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20 September 2023, Volume 60 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer

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Evaluation and index screening of heat resistance of Gossypium hirsutum germplasm resources WANG Peng, ZHENG Kai, ZHAO Jieyin, GAO Wenju, LONG Yilei, CHEN Quanjia, QU Yanying 2023, 60(9): 2081-2090.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1450KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study first comprehensively evaluated the heat resistance of 24 Gossypium hirsutum germplasm resources.【Methods】 Based on the two-year comprehensive evaluation of heat resistance D value cluster analysis.Selecting 24 cotton germplasm materials.Randomized block design.Measurement of relevant indicators.【Results】 It was found that 24 Gossypium hirsutum resource materials could be divided into 3 categories.The first category was heat-resistant materials, the second category was intermediate-type materials, and the third category was heat-sensitive materials.An evaluation model for the heat resistance of Gossypium hirsutum was established through a stepwise regression equation: D=-0.111+0.175X2+0.470X3+1.211X4 (R2=0.914,8).According to the established optimal regression equation, the heat resistance of Gossypium hirsutum materials, the comprehensive evaluation indexes of cotton heat resistance were established.Correlation analysis and difference analysis found that seed cotton yield, boll weight and lint yield could be used as evaluation indicators of cotton field heat resistance, while plant height and lint had nothing to do with heat resistance.【Conclusion】 In this study, four heat-resistant Gossypium hirsutum resource materials were selected, and the seed cotton yield, boll weight and lint yield were established as the indicators for evaluating the field heat resistance of Gossypium hirsutum, and the peroxidase, malondialdehyde and chlorophyll content were used indoors.The index of heat resistance evaluation provides a reference for the rapid breeding of heat-resistant cotton varieties and the research of cotton heat-resistant mechanism.

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Effects of different mulching materials and irrigation on yield formation and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency of machine-picked cotton LIU Haijun, ZHANG Hao, WANG Yifan, CHEN Maoguang, WU Fengquan, LIN Tao, TANG Qiuxiang 2023, 60(9): 2091-2100.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1249KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to explore the effects of different mulching materials and irrigation amount on the yield formation and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency.【Methods】 In this study, a split zone experimental design was adopted, with mulching material (bare land (A1), high fort mulching (A2) and ordinary PE mulching (A3) as the main zone), and irrigation quantity (3,150 m3/hm2(W1), 4,050 m3/hm2(W2) and 4,950 m3/hm2(W3)) as the secondary zone. The effects of different mulching materials and irrigation amount on cotton yield formation and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency were analyzed.【Results】 The results showed that with the increase of irrigation, dry matter accumulation rate increased, but soil temperature decreased gradually. Under different mulching materials, A2 treatment can increase the soil temperature of cotton field at seedling stage by 2.39℃ and 0.20℃, respectively, compared with A1 and A3 treatments. The effective accumulated temperature of A2 treatment during the whole growth period can increase by 6.96% and 0.77%, respectively, compared with A1 and A3 treatments. Under the interaction conditions, the highest effective accumulated temperature of cotton field under W1A2 treatment was 1,476.98(℃·d), the highest dry matter growth rate per plant was 1.61 g/d, the highest proportion of reproductive organs was 47.00%, and the highest yield was 6,431.10 kg/hm2. The effective accumulated temperature production efficiency reached 4.58 kg/(hm2·℃·d).【Conclusion】 In conclusion, under the condition of high burr membrane covering, the irrigation of 3150m3/hm2 is helpful to improve the soil temperature, effective accumulated temperature and the distribution ratio of reproductive organs in cotton field, so as to promote the improvement of cotton seed cotton yield and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency.

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Effects of mulch film types on cotton growth and analysis of self-degradation recycling characteristics CHEN Maoguang, LIN Tao, ZHANG Hao, LIU Haijun, WANG Yifan, TANG Qiuxiang 2023, 60(9): 2101-2108.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1019KB) ( )   【Objective】 Scientific evaluation of the influence of different types of plastic film on cotton growth and its own degradation and recycling characteristics.【Methods】 In this study, the polyethylene mulch (CK) was used as the control, and the recyclable high-strength mulch (G) and four degradable mulches (J1, J2, J3 and J4) were set and their effects on cotton growth and yield, recycling effects and field degradation were compared and analyzed in order to screen out the green production mulch with excellent comprehensive performance.【Results】 The height and stem diameter of CK treatment at bud stage and flowering stage were 62.08 cm, 7.36 cm and 103.75 cm, 10.36 cm, respectively.The plant height of degraded mulch film treatment was 4.66%-13.21% lower than that of CK, and there was no significant difference in plant height and stem diameter between G treatment and CK.In terms of yield performance, the aboveground biomass of CK treatment at bud stage, flowering stage and boll stage were 17.77, 43.36 and 744.97 g/plant, respectively.G treatment was 7.45%-19.90% higher than CK at all growth stages, and was significantly higher than degraded film.Single boll weight and seed cotton yield of CK treatment were 5.37, 5.18 g and 5,642.14 kg / hm2, respectively.Compared with CK, the boll weight of G treatment was significantly reduced by 0.23 g/plant, but the number of bolls per plant was significantly increased by 0.94 per plant, and the yield was significantly increased by 620.91 kg/hm2, an increase of 11.00%.There were no significant differences in boll number per plant, boll weight per plant and yield between the treatment of degraded mulch film and CK, but they were significantly reduced by 0.22-0.47, 0.15-0.30 g and 8.75%-15.22%, respectively.The recovery rates of G and CK were 82.81% and 92.16%, but G treatment was 9.35% higher than CK.The degradation rate of J2 treatment was 89.49%, which was 6.67% lower than that of CK.【Conclusion】 Degradation film treatment cost is lower than that of polyethylene film yield, but it needs further improvement.The total recycle of high-strength mulch film can increase the cotton yield by 620.91 kg/hm2, increased by 11.00%, and the recovery rate increased by 9.35%, which has good application potential, and can be used as a new type of green, safe and environmentally friendly mulch film in cotton field for large-scale extension.

