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20 August 2023, Volume 60 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Genetics · Soil Fertilizer
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Crop Genetics and Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Genetics · Soil Fertilizer

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Effects of planting mode and irrigation quota on yield and fiber quality of machine-picked long-staple cotton WANG Xin, LIN Tao, CUI Jianping, WU Fengquan, TANG Zhixuan, CUI Laiyuan, GUO Rensong, WANG Liang, ZHENG Zipiao 2023, 60(8): 1821-1829.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1179KB) ( )   【Objective】 Effects of planting mode and irrigation quota on yield and fiber quality of machine-picked long-staple cotton and provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of machine-picked long-staple cotton.【Methods】 This study adopted a split-plot experimental design.Under the same planting density, three planting patterns were set: one film with three rows (S3), one film with four rows (S4), and one film with six rows (S6).The three irrigation quotas were: 3,150 m3/hm2 [W1, severe deficit (field capacity 50%)], 4,050 m3/hm2 [W2, mild deficit (field capacity 75%)] and 4,980 m3/hm2 [ W3, slight deficit (field capacity 100%)].【Results】 Under different row spacing and irrigation quota, the accumulation of cotton dry matter conformed to the logistic growth function model.Under the same irrigation quota, with the expansion of the average row spacing, it enter the period of rapid dry matter accumulation earlier and increase Vm.The average Vm of S3 treatment 0.62 and 0.77 g/(plant·d) higher than that of S4 and S6 treatments, respectively.Under the same planting mode, with the increase of irrigation quota, the dry matter accumulation rate faster and the rapid accumulation period longer.The increase of average row spacing and irrigation quota significantly improved the number of bolls per plant and the quality of bolls, and finally increased the yield.There was no significant difference between W2 and W3 treatments.In terms of defoliation and branch hanging, under the same irrigation quota, with the expansion of the average row spacing, the defoliation rate of long-staple cotton was significantly increased, and the hanging branch rate was significantly reduced; under the same planting mode, with the increase of irrigation quota, oth leaf rate and branch hanging rate were significantly increased.In the interaction between the production and fiber quality, the defoliation rate of S3W3 treatment was the highest, and the branch hanging rate of S3W1 treatment was the lowest.In terms of fiber quality, the half-average length, uniformity and textile parameters increased with the increase of the average row spacing; the effect of irrigation quota on fiber quality was not significant, but the W1 treatment showed better fiber quality.【Conclusion】 The combination of equal row spacing and mild deficit irrigation (S3W2) is beneficial to the transfer of dry matter accumulation to reproductive organs, and the number of bolls per plant and the weight of single bolls are significantly increased, which is different from the seed cotton yield under the full irrigation treatment.And the defoliation rate is higher, the leaf hanging rate is lower, and the fiber quality is better.

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Identification and analysis of machine-picked agronomic characters of Gossypium hirsutum resource materials MA Qingshan, DU Xiao, TAO Zhixin, HAN Wanli, LONG Yilei, AI Xiantao, HU Shoulin 2023, 60(8): 1830-1839.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1042KB) ( )   【Objective】 The agronomic characters of machine-picked upland cotton resource materials were analyzed and identified, and the excellent cotton materials suitable for machine-picked cotton were selected.【Methods】 Variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 15 agronomic characters of 120 germplasm materials.【Results】 The variation analysis of 15 agronomic traits showed that the variation coefficients of the other agronomic traits were all greater than 5% except the growth period and chlorophyll SPAD value, which were 4.9% and 4.6%, respectively. The variation coefficient of total leaf was the largest, which was 47.7%. The growth period was positively correlated with the number of leaf branches, and negatively correlated with the number of effective fruit branches and coat fraction. Plant height was positively correlated with the height of initial node, the number of fruit branches, the number of effective fruit branches, the number of bolls per plant and chlorophyll SPAD value, and was negatively correlated with clothing fraction. The first node of fruit branch was positively correlated with the height of the first node of fruit branch, and negatively correlated with the number of fruit branch. The height of initial node of fruit branch was positively correlated with chlorophyll SPAD value. The boll number per plant was positively correlated with the number of fruit branches, the number of effective fruit branches, the number of leaf branches, the total number of leaves, the weight of single boll and the value of chlorophyll SPAD, and was negatively correlated with the content of clothes. 120 materials could be divided into 7 groups when Euclidean distance was 5, and each group had its own advantages. The group Ⅰ materials met the requirements of mechanical cotton harvesting except plant height, and the group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ materials met the requirements of mechanical cotton harvesting except that the growth period did not meet the ripness requirements. Five principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, with a cumulative contribution rate of 77.07%. most of the information of 12 quantitative agronomic traits of 120 cotton materials were explained. The first three principal components were boll number per plant, growth period and height of fruit branch beginning, and factor 4 and factor 5 were boll weight.【Conclusion】 Ten cotton materials were obtained,which can be used as reserve and excellent materials for cotton breeding by machine.

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Effects of Different Film Mulching Width on Cotton Farmland Environment LI Xueling, GUO Junxian, CHEN Li, SONG Heling, ZHANG Zhong 2023, 60(8): 1840-1847.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1265KB) ( )   【Objective】 To further study the effects of different film mulching width on soil moisture content and soil temperature at 0 ~ 60 cm soil depth during the whole growth period of cotton.【Methods】 The soil moisture monitor was used to monitor the real-time situation of soil moisture and temperature.At the same time, the soil volume and water content of six consecutive soil layer depths (one layer per 10 cm) and the soil temperature of six consecutive soil layer depths (one layer per 10 cm) were monitored simultaneously.According to the cotton fertility stage, the daily ground temperature and water changes of the cotton seedling period, bud period, flower bell period and spitting catkins period were read, respectively.Through information monitoring, the effects of 4.4 m ultra wide film and 2.05 m wide film on soil moisture and temperature were analyzed.【Results】 The diurnal variation trend of ground temperature of 4.4 m ultra wide film was consistent with that of 2.05 m wide film at the depth of 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer.The soil temperature was mainly affected by the atmospheric temperature at the surface and 10 cm underground.At this time, the surface temperature was also high due to the high solar radiation intensity.At the later stage of cotton growth, the temperature of different soil layers gradually decreased, and the soil temperature of 4.4 m ultra wide film lagged behind that of 2.05 m wide film.From cotton seedling stage to flowering and bolling stage, the average temperature below the middle soil depth was negatively correlated with the average water content.【Conclusion】 Ultra wide film has the ability of increasing temperature and water retention, can improve soil hydrothermal conditions, accelerate cotton growth and development, and has remarkable yield increasing effect.It can be used for popularization and trial in northern Xinjiang.

