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20 August 2024, Volume 61 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Genetics · Cultivation Physiology · Physiology and Biochemistry
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Crop Genetics and Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Genetics · Cultivation Physiology · Physiology and Biochemistry

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Effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on growth, development, yield and quality of Gossypium barbadense L. ZHANG Chengjie, HU Haoran, DUAN Songjiang, WU Yifan, ZHANG Jusong 2024, 61(8): 1821-1830.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1279KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this study is to study the regulatory effects of different nitrogen fertilizations and densities on the growth and development of cotton in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for rational dense planting and optimal nitrogen application of s Gossypium barbadense L. in the future. 【Methods】 Under the natural ecological conditions in southern Xinjiang, the effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on the growth, development, yield and quality of sea-island cotton were studied by using Xin 78 as the material and a two-factor experimental design, with two planting densities in the main area and four nitrogen application levels in the secondary area. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit branches and the number of main stem leaves were positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, but negatively correlated with planting density. The SPAD value of leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and density during the whole growth period. The dynamic curves of dry matter accumulation of Gossypium barbadense L. under different treatments were in line with the logistic model, and the dry matter accumulation of D24N2 was the largest, reaching 22,462 kg/hm2, but the dry matter accumulation and distribution of D20N0 in the reproductive organs accounted for the largest proportion, reaching 72%. The number of boll per plant and the weight of each boll were positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, and negatively correlated with planting density, but the number of plants harvested per unit area was positively correlated with planting density, and the lint yield and seed cotton yield of D24N2 combination were the highest, which increased by 2,251.65 kg/hm2 and 774.77 kg/hm2, respectively compared with the lowest D24N0 combination. Planting density and nitrogen fertilization rate had no significant effect on the fiber quality of sea-island cotton. 【Conclusion】 Under the planting mode of machine picking cotton in southern Xinjiang, when the planting density is 240,000 plants/hm2 and the nitrogen application rate is 320 kg/hm2, the growth indexes of sea-island cotton performed well, and the lint yield is the highest, reaching 2,122.62 kg/hm2.

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Effects of different types of salt and alkali stress on cotton seed germination DONG Zhiduo, XU Fei, FU Qiuping, HUANG Jian, QI Tong, MENG Ajing, FU Yanbo, Kaisaier Kuerban 2024, 61(8): 1831-1844.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2106KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the influence and threshold of different types of saline-alkali stress on the germination of cotton seeds. 【Methods】 Four types of saline-alkali stress and seven concentration levels were simulated by Petri dish method. Cotton seeds of Xinluzhong 84, Tahe 2, Xinluzhong 40 and Jiumian 18 were used as research objects. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, seed vigor index, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings after germination were analyzed, salt tolerance threshold and membership function values were calculated, and comprehensive evaluation was carried out. 【Results】 (1) The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vitality index, fresh weight and dry weight of cotton seed after germination showed a significant downward trend under the four types of saline-alkali stress. There was a significant negative correlation between saline-alkali concentration and all indexes, and the correlation between saline-alkali concentration and germination rate was more than -0.90. (2) The salt tolerance thresholds of cotton at germination stage were different under the four types of saline-alkali stress conditions. The salt tolerance thresholds under S1 stress ranged from 90.70 to 121.73 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S2 stress ranged from 82.68 to 128.30 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S3 stress ranged from 51.97 to 84.62 mmol/L. The salt tolerance threshold under S4 stress ranged from 73.49 to 98.21 mmol/L. (3) The salt tolerance of cotton seeds under four kinds of saline-alkali stress was analyzed by membership function and its order was Xinluzhong 84 > Xinluzhong 40 > Tahe 2 > Jiumian 18 under S1 stress, Xinluzhong 84 > Tahe 2 > Xinluzhong 40 > Jiumian 18 under S2 stress, and Tahe 2 > Xinluzhong 40 > Xinluzhong 84 > Jiumian 18 under S3 stress. It was found that the order of salt tolerance of cotton seeds under S4 stress was consistent with that under S2 stress. 【Conclusion】 The germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of cotton seeds are decreased under the four types of saline-alkali stress, and the fresh and dry weight of seedlings shows a downward trend with the increase of the concentration. The effect of alkaline salt on the germination of cotton seed is obviously greater than that of neutral salt.

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Effects of organic and inorganic combined application on yield, soil nutrients and enzyme activities of winter wheat HOU Lili, WANG Wei, CUI Xinju, ZHOU Dawei 2024, 61(8): 1845-1852.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1062KB) ( )   【Objective】 To further investigate the effects of organic inorganic combination application on winter wheat growth and soil quality. 【Methods】 A randomized block design of experiments was used to set six treatments: no fertilization, farmers' conventional fertilization, manure rplacing 25%(CF+M25) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 50%(CF+M50) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 75%(CF+M75) chemical fertilizer, and single application of manure. 0-20 cm of arable soil was collected at the turning green, jointing, flowering, and filling stages, and the internal relationship between soil enzyme activity and wheat yield, soil nutrients under the condition of organic and inorganic fertilizer application at each growth stage was discussed. 【Results】 Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment for farmers, 25% and 50% manure treatment increased the number of ears and grains per ear per unit area; The yield of winter wheat under M treatment was 16.2%, 15.9% and 16.8% lower than those under 25%(CF+M25), 50%(CF+M50) and 75%(CF+M75) manure replacement treatments, respectively; The total nitrogen content of CF+M25 and CF+M50 treatments showed a continuous increasing trend, reaching its maximum value during the mature period. The highest available potassium content was observed in the M treatment at each growth stage, which showed a significant difference compared to other treatments. It reached its maximum value of 297.5 mg/kg during the jointing stage, significantly increasing by 50.5% compared to the CF treatment; Soil enzyme activity was highly significantly correlated with available phosphorus content, but not significantly correlated with available potassium. 【Conclusion】 Soil nutrients, enzyme activities and winter wheat yield are closely related. The combination of manure with 30% can achieve the theoretical maximum yield.