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Physiological and biochemical analysis of transgenic offspring of upland cotton GhCIPK6 under high temperature Stress WANG Hui, GUO Jincheng, SONG Jia, ZHANG Tingjun, He Liangrong 2023, 60(9): 2109-2119.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2061KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the changes of photosynthetic characteristics, resistance indexes and plant hormones of upland cotton GhCIPK6 transgenic offspring under high temperature stress in order to lay a foundation for upland cotton to respond to high temperature stress.【Methods】 In this experiment, the overexpression of ghc1pk6 transgenic offspring, RNAi and control wild type were constructed as materials. The physiological and biochemical indexes were measured at 4 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h by greenhouse culture.【Results】 Through the comparison of seedling leaves, it was found that the overexpressed leaves had turned yellow and a large number of spots appeared under high temperature, followed by wild-type leaves, and RNAi leaves only slightly turned yellow;In the photosynthetic characteristics, under high temperature stress, with the extension of time, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration decreased first and then increased. The overexpression materials increased slowly in photosynthetic indexes, RNAi and wild-type increased rapidly, and the change trend of chlorophyll relative content was slow; Among the resistance indexes, under high temperature stress, overexpression increased gradually with the extension of time, SOD content increased first and then decreased and then increased, pod content showed a high level, MAD content in RNAi increased first and then decreased, SOD content increased first and then decreased, pod content increased slowly, soluble protein content and Pro content showed a relatively high level in the whole period; In plant hormones, with the extension of time, the content of IAA in overexpression materials showed an upward trend, the content of ABA was low, the content of JA first increased slowly and then decreased, SA first increased and then decreased, the content of IAA in RNAi materials gradually increased, the content of ABA first increased and then decreased, the content of JA first increased and then decreased, the content of SA first decreased and then increased and then decreased, the content of IAA in wild type first increased and then decreased, and the content of ABA first increased and then decreased and then increased, JA content first increased and then decreased, SA content first decreased and then increased and then decreased. The resistance to high temperature of the three materials from strong to weak was RNAi, wild-type and overexpression.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive results show that under high temperature, the harm of stress can be reduced by increasing transpiration rate, the growth of plants can be actively regulated by increasing auxin content, and the osmotic regulation ability of cells can be improved to reduce the damage of cells.

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Responses of morphological characteristics of cotton to different water conditions YANG Chuan, ZHANG Kai, CHEN Bing, ZHANG Hui, LIU Ping, CHANG Song, SHENG Jiandong 2023, 60(9): 2120-2127.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1094KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the response of cotton morphological characteristics to different water conditions in Xinjiang in the hope of providing scientific basis for establishing cotton moisture diagnosis technology based on morphological characteristics.【Methods】 The field experiment method was used to set different water treatments (100%, 85%, 75%, 60% of the normal drip irrigation amount) to observe the changes of cotton morphological characteristics (distance of top petioles, angle stem-petiole, angle leaves) and plant water content during the irrigation period under the normal drip irrigation condition at the bud stage, the flowering and bolling stage, and meanwhile the differences of cotton morphological characteristics under different irrigation amounts were compared.【Results】 (1) In an irrigation cycle at the bud stage, after irrigation, the angle between petiole and water content of cotton plants decreased with time, and the distance between the top two leaves increased with time; There were differences in plant morphology among different irrigation treatments, and the leaf angle decreased slightly with the decrease of irrigation amount.(2) In an irrigation cycle at flowering and bolling stage, after irrigation, the angle between petiole and water content of cotton plants decreased with time, while the distance between the top two leaves and the angle between leaves increased with time.There were differences in plant morphology among different irrigation treatments.The distance between the top two leaves and the angle between leaves increased with the decrease of irrigation amount, while the angle between petioles decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount.(3) Correlation analysis showed that the distance between the top two leaves was negatively correlated with plant moisture content, and the angle between petioles was positively correlated with plant moisture content.【Conclusion】 To sum up, the distance between the top two leaves, the angle between petioles and the angle between leaves of cotton have a good response law to the cotton water situation at the bud stage and the flowering and bolling stage, which can be used as the basis for cotton water diagnosis in the field.

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Effect of modified cotton straw charcoal on ammonia volatilization characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer in grey desert soils of Xinjiang ZHU Yujie, LIN Ling, TANG Guangmu, ZHANG Yunshu, XU Wanli 2023, 60(9): 2128-2137.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1544KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different modified cotton straw charcoal on the volatilization of nitrogen and fertilizer ammonia and soil physicochemical properties in Xinjiang grey desert soils in the hope of providing a basis for the return of cotton straw charcoal to improve low-yielding soils.【Methods】 Xinjiang grey desert soil was taken as the test soil, an indoor incubation simulation experiment was conducted by using the closed method.Three nitrogen application levels of 0, 200 and 400 mg/kg were set, and cotton straw charcoal (no added cotton straw charcoal, unmodified cotton straw charcoal, monosodium glutamate waste modified cotton straw charcoal, wood vinegar liquid modified cotton straw charcoal and tartaric acid modified cotton straw charcoal) was applied uniformly at 2% soil weight.The rate of ammonia volatilization, the accumulation of ammonia volatilization and the correlation with the physicochemical properties of grey desert soils were studied for different modified cotton straw charcoal and different treatments of nitrogen application.【Results】 The ammonia volatilization rate of each treatment reached the maximum value on day 1-8 after basal fertilizer application.After 61 days of indoor culture of ammonia volatilization in ash desert soil, compared with the ash desert soil treatment, the ammonia volatilization accumulation increased by 46.1%-99.8% in the treatment with different modified cotton-stalk carbon.Compared with unmodified carbon treatment, cotton stalk carbon modified by monosodium glutamate waste liquor and wood vinegar liquor significantly promoted ammonia volatilization of soil nitrogen fertilizer, while tartaric acid modified carbon had no significant difference.Adding modified cotton-stalk carbon could decrease pH, increase total nitrogen and organic carbon content and electrical conductivity of Xinjiang ash desert soil.Correlation analysis showed that the carbon modified by monosodium glutamate waste liquor and wood vinegar liquor promoted the evaporation of ammonia mainly in soil conductivity and soil total nitrogen content, while pH showed inhibition effect.pH and electrical conductivity of tartaric acid modified carbon had significant effects on soil application, but they did not reach a significant level (P >0.05).Soil total nitrogen content had a positive effect on ammonia volatilization, but was not significantly affected by organic carbon (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 The properties of cotton-stalk charcoal are changed by using monosodium glutamate waste liquor, wood vinegar liquor and tartaric acid, and the tartaric acid modified charcoal has the best inhibition effect on ammonia volatilization in ash desert soil.

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Effects of organic fertilizer replacement on the yield and nutrient absorption of cotton and nitrate nitrogen under chemical fertilizer reduction YANG Guojiang, CHEN Yun, LIN Xiangqun, HE Jiangyong, LIU Shenglin, QU Yongqing 2023, 60(9): 2138-2145.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (920KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare the fertilizer efficiency of organic manure replacement in drip irrigation cotton and the difference in soil nitrate nitrogen (N) under nitrogen reduction, so as to select suitable organic manure replacement N technology and improve N utilization rate.【Methods】 Five treatments were set: (1) No N fertilizer (N0).(2) Customary fertilization (N300).(3) N reduction by 20% (N240) under customary fertilization.(4) A 20% N reduction afterwards by conventional fertilization,75% N was provided by urea and 25% N by organic manure (N180MN60).(5) Fulvic acid 150 kg/hm2 addition (N180MN60FA) on the basis of treatment (4).After that, the effects of organic manure replacing N fertilizer on cotton yield and N use efficiency were analyzed.【Results】 (1) Compared with conventional fertilization, N180MN60FA significantly increased cotton biomass and increased yield by 3.3%-6.4%.Cotton biomass and yield of organic manure replaced part of N fertilizer were roughly the same.(2) Compared with conventional fertilization, N180MN60 and N180MN60FA had no significant difference in N uptake, but the N use efficiency increased by 8.4 and 11.0 percentage points respectively, and the soil N surplus was reduced.(3) Under constant N content, N180MN60FA significantly increased soil nitrate N.【Conclusion】 Under the condition of 20% N reduction, the effect of organic manure replacing part of N fertilizer combined with fulvic acid is better than that of conventional fertilizer, and the effect of organic manure replacing part of N fertilizer is similar to that of conventional fertilizer.