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Effects of different ecological conditions on dry matter accumulation and yield of spring wheat varieties DONG Yanxue, JIA Yonghong, ZHANG Jinshan, LI Dandan, WANG Kai, LUO Siwei, WANG Runqi, SHI Shubing 2023, 60(8): 1848-1857.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1232KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different ecological conditions in northern Xinjiang on dry matter accumulation and yield formation of spring wheat, and provide a reference for formulating breeding goals and achieving high yield and high quality of spring wheat.【Methods】 A two-factor experimental design was adopted, 5 varieties: Xinchun 44, Xinchun 37, Xinchun 48, Xinchun 26 and Ningchun 16 were planted in three ecological conditions of Qitai area, Mulei area and Tacheng area, to study the effects of different ecological conditions on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield components and yield of spring wheat.【Results】 The leaf area index, dry matter accumulation in vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage, grain filling capacity and yield of spring wheat were the largest in Qitai.The dry matter accumulation in vegetative growth stage, reproductive growth stage, grain filling sink capacity and yield of spring wheat varieties in Qitai were 26.73%, 32.20%, 11.66% and 45.87% higher than those in Mulei, 21.33%, 17.29%, 1.17% and 17.58% higher than those in Tacheng.The grouting rate was the smallest at Qitai, the second in Techeng, and the largest in Mulei.Under the ecological conditions of Qitai, the yield of Xinchun37 was 0.92%~8.25% higher than those of other varieties.Under Mulei ecological conditions, the yield of Xinchun37 was 6.14%~19.52% higher than those of other varieties.Under Tacheng ecological conditions, the yield of Xinchun44 increased by 4.12%~19.64% compared with other varieties.【Conclusion】 Variety characteristics and yield, spring wheat is the most suitable to be planted in Qitai ecological area, namely, Xinchun 37 should be planted in Qitai and Mulei ecological areas, and Xinchun 44 is appropriate to be planted in Tacheng ecological areas.

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Analysis of character variation and heterosis of F1 generation of different crosses in wheat FENG Mei, LIU Chaoqin, CHEN Jie, LIU Wenlong, YANG Zhigang, TIAN Jieying, HUANG Xin 2023, 60(8): 1858-1865.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (703KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the rules of genetic variation and heterosis of F1 characters in wheat hybrids.【Methods】 The cross combination with Han 5316 was taken as female parent and six different wheat varieties as male parent and their female parent were used as materials in this study, variance analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze 7 phenotypic traits.【Results】 ①The average coefficient of variation of 7 traits ranged from 4.00%-17.71%, indicating that there were abundant genetic diversity in F1 hybrid progeny of wheat hybrids.②The heritability of F1 generation in wheat was different.The heritability of spike length, grains per spike, spike grain weight and 1000-grain weight was the highest, which was more than 100%; ③ The percentage of heterosis was -32.95%-99.13%, and the heterosis of different combinations was different; ④ The 7 characters all affected each other, and the spike grain weight, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight had a greater influence.【Conclusion】 Two excellent hybrid combinations 18-4 and 18-5 were selected by principal component analysis, and their progenies were characterized by long spike, more grains per spike and larger grains per spike.

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Effects of chasing rate during peak nutrient uptake of transport under n Reduction on spring wheat LI Huaisheng, AI Hongyu, MENG Ling, WANG Heya, ZHANG Lei, AI Haifeng 2023, 60(8): 1866-1872.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (703KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide a basis for reasonable nitrogen reduction in high-yield and high-quality cultivation of spring wheat under drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang and to determine the amount of nitrogen fertilizer from nodulation to flowering.【Methods】 Xinchun 43 was taken as the test material, on the basis of investigating the nitrogen application amount of 390 kg / hm2 in 213 agricultural households, three nitrogen application levels (312, 270 and 234 kg / hm2) and the operation research ratio from nodulation to flowering (7∶3, 5∶5 and 6∶4) were set according to the nitrogen reduction of 20%, 30% and 40%, to study the effect of the transport ratios from nodulation to flowering on drip irrigated spring wheat.【Results】 Under the condition of N1, the yield of R3 was the highest, which was increased by 7.4% and 3.7% compared with those of R1 and R2.The dry matter accumulation increased by 13.9%, 17.5%, 26.2% and 10.3% compared with that of R1, and 7.7%, 3.6%, 10.6% and 2.6% compared with R2 in each period, respectively; There was no significant difference in assimilation transport before and after anthesis, and the leaf area index was R3 > R2 > R1.Under N2 condition, the yield was consistent with that under N1 condition.The dry matter accumulation was R2 > R1 > R3 in each period.The assimilation transport before and after flowering showed a trend of "increasing first and then decreasing", which reached the maximum in R2, 2,614.35 and 6,284.79 kg / hm2 respectively.The leaf area index was R3 > R2 > R1.Under the condition of N3, the yield of R2 was significantly higher than those of R1 and R3, with an increase of 25.4% and 32.0%, respectively.The dry matter accumulation increased by 4.8%, 10.8%, 8.5% and 23.2% compared with that of R1.The assimilates content before and after anthesis of R3 was maximum at 2,242.32 kg/hm2, which increased by 50.6% and 36.8% compared with R1 and R2, respectively, and the leaf area index showed R2>R1>R3.【Conclusion】 The pure nitrogen 234 kg/hm2 and the N fertilizer transportation ratio of 6:4 from nodulation to flowering are more suitable for spring wheat production under the conditions of this experiment.

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Regulation of chlormequat on lodging resistance of winter wheat stem during the period of drip application of CCC ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, Sailihan Sai, LEI Junjie 2023, 60(8): 1873-1878.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (698KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the regulation of chlormequat on lodging resistance of winter wheat stalks at different drip application periods, determine the best drip application period of chlormequat, and provide theoretical basis for drip irrigation wheat lodging resistance and its control measures in Xinjiang.【Methods】 In 2019-2020, the potted plant simulation field drip irrigation mode was adopted, and based on the previous research that the best chlormequat drip rate of 4,500 mL/hm2 was obtained, the greening period (S1), the rising period (S2), and the jointing period (S3) and the non-drip chlormequat control (S0), a total of 4 treatments with different chlormequat application periods were set to study the effects of different treatments on the drip irrigation wheat plant height, stem thickness, center of gravity height, the characteristics of the second internode at the base, and lodging resistance index and the impact of grain yield.【Results】 The results showed that the drop application of chlormequat during the rising stage had a more significant effect on the reduction of the height of the wheat plant height and the height of the center of gravity than the greening and jointing stages.3.38 mm, the maximum wall thickness was 0.543 mm, the maximum internode fullness was 25.57 mg/cm, the maximum bending resistance was 5.44 N, and the stalk lodging resistance index was the maximum 15.96 N/m.Compared with S0 treatment, chlormequat drip application increased the single-stem biomass of wheat, and the maximum single-stem biomass of wheat treated with S2 was 3.42 g/stem.The most fertile spikelets were treated with S1, the most sterile spikelets were S0, and the number of grains per spike was 38.50 grains at most in the S1 treatment.The grain weight per spike was 1.68 g in the S2 treatment, which was not significantly different from those of the S1 and S3 treatments.The difference between treatments reached a significant level (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis showed that dripping chlormequat during the greening stage, rising stage and jointing stage can reduce the plant height of drip-irrigated wheat and improve its lodging resistance, but the dripping application at the rising stage has the best effect.