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Effects of microbial inoculants on growth and yield of winter wheat CHEN Fang, LI Zihui, WANG Bingyue, SUN Xiaogui, ZHANG Tingjun 2024, 61(8): 1853-1860.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (847KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of microbial agent Junlintianxia on the wheat growth and yield and provide reference for the application of microbial agent in Xinjiang winter wheat. 【Methods】 Under the condition of field drip irrigation, wheat varieties Xindong 22, Xindong 52, Xindong 53 and Shidong 0358 were used to analyze the effects of no microbial agent Junlintianxia and microbial agent Junlintianxia on the growth and yield of winter wheat. 【Results】 The rate of emergence of wheat was slightly higher than that of the control or the same as that, the time of heading to maturity was slightly higher or the same, and the growth period was almost the same. The average plant height, tiller number and stem diameter increased 0.5 cm, 0.4 and 1.1 mm, respectively. The control effect of root rot was the best in No. 103 group (25.5%). The average weight per spike increased by 0.1g, the average number of grains per spike increased by 2.3 grains, the average yield per mu increased by 38.7 kg/667m2, and the yield per unit yield of the experiment field increased by 6%, higher than that of the control field. The average net increase was 111.4 yuan/667m2 compared with the control field. 【Conclusion】 The application of microbial agent (or Junlintianxia) has no obvious effect on the growth period of wheat, but has seedling preservation effect on winter wheat, which promotes wheat growth and development, has control effect on winter wheat diseases, and increasing effect on winter wheat yield.

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Study on physiological indexes and yield analysis of spring wheat in pots based on apriori algorithm YUAN Yingying, ZHAO Jinghua, Dilimulati Simayi, YANG Tingrui 2024, 61(8): 1861-1871.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1408KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide a theoretical basis for wheat planting in northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Five factors (soil texture, irrigation mode, irrigation quota, irrigation frequency and soil mulch film residue) were selected, and four levels were set for each factor, and the difference of spring wheat plant height, chlorophyll value, effective ear number, ear grain number, yield, water use efficiency and soil moisture content under different experimental factors were explored. Meanwhile, the apriori algorithm was used to explore the association rules between physiological indicators. 【Results】 The change trend of wheat plant height under different treatments during the whole growth period was basically the same, and the factor that had a greater influence on wheat plant height was the irrigation system. The chlorophyll value of wheat showed a unimodal trend during the whole growth period, and appropriate improvement of soil fertility could increase yield. There was a significant correlation between soil moisture content and soil texture and irrigation volume. Moderately increasing irrigation during the filling period could increase the photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves and achieve the effect of increasing yield. The frequency of irrigation and the irrigation method had a significant impact on the yield and yield composition factors of wheat, and the yield increase effect of infiltration irrigation was outstanding. The highest water consumption, maximum number of ear grains, maximum effective ear number and maximum plant height were strongly correlated. The highest water consumption was strongly correlated with the lowest dry matter weight and the lowest SPAD value. The highest plant height was strongly correlated with the lowest SPAD value. 【Conclusion】 The soil texture is clay loam, the irrigation method is seepage irrigation with 700 kg/hm2, and the highest yield of spring wheat is achieved when the residual amount of mulch is 0, which is able to reach 71.56 g/pot. The irrigation quota of 700 kg/hm2 is strongly correlated with the highest water consumption, maximum plant height, minimum SPAD value, maximum effective panicle number, maximum ear grain number. Excessive irrigation and consumption will lead to high plant height, and low SPAD value.

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Impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment YUAN Yilin, YAN An, ZUO Xiaoxiao, HOU Zhengqing, ZHANG Zhenfei, XIAO Shuting, SUN Zhe, MA Mengqian, ZHAO Yuhang 2024, 61(8): 1872-1882.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1603KB) ( )   【Objective】 Study on impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment.【Methods】 A field enrichment experiment was conducted at Shihuzi Village Farm in Wugongtai Town, Hutubi County, Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang to study the effects of organic fertilizer on soil organic matter and nutrient levels. Six treatments were employed: a control without fertilizer application (CK), a conventional fertilizer application (CF), two levels of nitrogen reduction (T1D1, T1D2, reduced by 15% and 30%, respectively), and two bio-organic fertilizer application rates (T2D1, T2D2, at 1,125 kg/hm2 and 2,250 kg/hm2). Each treatment was replicated four times. 【Results】 In comparison to CF, treatments combining reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited improved leaf area index (LAI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values for spring wheat. The theoretical yield of spring wheat increased by 9.03% to 28.84%. The nitrogen reduction treatments lowered soil pH and electrical conductivity in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, while augmenting soil organic matter. With the same nitrogen reduction, the treatment with 2,250 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer displayed higher soil nutrient content compared with the treatment with 1,125 kg/hm2. When applying the same quantity of bio-organic fertilizer, the 15% nitrogen reduction treatment had greater soil nutrient content than the 30% reduction treatment. In contrast to CK and CF treatments, the treatments integrating reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited increased populations of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, whereas soil fungal populations diminished. 【Conclusion】 A 15% reduction in nitrogen fertilization coupled with bio-organic fertilizer application emerges as an effective fertilization strategy, which encourages prudent utilization of fertilizer resources, enhances soil conditions, promots spring wheat growth in saline-alkali lands, reduces soil pH and electrical conductivity, boosts soil nutrient levels, and optimizes soil microbiota composition.

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Comparative on the vigor differences of spring wheat seeds of different sizes LIU Xuhuan, YU Shan, LIU Yue, SHI Shubing 2024, 61(8): 1883-1887.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (686KB) ( )   【Objective】 Study on the differences in seed vitality between different grain sizes of spring wheat varieties and grainsizes.【Methods】 The purpose of the study is to determine the differ by using 3 kinds of calculation methods on varieties and sizes spring wheat. 【Results】 The results showed that when using different calculation methods for the calculation of different varieties of seed vigor, the results were very significantly different; The ranking of seed vigor size was also inconsistent between different varieties; In addition, when the calculation methods were used to calculate the seed vigor, differences were shown between large seeds and small ones in different varieties. Therefore, the comparison of seed vigor of different spring wheat varieties should not be only based on the calculation method of seed vigor index, but also according to the comprehensive agronomic characters and physiological and biochemical characteristics to make the judgment. 【Conclusion】 Spring wheat seeds of the same variety which have large size and high 1000 grain weight show high vigor. There is no obvious relationship between the seed size and 1000 seed weight of different varieties and the seed vigor, so the seed vigor cannot be determined by a single index. The same varieties, large size or high grain spring wheat seeds, its energy is higher, different varieties, the size of the volume and level of high and low and seed vigor and has no obvious relation, so we can't just rely on a single index to determining the seed vigor