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Effects of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation CHEN Chuanxin, ZHNAG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, KONG Depeng, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie 2023, 60(9): 2146-2151.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (861KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to study the effect of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Under drip irrigation conditions, a single factor randomized block experimental design was used to set up three levels of biochar application, namely 0 t/hm2 (CK), 20 t/hm2 (T1), and 40 t/hm2 (T2), to study the differences in growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation under different treatments. 【Results】 The application of biochar improved the leaf area index of winter wheat, and the leaf area index of T2 and T1 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK and increased the chlorophyll activity of winter wheat leaves. The SPAD values of chlorophyll in T2 treatment increased by 0.55%, 0.31%, 0.90%, 2.28%, and 1.41%, 1.18%, 2.95%, and 3.67%, respectively, compared to T1 and CK treatment at the jointing, heading, flowering, and filling stages. In addition, the application of biochar significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat and promoted the formation of winter wheat yield, with T2 treatment performing the best at 8,244.40 kg/hm2. T2 treatment increased yield by 5.25% and 12.58% compared to T1 and CK treatments, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, it can be found that the application of biochar is beneficial for the growth and yield of wheat. Under the T2 treatment of 40 t/hm2 of biochar application, winter wheat yield performs well, which provides reference for field production.

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Analysis of dry matter production, transport and nitrogen fertilizer utilization caused by yield Gap at different yield levels of winter wheat WANG Lihong, ZHANG Hongzhi, ZHANG Yueqiang, LI Jianfeng, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, SHI Jia, WANG Chunsheng, XIA Jianqiang, FAN Zheru 2023, 60(9): 2152-2162.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1072KB) ( )   【Objective】 To reveal the differences in the accumulation, transport and utilization of dry matter and nitrogen in winter wheat at different yield levels, and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the yield difference and high-yielding cultivation of winter wheat in Xinjiang.【Methods】 The experiment was carried out in military households in Changji from 2018 to 2020 with Xindong 41 as the test material, and referring to the production practice in Xinjiang, different fertilization and cultivation management measures were used to simulate high yield I (SH: ≥9,000 kg/hm2), high-yield Ⅱ (HH: 7,500 kg/hm2~9,000 kg/hm2), farmers (FP: 6,000 kg/hm2~7,500 kg/hm2), basic (CK: ≤4,500 kg/hm2) four yield levels.Meanwhile, differences in nitrogen accumulation and transport, and nitrogen absorption and utilization were studied.【Results】 The results showed that the two-year average yield difference of SH, HH, FP and CK was 6,863.27 kg/hm2, 5,496.76 kg/hm2, 3,735.73kg/hm2.The number of harvested panicles and grains per panicle were as follows: SH>HH>FP>CK, and the 1000-grain weight was as follows: HH>SH>FP>CK.The difference of dry matter accumulation in flowering stage of SH, HH, FP and CK is 11,221.65 kg/hm2, 8,220.05 kg/hm2, 5,527.81 kg/hm2, and the difference in dry matter accumulation in mature stage was 16,026.10 kg/hm2, 11,918.25 kg/hm2, 7,645.80 kg/hm2, with the increase of the yield gap, the dry matter accumulation, pre-flowering dry matter transport, post-flowering dry matter accumulation and contribution to grains increased, and pre-flowering dry matter transport and contribution to grains increased; nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs and pre-flowering nitrogen transport in flowering and mature stages increased with the increase of yield level.Efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity were lower; correlation analysis showed that grain yield was significantly positively correlated with pre-flowering dry matter transport, post-flowering dry matter accumulation, pre-flowering nitrogen transport, nitrogen demand and nitrogen absorption efficiency was significantly positively correlated with nitrogen partial productivity.【Conclusion】 To reduce the yield difference, cultivation and management measures such as fertilization should be adopted, especially the drip irrigation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the late growth stage with water to increase the accumulation and transport rate of dry matter and nitrogen before flowering, the accumulation of dry matter after flowering, and increase nitrogen.In the technology of suitable harvesting panicle number, synergistically increases the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight.

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Responses of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield to drought stress in winter wheat at jointing stage WANG Xiaoyu, WANG Xiaoping, SHI Wenyu, LIU Meiyan, MA Jian, GUO Yunpeng, SONG Ruixin, WANG Qingtao 2023, 60(9): 2163-2172.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1479KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield to drought stress in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for spring irrigation schedule of winter wheat.【Methods】 A pot culture experiment was conducted with four soil moisture gradients containing full irrigation (CK), mild drought(T1), moderate drought(T2) and severe drought(T3) in winter wheat at jointing stage in the study.【Results】 The results showed that highest leaf water use efficiency of winter wheat at jointing stage was observed in T2.The trend of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and chlorophyll content decreased with increasing of drought stress.The rank of the effect of drought stress on fluorescence parameters including Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Fm/Fo was that: T1 > CK > T2 > T3.Compared with CK, dry matter accumulation of underground increased by 11.8% and 3.0% in T1 and T2, however, which decreased by 4.0% in T3.The proportion of underground dry matter in T1, T2 and T3 treatment increased by 4.0%, 6.0% and 11.0%, respectively.With respect to the performance of irrigation water use efficiency, it was the highest in T1 and the grain yield increased slightly.In terms of grain yield, it was significantly lower than CK by 14.8% and 42.4% (P<0.05)both in T2 and T3, in turn, which increased somewhat in T1.According to the results of Pearson correlation analysis, leaf water use efficiency was significantly (P< 0.05) positively correlated with total dry matter accumulation, grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency, furthermore, a significant(P< 0.01) positive correlation was detected between leaf water use efficiency and dry matter accumulation of aboveground, but a significant(P< 0.01) negative correlation was found between leaf water use efficiency and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.【Conclusion】 Under the mild drought treatment, the jointing winter wheat is adapted to the drought environment by regulating photosynthesis and increasing the underground accumulation of some dry matter and its proportion, thus improving the grain yield and irrigation water utilization efficiency.However, with the aggravation of drought stress, the photosynthetic rate of winter wheat decrease obviously, which lead to reducing dry matter accumulation and ultimately lead to the reduction of winter wheat yield.