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Effects of drought stress on seed germination, seedling growth and physiological characteristics of barley JU Le, QI Juncang, CHEN Peiyu, NIU Yinting, YIN Zhigang 2023, 60(8): 1879-1886.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (644KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of drought stress on seed germination, seedling growth and physiological characteristics of barley in order to screen out the best concentration of PEG treatment solution, and provide theoretical basis for establishing drought resistance evaluation of barley seed germination.【Methods】 Germination tests were carried out on barley seeds by using PEG solutions of different molecular weights and different concentrations to simulate drought stress.The measurement indicators include germination potential, germination rate, root length, bud length, bud length, seedling dry weight, root dry weight, bud dry weight, SOD, CAT and POD activities, Malondialdehyde, proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar content.【Results】 (1)With the increase of PEG concentration, there was no significant difference in germination rate of barley seeds; The germination potential was significantly different only under 20% PEG treatment.(2) With the increase of PEG concentration, the growth of barley seedlings was significantly inhibited.(3)With the increase of PEG concentration, the contents of malondialdehyde, proline and soluble sugar as well as the activities of SOD and POD were significantly increased, while the changes of CAT activity and soluble protein content were not significant compared with the control.【Conclusion】 20% PEG 8,000 is the ideal concentration of drought resistance identification in barley seed germination stage.

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Research progress, problems and development prospect of foxtail millet industry in Xinjiang FENG Guojun, HU Xiangwei, ZHAO Yun, YU Ming, ZHANG Shugong, ZHOU Daoliang 2023, 60(8): 1887-1893.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (825KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim was to comprehensively evaluate the agronomic traits of foxtail millet germplasm resources and provide a scientific basis for the collection, evaluation, and utilization of foxtail millet resources in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Using statistical methods to summarize. 【Results】 Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the genetic diversity of agronomic traits of the tested resources. SSR molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity of foxtail millet germplasm resources in Xinjiang. the characteristics, genetic relationship, and genetic background of the genetic diversity of foxtail millet germplasm resources in Xinjiang were clarified at the molecular level. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that 124 foxtail millet germplasm resources were divided into 4 groups at a genetic similarity of 0.75. Based on the results of SSR cluster analysis and phenotypic traits, 12 excellent foxtail millet germplasms suitable for planting in different ecological regions of Xinjiang were screened and identified. At present,breeding methods was self-breeding and joint breeding.Conventional methods such as hybrid breeding and mutagenesis are mainly used, supplemented by molecular markers breeding. 【Conclusion】 The foxtail millet produced in Xinjiang is golden in color and sticky in taste. The content of main nutrients such as protein, starch, fat, and selenium exceeds that of many provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China. The cultivator, cutting and drying machine, and combine harvester used in the production of wheat, corn, and cotton in Xinjiang can be applied to foxtail millet field management and harvesting after modification and adjustment. Combined with the developed foxtail millet precision dibbler, the production of foxtail millet in Xinjiang can be fully mechanized from sowing to harvesting.

Horticultural Special Local Products · Agricultural Product Processing Engineering

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Effects of different light quality treatments on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes HAN Shouan, WANG Min, Maihemuti Turupu, XIE Hui, Aiermaike Caikasimu, LIU Jiale, ZHANG Wen, PAN Mingqi 2023, 60(8): 1894-1903.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1368KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of different light quality treatments on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and the content of phenolic substances in wine with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the production and management of high-quality wine grapes in the northern site of Tianshan Mountain.【Methods】 Taking the 8 a-grown "厂" tree-shaped Cabernet Sauvignon grape as the research object, from the fruit expansion stage to the maturing stage, 6 different colored (white, purple, blue, green, yellow, red) curtains were used for light quality control.During the fruit maturity period, the appearance indicators: cluster weight, cluster firmness, weight of single berry, number of berry, skin-to-fruit ratio, seed and berry weight, and physical and chemical quality indicators, such as: fruit soluble solids, titratable acid content, total phenols, total flavonoids, flavonoids, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, tannins and anthocyanins in peel, seed and wine were all measured and light response curve was measured by using Li-6400XT portable photosynthesis measuring system.【Results】 The apparent quantum efficiency, maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes decreased under 6 different light quality control conditions.Among them, under white and blue treatment, Cabernet Sauvignon grapes had the best photosynthetic ability; Different light quality treatments had great effects on the contents of phenolic compounds in pericarp, seed and wine body, under the white and red treatment, the skin-to-fruit ratio increased, but it had no significant effect on the soluble solids and total acid content of the berry; Under the different light quality control, the content of flavonoids, flavanols and procyanidins in peel increased, and so did the content of total phenols, total flavonoids, flavanols, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins in wine, but the light quality treatment with red curtain had a greater inhibitory effect on photosynthetic capacity.【Conclusion】 The white curtain can be used for light quality treatment from the fruit expansion stage to the maturity stage, which can maintain the grape’s maximum photosynthetic capacity and at the same time increases the phenolic content in the peel and wine.

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Effects of combined application of peptide fertilizer and magnesium on quality and yield of suntianni seedless grape XIAO Lele, LI Zhiqiang, YE Jun, PU Min, RUAN Xiangyang, LIU Huaijin 2023, 60(8): 1904-1912.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1012KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of foliar spraying of peptides on grapesgrowth, reasonably supplement nutrients and magnesium for grapes, study the effect of spraying peptides alone and combined with magnesium, and screen fertilization schemes that can improve grape quality and yield.【Methods】 Three fertilization treatments were carried out from fruit setting stage to expansion stage and polypeptide and amino acid were sprayed on the leaves and combined with magnesium respectively.The effects of different treatments on chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, nutrient content of new shoots, yield and quality indexes of grapes were analyzed.【Results】 After spraying 0.3% magnesium sulfate on the leaves, the content of chlorophyll in leaves increased significantly, and the content of soluble solid and soluble sugar in grape fruits increased.The application of polypeptide, polypeptide and magnesium could promote the increase of nitrogen content in new shoots and improve the quality of fruits.Compared with CK, the content of magnesium in grape shoot leaves increased by 19.01%, the net photosynthetic rate increased by 39.84%, and the yield increased by 17.93%.The effect of single application of amino acid on grape quality was better than that of mixed application of amino acid and magnesium.【Conclusion】 It can be concluded that the combined application of polypeptide and magnesium has the best effect on promoting grape photosynthesis, which improves grape fruit quality and yield.

