change trend of quality traits was different between the two provinces.At the same time, the number of approved varieties in the two provinces is currently atthe forefront of seed industry companies.The number of newly named parental inbred lines in the approved varieties has increased rapidly, resulting in the statistical parent reuse rate decreasing year by year.

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Effects of fertilizer and salt regulation on cotton growth and yield under plastic film drip irrigation JIANG Zhu, ZHANG Jianghui, BAI Yungang, YANG Pengnian, LIU Hongbo, XIAO Jun, LIU Xuhui 2023, 60(6): 1389-1397.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1080KB) ( )   【Objective】 Fertilizer and salt using salt water resources under film salt water drip irrigation aiming at the arid environment in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 In this experiment, different salt water mixing ratio of light and salt water and nitrogen application were set, the cotton growth indexes in different reproductive periods were observed, and the water and nitrogen utilization efficiency was analyzed through the final yield to determine the appropriate mixing proportion of light and salt water and nitrogen application rate.【Results】 the growth indexes and yield of cotton were significantly affected by the salinity of irrigation water and the amount of nitrogen application(P<0.05); With the increase of salinity of irrigation water, the growth indexes of cotton and the yield of seed cotton decreased significantly(P<0.001), while the increase of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly improve the growth indexes of cotton and the yield of seed cotton(P<0.05). Mixing fresh water and salt water for irrigation can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of irrigation fresh water(P<0.001); At the same time, increasing nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve the irrigation fresh water use efficiency(P<0.001) and water use efficiency(P<0.05), while the partial fertilizer productivity decreases(P<0.001); Therefore, when reusing the mixed irrigation of salt water and fresh water, in addition to controlling the salinity of mixed irrigation water, it is also necessary to control the amount of nitrogen application while increasing the yield and ensuring the nitrogen use efficiency.【Conclusion】 Under the condition of reducing the use of fresh water by 20%, the yield (6,829.80 kg/hm2) and water use efficiency (0.97 kg/m3) reach the control treatment level.

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Study on Spring Wheat Varieties and Fertilization Optimization in the Loess Plateau of Longzhong LIU Xingyu, YUAN Jianyu, LI Guang, ZHANG Juan, XU Wanheng, ZHANG Xiaxia 2023, 60(6): 1398-1405.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1256KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of different fertilization and varieties on the nutrient content and yield of dry-farming spring wheat in the Loess Plateau of Gansu Province and screen high-yield and high-efficiency combinations of fertilization and varieties.【Method】 The spring wheat in the Loess Plateau of Longzhong was used as the research object to analyze different fertilization (N: single application of organic fertilizer, M: single application of nitrogen fertilizer, NM: combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer) and different varieties (Ganchun 27, Ganchun 32) treatment of spring wheat dry matter quality, stoichiometric characteristics and the changing law of yield.【Results】 (1) NM treatment significantly improved the dry matter quality, total nitrogen content and yield of the two spring wheats.(2) Under the same fertilization treatment, the dry matter quality of Ganchun 32, the total nitrogen content in stems and leaves, the number of spikes, the number of ears and the yield were all higher than those of Ganchun 27.(3) There were significant differences in total nitrogen content and yield of spring wheat under different fertilization and variety combination treatments.Among them, the dry matter quality, total nitrogen content and yield of spring wheat under Ganchun 32 NM treatment were the highest.M treatment significantly reduced the root and leaf dry weight of Ganchun 27, but had no significant effect on Ganchun 32.NM treatment could narrow the yield gap of different varieties of spring wheat.【Conclusion】 In summary, considering the best yield and actual production, the selection of spring wheat Ganchun 32 and the combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer is a recommended high-yield and high-efficiency combination in the Loess Plateau of Longzhong.

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Cloning and expression analysis of phosphorus efficient gene GhMYB4 in Gossypium hirsutum L. GENG Feifei, MENG Chaomin, QING Guixia, ZHOU Jiamin, ZHANG Fuhou, LIU Fengju 2023, 60(6): 1406-1412.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1604KB) ( )   【Objective】 To excavate related genes based on the genome-wide expression profile of cotton seedlings under low phosphorus stress in the early stage and conducted analysis of their preliminary expression. This study results will provide a scientific reference for further research into the biological functions of GhMYB4 gene and the cultivation of new cotton germplasm with the efficient utilization of phosphorus.【Methods】 Genomic DNA and cDNA sequence of the gene were cloned and analyzed by bioinformatics method. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and fluorescence quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) were used to detect the changes of gene expression in root, stem, leaf and flower tissues. 【Results】 The GhMYB4 gene was cloned, whose open reading frame length was 774 bp. Altogether 257 amino acids were encoded and analysis revealed that this gene sequence belonged to the MYB family. The results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR and QRT-PCR showed that GhMYB4 gene was mainly expressed in root, medium expression in stems and leaf, and trace expression in flower. 【Conclusion】 The GhMYB4 gene is preliminarily obtained.The gene has the highest expression level in cotton roots,relatively less expressed in flowers,moderately expressed in stems and leaves.