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Effects of exogenous butyric acid on yield and quality of barley under drought stress XIANG Li, WANG Xian, DONG Yusheng, GUO Xiaoling, FANG Furong, CHEN Zhijun, MA Yanming, MIAO Yu 2023, 60(9): 2173-2181.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1119KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of exogenous butyric acid on the growth period, agronomic traits, yield and quality of barley under different drought stress in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the study of barley drought resistance.【Methods】 Xinpi 4 was used as experimental material.The effects of exogenous butyric acid on the growth period, agronomic traits, yield and quality of barley under drought stress were compared and analyzed by water treatment and γ-aminobutyric acid treatment.【Results】 Exogenous butyric acid seed dressing had no effect on seedling emergence stage and heading stage, but spraying it at flowering stage had a certain effect on maturity stage, and slightly delayed the maturity stage.Under drought stress, seedling emergence stage was not affected, heading stage and maturity stage were advanced.Exogenous butyric acid had no significant difference in basic seedling under drought stress, but had significant difference in maximum total stem number, panicle number and tiller percentage.Plant height, panicle length, panicle grain number and 1000-grain weight increased with exogenous butyric acid treatment.Exogenous butyric acid treatment could improve the yield of barley under drought stress, and the three application techniques of seed dressing, spraying at flowering stage and spraying at seed dressing and flowering stage could reduce the drought loss of barley by 7.0%, 6.3% and 18.3%, respectively.Exogenous butyric acid could increase amylose starch ratio, but has no significant effect on protein content.【Conclusion】 Exogenous butyric acid seed dressing can increase the total number of stem and panicle of barley, while spraying can increase the 1000-grain weight of barley.The yield, drought resistance and amylose ratio of barley under drought stress are improved by seed dressing and spraying at flowering stage.

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Effects of different types of foliar fertilizers on grain yield and 1uality of winter wheat YANG Hongmei, ZHANG Yueqiang, SHI Yingwu, Omarjan Kurban, LIN Qing, WANG Ning, CHU Min, ZENG Jun 2023, 60(9): 2182-2188.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (835KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of spraying different types of foliar fertilizers on grain yield and quality of winter wheat in the hope of providing references for leaf formula fertilization and high-efficiency production of winter wheat.【Methods】 The wheat cultivars Xindong No.20 was used as testing material.Under field conditions, four treatments including Duntianbao, KH2PO4+ CO(NH2)2, Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) fertilizer, CK (spraying water) were set during grain filling stage.The grain yield, component factors and grain quality of winter wheat were determined.【Results】 Compared with CK, all the three kinds of foliar fertilizers could significantly increase the grain yield of wheat, and the yield-increasing effects of foliar fertilizer on the wheat was Duntianbao > KH2PO4+ CO(NH2)2 > PSB fertilizer, and their growth rates reached by 7.46%, 6.08% and 5.15%, respectively.Through the analysis of yield components, it was found that the three foliar fertilizer treatments could increase the grain yield of wheat mainly by increasing the 1,000-grain weight and kernels weight per spike.Among the three foliar fertilizers, the performance of PSB fertilizer in improving the grain quality of wheat was slightly better than those of KH2PO4+CO(NH2)2 and Duntianbao.Compared with CK, three kinds of foliar fertilizer significantly increased wheat grain protein content and stabilization time, in addition, PSB fertilizer significantly increased wheat grain wet gluten content.【Conclusion】 Therefore, proper application of foliar fertilizer in grain filling stage is an effective technical measure for high quality and yield of winter wheat, among which, PSB fertilizer can significantly improve the grain yield and quality of wheat, so it can be used as an environment-friendly fertilizer for wheat production.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing·Forestry

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Effects of different temperature and maturity on rot rate and quality of apricot during storage LIU Yufang, ZHANG Zhigang, LI Changcheng, LI Hong, CHENG Ping, YANG Lu 2023, 60(9): 2189-2197.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1383KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different harvest maturities on apricot fruit quality and decay rate under normal temperature and cold storage in the hope of providing the judging index and scientific basis for the appropriate harvest maturity of apricot fruit under those circumstances.【Methods】 Small white apricot and glossy white apricot were taken as test materials, and according to "yellowing rate", the fruits were divided into three maturity stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and the fruit hardness, quality and decay rate were measured and their correlation was analyzed.【Results】 There were significant differences among different ripeness of apricot fruits of the same variety, especially VC content (P<0.05); With the increase of ripeness, fruit hardness decreased, titratable acid content decreased, rot rate, pectin and fiber content increased, and other indexes changed slightly; In terms of rot rate: the maturity of the same variety Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ was higher than that of cold storage at room temperature; The results showed that the maturity of small whitei apricot Ⅱ and glossy white Apricot Ⅰ were better under normal temperature, under cold storage condition, the maturity of small white apricot Ⅲ and big white apricot Ⅲ were better.【Conclusion】 When stored and transported at room temperature, it is suitable to harvest the fruits of maturity Ⅱ of small white apricot and maturity Ⅰ of glossy white apricot, and when it is cold storage and transportation time, it is suitable to harvest the fruits of maturity Ⅲ of small white apricot and maturity Ⅲ of glossy white apricot.

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Effects of simulated cold chain transport on cell membrane lipid peroxidation and quality of apricot fruit during storage GONG Duorui, YANG Liling, HAN Jiang, YANG Zhongqiang, LIU Jia, WEN Yu, ZHU Zhanjiang, CUI Kuanbo 2023, 60(9): 2198-2207.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1713KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of near freezing temperature and cold chain transportation on storage quality and cell membrane lipid peroxidation of postharvest apricot fruits.【Methods】 Xinjiang 'Saimaiti apricot' was used as material, the vibration platform and cold storage were used to simulate the vibration environment of near freezing temperature cold chain transportation.The changes of quality and cell membrane lipid peroxidation of apricot fruits during storage after vibration treatment for 8 hours at different transportation temperatures of 1-2℃ (CK1), 4-6℃ (CK2) and near freezing temperature (-1.1--1.6℃) were studied.【Results】 The results showed that the near freezing temperature (-1.1--1.6℃) transportation treatment of apricot fruits effectively slowed down the increase of cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde content accumulation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, as well as the increase of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Lipoxygenase (LOX) and catalase (CAT) activities and peroxidase (POD) activities, and delayed the decline of hardness, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll content of apricot fruits.【Conclusion】 Near freezing temperature cold chain transportation can effectively slow down the oxidative damage, aging and softening of cell membrane lipids in apricot fruits.