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Genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits of 276 Central Asian barley germplasm resources MIAO Yu, CHEN Cuixia, MA Yanming, XING Guofang, DONG Yusheng, CHEN Zhijun, WANG Xian, XIANG Li 2024, 61(8): 1888-1895.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (928KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the genetic diversity of barley germplasm resources, improve the utilization efficiency of barley germplasm resources, and provide reference for the breeding and improvement of barley varieties in Xinjiang.【Methods】 276 barley germplasm resources from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan were used as materials in this study. The genetic diversity of 12 main agronomic traits (growth habit, tillering ability, spike density, awniness, lateral spikelet, spike hairs, edge type, plant height, spike length, spike number per plant, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight) and 4 quality traits (water, crude protein, crude fiber and crude starch) were analyzed and evaluated. Five quantitative characters and four quality characters, including plant height, spike length, spike number per plant, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight, were analyzed by cluster analysis. 【Results】 The variation range of genetic diversity index of 7 quality traits was 0.39-0.79, and the highest variation range of genetic diversity index was seedling growth habit. The genetic diversity index of the five quantitative traits ranged from 1.57 to 2.03, the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.75% to 4.26%, and the variation range was quiet small. 【Conclusion】 276 Central Asian barley germplasm resources are divided into 4 groups based on quantitative and quality traits cluster analysis. After comprehensive evaluation, two excellent barley variety resources are obtained, which are as follows: 2013-7-DM073 and 2013-7-DM-105, respectively.

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Effects of straw returning and plastic film mulching on soil physical and chemical properties and spring maize yield in rain-fed upland farmland NIU Tingting, MA Mingsheng, ZHANG Jungao 2024, 61(8): 1896-1906.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1676KB) ( )   【Objective】 Study the effects of different straw returning methods and plastic film mulching on soil water and nutrient contents, yield and water use efficiency of spring maize (Zea mays L.) in arid areas in order to find out the effects of different straw returning methods on fertility and yield, and to seek a green and efficient way of straw utilization in the hope of providing scientific and technological support for high-quality agricultural development in arid areas of Northwest China. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Huining County, Gansu Province from 2019 to 2020, six treatments were set up, namely straw returning to the field without plastic film (CK), straw comminution returning to the field (SS), straw fermenting returning to the field (FS), straw returning to the field without plastic film mulching (Mk), straw comminution returning to the field + plastic film mulching (MS), and straw fermenting returning to the field + plastic film mulching (MFS), soil water content, water storage and water consumption, soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, crop water use efficiency, dry matter accumulation and yield were measured. 【Results】 Under the two treatments of plastic film mulching, the water storage and water use efficiency of plough layer increased by 7.33%-16.29% and 10.73%-19.25%, respectively, the water storage and water use efficiency of plough layer increased by 6.39% and 7.38% compared with that of straw comminution. Plastic film mulching could further increase soil water storage and water use efficiency by 10.62%-16.29% and 13.88%-18.87%, respectively, and increase soil nutrient content, the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 0.70%-8.03%, 1.63%-8.01%, 7.75%-13.86%, 9.19%-40.48% and 4.06%-10.62%, respectively. Compared with straw returning or film mulching, the dry matter quality and yield increased by 3.10%-15.35%, 11.02%-17.08%, 1.84%-12.81%, 8.94%-14.83%, respectively, the average was 12.04% and 10.08%. 【Conclusion】 Straw returning and plastic film mulching can improve soil water supply and fertilizer supply by regulating soil moisture and nutrients, and then promote the synchronous increase of crop dry matter accumulation and yield. The effect of MFS is better than that of MS, which was beneficial to the multiple objectives of drought resistance, fertilizer increase, efficiency increase and high yield of spring maize.

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Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on rice yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity under dry farming conditions ZHAO Minhua, SONG Bingxi, ZHANG Yupeng, GAO Zhihong, ZHU Yongyong, CHEN Xiaoyuan 2024, 61(8): 1907-1915.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1051KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of reducing nitrogen application on nutrient content and nitrogen partial factor productivity of rice under dry farming conditions. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted with Meixiangnian as the material. Five treatments were set up: conventional flooding nitrogen application (216 kg/hm2, CK), dry farming nitrogen application (216 kg/hm2, H0), dry farming nitrogen reduction 10 % (194.4 kg/hm2, H10), dry farming nitrogen reduction 20 % (172.8 kg/hm2, H20), dry farming nitrogen reduction 40 % (129.6 kg/hm2, H40). The effects of different water conditions and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on soil basic nutrients, rice biomass, nitrogen content, yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy field were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that compared with the traditional flooding cultivation, rice dry farming significantly increased soil organic matter content, significantly reduced soil pH value and available phosphorus content, and other nutrient contents did not change significantly. Dry farming reduced the biomass of rice roots, stems, leaves, panicles, total nitrogen content and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer. There was no significant change in the number of plants per unit area, 1000-grain weight and yield of rice under dry farming. Under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer in dry farming, the change of soil nutrient status was different, and the change was slighter than that of dry farming and traditional flooding cultivation. The biomass and nitrogen content of roots, stems, leaves and panicles of rice decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer reduction, and the biomass and nitrogen content of panicles increased significantly under H40 treatment compared with H0 treatment. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer reduction, and reached the highest at H40. Compared with H0, the yield of H10 and H20 did not decrease significantly, and the decrease of H40 was greater than those of H10 and H20, but the yield was not significantly different from that of H0. 【Conclusion】 Reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 40 % under dry farming conditions can significantly increase fertilizer productivity while reducing yield.