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Effects of high temperature stress on photosynthetic characteristics of grape ZHU Xuehui, ZHANG Wen, MA Yunlong, HE Pengfei, HAN Shouan, WANG Min, TIAN Jia, XIE Hui 2023, 60(8): 1913-1921.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1392KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the differences of photosynthetic characteristics of two grape varieties through the analysis of the changes of grape photosynthetic characteristics under different ecological environments and explore the effects of ecological conditions on grape photosynthetic characteristics.【Methods】 In this project, experiments were carried out under two ecological environment conditions: Urumqi region (Anningqu Town, Urumqi) and Shanshan region (Shanshan County, Turpan).Two grape varieties Centennial Seedless and WuHebai were taken as the experimental objects, their photosynthetic indexes and fluorescence parameters were measured by Li-6400 and FMS-2, and the effects of temperature and light differences on the photosynthetic characteristics of the two grape varieties under different ecological environment conditions were analyzed.【Results】 The results showed that the maximum temperature duration and light time in Shanshan under the grape shelf were higher than those in Urumqi.The maximum temperature of high-temperature environment there was 43℃, the maximum temperature of suitable temperature environment was only 38℃, and the days when the daily maximum temperature exceeded 35℃ were 86 d and 20 d respectively.The PAR value in Shanshan region was higher than that in suitable temperature environment, and the highest value in Shanshan was 1,975.5 μmol/(m2·s).The diurnal variation curve of leaf net photosynthetic rate of the two grape varieties showed a bimodal trend.The overall trend was that the high-temperature environment was higher than the suitable temperature environment.At 10:00 a.m., the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of Centennial Seedless grape was 41.8 μmol/(m2·s) in the high-temperature environment, which was significantly higher than 39.4 μmol/(m2·s) in the suitable temperature environment.In terms of apparent quantum efficiency, dark respiration rate, the equivalence of ΦPSⅡ, qP and NPQ of the two varieties, they were higher in Shanshang, but the electron transfer rate in the Urumqi region was higher than that in Shanshan.【Conclusion】 The utilization ability of light energy of Centennial seedless under Shanshan region is better than that under suitable temperature environment, and the net photosynthetic rate under Shanshan region is higher than that under suitable temperature environment, which proves that the grape variety gradually adapts to Shanshan region; the utilization rate of light energy of Thompson seedless is better than that of Shanshan region under suitable temperature environment, and the adaptability of this variety to Shanshan region is poor.

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Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of VvGST1 from Munage tab.grapes WANG Man, ZHANG Zheng, Yilidana Dilixiati, WU Bin 2023, 60(8): 1922-1930.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2618KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clone and study the sequence characteristics of the glutathione-S-transferase, (GST) gene from the Vitis vinifera L.cv ‘Munage’ table grapes in the hope of laying a foundation for the disease resistance and function of this gene in grape fruit.【Methods】 Full-length VvGST1 gene cDNA was isolated from grape fruit according to the existed ESTs sequence,and 3' and 5' end of the RACE primers were designed by using RT-PCR and RACE.【Results】 A variety of bioinformatics analysis methods were used to predict and analyze the gene, and the results showed that the ORF (Open Reading Frame) length was 719 bp, which encoded a 221 amino acid polypeptide.The VvGST1 gene was forecasted and the relative molecular mass of encoding the protein was 25.55 kDa, the theoretical isoelectric point was 6.32, the atomic composition was C1178H1799N293O321S11.Its instability coefficient was 39.22, showing it was astable hydrophilic protein without signal peptide or transmembrane structure.It might exist in the cell matrix and was a typical matrix protein.Through analyzing the evolutionary tree, the amino acid sequence of VvGST1 was clustered with cotton, peach, prunus, cherry, plum, chestnut and other plants, among which it was closely related to cotton.【Conclusion】 The full-length coding region of VvGST1 gene in Vitis vinifera L.cv ‘Munage’ table grapes is successfully obtained,and the structural characteristics of the sequence are confirmed.

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Synergistic effect of water and fertilizer on grape in extreme arid area ZHANG Chao, BAI Yungang, ZHENG Ming, XIAO Jun, DING Ping 2023, 60(8): 1931-1939.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1050KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the synergistic mode of water and fertilizer in the hope of improving grape quality and efficiency under drip irrigation in extremely dry early area.【Methods】 Perennial seedless white grape was used as material, three conditions of low water and low fertilizer (low level), medium water fertilizer (medium level) and high water and high fertilizer (high level) were set in leaf-opening stage (vegetative growth stage).During the swelled period and mature period (reproductive stage), on the basis of the exhibition leaf stage, low water and low fertilizer (low level), medium water and medium fertilizer (middle level) and high water and high fertilizer (high level), a total of nine processing were set, with three repeat each processing to carry out the field synergy test to study their synergy effects on grape physical growth.【Results】 Under the coordination of water and fertilizer, the leaf area index showed an increasing trend with the increasing amount of water and fertilizer on the whole.Net photosynthetic rate, yield, hardness, soluble solids, reducing sugars and solid acid ratios are superior to those of other treatments in both vegetative and reproductive growth period, titratable acid and vitamin C content gradually increased with the increase of dosage of water and fertilizer.Appropriate water and fertilizer coordination could effectively promote the physiological growth of grapes.【Conclusion】 The total irrigation amount is 8,925 m3/hm2 and the total fertilizer amount is 240 kg/hm2.

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Effects of chlorine dioxide fumigation treatments on the storage of fresh walnuts WANG Ping, KONG Na, PAN Yan, SUN Xiping, XU Bin, ZHANG Ting 2023, 60(8): 1940-1949.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1524KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to carry out chlorine dioxide treatment experiments to regulate the effect of its low-temperature storage period in order to screen the appropriate treatment concentration.【Methods】 The main cultivar Wen 185 wet walnut in southern Xinjiang was taken as the test material, after fumigation with four concentrations of chlorine dioxide (ClO2), 0(CK), 50, 100, and 150 mg/L, they were placed under (0±1)℃, RH 75%~80% condition and the mold rate of its seed shell were regularly counted, and the quality of physical and chemical indicators related to its seed kernels determined to analyze the effects of different concentrations of ClO2 fumigation on its storage effect.【Results】 The results show that compared with the control CK, ClO2 fumigation could inhibit the occurrence of mold on the surface of walnut nuts significantly and reduce the browning index of their seed coat, maintain walnut freshness and good nucleolar organoleptic quality with low acid valence and chlorine dioxide residuals, among which, the 100 and 150 mg/L ClO2 treatments could delay the occurrence of wet-fresh walnut seed hull mold by 7 days, and the mildew rate was reduced by 10.67% and 7.33%, respectively compared with the control group.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis show that the 100 mg/L ClO2 treatment has the best effect.When stored for 49 days, the seed shell mold rate is 26.67%, the seed coat browned index was 18.89, and the rate of intact fruit was 86.67%.This result can provide theoretical reference and scientific basis for the application and promotion of practical technology for the storage, transportation and preservation of wet-fresh walnuts in production.