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Effects of different precooling methods combined with H2O2 treatment on the quality of lvtangxin winter jujube during storage LI Ziqin, CHEN Ya, LI Wenqi, JIA Wenting, GUO Huijing, SONG Fangyuan, ZHAO Zhiyong, LIU Chengjiang 2023, 60(9): 2208-2215.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1299KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of different precooling methods combined with H2O2 fumigation on the quality of postharvest Lvtangxin winter jujube during storage.【Methods】 Xinjiang specialty Lvtangxin winter jujube was taken as the research object, and the pretreatment measures of fumigation and nano polyethylene microporous fresh-keeping film packaging of Lvtangxin winter jujube fruit with cold storage turnover box, in-situ differential pressure, cold storage direct cooling precooling combined with 1% H2O2 were adopted respectively, with no precooling and fumigation as the control (CK).By measuring the indexes of fruit redness index, decay index, weight loss rate, respiratory intensity, hardness, soluble solids, ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetone and cellulose, the quality change law and action mechanism of Lvtangxin winter jujube during storage were analyzed.On the 50th day of storage, the fruit decay rate, weight loss rate, ethanol and acetone content of the in situ pressure difference precooling combined with H2O2 fumigation treatment group were 53.6%, 7%, 71.6%, and 34.8% of CK, respectively. The cellulose content increased by 45.2% compared to CK.【Results】 The three precooling methods combined with H2O2 fumigation slowed down the increase of red turning index, decay rate, weight loss rate, respiratory intensity, ethanol, acetaldehyde and pyruvate content of Lvtangxin winter jujube and inhibited the decrease of hardness, soluble solids and cellulose content.【Conclusion】 The three precooling methods combined with H2O2 fumigation treatment can maintain the quality and brittleness of Lvtangxin winter jujube during storage, effectively prevent fruit softening, alcoholization and decay, and keep the fruit fresh quality to the greatest extent.

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Study on soil nutrient characteristics of Picea schrenkiana var. Tianschanica forest with different canopy densities XI Li, LI Siyao, XIA Xiaoying, CHEN Yuwen, LI Lin, WANG Jie, MA Xiaolong, Mierzhati Kenijialimu, Aliye Maimaiti, WANG Weixia 2023, 60(9): 2216-2222.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (832KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the characteristics of soil nutrients in Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica forest under different canopy densities in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of the forest.【Methods】 Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica forest with different canopy densities were taken as the research object, the effects of different canopy densities on Soil Nutrient Characteristics of the forest were analyzed and discussed by combining field sample investigation and indoor soil measurement and analysis.【Results】 (1)The soil nutrients of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica forest with different canopy density showed medium variability and obvious surface aggregation, mainly concentrated in 0-20 cm soil layer.(2) The contents of soil organic matter, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and total nitrogen in 0-20 cm soil layer increased with the increase of canopy density, and the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen increased significantly (P<0.05); The variation trend of soil nutrient content in 20-60 cm soil layer with canopy density was inconsistent and had no significant difference.In the whole soil profile, when the canopy density of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica forest reached 0.8, it was more conducive to the accumulation of soil nutrients.(3) There was a positive correlation between soil nutrients, and there was a very significant positive correlation between organic matter and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and total nitrogen.【Conclusion】 Canopy density has a significant effect on surface soil organic matter and total nitrogen of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica forest(P<0.05).Canopy density of 0.8 is more conducive to soil nutrient accumulation of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica forest.

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Cloning and sequence analysis of expansin gene ZjEXPA8 in Huizao JIN Juan, Subina Xiaokelaiti, Abudoukayoumu Ayimaiti, YANG Lei, HAO Qing, FAN Dingyu 2023, 60(9): 2223-2230.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1541KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clone a expansin gene ZjEXPA8 and analyze its sequence characteristics analyzed in the hope of laying a foundation for further study on the role and function of the gene in the fruit development of Huizao.【Methods】 In this study, the flower and young fruit of Huizao were used as the tested materials.According to the sequence of ZjEXPA8 gene (LOC107414006), Primer Premier 5.0 software was used to design primers, and RT-PCR was used to clone ZjEXPA8 gene.In addition, Bioinformatics method was used to analyze the nucleotide sequence of ZjEXPA8 gene.【Results】 ZjEXPA8 contained a 762 bp open reading frame (gene accession number was NP_001310794.1), which encoded 253 amino acids.The predicted molecular weight of the protein was 26.91 kDa, the isoelectric point was 8.32, the instability coefficient was 30.09, and the fat index was 66.72.The mean total hydrophilicity was -0.107, which belonged to stable hydrophilic protein.The main component of the secondary and tertiary structure of ZjEXPA8 protein was irregular curls.The structure analysis of ZjEXPA8 protein showed that the protein did not have transmembrane domain, but contained two conserved domains of DPBB_1 and Pollen_allerg_1.Homologous sequence alignment analysis showed that ZjEXPA8 protein exhibited the highest similarity with soybean (Glycine Max, XP_003523277.1, GmEXPA8) (93.13%).Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that ZjEXPA8 gene was most closely related to Hevea Brasiliensis (XP_021684783.1, HbEXPA8) and Arabidopsis thaliana (NP_181593.1, AtEXPA8).Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that ZjEXPA8 gene expressed in different flower development stages of Huizao with the highest expression level in bud yellow stage and the second in sepal spread stage, suggesting that ZjEXPA8 gene may mainly play its role in bud yellowing and sepal flattening stage.【Conclusion】 The protein encoded by ZjEXPA8 exhibits the highest homology with soybean.Phylogenetic tree analysis shows that ZjEXPA8 is closely related to Hevea Brasiliensis (HbEXPA8) and Arabidopsis thaliana (AtEXPA8).

Plant Protection·Microbes

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EMS mutants of wheat hengguan 35 and identification of the mutants resistant to fusarium crown rot QIN Pengliang, ZHOU Xiao, Kahsay Tadesse Mawcha, WANG Shuang, LI Jiaqi, LIU Ying, ZHANG Na, YANG Wenxiang 2023, 60(9): 2231-2238.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1079KB) ( )   【Objective】 Study EMS mutants of wheat hengguan 35 and identification of the mutants resistant to fusarium crown rot.【Methods】 In this study, different concentrations of ethyl methanesul fonate (EMS) were employed on wheat seeds of cultivar Hengguan 35.The untreated Hengguan 35 was used as the susceptible control, and Shiyou 17 was used as the moderately resistant control.Through artificial inoculation of Fusarium pseudograminearum, the resistance of the mutagenized material was identified, and the M3 generation material resistant to FCR was obtained by adding generation in the greenhouse.【Results】 The EMS concentration suitable for Hengguan 35 mutation was finally determined to be 0.4%, and seven mutants showing immunity at the plant stage were obtained from 106 M3 Hengguan 35 materials.The overall disease index of the mutant materials at seedling and adult stages was 34.93% and 34.62% lower than those of the susceptible control, respectively.【Conclusion】 After EMS mutation of wheat Hengguan 35, an appropriate mutation concentration of 0.4% was determined. A total of 7 immune resistant wheat FCR were screened from the M3 generation of the tested mutant varieties.