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Correlation analysis of sugar accumulation and temperature in sugar beet under drip irrigation HU Huabing, SUN Linlin, LIU Jianxiong, HE Biwei, LIU Xun, HUAN Tin, LI Youfang 2024, 61(8): 1916-1925.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1414KB) ( )   【Objective】 To connect the dots between sugar accumulation and temperature in drip irrigation sugar beet is of great significance for selecting planting areas by predicting sugar content of the year and determining harvest time. 【Methods】 To investigate the dynamic changes of sugar accumulation in 2020 and 2021, analyze the correlation between sugar accumulation and various temperature indicators and explore the correlation between sugar content at harvest of sugar beet in 2018-2022 and various temperature indicators in the key period of rapid sugar accumulation from mid-September to late September, the main sugar beet variety KWS9147 in Xinjiang was used as the test material. 【Results】 The correlation degree between temperature indexes and sugar accumulation was low in July and August. The average temperature, average low temperature, average high temperature, maximum low temperature, stage minimum temperature, accumulated temperature above 10℃and accumulated temperature above 0℃were all negatively correlated with sugar accumulation from September to early October, while the diurnal range, average diurnal range and maximum diurnal range were negatively correlated with sugar accumulation, but not significantly. From mid-September to late September, the average low temperature and maximum low temperature were significantly negatively correlated with sugar content during harvest, the average temperature, average high temperature and stage maximum high temperature were negatively correlated with sugar content, while the average diurnal range and maximum diurnal range were negatively correlated with sugar content. The correlation between accumulated temperature above 10℃and accumulated temperature above 0℃and sugar content was the same as that of average temperature. 【Conclusion】 Among the indexes of temperature, low temperature has more important influence on sugar accumulation and sugar content of beet during harvest.

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Effects of potassium nutrition on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut LI Suocheng, LIU Yantao, DONG Hongye, SUN Zhenbo, LI Ziwei, ZHANG Chunyuan, WANG Kaiyong, LI Qiang, YANG Mingfeng 2024, 61(8): 1926-1936.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2251KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different potassium application rates on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut under drip irrigation in the hope of providing a basis for peanut planting in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 were used as experimental materials, and four potassium application treatments were set: 0 kg/hm2 (K0), 150 kg/hm2 (K1), 225 kg/hm2 (K2) and 300 kg/hm2 (K3). The effects of different potassium application rates on photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of peanut were compared, and the effects of different potassium application rates on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut under drip irrigation were explored. 【Results】 The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 were significantly increased under K2 application, and the intercellular CO2 concentration was decreased. Compared with K0, they were increased by 9.67%, 60.49% and 13.53%, 14.25%, 55.97% and 15.14%, respectively. The chlorophyll content in leaves reached the peak of 2.92 mg/g and 3.01 mg/g on the 80th days after emergence, respectively. During the whole growth period, ETR, PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and PSⅡ potential photochemical activity (Fv/Fo) of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 reached the maximum values of 98.34,0.84 and 4.24,98.57,0.85 and 4.32 at 80 d K2, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of K0. The number of pods per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight and kernel rate of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 were higher than those without potassium fertilizer. The yield difference of different potassium treatments was K2>K3>K1>K0. In the experiment, the highest yield of Huayu 9,610 and Heihua 5 was 9,428.71 kg/hm2 and 9,968.35 kg/hm2, respectively, which was 33.66 % and 35.26% higher than those without fertilizer. 【Conclusion】 The chlorophyll a/b, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, electron transport rate (ETR), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) and potential photochemical activity of PSⅡ (Fv/Fo) of functional leaves of Yuhuayu 9610 and Heihua 5 on the 80 th days after emergence reach the maximum under K2 application rate. The yields of different potassium treatments are T2K2>T1K2>T2K3>T1K3>T2K1> T1K1>T2K0>T1K0. The yield of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 reach the highest under K2 treatment, reaching 9,428 kg/hm2 and 9,968 kg/hm2, respectively. The yield of Heihua 5 is higher than that of Huayu 9610, indicating that the increase of potassium fertilizer in Xinjiang has obvious effect on peanut yield.

Horticultural Special Local Products · Agricultural Product Processing Engineering · Forestry

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Regulation of postharvest fruit reactive oxygen metabolism by preharvest spraying of calcium chloride on prunes TIAN Quanming, QI Huamei, YAN Beibei, WEI Jia, ZHANG Zheng, WANG Man, XIN Shijun, YUAN Yuyao, WU Bin 2024, 61(8): 1937-1946.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1558KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the inhibitory effect of pre-harvest spraying of CaCl2 (Calcium chloride) on post-harvest senescence of prune fruits.【Methods】 French prunes from Gashi County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, as the test material for the study. The relationship between fruit senescence and active metabolism was analyzed by measuring the activities of enzymes related to active oxygen metabolism using 2% CaCl2 sprayed at the expansion, colour change and harvesting stages of the fruit. 【Results】 The results showed that the pre-harvest CaCl2 treatment delayed the decrease of post-harvest fruit weight loss, total phenols and flavonoids, and inhibited the increase of malondialdehyde and accelerated the scavenging of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in the post-harvest fruits of prunes. Pre-harvest CaCl2 treatment significantly increased the activity of Peroxidase (POD), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Glutathione Reductase (GR), thereby delaying the decline in post-harvest fruit weight loss. After 21 days storage,the weight loss rate of fruits treated with CaCl2 increased by 67.05%.The acitivies of POD、SOD、CAT、APX、GR increased by 30.21%、15.87%、57.46% and 50.49% respectively.【Conclusion】 Therefore, CaCl2 pre-harvest treatment reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, mitigates oxidative damage in prune fruit, maintains the integrity of cell membranes thus delaying the ageing of prune fruit.

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Effects of different precooling methods combined with H2O2 fumigation on the quality of prune during storage LI Ziqin, LI Wenqi, TAO Dengfeng, JIA Wenting, JIN Xinwen, LEI Yongdong, LIU Chengjiang 2024, 61(8): 1947-1954.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1563KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different precooling methods combined with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) fumigation on postharvest storage and fresh-keeping of prune.【Methods】 The Dongfeng Farm prune of Xinjiang 3rd Division was used as the test material. The prunes were stored at 1℃ and the humidity was 85%-90%. The physiological indexes of prunes were measured regularly. The prunes were stored at 1℃ and stored in a fresh storage room with no precooling or fumigation as control (CK). The quality changes of prune during storage were analyzed. 【Results】 Compared with the control group, the three precooling methods combined with 3%H2O2 fumigation treatment effectively maintained the storage quality of prune to a certain extent. Comparison of storage quality and fresh-keeping effect of prune in different treatment groups: In-situ differential pressure pre-cooling treatment group > pre-storage turnover box treatment group > cold storagedirect cooling treatment group > CK.Among them, the respiratory intensity of the in-situ differential pressurepre-cooling treatment group was delayed by 30 days compared with the CK group, and the pre-storage coldturnover box and cold storage direct cooling were delayed by 15 days compared with the CK group. On the 90th day, the fruit decay rates of the cold storage turnover box, in-situ pressure difference, and cold storage directcooling treatment groups were 61.2 %, 40.8 %, and 51 % of the CK group, respectively, and the hardness was17.65 %, 70.6 %, and 5.9 % higher than that of the CK group, respectively. The in-situ differential pressurepre-cooling treatment group better inhibited the decay rate, weight loss rate, hardness, soluble solids, titratableacid and VC content of the plum, increased the activity of SOD, CAT and POD, prevented the softening of theplum, and maximized the storage quality of the plum.【Conclusion】 Postharvest pre-cooling combined with H2O2 fumigation treatment has a positive effect on delaying the senescence process of prunes and maintainingbetter storage quality. In particular, tunnel in-situ differential pressure pre-cooling combined with H2O2fumigation treatment has the best effect on maintaining postharvest preservation of prunes.