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Effects of storage temperatures on melon quality and the establishment of prediction models ZHENG Heyun, YAO Jun, LI Chao, ZHANG Cuihuan, GENG Xinli 2023, 60(8): 1950-1957.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1128KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different storage temperatures on storage characteristics of melon.Arrhenius equation can be used to predict the storage period and provide a theoretical basis for the monitoring of melon shelf life.【Methods】 The storage test at 4, 6, 8 and 10℃ was carried out with Huangmengcui melon as test material, the weight, soluble solid content, flesh hardness, ethylene content and respiratory intensity of melon fruit were determined, and the chilling injury rate and rot index were statistically analyzed.The Arrhenius equation was used to establish the dynamic model based on mass loss rate and hardness.After that, the shelf life prediction model was verified.【Results】 Proper storage temperature could significantly delay the quality of melon during shelf life.The study also combined the Arrhenius equation with chemical kinetic reaction to fit the shelf life prediction model of hardness,shelf life prediction model of weight loss with hardness and weight loss rate variables, and the quality changes conformed to the zero-order kinetic equation.The relative error of the storge- life prediction model of weight loss quality indicators was 8.775%, and the shelf model accuracy was relatively higher.【Conclusion】 The sensory quality of Huangmengcui melon is maintained well, and the good fruit rate is relatively high at 10℃, proving this storage temperature is more suitable.

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Volatile aroma components analysis of seabuckthorn vacuum freeze-dried fruit powder from different varieties based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometric LIAN Yali, MENG Xintao, YANG Yongxing, YANG Haiyan, ZHANG Ting, CHE Fengbin, MA Yan 2023, 60(8): 1958-1965.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1285KB) ( )   【Objective】 To research different species of seabuckthorn producing volatile aroma composition in the hope of providing the scientific basis for comprehensive utilization of seabuckthorn plant resources.【Methods】 Characteristic aroma of seabuckthorn fruit powder from different species was analyzed by GC-IMS(Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy, GC-IMS).【Results】 A total of 56 volatile substances were detected in seabuckthorn fruit powder from 6 varieties, which 38 kinds of qualitative material were characterized, mainly esters, alcohols, aldehydes, etc.The contribution rate of PC1 was 44%, PC2 was 26% and the cumulative contribution rate was 70%, which could better reflect the differences among seabuckthorn fruit powder from different varieties.【Conclusion】 There were differences in volatile substances of seabuckthorn fruit powder among 6 varieties, The volatile substances of yellow fruit seabuckthorn fruit powder and yellow bag fruit seabuckthorn fruit powder, champion yellow seabuckthorn fruit powder and red big fruit seabuckthorn fruit powder are similar by fingerprint and PCA analysis.

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Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on diurnal changes of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber in sandy culture MA Xinchao, XUAN Zhengying, MIN Haozhe, QI Zhiwen, CHENG Hongyu, TAN Zhanming, WANG Xufeng 2023, 60(8): 1966-1974.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1272KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effect of water-nitrogen coupling on the diurnal variation of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber.The results can provide a scientific theoretical basis for the production of Shapei cucumber.【Methods】 A field experiment of water-nitrogen coupling of sand-cultivated cucumber was carried out by using "Yosemite" fruit cucumber as the test material, and the double-saturated D-optimal design was used.The experiment consisted of 7 treatments and photosynthetic diurnal variation characteristic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content and RuBP carboxylase activity were determined in the fruit bearing period.【Results】 The daily changes of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of each treatment presented a single-peak curve, and the daily variation of instantaneous water use efficiency generally presented an "N"-shaped curve of "rising-falling-rising".Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application under suitable water supply could effectively improve the net photosynthetic rate of crops.Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed a downward parabolic trend with the increase of irrigation level and nitrogen application rate.Instantaneous water use efficiency increased with the increase of the water level, but too high irrigation level would reduce the instantaneous water use efficiency.Nitrogen application rate was a key factor affecting the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves.There was a positive correlation between nitrogen application rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as total chlorophyll content and PSⅡ activity.There was a parabolic trend with the opening downwards on the top; the relationship between the irrigation level and nitrogen application rate and the activity of RuBP carboxylase all showed a parabolic trend with the opening downwards.The photosynthetic characteristics of each treatment under water and nitrogen coupling was obtained as T4>T5>T6>T7>T3>T2>T1.【Conclusion】 T4 is the treatment with the best photosynthetic characteristics, The irrigation level is 86.10% and the nitrogen application rate is 893.49 kg/hm2 through the quadratic polynomial regression equation.

Plant Protection · Microbes

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Comparative analysis of plant volatiles from the Verticillium-Infected withered spot and etiolated leaves in cotton YANG Ni, Mayila Yusuyin, YANG Yanlong, LI Chunping, ZHANG Dawei, XU Haijiang, LAI Chengxia 2023, 60(8): 1975-1986.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1383KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the volatile substances of healthy leaves, Verticillium wilt and etiolated leaves in cotton and clarify the volatile components related to disease differences were defined in the hope of providing a new reference for the mechanism of the disease in cotton【Methods】 The cotton leaves stated above were employed as the raw material, and the volatile components of the samples were extracted and identified using solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The NIST17 spectrum library was searched for the detection results and matched against them. The components were analyzed and calculated by the area normalization method for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Moreover, a multivariate statistical analysis was also utilized to look for distinct substances in the disease symptoms in the leaves.【Results】 A total of 158 volatile components including 21 alcohols, 9 green leaf volatiles, 49 terpenes, 16 alkanes, 38 esters, 5 aromatics, 13 aldehydes, and other compounds was identified by SPME-GC-MS in healthy leaves, Verticillium-infected leaves with withered spot, and Verticillium-infected etiolated leaves, among which, 104 compounds were detected in healthy leaves, 112 in withered spot leaves and 54 in etiolated leaves. In terms of relative compound composition, terpene levels in the withering spot leaves were lower than those in etiolated leaves, although levels of other constituents were higher. Compared with healthy leaves, etiolated and blighted leaves contained 61 and 24 distinctive compounds, respectively, of which 6 common differential compounds were markedly elevated in diseased leaves, and the multiple changes in etiolated leaves were more than that in leaves with withering spots. There were 26 different compounds between withered spot leaves and etiolated leaves. Compared with etiolated leaves, the withered spot leaves had the following differential compounds: (Z) - 2-hexenyl butyrate, (Z) - 3-hexenyl acetate, (Z) - 3-hexenyl hexanoate, γ-Muurolene, and hexadecane, which were significantly up-regulated, whereas (Z) - 3-hexenyl-2-methyl butyrate showed marked down-regulation. 【Conclusion】 The quantity and composition of volatile chemicals in various leaves varied significantly. Terpenes and esters are primarily concentrated in the volatile quantity variance of sick leaves, while terpenes and green leaf volatiles are primarily concentrated in the volatile content variance. Verticillium wilt and cotton interact to produce these substances, which are essential for displaying various sick leaf phenotypes.