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Evaluation of saline/alkali tolerance of new transgenic High-Yield cotton at germination and seedling stages SONG Bingmei, JIANG Yan, CHEN Xin, ZHANG Yu, CHENG Wannan, PAN Hongsheng 2023, 60(9): 2239-2247.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (891KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to explore the effects of saline/alkali stress on the growth and development of new transgenic high-yield cotton at germination stage and seedling stage, and evaluate its saline/alkali tolerance. 【Methods】 In this project, transgenic Bn-csRRM2 high-yield cotton HN9311 and CCRI-12 (parent control) were used as study materials, the values and differences of growth and development related indexes were calculated and analyzed under saline stress (150 mmol/L NaCl) and alkali stress (70 mmol/L NaHCO3). 【Results】 Except the number of true leaves and root/shoot, the other direct indexes of HN9311 at germination stage and seedling stage significantly decreased under saline stress and alkali stress when compared with those of CCRI-12; Except for relative hypocotyl length and relative germination index under alkali stress at germination stage, and relative root/shoot under alkali stress at seedling stage, the other relative indexes of HN9311 at germination and seedling stages were significantly lower than or equal to those of CCRI-12; The relative saline/alkali damage rates of HN9311 at germination stage were 27.00% and 21.00%, and those of CCRI-12 were 22.75% and 23.00%. The relative saline damage rate of HN9311was significantly higher than that of CCRI-12. 【Conclusion】 Saline/alkali stress has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and development of HN9311 at germination stage and seedling stage. HN9311 is more sensitive to alkali stress at seedling stage when compared with saline stress, saline tolerance at germination stage and saline/alkali tolerance at seedling stage were lower than those of CCRI-12.

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Effects of different microbial treatments on tomato soil microbial diversity WANG Dandan, LI Yan, ZHANG Qingyin, Li Shidong, PANG Yongchao, MA Kunzhi, MA Long, NIU Ruisheng, ZHONG Zengming, QI Lianfen, SHI Jianhua 2023, 60(9): 2248-2257.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1637KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the effects of different microbial treatments on tomato soil microbial diversity, and provide theoretical basis and reference for improving soil microbial diversity and increasing tomato yield.【Methods】 With fruit tomato Nongbo powder 18109 as the test material, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the effects of microbial bacteria on tomato soil microbial diversity and environmental relevance of one control (CK) treatment and three microbial bacteria treatments of Actinomycetes (T1), Bacillus subtilis (T2) and Trichoderma harzianum (T3).【Results】 T3 had the highest bacterial content, T1 had the highest fungal content.The ratio of bacteria to fungi in T1 and T3 was greater than that of the CK, and soil microorganisms presented "bacterialization".Alpha diversity showed that T1 and T3 had more bacterial species than CK.T1, T2, and T3 have fewer fungal species than CK.Shannon and Simpson indexes of bacteria treated with T2 were lower than those of CK, and the Shannon and Simpson indexes of bacteria treated with T1 and T3 were lower.The Shannon and Simpson indexes of the fungi treated by the three microorganisms were higher than that of CK.There were differences among the four treatments of control, Actinomycetes, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma harzianum, and there was a strong consistency among the same treatments.The bacterial and fungal diversity of T1 and T3 microbial treatments were similar.Among the bacteria, Unspecified_iii1_15,Unspecified_RB41, Unspecified_Gemm_5, Unspecified_Syntrophobacteraceae, Kaistobacter were the dominant bacterial genera.The relative abundance of Kastobacter in CK, T1, and T3 was the highest, and in T2 the relative abundance of Bacillus was the highest.Among the fungi, Fusarium, Unspecified_Chaetomiaceae, Unspecified_Pezizales, Unspecified_Hypocreales_fam_Incertae_sedis, Mortierella were the dominant fungi, the relative abundance of Fusarium was the highest among the 4 different treatments.The correlation between leaf width and microbial community distribution in bacteria and fungi was the smallest, and the correlation between leaf length, plant height, stem thickness, yield and microbial community distribution was high.The effect of Actinomycetes and Trichoderma harzianum on tomato soil microorganisms was relatively strong.The correlation between leaf length, leaf width, stem thickness and Actinomycetes was the strongest, and the correlation between yield and Trichoderma harzianum was the strongest.【Conclusion】 Different microbial treatments have different effects on tomato soil microbial diversity, but Actinomycetes and Trichoderma harzianum havw relatively greater effects on tomato soil microorganisms, and leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter have the highest correlation with Actinomycetes, Trichoderma harzianum has the highest correlation with yield.

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Isolation, identification and biological characteristics of potato scab pathogen in Baicheng, Xinjiang XU Lijuan, CHEN Yong, WANG Zeyu, WANG Bo, Ainijiang Ersiman, GUO Rui, LI Kemei, SONG Suqin 2023, 60(9): 2258-2265.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1109KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the species of potato common scab pathogenic bacteria in Baicheng County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang.【Methods】 Potato common scab tubers and potato surface soil were collected from three different growing areas in Baicheng County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, and the pathogenic bacteria were identified by tissue isolation method and dilution coating isolation method, and by pathogenicity determination, morphology, molecular biology and physiological and biochemical characteristics.【Results】 Among the 72 isolated actinomycetes, six strains contained the pathogenic genes txtAB, tomA and nec1 and were strongly pathogenic to radish seedlings; they were identified as the same Streptomyces bobili, which was the first reported pathogen in Xinjiang.All the tested carbon and nitrogen sources were available as single carbon and nitrogen sources by strain S.bobili K6, with melanin production on complex agar medium, sensitive to 6% NaCl, 0.1% phenol, 20 μg/mL streptomycin, and not growing any more at pH 4 normally.【Conclusion】 The pathogenic of potato common scab is S.bobili in Baicheng County of Xinjiang, which contains three pathogenic genes txtAB, tomA, and nec1, and belongs to highly pathogenicity.

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Functional response of Chilomenes quadriplagiata to Tinocallis kahawaluokalani WEN Xia, TIAN Lichao, GAO Guizhen 2023, 60(9): 2266-2272.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (779KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to assecse the biological control potential of Chilomenes quadriplagiata on Tinocallis.kahawaluokalani.【Methods】 Chilomenes quadriplagiata is an important natural enemy of the crape myrtle aphid Tinocallis kahawaluokalani. The predation and intraspectic disturbance of the adults of C.quadriplagiata to the T.kahawaluokalani were studied in a controlled climatic chamber held at (22±1)℃, (65 ± 10) % RH, and photoperiod of 14∶10 (L∶D) h.【Results】 The results showed that the functional response of C.quadriplagiata to T.kahawaluokalani fitted well with the Holling-Ⅱ equation.The fitting equation was $N_{a}0.7172N_{t}/(1+0.0025N_{t})$,and the maximum daily predation number was 286.86.The searching efficiency of C.quadriplagiata to T.kahawaluokalani was gradually decreased with the increase of prey density.The intraspecific interference equation was $E=0.4644P^{-1.3675}$.【Conclusion】 The results indicate that C.quadriplagiata is an effective predator and has a high potential in control T.kahawaluokalani.