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Effects of different sowing dates on cotton growth in aral reclamation area, Xinjiang WANG Wentao, WU Bo, TAI Hongzhong, LIAN Wenming, DAI Cuirong, LI Shuangjiang, PU Yanmei 2023, 60(6): 1413-1422.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1476KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the differences between appropriately early-sowed and late sowing on cotton growth in Aral Reclamation area through the study of the effects of diffeent sowing dates on cotton growth in the hope of providing data support and theoretical basis for cotton variety selection and promoting early cultivation in Aral Reclamation Area. 【Methods】 In this project, J206-5 was taken as the material,five sowing dates were selected: April 14, April 17, April 20, April 23 and April 26, to study the effects of sowing date on emergence rate, seedling growth, growth duration, agronomic traits, yield characters, dry matter quality and fiber characteristics of cotton. 【Results】 With the delay of sowing date, the emergence rate of cotton was increased and the emergence time shortened, and the plant height, taproot length, node, stem diameter and dry matter quality of various organs were decreased, the growth process was slowed, the growth period was prolonged, the yield was decreased, the time of the reproductive organs to enter the rapid accumulation period was advanced, the rapid accumulation period was shortened, and the Micronaire value and maturity were decreased. 【Conclusion】 In Aral Reclamation Area, the suitable sowing date is in early and middle of April, earlier than April 20. The daily average ground temperature of 5 cm under film for 3 days ≥ 12 ℃ can be used as the appropriate temperature index for cotton sowing. Under these conditions, the early sowing cotton has obvious growth advantages, which is beneficial to formation of yield and improvement of fiber quality. Medium mature varieties should be selected for early sowing and early maturity varieties should be used for late sowing.

Microbes·Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing

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Correlation analysis of lignin degradation and enzyme activity changes in solid fermentation of cotton stalks LI Peiqi, SUN Qingpei, WANG Zhihui, QIN Xinzheng, FAN Yonghong 2023, 60(6): 1423-1432.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1423KB) ( )   【Objective】 To elaborate on the correlation between lignin degradation and lignin degradation enzyme activity in the process of solid fermentation into organic matrix of cotton straw.【Methods】 The solid fermentation of cotton stalks was performed and meanwhile, the temperature, cellulose and hemicellulose content were determined. After that, the content changes of acid-soluble and acid-insoluble lignin and the activities of three main lignin-degrading enzymes during fermentation were determined by UV detection and high-temperature burning. 【Results】 The results showed that during the solid fermentation of cotton stalks, the lignin content of cotton stalks was significantly reduced from 31.51%to 25.38% (P<0.05), and the lignin degradation rate increased significantly after the high temperature stage, continued to increase at the curing stage, and reached the highest value at the end of fermentation, which was 13.84 g/d. The activities of the three enzymes continued to increase at the ripening stage, and reached the highest value at the end of fermentation, in which the manganese peroxidase activity was 12.91 U/g, lignin peroxidase activity was 55.28 U/g, and laccase activity was 0.19 U/g. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between lignin degradation enzyme activity and lignin degradation rate (P<0.01), and there was also a significant positive correlation between the three lignin degradation enzyme activities (P<0.01); principal component analysis showed that manganese peroxidase played a major role in the degradation of lignin in the solid fermentation of cotton stalks. 【Conclusion】 The lignin degradation and its relationship with lignin degradation enzyme activity in solid fermentation process of cotton stalk are related, which has laid a foundation for further research on the mechanism of lignin degradation.