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Effect of citric acid soluble calcium magnesium fertilizer on calcium and magnesium absorption and quality of processing tomato PU Min, RUAN Xiangyang, XIAO Lele, SUO Changkai, CHEN Guoyong, YE Jun, GAO Bo 2023, 60(8): 1987-1995.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1120KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of citric acid soluble calcium and magnesium fertilizer on calcium and magnesium absorption and quality of processing tomato fruit, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of citric acid soluble calcium and magnesium fertilizer under calcareous soil conditions.【Methods】 With processing tomato as experimental material and no calcium and magnesium fertilizer as control (CK), three calcium and magnesium fertilizer dosage were set: 450 kg/hm2 (C450), 900 kg/hm2 (C900), 1,800 kg/hm2 (C1,800).After that, the content of calcium and magnesium, quality and the incidence of umbilical rot were determined, and the quality was evaluated comprehensively.【Results】 The application of citric acid soluble calcium and magnesium fertilizer could significantly promote the absorption of calcium and magnesium in fruits, increase the absorption rate and reduce the incidence of umbilical rot.Compared with the control, different ratios of citric acid soluble calcium and magnesium fertilizer could significantly increase the weight of single fruit, color index, pulp thickness, soluble sugar and VC content, and significantly reduce the content of nitrate.When the sugar acid ratio of fruits were under C1,800 treatment, pulp thickness and VC content reached the highest, which were 55.01%, 29.51% and 18.86% higher than those of CK, respectively, and the nitrate content was the lowest.The incidence of umbilical rot was 37.43%, 19.11% and 8.63% lower than those of CK, C450 and C900, respectively.【Conclusion】 The application of citric acid soluble calcium and magnesium fertilizer in calcareous soil can significantly promote the absorption of calcium and magnesium by fruits, thus reducing the incidence of umbilical rot and improving the quality of processing tomato.To sum up, the effect of applying 1,800 kg/hm2 is the best.

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Ecological stoichiometry of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland salinization in arid oasis WANG Yan, WU Xingbao, QIN Xinhui, ZHANG Yongjiu, YANG Li, ZHAO Halin 2023, 60(8): 1996-2005.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1172KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of the study is to reveal soil C, N and P stoichiometry of agricultural salinization ecosystem in arid oasis in northern China, which may be helpful for effective rehabilitation of salinized desertification.【Methods】 By using the method of replacing time with space, the soil stoichiometry (0~40 cm) in alfalfa and barley growing fields in different salinized stages, including the native (CK), lightly, moderately, heavily, severely salinized field was studied.【Results】 (1) In alfalfa grown field, soil organic C (SOC), total N concentrations (TN) increased firstly and then decreased with an increase in salinity, while total phosphorus concentration (TP) decreased.SOC, TN, and TP concentrations decreased in barley growing field.It was found that SOC, TN, and TP concentrations in two farmlands accumulated in the surface of soil layers among the five stages.(2) With an increase in salinity, C/N in alfalfa growing field presented a “V” change trend and the moderately salinized field C/N was the lowest, but C/P and N/P increased firstly and then decreased.The C/N increased in barley growing field, but C/P and N/P decreased.Analysis showed that C/N in the depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm was not significantly different in alfalfa growing field among different salinized stages.In the two farmlands, C/N, C/P and N/P was not significantly different among different soil depths in each salinized stage.(3) Analysis showed that TN, TP, C/P and N/P had significant positive correlation with SOC in two farmlands.A significant negative correlation was found between TN, and C/N (P<0.05), but C/P and N/P had very significant positive correlation with TN (P<0.01).And C/N had very significant negative correlation with N/P, but a very significant positive correlation was found between C/P and N/P (P<0.01).C/N, C/P, N/P had no significant correlation with TP in two farmlands.(4) Analysis showed that soil water content, soil ECP, fine particle content had significant correlation with the soil stoichiometry at alfalfa growing field (P<0.05).The soil stoichiometry had significant correlation with soil water content, soil ECP, soil bulk density and soil temperature at barley growing field.【Conclusion】 Soil SOC and TN are major factors which affect soil stoichiometry, but TP is not the factor.

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Prokaryotic expression of HcALDH7B4 gene enhanced salt tolerance and drought resistance MAO Xiaofei, HUANG Shiping, YIN Fangliu, ZENG Youling 2023, 60(8): 2006-2012.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1063KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the salt tolerance and drought resistance function of Halostachys caspica aldehyde dehydrogenase gene(HcALDH7B4) in prokaryotic cells in the hope of providing possible candidate genes for salt tolerance and drought resistance breeding.【Methods】 qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of HcALDH7B4 gene under high salt and drought stress.The colony size and growth activity of prokaryotic expression recombinant E.coli (PET-28A-HCALDH7B4) under salt and drought stress were used to analyze its salt and drought resistance.【Results】 The results of qRT-PCR showed that HcALDH7B4 was significantly induced in the assimilated branches under 600 mmol/L NaCl treatment and natural drought condition and compared with the control strain (PET-28A), the recombinant E.coli expressed by prokaryotic expression showed better growth activity under 500 mmol/L NaCl, 500 mmol/L KCl and 500 mmol/L and 800 mmol/L Mannitol stress.【Conclusion】 HcALDH7B4 is a stress response gene, and can improve the tolerance of recombinant strains to salt and drought stress.