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Investigation of parasitoids of Didesmococcus koreanus Borchsenius YANG Haitao, XI Ouyan, ZHAO Qian, CAO Zhujun, HU Hongying 2023, 60(9): 2273-2280.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1234KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the parasitic natural enemy insect resources of Didesmococcus koreanus Borchsenius, a fruit pest in forest and describe their morphology and screen out the dominant parasitic wasps in the hope of providing theoretical basis for biological control of Didesmococcus koreanus Borchsenius in the future.【Methods】 Adults of scale insect were collected and reared indoors to obtain parasitoid natural enemies.Afterwards, these parasitoids were identified and described.Parasitic wasps were raised indoors to record the lifespan of parasitic wasps and compare the lifespan of different parasitic wasps.【Results】 It was found that there were four parasitic wasps of Didesmococcus koreanus Borchsenius: Encyrtus infidus Rossi, Blastothrix sericea Dalman, Coccophagus lycimnia Walker and Pachyneuron solitarium Hartig.These species accounted for 65.14%, 21.14%, 13.14% and 0.57% of the parasitoids, respectively.The number of Encyrtusinfidus Rossi and Blastothrix sericea Dalman were large, and they were the dominant parasitic wasps of Didesmococcus koreanus Borchsenius, with female and male ratios of 1.33∶1 and 1.31∶1, respectively.The maximal lifespan of Encyrtus infidus Rossi fmales was 18 days and that of males was 9 days; the maximal lifespan of Blastothrixsericea Dalman both sexes was 17 days.【Conclusion】 There are abundant resources of parasitic wasps of Didesmococcus koreanus Borchsenius.In this study, 4 species are recorded, among which Encyrtus infidus Rossi and Blastothrix sericea Dalman were the dominant parasitic wasps.the sex ratio of the two dominant parasitic wasps was 1.3∶1, and there is no significant difference in female lifespan between the two dominant parasitic wasps.

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Development of molecular markers for clubroot resistance and identification of germplasm resources for Brassica rapa ZHANG Liguo, GUO Chungui, CHANG Lichun, GUO Xinlei, ZHANG Tao, WU Jian, LIANG Jianli, GAO Jie, WANG Xiaowu 2023, 60(9): 2281-2290.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (854KB) ( )   【Objective】 To develop KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) marker for efficiently identifying CR (clubroot resistance) genes in cabbage B.rapa germplasms by using KASP markers to explore the distribution of clubroot resistant genes in germplasm collected with a large number of B.rapa accessions.【Methods】 Based on the information of cloned clubroot resistance genes previously, KASP markers were developed using Primer 3 and DNAMAN and the highly reliable markers were screened using a representative population containing 62 B.rapa varieties.Then, these available markers were used to genotype the 862 B.rapa resource population for disease resistance.【Results】 Based on four cloned disease resistance genes (CRa, CRb, CRd, Crr1a), six gene-specific KASP markers related to clubroot disease resistance were developed and screened.Among the 862 B.rapa germplasm accessions, 105 accessions containing clubroot resistance genes were identified.Turnip and turnip rape accounted for 70.48%.CRa was found to be the clubroot resistance gene carried by most accessions among B.rapa germplasm resources, which accounted for 58.09% of all disease resistant materials.Additionally, we found 16 accessions that contained two or more resistance genes.【Conclusion】 In this study, six stable and reliable gene-specific KASP markers were developed.CRa was found to be the clubroot resistance genes carried by most accessions among the four CR genes.Importantly, a few germplasm resources were identified that carried multiple clubroot resistance genes.

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Effects of cadmium stress on juvenile hormone and molting hormone titers in Spodoptera exigua WU Menglu, SUN Qingming, WU Jiaojiao, WANG Kai, YANG Yang, YANG Yizhong, SU Honghua 2023, 60(9): 2291-2297.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (750KB) ( )   【Objective】 Effects of cadmium stress on juvenile hormone and molting hormone titers in Spodoptera exigua. The effect of heavy metal on growth and development of insects from the perspective of insect physiology in the hope of providing a basis for ecological risk assessment and pollution control of heavy metals.【Methods】 In this study, artificial diet containing four concentrations of Cd2+ (0, 0.2,3.2, 51.2 mg/kg) were used to feed the newly hatched larvae of Spodoptera exigua until pupation.Then the titers of juvenile hormone and molting hormone at different growth stages (3rd instar, 5th instar, female adult and male adult) of S.exigua were determined.【Results】 The results of this experiment showed that the titers of juvenile hormone and molting hormone in larvae increased under low concentration cadmium stress (0.2 mg/kg).With the increase of cadmium concentration, the titers of juvenile hormone and molting hormone gradually decreased.The titers of juvenile-preserving hormone and molting hormone increased in Spodoptera exigua under cadmium stress, and the titers of juvenile-preserving hormone and molting hormone did not change significantly with the increase of cadmium concentration.【Conclusion】 The results indicate that cadmium stress has significant effects on the titers of two hormones in S.exigua.

Prataculture·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Food Process Engineering

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Quantitative characteristics and diversity of sagebrush desert plant communities on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains ZHOU Shijie, DONG Yiqiang, Asitaiken Julihaiti, NIE Tingting, JIANG Anjing, AN Shazhou 2023, 60(9): 2298-2305.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1034KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the quantitative characteristics and diversity variation of Sagebrushdesert plant communities on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains and explore the differences in the quantitative characteristics and diversity of plant communities in different regions in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for scientific management of this type of desert grassland.【Methods】 The field survey and sampling method were used to investigate and analyze the plant community characteristics of sagebrush desert in the western, middle and eastern sections of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains.【Results】 (1) From the western to eastern section of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, the biomass of sub-shrubs increased gradually, and the eastern section was significantly higher than that in the western section by 266.51% (P<0.05).The biomass decreased gradually from west to east (P<0.05); the quantitative characteristics of annual herbs and ephemeral and ephemeral-like plants all showed the maximum value in the middle section.(2) The height, coverage, density and biomass of plant community increased first and then decreased from west to east, and reached the maximum value in the middle section.Patrick's richness index, Simpson's dominance index, and Shannon-Wiener species diversity indexes all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing from west to east in space, while Pielou's evenness index showed a gradually decreasing trend from west to east.(3) The correlations between the quantitative characteristics and diversity of plant communities in grasslands in different regions of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains were different.Overall, the coverage, density and biomass of sagebrush desert grasslands were positively correlated with plant diversity, while plant height negatively correlated with plant diversity.(4) The main influencing factors of the spatial variation of sagebrush desert plant community were altitude, soil organic carbon and annual average temperature.【Conclusion】 The quantitative characteristics and diversity of sagebrush desert plant community on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains show a trend of first increase and then decrease from west to east, and altitude, soil organic carbon and annual average temperature are the most important environmental factors affecting the composition and diversity of plant community.