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Study on the influence of different fresh-keeping packages on the shelf life quality of flat peach at room temperature after logistics transportation YANG Mingfeng, HUANGFU Zhaoqing, Guo Huijing, Pan Yanfang, SONG Fangyuan 2024, 61(8): 1955-1962.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1504KB) ( )   【Objective】 Select the best packaging method to maintain the best shelf-life quality of flat peach after transportation, the effects of different packaging on shelf-life firmness, soluble solid (SSC), decay rate, relative conductivity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and vitamin C (VC) were studied. 【Methods】 Using Ingle flat peach as test material, the physical and chemical indexes of flat peach with shelf life of 4 days at room temperature were determined after logistics transportation in different fresh-keeping packages (no packaging, no packaging + storage bag, homemade buffer pad, homemade buffer pad + storage bag, foaming net, foaming net + storage bag). 【Results】 Compared with other packaging home-made cushion + plastic bag, the fresh-keeping effect was the best, followed by homemade buffer pad, which could effectively maintain the higher SSC, hardness, POD and VC contents of the peach, and effectively inhibit the rise of fruit decay rate, relative electrical conductivity and PPO. 【Conclusion】 The effect of plastic bag packaging is better than that of non-plastic bag packaging, the effect of homemade buffer pad and foaming net packaging is better than that of non-packaging group, homemade buffer pad, homemade buffer pad + plastic bag packaging can maintain better quality of fruit shelf life after logistics transportation, reduce the problem of fruit shelf life quality decline caused by mechanical collision during transportation, thus achieving the purpose of long distance transportation of peaches.

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The resistance analysis of Cucumis metuliferus and its effect of grafting on melon quality ZHANG Hao, LIANG Qigan, ZHANG Xuejun, FU Xiaofa, CHEN Jihao, ZHOU Bo, HUANG Yuan 2024, 61(8): 1963-1968.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (773KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen high-quality varieties of muskmelon grafted with thorny melon rootstocks combinations with excellent resistance to southern root knot nematode disease through artificial inoculation and identification of agronomic traits in the field and analyze the resistance of thorny melon rootstocks and the impact of grafting on the quality of muskmelonin the hope of promoting the development of pollution-free and high resistance muskmelon industry. 【Methods】 Using ZM1 and PI029 as rootstocks, the sweet melon varieties Huangmeng Crisp and Nasmi were grafted respectively,the yield and quality characteristics of different grafting combinations under facility pot cultivation conditions were analyzed, and high-quality grafting combinations suitable for production selected. 【Results】 There were significant differences in the quality of muskmelon between different germplasm resources and grafting of muskmelon. After grafting ZM1 and Nasmi, the soluble solids and fruit type index of muskmelon reached the highest, and the overall quality was desirable. However, there also remained shortcomings such as thicker skin and thinner flesh. ZM1 and Nasmi had the highest single melon weight and yield, which was beneficial for production and utilization. After the infection of southern root knot nematode, the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) in the roots of Cucurbita pepo were significantly increased. 【Conclusion】 The grafting quality of ZM1 and Nasmi is the best, the single fruit weight is the highest, so its grafting combination is conducive to the promotion in the production.

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Effects of optimal fertilization and organic fertilizer application on the yield and quality of oriental melon CHEN Jihao, ZHANG Hao, LIANG Qigan, FU Xiaofa, ZHANG Xuejun, MAO Jiancai 2024, 61(8): 1969-1975.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1077KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of reducing fertilizer application and increasing organic earthworm manure application on continuous cultivation of muskmelon in the hope of providing basic data for fertilization reduction and efficiency improvement in muskmelon production. 【Methods】 A new melon variety Huangmengcui was used as the material to study the effects of reducing chemical fertilizer and increasing organic vermicompost fertilizer on physiology, photosynthesis, yield, quality and root-tie nematode of continuous cropping melon. 【Results】 Compared with conventional fertilization, the vine length, fresh vine weight, dry vine weight, fresh root weight and dry root weight of T2 treatment were increased by 26.3%, 39.9%, 23.5%, 80.6% and 53.3%, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate treated with T2 were increased by 38.6%, 45.4% and 66.1% compared with the control, respectively, and the differences were significant. The comprehensive analysis of yield index and quality index showed that the key quality index of melon reached the maximum under T2 treatment, which was significantly different from the control. 【Conclusion】 T2(Earthworm organic fertilizer 300 kg/667m2+compound fertilizer 50 kg/667m2) treatment has the best comprehensive performance, which can be used as a reference for continuous cultivation of melon fertilization.

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Anther bacterial diversity of Korla Fragrant Pear before and after flowering WANG Qingpeng, YAN Chengcai, WANG Zhe, GOU Changqing, WANG Lan, FENG Hongzu, HAO Haiting 2024, 61(8): 1976-1982.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1099KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study investigated the bacterial presence in the anthers of Korla Fragrant pear blossoms, analyzing the changes in bacterial populations before and after flowering, to provide microbial resources for the prevention and control of common diseases in Fragrant pear trees in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 The flat-plate coating method was employed to isolate and purify the bacteria from the anthers of Fragrant pear blossoms before and after flowering. The bacterial diversity was analyzed, and molecular identification was conducted using 16S rDNA gene sequencing to determine their taxonomic status.【Results】 The bacterial species carried by the anthers of korla Fragrant pear blossoms before and after flowering exhibited diversity. Nine strains were randomly selected for molecular identification from the bacteria isolated from the anthers before flowering, all of which were categorized under the Bacillus genus, including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus velezensis. Additionally, seven strains were randomly selected from the bacteria isolated after flowering; these included not only Bacillus genus but also bacteria from the Sphingobium genus, indicating greater diversity in the bacteria after flowering compared to before.【Conclusion】 Among the bacteria carried by the anthers before flowering, five strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis, two as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and two as Bacillus velezensis. After flowering, the bacteria included three strains of Bacillus subtilis, two strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, one strain of Bacillus paranthracis, and one strain of Sphingobacterium multivorum.