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Effect of drying time in the field on the quality of fermentation of Brassica napus YANG Hanjun, HUANG Xingyu, WANG Xuzhe, ZHANG Fenghua, LUWeihua , ZHANG Fanfan 2023, 60(6): 1433-1441.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (982KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to control the moisture content of Brassica napus by drying in the field, so as to clarify the influence of moisture content on the nutritional quality, fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the silage, in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the actual utilization of silage of the feed.【Methods】 The canned silage method was adopted, and 6 drying time treatments were designed, namely drying 0 h (Treatment A1), 12 h (Treatment A2), 24 h (Treatment A3), 36 h (Treatment A4), 48 h (Treatment A5), 60 h (Treatment A6), the drying raw materials were directly silaged, and the silage time was opened after 60 d, sensory evaluation was carried out, and the nutritional quality, fermentation quality and aerobic stability were analyzed.【Results】 With the prolongation of the drying time, the dry matter content (DM) and ammonium nitrogen content (NH3-N) of Brassica napus increased significantly (P<0.05), the pH value, lactate content (LA), and acetic acid content (AA) all increased, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05), crude protein content (CP), crude fat content (EE), neutral washing fiber content (NDF), acid washing fiber content (ADF), and soluble carbohydrate content (WSC) decreased. Compared with the quality of silage after 60 days of fermentation of Brassica napus for different drying times, the protein content (CP) and soluble carbohydrate content (WSC) were the highest (11.04% and 12.39%, respectively), the acid washing fiber content (ADF) was the lowest (16.80%), the pH value was significantly lower than those of other treatments (P<0.05). The lactate content (LA) and the acetic acid content (AA) was significantly higher than those of the other treatments (P<0.05), and the propionic acid content (PA) was the lowest (0.04%).【Conclusion】 Through comprehensive evaluation, the nutritional quality, fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Brassica napus silage dried for 12 h after fermentation are the best, showing that the drying time in the field is about 12 h when harvesting Brassica napus after wheat in southern Xinjiang, and the comprehensive value is the best.

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Comparison of fruit stalk difference between different types of Korla fragrant pear CAO Yijie, Aishajiang maimaiti, Xianmisiya Tayifu, SHI Zhiyong, Yusufu Abulitifu 2023, 60(6): 1442-1450.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1426KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the relationship between the structure and mineral elements of cell wall and normal podetium (ZC), fleshy podetium (RZ) and fleshy podetium of Dangshansu pear (DS) by comparing the morphological and structural differences among the three in the hope of providing theoretical basis for further improving the yield and quality of fragrant pear and cultivating high fruit stalk mechanical damage resistance varieties.【Methods】 Korla fragrant pear tree and Dangshan crisp pear tree in Luntai National Fruit Tree Resource Nursery 15 (a) of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences were taken as the test materials. First, the standard of fleshy fruit stalk was determined. Secondly, the anatomical structure of the three types (ZC, RZ, DS) was observed by paraffin section technology, and the differences in the microstructure of the three types were compared. Finally, the differences of mineral elements, soluble sugar, starch content and cell wall material between fleshy and normal fruit stalks were studied.【Results】 Field investigation results showed that the occurrence rate of fleshy stem of Korla pear was as high as 84%, and the range of thickness of fleshy stem of Korla pear was ≥ 3.70 mm. There was no difference in the number of vascular bundles between normal and succulent fruit stalks, which was 9. The proportion of vascular bundle area in RZ was smaller than those in ZC and DS. The content of cellulose in succulent fruit stems was higher than that of normal fruit stems and Dangshansu pear stems, while the contents of lignin and hemicellulose were lower than those of normal fruit stems and Dangshansu pear stems. In addition to that, the soluble sugar content in the succulent fruit stalk of fragrant pear was significantly higher than that in normal fruit stem, and starch and soluble protein content significantly lower than those in the normal fragrant pear fruit stalk and Dangshan peduncle. Thirty-three mineral elements were detected in the normal and fleshy stalks, with 25 significantly different elements between the two types of stalks (VIP was greater than 1 and P <0.05).【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in cell structure and nutrients in different types of fruit stalks of Korla pear. The moisture content, vascular bundle area, cellulose content, soluble sugar content and Se, P, B and Na contents of mineral elements in succulent fruit stalks of Korla pear are higher than those in normal fruit stalks. Therefore, the differences of these substances may be the cause of succulence in the stalks of Korla pear.

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Transcriptome analysis of callus at rooting stage in tissue culture of vitis amurensis 'shuangyou' WEI Wei, SHAN Shouming, XU Wendi, LI Guangzong 2023, 60(6): 1451-1459.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1903KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to explore the molecular mechanism of rooting of Vitis amurensis and provide theoretical data and reference basis for rooting in production and reproduction of Vitis amurensis.【Methods】 From the tissue culture to the rooting stage of Vitis amurensis ‘Shuangyou’, the two groups with large differences in the number of roots were treated with different concentrations of IBA (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/L), NAA (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/L) and sucrose (15, 25 and 35 g/L),and the transcriptome of the callus rooting at the base was sequenced.【Results】 A total of 284.40 Gb high-quality sequences were obtained from 6 samples, and 89.15%-90.3% of Clean Reads were compared to the reference genome. Compared with S1, there were 537 differentially expressed genes significantly up-regulated in S6 and 277 differentially expressed genes significantly down regulated in S1, a total of 814 differentially expressed genes. A total of 805 differentially expressed genes were annotated into 21 categories of COG, mainly including unknown function, intracellular transport and signal transduction mechanism. GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in polysaccharide binding, kinesin complex and auxin activated signal pathway. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in phenylpropane biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction. The expression levels of 16 differentially expressed genes in plant hormone signal transduction pathway were analyzed. The 11 differentially expressed genes in auxin pathway were up-regulated, and the 5 genes with large differences were IAA4, IAA22, IAA27, LAX3 and A-ARR genes. The transcriptome data were verified by qRT-PCR. 【Conclusion】 By sequencing the callus of 'Shuangyou' grape tissue culture plantlets induced by different concentrations of IBA, NAA and sucrose, a relatively complete transcriptome data is obtained, and its function annotation, enrichment analysis and hormone related gene expression analysis are carried out.