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Effects of alflfa different irrigation methods on soil moisture and irrigation water use efficiency MA Mingjie, ZHAO Jinghua, LI Dongmin, YANG Shengchun, WANG Kexian, LI Chi 2023, 60(9): 2306-2313.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (865KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore suitable irrigation methods for alfalfa cultivation in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China.【Methods】 Three kinds of irrigation methods, rolling irrigation W1, pointer sprinkler irrigation W2 and shallow drip irrigation W3, were designed to implement irrigation, and the quantitative effects of various irrigation methods on land moisture, alfalfa yield and irrigation water efficiency were compared and studied.【Results】 The results showed that shallow-buried drip irrigation treatment significantly increased soil water content at 0-100 cm during the growth period of alfalfa compared with rolling sprinkler irrigation treatment and pointer sprinkler irrigation treatment (P<0.05), and shallow-buried drip irrigation could effectively improve soil water content.The total yield of shallow-buried drip irrigation was 15,094.10 kg/hm2, which was increased by 7.15% and 6.67% compared with rolling and pointer sprinkler irrigation.The average water use efficiency of four crops increased by 40.59% and 41.29%.The net profit of shallow-buried drip irrigation was 6,263.56 yuan /hm2, which was 37.86% and 34.69% higher than that of rolling sprinkler irrigation and pointer sprinkler irrigation.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis shows that shallow-buried drip irrigation can significantly improve soil moisture status, improve alfalfa yield and irrigation water utilization efficiency, and increase the profit of alfalfa planting.Therefore, shallow-buried drip irrigation is recommended as an irrigation method in water resource shortage areas.

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Effect of dominant psychrophilic bacteria in fresh milk on the concentration of UHT Milk protein WANG Hui, SHAO Wei, ZHANG Shaoying, WANG Fulan, WANG Shuai, WU Yating, FAN Xue, ZHAO Yankun 2023, 60(9): 2314-2322.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1486KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the changes of protein concentration in UHT milk at different storage temperatures when UHT milk was exposed to different orders of cold-philic bacteria.【Methods】 (1) Mixed culture method was used to dilute the raw milk from the original liquid to a 10-5 dilution gradient, and each gradient was parallel to each other.They were cultured at 6.5℃ for 10 days to isolate and purify and retain a single colony.(2) Genomic DNA extraction and PCR reaction were used to identify the dominant cold-philic bacteria.(3) Milk plate visual identification method was used to screen the strain with the strongest protease production ability.(4) BCA protein concentration determination method was applied, UHT milk was diluted 8 times, 12 times, 20 times, 24 times and 28 times dilution concentration in phosphate buffer, and the linear dilution ratio of UHT milk in protein concentration determination experiment was determined.(5) UHT milk was simultaneously inoculated with 103, 104 and 105 CFU/mL dominant thermophilic bacteria.The three experimental groups were stored at 4, 7 and 21℃ for 7 days, respectively.Protein concentration was detected every 24hBCA.【Results】 (1) A total of 212 strains of thermophilic bacteria were screened out from 33 fresh milk samples.(2) Through PCR identification, pseudomonas was the dominant cold-philic bacteria in fresh milk, and the isolation rate was 5.19%; (3) Through the milk plate visual identification method, pseudomonas strain 99 showed the strongest protease production ability, and the diameter of the transparent ring was 0.3mm; (3) The linear coefficient of protein quantification in UHT milk at 28 times diluted concentration was R2=0.998, and the linear relationship was the best.(4) At 4℃, there was no significant change in the protein concentration of the three experimental groups supplemented with 103 CFU/mL, 104 CFU/mL and 105 CFU/mL pseudomonas (P > 0.05); At 7℃, the protein concentration of the inoculated bacteria in the three groups was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05); At 21℃, except for 104 CFU/mL group, the protein concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05), the protein concentration in 103 CFU/mL and 105 CFU/mL groups decreased significantly (P<0.01).【Conclusion】 The content of cryophilic bacteria in fresh milk, storage temperature and storage time all affect the protein concentration of UHT milk.The higher the temperature is, the higher the content of cryophilic bacteria is, and the more obvious the degree of protein hydrolysis is, thus affecting the quality of UHT milk.

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Screening, identification and characteristics of Lactic acid bacteria from the sayram ketteki HE Qi, FENG Qian, LI Xue, YI Yuanyang, GU Meiying, ZHU Jin, SUN Jian, ZHANG Zhidong 2023, 60(9): 2323-2330.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (937KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore and utilize the LAB resources in Sayram Ketteki.【Methods】 12 yoghurt samples were collected around Sayram town in Aksu Prefecture, and the strains were isolated by the plate dilution method.The 16S rRNA gene sequences and morphological observation were carried out to clarify the taxonomic status of the strains, and edible safety characteristics such as hemolysis and harmful metabolites were detected.【Results】 A total of 36 LAB strains were isolated and identified, which belonged to 4 species of Eremococcus, Leuconostoc, Lentilactobacillus and Streptococcus; the tested strains could tolerate 0.5% bile salt, 5% NaCl, and showed good high temperature resistance, milk peptonization, different enzyme activities, antibacterial properties, and auto aggregation ability.None of strains were positive for hemolysis.Nonitroreductase and biogenic amines were produced by strains except H5-4.【Conclusion】 The LAB obtained from camel milk in this study have good fermentation characteristics and food safety, which provides a research basis for the subsequent development of lactic acid bacteria resources.

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Comparison of early growth performance of offspring of kazakh sheep with different hybrid combinations Bayinhua , LIANG Long, HE Pengfei, LI Jiaying, HE Xin, HE Sangang, LI Wenrong 2023, 60(9): 2331-2340.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.030 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1055KB) ( )   【Objective】 Through the comparison of the early growth and development law of the offspring of different generations of hybrid combinations of Texel Sheep and Kazak sheep, this project aims to screen the hybrid combinations with fast growth and significant weight gain in the early stage, and to determine the optimal cross fixation mode, so as to provide a theoretical basis for screening new types of meat breeding of Kazak sheep.【Methods】 Based on the previous studies of Kazak sheep, the body weight of four different hybrid combinations (Texel Sheep× F1, F2 × F1, F2 × Kazakh sheep, F1 × F2), a total of 1,193 singleton lambs from birth to 180 days of age was measured and their cumulative growth, absolute growth and relative growth were fit and compared by using Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy nonlinear fitting models, from which, the crosses with the best early growth performance were selected and the optimal regression equation established and the growth curve drawn.【Results】 From birth to 180 days of age in lambs of different hybrid combinations, F2 × F1 hybrid lambs have fast growth speed, high growth intensity, significant weight gain, and can reach the inflection point weight faster when the inflection point weight is higher.Texel×F1, F2×Kazakh Hybrid lambs followed.In contrast, F1×F2 hybrid lambs have slower growth and development speed, lower growth intensity, and the body weight is significantly lower than other hybrid combinations of the same age.Although the male lambs has a high inflection point body weight, it takes too long to reach this body weight.【Conclusion】 Through screening, it is considered that the hybridized combination with the best early growth and development performance is F2 × F1.