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Effects of exogenous 2, 4-epibrassinolide on seed germination of different salt-sensitive tomatoes under salt stress XI Rui, CHEN Yijia, LI Ning, YU Qinghui, WANG Qiang, QIN Yong 2024, 61(8): 1983-1992.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1480KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different concentrations of 2, 4-Epibrassinolide (EBR) on the germination characteristics and key enzyme activities of tomato seeds under salt stress and determine the optimal concentration of exogenous EBR for tomato seed germination and growth in the hope of providing theoretical support for the effective application of this plant growth regulator. 【Methods】 The seeds of salt-sensitive tomato ‘M82’ and salt-tolerant tomato ‘IL-7-5-5’ were treated with 50 mmol/L NaCl, and exogenous EBR of 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 μmol/L were added to assess tomato seed germination stage of germination rate, germination potential, morphological characteristics, and analysis of antioxidant enzymes activity and osmotic regulation substances content changes. 【Results】 Compared with salt stress treatment, the germination potential of ‘M82’ and ‘IL-7-5-5’ after exogenous EBR treatment was increased by more than 10% to 30%, and the seed vigor index was increased by more than 100 to 200. With the increase of EBR concentration, the germination rate and germination potential of the two tomato varieties showed a decreasing trend. Compared with salt stress, the seed germ length and fresh weight of ‘M82’ treated with 0.01 μmol/L EBR increased by 94.26% and 135.71%, respectively. The germ length and fresh weight of ‘IL-7-5-5’ treated with 0.1 μmol/L EBR increased by 32.48% and 14.52%, respectively, compared with salt stress. The contents of osmoregulatory substances such as soluble protein and soluble sugar were significantly increased, and the activities of MDA, SOD, CAT and POD in the sprouts were significantly increased, but there were significant differences in physiological indexes between different EBR concentrations and different tomato varieties. 【Conclusion】 In the presence of salt stress, exogenous EBR can enhance the adaptability of tomato seeds to osmotic regulation during germination, improve the efficacy of antioxidant system in vivo, reduce the accumulation of membrane lipid peroxidation products, promote the germination and growth of tomato seeds, thus enhancing the tolerance of tomato seeds to salt during germination. 0.01 μmol/L EBR treatment has the best effect on ‘M82’ and 0.1 μmol/L on ‘IL-7-5-5’ under salt stress.

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Effects of different substrates and planting densities on onion bulblet yield Arezigu Tuxun, JIA Kai, GAO Jie 2024, 61(8): 1993-2003.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1485KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim is to study the effects of different cultivation substrates and planting densities on the yield of onion bulblets. 【Methods】 With Baixue as the test material, the flat bottom seedling tray was used to sow, five kinds of cultivation substrates were designed, and four kinds of sowing densities were studied, A total of 15 treatments. This study lays the theoretical and technical foundation for realizing the mechanized colonization of onion bulblet as planting material. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height of seedlings treated with sheep manure:garden soil = 1:3, density 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm was the highest, which was 25.95 cm, and the diameter of pseudostem was the thickest, which was 2.27 mm. The number of leaves treated with peat:perlite = 1:2, density 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm was the highest, which was 4.20. The peroxidase ( POD ) activity of peat:perlite = 1:2, density 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the catalase ( CAT ) activity of sheep manure:garden soil = 1:3, density 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments. There was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) among all density treatments of perlite:vermiculite = 1:3, but it was higher than other treatments. The content of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) in vermiculite:perlite = 1:2, density 2 cm × 2 cm treatment was the highest. Peat:perlite = 1:2, density 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm treatment per square centimeter of the largest number of bulbs, which was 35.55. 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive evaluation of membership function method, the treatment of peat:perlite = 1:2,density 2 cm × 2 cm ranks the first. The germination rate of this treatment group is 91.33 %, the plant height is 18.01 cm, the pseudostem diameter is 2.14 mm, the number of leaves is 3.89, and the number of bulbs ranks the third,good comprehensive characteristics.There is a significant positive correlation between the number of leaves and the pseudostem diameter ( r = 0.623, P < 0.05 ). There is a significant negative correlation between the number of bulbs and plant height (r=-0.518, P < 0.05 ). Under the interaction of density and substrate, the number of bulbs is significantly negatively correlated with plant height.

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Effects of different saline environments on anatomical structure and ion content of Populus euphratica leaves YAO Shiyu, WANG Jie, HUANG Wenjuan, JIAO Peipei, PENG Chengzhi, XIONG Dan, CHEN Yue, WANG Xin 2024, 61(8): 2004-2013.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1561KB) ( )   【Objective】 To discuss(Populus euphratica) the adaptation characteristics of the saline environment and reveal the physiological mechanism of salt tolerance. 【Methods】 P. euphratica leaves in different saline habitats were used as experimental test materials, the ions were determined by boiling water extraction and boiling method, and the anatomical structure of the leaves was observed under light microscope by paraffin sectioning method, and the content of each ion of the leaves and the comparative anatomical structure characteristics of the leaves were studied. 【Results】 (1) In the low-salt environment, the fence tissue in the leaf of P. euphraticawas larger, the leaf thickness, sponge tissue and midvein vascular bundle area were the largest, and the sponge tissue thickness was significantly different compared with other environments. In the medium salt environment, the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, the area of fence tissue and mucus cells were greater than those of other environments. In a high-salt environment, P. euphratica leaves increased the thickness of epidermis, sponge tissue and leaf thickness. (2) From low salt environment to high salt environment, the contents of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}{ }^{-}$ and Cl- in poplar leaves decreased, and the K+ content in leaves increased, thus the ion balance in leaves being maintained. (3) Fence tissue, mucus cell area, fence tissue/sponge tissue, and leaf compactness were significantly or very positively correlated with $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}{ }^{-}$ and Na+, and significantly or very negatively correlated with K+;K+ in leaves was susceptible to environmental influences, which was significantly correlated with soil pH, total salt and conductivity. The epidermal thickness, mucus cell volume, and grid-to-sea ratio on the leaves were strongly correlated with soil salinity and water content, indicating that when stressed by salinity, they would resist the stress environment by changing their own structure. 【Conclusion】 Under different saline environmental conditions, the leaves of P. euphratica chinensis are mainly regulated and stored in the leaves by salt separators and act on all parts of the leaves, so as to ensure the normal physiological metabolism of the tree body and form different leaf anatomical characteristics to adapt to the environment.