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Molecular characteristics and promoter analysis of SlLCY-B2 gene in tomato LIU Jiangna, ZHANG Xiying, LI Rongxia, ZHANG Xiaowei, BAI Yunfeng, ZHANG Aiping 2023, 60(6): 1460-1465.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1255KB) ( )   【Objective】 Lycopene synthesis can enter the metabolic pathway catalyzed by lycopene-β-cyclase sllcy-B, and inhibition of the expression of SlLCY-B2 can increase the accumulation of lycopene. The molecular characteristics and sgRNA of lycopene metabolism regulation gene SlLCY-B1 were systematically analyzed in order to utilize CRISPR/ Cas9 Site-directed mutation or fragment deletion of SlLCY-B2 and its upstream promoter sequences was performed to regulate the expression of SlLCY-B2 and reduce metabolic pathways to improve the content of lycopene in tomato fruits.【Methods】 The characteristics, conserved domain, genome structure, digital expression profile and promoter cis-acting elements of SlLCY-B2 polypeptide were systematically analyzed by online biological tools. According to the design principle of CRISPR-Cas9 target, suitable sgRNA was designed and screened out.【Results】 SlLCY-B2 was located on chromosome 6 of tomato and encodes 498 amino acids. The gDNA did not contain introns and was specifically expressed in fruit. SlLCY-B2 distributed 145 Sgrnas, of which 21 were highly specific. There were 15 cis-acting elements and 112 Sgrnas in the 1 500 bp promoter sequence upstream of SlLCY-B2.【Conclusion】 l Gene editing of SlLCY-B2 and its promoter region can regulate the expression of SlLCY-B2 and increase lycopene content.

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Effects of different rootstocks on the composition and content of anthocyanin in Marselan wine grape HU Jinge, BAI Shijian, CHEN Guang, CAI Junshe 2023, 60(6): 1466-1475.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1666KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different rootstocks on the composition and relative content of anthocyanins in Marselan grape. 【Methods】 In this study, Marserlan, a wine grape grafted in 2018, was used as the test material and the stocks were SO4,5BB, 3309M, and 101-14, and their species and content were determined using the LCMS/MS method with ungrafted ones as a control.【Results】 A total of 48 anthocyanins and 11 nonanthocyanins were indetified in Marselan grape skin, including Malvidin(Mv), Delphinidin(Dp), Petunidin(Pt), Peonidin(Pn), Cyanindin(Cy), Pelargnidin(Pg), nonanthocyanins including flavonoids, flavonol glycoside, proanthocyanidins. The main anthocyanins were Malvidin(Mv), Delphinidin(Dp), Petunidin(Pt), Peonidin(Pn), Cyanindin(Cy), there were less Pelargnidin (Pg), Malvidin(Mv) accounted for about 50%, Delphinidin(Dp) accounted for about 33%. In all of the anthocyanins, Malvidin 3-O-glucoside content was the highest, about 45%.【Conclusion】 The total anthocyanins contents of SO4 is down-regulated and it is 11.860%lower than that of the control. There is no extremely significant difference, while the total anthocyanins contents of 5BB, 3309M and 101-14 are up-regulated, which are 26.621%, 2.759%and 12.629%respectively. There are no extremely significant difference in the anthocyanins contents between M/3309M, M/101-14 and the control, but there is significant difference between M/5BB and the control.