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Effect of pendimethalin on the main growth and development and physiological indicators of Solanum nigrum L. WEI Yingfeng, ZHANG Quancheng, ZHA Hui, WANG Xiaoli, WANG Jungang 2023, 60(8): 2013-2021.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1197KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effect of spraying pendimethalin on the main growth and development and physiological indicators of Solanum nigrum L.【Methods】 Plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, fresh weight of above-ground parts, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of Solanum nigrum L.were measured at spraying different concentrations of pendimethalin (0, 300, 600, 900, 1,200,1,500 g.a.i/hm2) at different times (5, 10, 15, 20, 25,30 d) after spraying pesticides using the greenhouse pot method.【Results】 The growth and physiological indicators of Solanum nigrum L.showed an overall decreasing trend with increasing dosage of pendimethalin, and the most serious effect was observed when the concentration was 1,500 g.a.i/hm2.Among them, on the 30th day of treatment, the plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight of the above-ground part of the Solanum nigrum L.were the smallest, which were significantly different from that of the control, which were 2.02 cm, 0.32 cm2, and 0.47 g, respectively.The stem thickness was significantly thicker compared to the control at 15 d before treatment, and with the later growth of Solanum nigrum L.the control stem thickness was significantly higher than those of the treatments.Compared with the control, the soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll content reached the minimum 3.12, 0.06, and 0.62 mg/g at the 30th day, and decreased by 7.82, 0.05, 1.05 mg/g, respectively.【Conclusion】 Pendimethalin has a significant effect on the main growth and development and physiological indexes of Solanum nigrum L., and the overall physiological and biochemical indexes show a decreasing trend with increasing dosage of concentrations, and the most serious effect has been observed at high concentrations.

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Walnut forests intercropping saffron on Its soil microorganism's dynamic change in quantity study XU Jing, SHI Shubing, QIN Xiaogang, ZHU Jun 2023, 60(8): 2022-2027.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (791KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effect of intercropping saffron under walnut forest on the number of soil microorganisms through the dynamic determination of the number of soil microorganisms under the intercropping mode of walnut saffron,which can provide theoretical basis and practical reference for new walnut between saffron planting pattern.【Methods】 15-year old walnut intercropping saffron group (H15), with 15 years walnut singles (HCK) and saffron (CK) were selected as two controls to determine the number of fungi, bacteria and actinobacteria in the soil under different treatments, and analyze the dynamic changes of the soil by SPSS software.【Results】 (1) In the growing period of saffron, the change pattern of soil microbial number showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing, and in March, the number of microorganisms reached the peak.Compared with the control group, the number of microorganisms in the soil of walnut forest increased significantly.(2) The total H15 microorganism in March was 33.21×105 cfu/g, the 1.55-fold and 7.27-fold values of CK and HCK, respectively, The difference was significant; The number of fungal colonies in H15 increased by 61.2% compared with CK controls, at a 72.43% higher rate than the HCK control group, achieving significant differences; The number of bacteria in the intercropping mode was 33.05%, 36.66% and 86.39% improvement over CK and HCK, respectively, all have reaching significant differences; The colony number of H15 Actinobacteria was increased by 53.58% compared with HCK, The difference was significant (P<0.05), a 9.59% improvement over CK with no significant differences.Moreover, the number of CK actinobacteria increased by 48.65% compared with HCK, with significant differences.(3) The total amount of microorganisms in the soil of different growth years was consistent with the number of bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria colonies, namely: H15> CK> HCK;【Conclusion】 Walnut between saffron planting pattern is obviously better than walnut single and saffron planting pattern, and the number of microorganisms higher than walnut intercropping pattern, which shows that planting saffron can significantly increase the number of soil microorganisms, affect the transformation of soil fertility, so it can be concluded that walnut between saffron model is optimal.

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Structure and diversity analysis of insect community in jujube orchard of Hami Area in Xinjiang LI Kailiang, ZHANG Zhenyu, HU Hongying 2023, 60(8): 2028-2037.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1416KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the dynamics of pests and natural enemies by investigating the structural taxa and temporal changes of insects in jujube orchards in Hami Xinjiang in the hope of providing important help for the forecast and control of major pests, and basic data and scientific basis for integrated pest prevention and control.【Methods】 Insect specimens were obtained by net sweeping method and Malaise trap.The structure and diversity of insect communities in jujube orchards in Hami were statistically analyzed by using diversity indices.【Results】 A total of 23,898 insect samples were collected which belonged to 9 orders and 74 families.Hymenoptera (32.43%), Diptera (31.08%) and Hemiptera (12.16%) were the dominant taxa in the date garden insect community.The maximum number of insects in the jujube orchard was 3,484 in mid-August, and the insect community diversity index ranged from 1.8-3.01, and the richest degree in mid-August (55 families), the evenness index ranged from 0.53-0.77, and the dominant concentration index ranged from 0.08-0.30.The main pests in jujube orchard were Aphididae, Aleyrodidae, Thripidae and Cecidomyiidae, and the main natural enemies were Aphidiidae, Trichogrammatidae, Mymaridae, Scelionidae and Chrysopidae.【Conclusion】 The insect community diversity index, evenness index and richness index of jujube orchard in Hami Xinjiang are quite high, which shows a consistent trend, indicating that the insect community there has high stability.

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Soil water-salt response characteristics and ecological strategies for functional traits of desert herbaceous plants LI Zhiqiang, CHEN Yudong, LYU Guanghui, WANG Jinlong, JIANG Lamei, WANG Hengfang, LI Hanpeng, ZHANG Lei 2023, 60(8): 2038-2045.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1167KB) ( )   【Objective】 It is of great significance to explore the relationship between plant functional traits and their changes with soil water and salt gradient for understanding plant ecological strategies in arid desert areas.【Methods】 A total of 120 herb community samples were investigated and 8 plant functional traits were selected to calculate the community weighted mean (CWM).Meanwhile, K-means clustering method was used to cluster soil water and salt content into 3 gradients.After that, the effects of soil water and salt on plant functional traits and plant ecological strategies were analyzed by using multiple factor analysis (MFA), one-way ANOVA, grey correlation analysis and CSR ecological strategies.【Results】 (1) Combined with the three gradient changes, plant height (H) and crown width (S) showed hydrophilicity with the increase of soil salinity.(2) Soil moisture had the strongest effect on plant functional traits in a single community at low water and low salt gradient, while soil salt had the strongest effect on plant functional traits at high water and high salt gradient.(3) Desert herbaceous plants tended to C/CR in high water and salt gradient and medium water salt gradient, while those in low water and salt gradient tended to CSR strategy.(4) Plant S and leaf area (LA) demonstrated the greatest difference between ecological strategy and soil community gradient.【Conclusion】 (1) Plant crown area and plant height are highly sensitive to soil water, and the increase of soil salt content would make herbaceous plants more dependent on soil water.(2) The effect of desert soil on plants does not change with the synergistic change of soil water and salt.The high water and salt communities were dominated by salt stress, while the low water and salt communities were dominated by drought stress, and the drought stress had a stronger effect on plant growth and development.(3) Under the influence of environment, herbaceous plants in Ebi Lake desert mainly form three ecological strategies, namely C/CR, C/CSR and CSR, and are affected by drought stress.Among the changes of soil water-salt gradient, S and LA has the strongest response to these three ecological strategies.