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Differences in carbon sink estimation between photosynthetic and biomass methods in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt LI Ruyong, REN Jiuming, LEI Ting, WANG Kelin, LIU Pengcheng, LI Jiangtao 2024, 61(8): 2014-2022.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1588KB) ( )   【Objective】 Desert highway shelterbelts play a major role in wind prevention and sand fixation, as well as oxygen release and carbon fixation. By investigating vegetation along the Tarim Desert Highway and obtaining corresponding measured data, this study aims to further reveal the ecological and environmental effects and artificial ecosystem service functions of desert highway shelterbelts, providing a scientific basis for artificial forest management and carbon storage assessment in arid desert areas. 【Methods】 In this study, we compared the photosynthetic rate model with the biomass model to estimate the photosynthetic rate and the optimal biomass model of each of the three main forest-building plants in the shelterbelt, and then estimated their carbon sinksink capacity and carbon storage, taking the planted shelterbelt along the highway in the Tarim Desert as an object of study. 【Results】 There were significant differences in carbon fixation per unit leaf area among the three plants in the photosynthetic carbon fixation model, which were in the order of Haloxylon ammodendron > Calligonum mongolicum > Tamarix ramosissima. The optimal biomass models of the three plants were all power functions. The validation results showed that the regression determination coefficients between the predicted and measured values exceeded 90%, indicating high precision and reliability of the models. The total carbon sfixation of the desert highway shelterbelt estimated by the photosynthetic method was 567,431.68 tons, and the value estimated by the biomass method was 565,083.75 tons, indicating that the carbon sink estimated by the two methods was comparable. 【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in nitrogen fixation among the 3 species(Haloxylon ammodendron > Calligonum mongolicum > Tamarix ramosissima),indicating high precision and reliability of the models.

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Spatial distribution pattern and prediction of Rhus typhina L. roots sucker in urban green space system ZHANG Yiran, Yeerjiang Baiketuerhan, Baihetiguli Kayier, QI Zhiying 2024, 61(8): 2023-2033.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1476KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the characteristics of Rhus typhina L. and its root sucker seedlings in different urban green space systems in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the management and control of Rhus typhina L. 【Methods】 Rhus typhina L. and root sucker seedlings in different green space systems in Urumqi and Korla were taken as research objects, and standard plot method, standard row method and standard plant method were used to conduct investigation according to the actual planting situation. 【Results】 The growth of mother plant and root suckers of torch tree in Korla City was better than that in Urumqi City, and the root suckers of Rhus typhina L. in roadside green belt were the strongest; In all types of green space systems, the root suckers of Rhus typhina L. were clustered and mainly distributed within 1.5 m from the mother plant. The survivorship curve tended to be Deevey -II type, and the mortality rate of root suckers of Ⅲ - Ⅳ age classes was higher.【Conclusion】 Through time series prediction, it was found that the overall number of root suckers and seedlings of the Rhus typhina L. showed a decreasing trend.

Plant Protection · Facility Agriculture · Animal Husbandry Veterinarian · Agricultural Eeconomy

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Biological characteristics and chemical control of defoliating cotton Verticillium wilt LAI Chengxia, YANG Yanlong, LI Chunping, Mayila Yusuyin, WANG Yan, YANG Dong, YANG Ni, GE Fengwei, WANG Penglong, MA Jun 2024, 61(8): 2034-2042.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1497KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare the biological characteristics of defoliating cotton verticillium wilt pathogens from Changji and Shawan and clarify the control effects of carbendazim, ethyl allicin, ethyl azolone, that is, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzicum, which were commonly used in local production, on cotton verticillium wilt will be determined, and efficient and effective agents selected to guide the control of cotton disease. 【Methods】 The mycelial growth rate method was used to investigate the main biological characteristics of various pathogenic bacteria through adaptive growth of different ions, pH, carbon sources, and temperature. Meanwhile,the toxicity of five pesticides was measured indoors. 【Results】 The optimal temperature for the growth of pathogenic bacteria in Changji City and Shawan City was 20-25 ℃, the optimal ion culture medium was Ca2+, the optimal pH was 5-7, and the optimal carbon source was sucrose. All the 5 tested drugs had significantly different inhibitory effects on various pathogenic bacteria. Carbendazim, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum had strong inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria. The EC50 of carbendazim, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum to Changji was respectively 0.292,3-0.819,3 μg/mL,1.661×10-2-2.695×10-2 μg/mL, 0.101,5-0.884,6 μg/mL, for Shawan, 0.358,8 -5.694 μg/mL, 1.813 ×10-2-2.727 ×10-2 μg/mL,0.181,0-0.608,8 μg/mL, respectively, while allicin and azolidinone had the worst control effect on pathogenic bacteria, with an EC50 of 71.04 μg/mL、111.6 μg/mL in the Changji area and in the Shawan area 79.22 and 171.7 μg/mL. 【Conclusion】 In Changji and Shawan, 25 ℃ is the ideal temperature for the growth of several pathogens, and the ideal ion medium is the one that contains Ca2+. Different infections develop fastest in pH values between 5 and 7, therefore acidic environments are ideal for their growth. Additionally, they can withstand alkaline conditions well. Microsclerotia develop quickest on culture media containing sucrose as the carbon source and are more likely to occur in alkaline settings. Carbendazim, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum have strong bacteriostatic effects on cotton Vverticillium wilt in Changji and Shawan, which can be used to prevent and control the cotton disease.