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Comparison of postharvest sugar content and sugar metabolizing enzyme activities of different varieties of thick-skinned melons JIA Binxin, YANG Shiying, WANG Yan, YANG Pengpeng, HE Weizhong, WANG Cheng, LIU Fengjuan, FAN Yingying 2023, 60(6): 1476-1484.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1382KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare the differences in the sugar content and their associated metabolic enzyme activity among different varieties of thick-skinned melons in Xinjiang.【Methods】 9 varieties of thick-skinned melons were tested. The soluble sugar, invertase (Ivr), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) were extracted and determined. Meanwhile, the correlation between sugar content and their associated metabolic enzyme activity were analyzed. 【Results】 Results showed that significant differences exist in the contents of fructose, glucose and sucrose among different varieties of melons. Fructose, glucose and sucrose content ranged from 2.17 to 3.21 g/100 g, 1.09 to 2.56 g/100 g and 0.77 to 5.76 g/100 g, respectively. Among which, Huang Meng cui has the highest fructose content, Jun xiu has the highest glucose content, and Zao zui xian has the highest sucrose content. The activities of SPS and SS of "Gan tian mi bao" were the highest, which were 7.5 μmol/(h·g) and 8.7 μmol/(h·g), respectively. Ivr of all the 9 melons have low activity.【Conclusion】 There were different correlations between sugar content and their associated metabolic enzyme activity among different varieties of melons.

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Effects of high temperature stress on physiological characteristics on jujube flower organs WANG Guanyu, JIA Pingping, JIN Juan, Abudoukayoumu Ayimaiti, FAN Dingyu, ZHAO Xiaomei, HAO Qing, YANG Lei, GENG Wenjuan 2023, 60(6): 1485-1491.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1241KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the physiological characteristics of the flower organs of Fucuimi and Junzao under high temperature stress in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the study of heat tolerance of jujube flower organs.【Methods】 Fucuimi and Junzao flower organs were used as the test materials, plug experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of 45℃ high temperature treatment at different time (0,2,6,24 h)on relative conductivity, malondialdehyde, proline, soluble sugar, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase in Fucuimi and Junzao flower organs. 【Results】 With the prolongation of the high temperature stress time, the relative conductivity of the two varieties increased significantly, indicating that the cell membrane was damaged by high temperature stress. And the relative conductivity and MDA content of Junzao flower organs were always greater than those of Fucuimi under the treatment of high temperature stress, indicating that the cell membrane of Junzao was damaged more greatly. With the prolongation of high temperature stress time, the content of proline and soluble sugar in the flower organs of the two varieties showed a trend of first rising and then declining, but the proline content of the flower organs of Junzao decreased earlier than that of Fucuimi. The antioxidant enzyme activities of the two varieties showed an upward trend with the increase of temperature,and the activity of POD and CAT enzymes of Fucuimi flower organs was always higher than that of Junzao, indicating that Fucuimi improved more of their own antioxidant enzymes to resist the high-temperature stress. 【Conclusion】 Under high temperature stress, the cell membrane stability of Fucuimi flower organs is greater than that of Junzao,in terms of physiological characteristics, showing stronger heat tolerance than the latter s flower organ.

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Analysis on related physiological indexes of pepper with hair characteristic under chilling stress CHEN Yan, HUANG Luyao, DENG Changrong, ZHANG Yanjun, HOU Quangang, SHAO Dengkui 2023, 60(6): 1492-1498.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1093KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the cold resistance and adaptability to low temperature of trichome germplasm.So as to provide a scientific reference for the development and utilization of resources in the next step.【Methods】 In this experiment, the characteristic variety of Qinghai province downy linear pepper cultivar ‘Qingxianjiao 2’ was used as the test material. The plants were treated with low temperature at seedling stage, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined under different treatments.【Results】 The results showed that with the extension of stress time, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the trend of soluble sugar, soluble protein content were firstly increased and then decreased, while the trend of malondialdehyde (MDA) content was firstly decreased and then increased and again decreased. With the decrease of treatment temperature, the changes of different physiological indexes in each treatment group tended to be gentle. Correlation analysis showed that soluble sugar content was significantly negatively correlated with soluble protein content, and malondialdehyde content was significantly positively correlated with soluble protein content.【Conclusion】 Combined with the significant difference and correlation analysis of each index, the purpose is to evaluate the cold resistance of special germplasm resources through biochemical indicators, indicating that hairy germplasm resources have better cold resistance and adaptability to low temperature.

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Study on disinfection and prevention of browning in tissue culture of black walnut FU Qiang, WANG Qin, XU Caiqin, NIU Junli, NIU Jianxin, WANG Jianyou 2023, 60(6): 1499-1505.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (936KB) ( )   【Objective】 The optimal time for disinfection and the optimal concentration of anti-browning agent were screened out, and the changes in the cell structure of the explants during the browning process will be discussed in the hope of providing theoretical basis for tissue culture research and industrial seedling of black walnut.【Methods】 The leaves and stems of black walnut were disinfected with different lengths of time to observe their effects on the pollution rate and browning rate. Three anti-browning agents, including AC, PVP and VC, were used in orthogonal experiments to study their effects on the browning rate and germination rate of black walnut stems. After that, freehand section of the browned explants was observed.【Results】 (1) When leaves were disinfected with 0.1%HgCl2 for 5 min, the contamination rate and browning rate were the lowest. (2) When the stem segment was disinfected with 0.1%HgCl2 and tween 80 for 5 min, the contamination rate and browning rate were the lowest by the two-step sterilization. (3) Treatment with AC 2 g/L, PVP 110 mg/L, VC 100 mg/L had the lowest browning rate and the germination rate of AC 1 g/L, PVP 70 mg/L and VC 50 mg/L was the highest.【Conclusion】 The best disinfection time is to disinfect the leaves with 0.1%HgCl2 for 5 minutes. The best disinfection time is to disinfect the stem segment with 0.1%HgCl2 plus tween 80 for 5 min by the two-step sterilization. The most suitable anti-browning agent concentration ratio is AC 1 g/L, PVP 110 mg/L, VC 100 mg/L.