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Effects of radiation on metabolic activities of Aureobasidium melanogenum based on biolog FF system ZHU Jing, ZHANG Zhidong, TANG Qiyong, GU Meiying 2023, 60(8): 2046-2054.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1288KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to analyze the effects of radiation on the metabolic activity of Aureobasidium melanogenum, this project aims to explore the mechanism of fungal radiation tolerance.【Methods】 The experiment used 60Co γ radiation, and set four radiation doses of 0, 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 Gy.Biolog FF technology was used to detect the use of carbon source in FF microplate by A.melanogenum under different radiation doses, and analyze the impact on carbon metabolic activity of A.melanogenumby radiation.【Results】 There were significant differences in AWCD values under different radiation doses.With the increase of radiation dose, the metabolic activity of cells decreased significantly.The utilization of carboxylic acids and amino acids showed a downward trend, while the utilization rates of carbohydrates an upward trend.At the same time, as the radiation dose increased, the utilization of carbon source changed.Among the 95 carbon sources in the Biolog FF microplates, a total of 46 carbon sources were used, and 7 carbon sources increased in average utilization rate with the increase of radiation dose.Among them, the utilization rate of D-ribose, sucrose, D-arabinose and L-arabinose was the most obvious.【Conclusion】 Radiation can obviously reduce the metabolic activity of A.melanogenum, and the utilization of carbon source will change significantly under high doses of radiation, which may be an effective mechanism for its adaptation to radiation.

Prataculture· Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

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Study on desert community composition, interspecific association and correlation in northern Xinjiang FEI Cheng, DONG Yiqiang, AN Shazhou 2023, 60(8): 2055-2065.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2245KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to clarify the characteristics of the interspecific association of the desert plants in northern Xinjiang and the role of interspecific association in community succession in the hope of providing theoretical support for vegetation restoration and ecosystem reconstruction in the desert of northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 An association matrix model of binary data was constructed and used to compute the variance model to obtain the overall association between the desert species in northern Xinjiang, and the significance of their associations with each other was analyzed using χ2 tests. The Ochiai index, Dice index, and Jaccard index were used in the calculation of indices to reduce errors and precisely reflect the interspecific association and species diversity in desert communities. 【Results】 The overall association between the species in the desert of northern Xinjiang, including 66 species in the herb layer and 22 species in the shrub layer, had a VR > 1, indicating that there was a positive association between the species. In the herb layer, a total of 2,145 species pairs had positive or negative associations. The proportion of positive associations was 21.63%. χ2 tests showed that 66.8% of the pairs had non-significant associations, so the herb layer was dominated by non-significant association pairs. In the shrub layer, a total of 231 species pairs had positive or negative associations, of which 60 pairs had positive associations, accounting for 26% of the pairs. χ2 tests indicated that 70.13% of the pairs had non-significant associations, so the shrub layer was also dominated by pairs with non-significant associations.【Conclusion】 The desert species in the community in northern Xinjiang have a relatively independent distribution, as indicated by the non-significant positive associations. This distribution is one of the mechanisms facilitating the co-existence of species. In the northern Xinjiang community, the herb layer, the shrub layer, and the two layers together all showed non-significant positive interspecific associations. In this region, the assembly of species and community structure are relatively stable and ideal.

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Effects of Total Flavonoids of Wild Apricot on LPS-induced Chicken Hepatitis SHU Jiamin, GUO Yuanyin, WEI Dingyi, LIU Haoran, Yisimayili , HUANG Lei, HE Zihan, YAO Gang, DAI Xiaohua 2023, 60(8): 2066-2073.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1472KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of total flavone of wild apricot on lPS-induced chicken hepatitis.【Methods】 Acute liver injury (ALI) model was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS at 5 mg/kg in chickens and normal saline was used as blank control group, indomethacin as positive control group, and low (50 mg/kg), medium (100 mg/kg) and high (200 mg/kg) dose groups of total flavonoids of wild apricot were taken orally as experimental groups to analyze the effect of total flavonoids of wild apricot on chicken hepatitis.【Results】 Total flavonoids of apricot in each dose group could reduce the temperature rise caused by LPS to different degrees and relieve weight loss caused by inflammation; The increase of inflammatory cells induced by LPS was significantly or extremely significantly reversed (P<0.05, P<0.01).The decrease of WBC was dose-dependent in each dose group, but not in lymphocyte, granulocyte and intermediate cells.The levels of ALT and AST in all dosage groups were inhibited.At the same time, the liver histopathological injury induced by LPS could be significantly improved in the medium and high dose group.【Conclusion】 Total flavonoids of wild apricot in all dose groups can restore the increase of body temperature caused by inflammation and promote the weight of chickens, thus reducing the number of inflammatory cells, inhibiting the increase of ALT and AST and improving the pathological damage of chicken hepatitis caused by LPS, so conclusion can be reached that the total flavonoids of wild apricot can have a certain anti hepatitis effect, and be of a certain practical significance for the actual health of domestic poultry breeding.

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Effect of pomegranate peel flesh extract on body weight gain and plasma Immunity-related indexes in adult mice LIU Jiajia, HAN Tao 2023, 60(8): 2074-2080.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.030 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (790KB) ( )   【Objective】 This experiment aims to investigate the effects of pomegranate peel flesh extract on body weight, plasma antioxidant and pro-inflammatory factor levels in mice in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for further research on the biological effects of pomegranate peel flesh extract.【Methods】 Thirty adult male mice with an average body weight of (37.31±5.57) g were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group and the test group, with 5 replicates of 3 mice in each group, for a total of 15 mice.Mice in the test group were fed 1.5 g/(d-animal) of crude extract of pomegranate peel flesh [i.e., ellagic acid at 40.74 mg/(d-animal)] under the same basal diet, and mice in the control group were fed the corresponding quantity of sterile distilled water for 21 days.At the end of the experiment, mice were weighed on an empty stomach before morning feeding, and blood was collected from the mice with their tails severed.【Results】 The results showed that (1) the end weight, total weight gain and mean daily weight gain of mice in the test group were significantly increased by 8.21% (P<0.05), 47.56% (P<0.05) and 48.39% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with the control group; (2) the plasma levels of SOD, CAT, and T-AOC in mice in the test group were significantly increased by 24.44% (P< 0.05), 54.82% (P<0.05), and 27.69% (P<0.05), respectively, and the ability to inhibit hydroxyl radicals and anti-superoxide anion activity were highly significantly increased by 36.01% (P<0.01) and 43.21% (P<0.01), respectively, compared with the control group, which significantly reduced the concentration of MAD in the plasma of mice in the test group (P<0.05); (3) the plasma levels of TNF mice plasma TNF-α and IL-17 were significantly reduced by 17.16% (P<0.05) and 30.34% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with the control group.【Conclusion】 In conclusion, under the present experimental conditions, the administration of pomegranate peel flesh extract to mice significantly increases their body weight and improves their antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory ability.