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Variation of environmental factors and analysis of tomato traits in low-energy assembly-type deep-winter production solar greenhouse ZHANG Caihong, WANG Guoqiang, JIANG Luyan, LIU Tao, DE Xianming 2024, 61(8): 2043-2053.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1884KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the influence of low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse on indoor environmental factors and the growth and yield of tomato, and to provide data support for the subsequent cultivation of tomato in the new greenhouse. 【Methods】 In the study, the low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse (new greenhouse) was selected as the test greenhouse, and the ordinary brick wall structure solar greenhouse was selected as the control greenhouse. The influence of the environmental difference between the test greenhouse and the control greenhouse on the growth and quality yield of overwintering crop tomato was analyzed. 【Results】 The new solar greenhouse was increased by 14.7%, the daytime warming effect decreased by 7.35%; the indoor surface soil temperature increased by 30.1% and-50 cm by 20.85%; the relative air humidity decreased by 20.85%, and the daily solar radiation increased by 12.20%. Compared with the traditional brick wall solar greenhouse, the average plant height of the new solar greenhouse increased by about 32%, and the average stem thickness increased by about 9.2%. Overall, the new solar greenhouse is more conducive to the growth and development of tomatoes. At the same time, the study found that the unit per mu yield of tomato, the per fruit weight of tomato and the vitamin C content of the new solar greenhouse increased by 17.28%, 12.72% and 14.34% respectively compared with the traditional brick solar greenhouse, which had a certain improvement effect, especially in the unit per mu yield of tomato, its gain effect is obvious. 【Conclusion】 The new solar greenhouse is obviously better than the ordinary brick wall structure in terms of thermal insulation performance at night. Its larger spatial structure reduces the indoor air humidity and then improves the total radiation of the greenhouse, and indirectly improves the photosynthesis ability of crops. Therefore, the research believes that compared with the ordinary wall solar greenhouse, the overall tomato yield is higher. Compared with the traditional brick wall greenhouse, the new solar greenhouse overall advantage, make it has more convenient and practical, but also has higher economic benefits.

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Effects of compound additives on growth performance, rumen fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility of sheep in cold season ZHAO Chen, WANG Yan, Abuxiaheman Mubalake, QIN Rongyan, CHEN Xiangyu, LIANG Jiandi, WANG Lele, ZHANG Zhijun, WANG Chengmin, WANG Wenqi, Shalitanati 2024, 61(8): 2054-2062.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1158KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of compound additives on rumen fermentation. 【Methods】 Sixty 6-month-old Altay rams with similar body weight [(39.64 ± 2.72) kg] and good health were randomly divided into one control group and three compound additive groups (E1 group, E2 group and E3 group), with 15 sheep in each group. The CON group was fed with basic diet, E1 group was added with 2.2% compound additive I (seabuckthorn leaf powder: ammonium chloride: glutamine = 15:5:2), E2 group was added with 2.2% compound additive II (seabuckthorn leaf powder: ammonium chloride: guanylacetic acid = 15:5:1), and E3 group was added with 2.2% compound additive III (seabuckthorn leaf powder: ammonium chloride: glutamine: guanylacetic acid = 15:5:2:1). The pre-trial period was 15 days and the pilot period was 30 days. 【Results】 The results showed that(1) The average daily feed intake of E1, E2 and E3 groups was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The ratio of feed to gain in E1 and E3 groups was significantly lower than that in control group during the first 15 days (P<0.01). (2) The acetic acid/propionic acid levels in the E1 group were significantly higher than those in the E3 group (P<0.05); The concentration of isovaleric acid in E2 group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference in other rumen fermentation parameters between groups. (3) The E1 group had the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acidic detergent fiber, and total energy, which was significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The E2 group had the highest apparent digestibility of crude fat, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 It can be seen that adding composite additives to the diet helps improve the apparent nutrient digestibility of cold season sheep. In summary, the application effect of composite additive I (seabuckthorn leaf powder: ammonium chloride: glutamine=15:5:2) in cold season sheep production is good.

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Establishment and application of natural hapten agar diffusion test for brucella LIU Liya, YAN Wenliang, CAO Rui, YE Feng, MA Xiaojing, GU Wenxi, ZHAO Jiangshan, ZHANG Zirong, SONG Jie, LI Yan, YI Xinping 2024, 61(8): 2063-2070.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (941KB) ( )   【Objective】 To establish and optimize the natural hapten agar gel immuno-diffusion test (NH-AGID) for Brucella abortus in clinical samples.【Methods】 The NH-AGID method was established to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of the method; 2,287 bovine and sheep sera from immunized areas and 252 from non-immunized areas were tested. 【Results】 The NH-AGID method with stable and reproducible assay and high specificity was successfully established; The sensitivity of the assay for naturally infected positive animals was lower than 80%; The sensitivity of the assay for releasing animals was higher than 90%; The threshold for detecting bruclosis-positive antibodies was higher than RBT. The average detection rate of serum NH antibodies in immunized areas was 17.8%, and the average detection rate of LPS antibodies was 52.3%; the average detection rate of serum NH antibodies in non-immunized areas was 40.9%, and the average detection rate of LPS antibodies was 54.8%. 【Conclusion】 The NH-AGID method can be applied to identify and distinguish bovine and sheep brucellosis-infected animals from immunized animals in immunized areas. Animals detected with NH antibodies in the active or excretory phase of Brucella abortus are brucellosis-infected animals and should be removed from the herd in time.

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Impact of E-commerce development on the value of regional public brands of agricultural products CAO Jian, LIU Dan 2024, 61(8): 2071-2080.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1197KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study aims to analyze the impact of e-commerce development on the enhancement of the value of regional public brands of agricultural products in China. 【Methods】 Based on the panel data of the counties where the 154 regional public brands of agricultural products were located from 2015 to 2022. The empirically tested the promotion effect of e-commerce development on the value of regional public brands of agricultural products through the multi-period double-difference model and double-difference spatial Durbin model, etc. 【Results】 The coefficient of impact of e-commerce development on the regional public brand value of agricultural products was 0.751, which was positive at a significant level of 5%; The regression coefficients for the western and central eastern regions were 1.770 and 0.611, respectively, which were positive at the significant levels of 1% and 10%, respectively; The regression coefficient of the samples from high urbanization level areas was 0.784, which was positive at the 5% significance level, while the samples from low urbanization level areas Eco not pass the significance test; The total effect of e-commerce development on the regional public brand value of agricultural products was 3.629, with direct and indirect effects being 2.138 and 1.491, respectively, both being positive at a significant level of 1%. 【Conclusion】 The development of e-commerce has a significant positive spatial spillover effect on the public brand value of agricultural products in the region, which means that e-commerce development can enhance the brand value of agricultural products in the local region and surrounding areas.