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Effects of low-pressure static magnetic field treatments on defrosting and shelf Life quality of fresh walnuts SUN Xiping, KONG Na, XU Mingqiang, WANG Ping, XU Bin, ZHANG Ting 2023, 60(6): 1506-1514.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1616KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of static magnetic field treatments on the low-pressure defrosting and shelf life quality of fresh walnuts and careen out the appropriate magnetic field strength,which has provided a theoretical basis for defrosting walnut fruits in the practice.【Methods】 In this study, wen 185 walnuts frozen at -20℃ were used as the test material and was defrosted under low-pressure temperature (4℃) conditions with four different intensities (0, 2, 4 and 6 mT) of static magnetic fields. The juice loss rate, color, texture, water content and sensory evaluation were measured immediately after defrosting, and the indexes were measured every 12 hours, and the measurement time was the 72 h on shelf life.【Results】 Low-pressure static magnetic field treatments could effectively inhibit the loss of juice and water content of frozen fresh walnut fruits, maintaining good color, hardness and sensory quality of the nucleolus during low-pressure-temperature shelf life after defrosting. Compared with the control, 4 mT magnetic field treatment could prolong the shelf time of frozen fresh walnuts at 4℃ after defrosting from 36 h to 72 h, the nucleolus was crispy and fragrant, and had a certain edible quality at low-pressure temperature.【Conclusion】 4 mT magnetic field treatment can effectively maintain the quality of the defrosted fruits.

Plant Protection·Forestry·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

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Study on the biological characteristics of the pathogen of bacterial perforation of alternaria alternata in Xinjiang and the screening of laboratory agents SONG Danbo, ZHANG Guoxin, WANG Quan, LIU Baojun, HUANG Tao, HAN Hongwei, BAI Jianyu, GUO Qingyuan 2023, 60(6): 1515-1522.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1082KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the biological characteristics of pathogens of almond bacterial shot hole, and screen out efficient antibacterial agent, so as to provide theoretical basis and alternative agents for the screening of field control agents.【Methods】 The results showed that the optimum medium for pathogen growth was LB, among the 8 tested media, the growth rate of pathogens under different temperatures, culture media, carbon and nitrogen source, pH and NaCl concentration was measured by UV spectrophotometer and the antibacterial effects of 12 different selected agents were compared by filter paper bacteriostatic circle method.【Results】 The optimum growth temperature was 28℃, and the growth was the best when mannitol was used as carbon source and yeast extract as nitrogen source; the pathogen could grow at pH 5-10. the optimum pH was 7.5 and the lethal temperature was 50℃; the toxicity test showed that 0.3% tetramycin and 1.2% mesobiotic had the best antibacterial effect, with EC50 of 2.925 and 6.474 mg/L respectively, followed by 3% thiamycin and 53.8% copper hydroxide, EC50 of 20.245 and 50.947 mg/L respectively, and 80% Bordeaux solution and 30% thiazole zinc had relatively poor inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria. When the concentration reached more than 10,000 mg/L, the pathogen could be inhibited among the 12 agents. 【Conclusion】 Among the six tested mediums, LB medium is the most suitable for the growth of pathogens, with the most suitable temperature at 28℃ and the most suitable pH of 7.5. Mannitol is the most suitable carbon source among the 8 tested carbon sources, and yeast extract is the most suitable nitrogen source among the 8 tested nitrogen sources. The indoor toxicity test of 12 tested reagents shows that 0.3% tetramycin has the strongest toxicity, followed by 1.2% mesobiotic and 3% thiamycin.

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Biological characteristics and screening of fungicides of Xanthoceras sorbifolium bunge root rot in the lab ZHANG Guoxin, SONG Danbo, LIU Baojun, WANG Quan, BAI Jianyu, GUO Qingyuan 2023, 60(6): 1523-1530.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (951KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the biological characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia root rot pathogen, melon and Pythium aphanidermature, and screen fungicides with obvious bacteriostatic effect, so as to provide alternative fungicides for field fungicide screening of Xanthoceras sorbifolia root rot.【Methods】 In the experiment, the mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the growth rate of pathogens under different carbon sources, temperatures and pH values, so as to clarify the main biological characteristics of pathogens. Through the indoor drug virulence determination experiment of pathogenic bacteria, the prevention and control drugs were screened out. 【Results】 The biological characteristics of pathogens showed that the pathogens could grow in 8 different carbon source media, but the growth on PDA and CMA was better than the other 7 cultures. The pathogens grew best on PDA, followed by CMA, PCA, OA, PSA, carrot, WA, MA; the pathogen could grow at 15-40℃, and the optimum temperature was (35±1)℃; the pathogen could grow at pH 4-11, among which the optimal growth was when the pH value was 8.0; 30% benzalkonium · hymexazol was the most virulent, with an EC50 value of 1.259,9 mg/L, followed by 50% Pythium · Thiram with an EC50 value of 8.156 4 mg/L, while 2×109 CFU/g Bacillus subtilis was the least virulent, with an EC50 value of 4,107.327 mg/L.【Conclusion】 Among the 8 different carbon source media tested, the optimum medium is PDA, the optimum growth temperature is about 35℃ and the optimum pH value 8. All the 12 fungicides tested have certain inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of pathogenic bacteria, Among which, metalaxyl oxamyl has the best antibacterial effect, followed by Pythium thiram and mancozeb. The three fungicides can be used as alternative fungicides for the field control of Xanthoceras sorbifolia root rot.

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Responses of photosynthetic characteristics of typical shrubs in piedmont on the northern slope of tianshan mountains to drought stress TANG Dong, AN Yuguang, CHENG Ping, LI Hong, YANG Jianjun, WANG Kai 2023, 60(6): 1531-1539.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1118KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the effects of drought stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of typical shrubs in the front mountain zone of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains.【Method】 The typical shrubs in the front mountain zone of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains (Caragana sinica Rehd., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Rosa acicularis Lindl.and Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge.) were taken as the research objects, the artificial control of soil moisture as replenishment, Li-6400 the portable photosynthesis system continuously monitors leaf photosynthetic indicators and water use efficiency were used to explore the changes in photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency of 4 shrubs under different soil water contents, and analyze the response mechanism of 4 shrubs to drought stress.【Result】 The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of the four shrubs all decreased with increasing drought.The critical values of soil water content at which the photosynthetic rate of C.sinica,H.rhamnoides, R.acicularis and X.sorbifolium significantly inhibited were 10.08%, 12.59%, 9.85%, and 10.59%, respectively.The limit values of soil water content were 7.76%, 9.19%, 7.52% and 8.17%, respectively.The WUE of C.sinica and H.rhamnoides reached its maximum value under mild drought, while the WUE of R.acicularis and X.sorbifolium reached its maximum value under moderate drought.The water content of C.sinica, H.rhamnoides, R.acicularis and X.sorbifolium reached the maximum under moderate drought.When it reached 11.60%, 12.25%, 8.75%, and 12.00%, it had the best WUE;Shrub leaf WUE had a very significant positive correlation with air temperature (P<0.01), a significant positive correlation with photosynthetically active radiation (P<0.05), and a weak correlation with Pn, Tr, Gs and Ci.【Conclusion】 When the soil water content is lower than 9.85%, the photosynthetic characteristics of the four shrubs are obviously inhibited, but when the soil water content reaches 8.75%~12.25%, the plant's soil water use efficiency reaches the optimal level.The change characteristics comprehensively judge the drought resistance of 4 shrubs: R.acicularis >C.sinica>X.sorbifolium>H.rhamnoides. Therefore, appropriate artificial water supplementation plays an important role in maintaining the resistance of local shrubs.

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Analysis on the tolerance of juvenile Aspiorhynchus laticeps (Day) under salinity and alkalinity stresses WANG Xinyue, ZI Fangze, GE Jianmin, CHEN Shengao, YAO Na, XIAO Qing, Ainiwaer Yibulayin 2023, 60(6): 1540-1547.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1013KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the adaptive biology of endemic fishes in the Tarim River system, to assess the organismal resilience of juvenile Aspiorhynchus laticeps (Day), and to investigate their mechanisms of endangerment.【Methods】 Based on the laboratory ecological methods, we carried out the analysis of salinity tolerance and behavioral observation of juvenile fish. 【Results】 Under the conditions of pH (7.78±0.09) and temperature (21±1)℃, the juvenile fish in the control group had no obvious stress reaction, showing calm activity, normal respiration, normal response to external stimuli (light, sound, etc.), and no dead individuals were found. The juvenile fish in the experimental group were overstressed by the initial contact with the experimental water, and swam impatiently, struggled and flung, and then died as the salinity concentration gradient increased, and the behavioral characteristics under the alkalinity concentration gradient were similar to those of the salinity experiment. The salinity half-lethal concentrations (LC50) of sodium chloride (NaCl) were 14.302,1, 13.721,4, 13.614,4, 13.533,2 g/L and the safe concentration (SC) was 3.789,1 g/L for juvenile Aspiorhynchus laticeps (Day) at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively; the alkalinity half-lethal concentrations (LC50) of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were 51.856,1, 39.502,5, 32.951,5, 31.777,9 mmol/L, and the safe concentration (SC) was 11.850,8 mmol/L, respectively.【Conclusion】 The safe concentrations (SC) of juvenile Aspiorhynchus laticeps (Day) under saline stress are 3.789,1 g/L, 11.850,8 mmol/L, compared with the environmental physicochemical indicators of the former habitat water, the salinity of the fish is more stressful, and the continuous increase of salinity in the habitat water greatly affect its ecological position and habitat selection or even cause it to be endangered. This study provides a reference for the fry breeding and domestication of Aspiorhynchus laticeps (Day), and lays a basis for further development and conservation of germplasm resources development and utilization and consolidates the endemic aquatic species industry in Xinjiang.

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Effects of concentrate supplementation on body weight increase and blood biochemical indices of fattening donkeys YANG Fan, LI Xiaobin, CHEN Kaixu, HUANG Xinxin, MA Chen, XIAO Haixia, Abulaiti Sulaiman, XIE Peng 2023, 60(6): 1548-1554.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.030 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (785KB) ( )   【Objective】 This experiment aims to investigate the effects of concentrate supplementation on body weight gain, blood biochemical indices and reproductive hormones of fattening donkeys, so as to provide reference for improving fattening efficiency of local donkeys in Xinjiang.【Methods】 Forty healthy female donkeys aged 3-5 years with similar body weight (186.65±10.39) kg were randomly divided into control group and experimental group with 20 donkeys in each group. The control group was fed according to the conventional feeding and management method of fattening donkeys by Jinhuyang Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., and the experimental group was fed the concentrate supplement 2 kg/d provided in this study under the same feeding and management conditions. The fattening experiment lasted for 90 d, and the weight of fattening donkeys was weighed regularly.【Results】 The results showed as follows: (1) The total weight gain and daily gain of female donkeys in concentrate and supplement groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), which were increased by 94.89% and 100.00%, respectively. (2)The contents of total protein and albumin in plasma of female donkeys were significantly increased by 49.79% and 34.31%, respectively (P<0.05). (3) Supplementation significantly increased plasma triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were increased by 4.6%, 7.92% and 7.25%, respectively (P<0.05). (4) There was no significant difference in enzyme content between experimental group and control group (P>0.05), but the plasma enzyme level of experimental group was higher than that of control group.【Conclusion】 Feeding concentrate supplement to fattening donkey can significantly promote the increase of body weight, improve protein metabolism and promote the overall fattening effect of fattening donkey.

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Pilot study on antibodies dynamics in dairy goats infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus WANG Dengfeng, Gunuer Tuerxun, LI Jianjun, Hongduzi Bolati, YANG Xueyun, MENG Xiaoxiao, WU Jianyong 2023, 60(6): 1555-1560.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.031 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (723KB) ( )   【Objective】 To reveal the dynamic of total antibodies against Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) in dairy goats. The results provide a reference data for the establishment of the CAEV quarantine and eradication program in China.【Methods】 In this study, the CAEV Shandong strains (the experiment group) and reference strain (the reference control group) and cell culture medium (the negative control group) were injected intravenously into 9 dairy goats (3 dairy goats each group), respectively, and antibodies against CAEV were detected by CAEV/MVV total antibodies test kit (IDEXX) recommended by OIE. 【Results】 The antibodies were always negative in the negative control group during the experiment periods. The dairy goats in the experiment group and reference control group were first seroconversed on the 24th day, and the experiment group were all seroconversed on the 42nd day after infection, while the dairy goats in the reference control group were all seroconversed on the 71st day. All the seroconversed dairy goats persisted at high OD value of antibodies during the follow-up periods.【Conclusion】 The results indicated that the dairy goats were elicited a well humoral immune response after being infected with CAEV. The antibody levels vary greatly in the first two months, but could continue to be at a higher level. The results indicated that the total serum antibody level of CAEV can be used as a criterion in goat CAE quarantine, but it must be quarantined more than twice with an interval of not less than 60 days.