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20 July 2024, Volume 61 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry
Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing
Plant Protection·Soil Fertilizer
Prataculture·Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization·Animal Husbandry Veteri-narian


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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry

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Evaluation of adaptability of 90 BT transgenic insectresistant cotton varieties (lines) in early cotton areas of Xinjiang LI Ying, GUO Wenwen, LI Jiangbo, QU Yanying, CHEN Quanjia, ZHENG Kai 2024, 61(7): 1561-1573.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1753KB) ( )   【Objective】Evaluate the adaptability and application value of germplasm resources, and to provide parents for the selection and breeding of new cotton varieties. 【Methods】The variation and correlation of agronomic traits and quality traits were studied by using 90 BT transgenic insect-resistant cotton as experimental materials, and principal component analysis and clustering analysis of 90 BT transgenic insect-resistant cotton were carried out with main agronomic traits and quality traits.【Results】The results of the analysis showed that there were significant differences in fiber quality and agronomic traits in the test materials. Among them, 44 were converted to BT gene cotton as early maturing materials, and 46 were converted to BT gene cotton as medium and early maturing materials. The first five principal component characteristic values were greater than 1, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 71.62%, the first principal component was related to cotton yield, the second principal component was related to fiber quality, and the third principal component was related to plant traits. 90 trans-BT cotton were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis, and the sub-finger traits of group I showed good performance. Group II, the specific strength and elongation at break were good. Group III had higher boll number, boll weight and clothing score per plant. Group IV's fiber quality was better. 【Conclusion】18 parts of G21-2, G21-14, G21-1, G21-77 and other boll weights are selected from 90 transgenic cotton materials, all with a weight of more than 5.00 g, clothing content of more than 42%, and excellent comprehensive properties.

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Identification of salt tolerance of 197 upland cotton varieties at germination stage LIU Huijie, WANG Junhao, GONG Zhaolong, LIANG Yajun, WANG Junduo, LI Xueyuan, ZHENG Juyun, WANG Jichuan 2024, 61(7): 1574-1581.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (795KB) ( )   【Objective】By identifying and evaluating the salt tolerance of upland cotton germplasm resources during the germination stage, this research can select good salt-tolerance germplasms.Based on this evaluation, the indicators of salt tolerance identification can be clarified, which provides theoretical support for the breeding improvement of upland cotton.【Methods】In this study, 197 varieties of upland cotton from both domestic and international sources were used as experimental materials.Salt stress treatments were administered at sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0 (as the control), 150, and 200 mmol/L.Nine parameters, including germination potential, rate, root length, and their relative measurements, were evaluated for the control and treatment groups.To assess the salt tolerance of these cotton varieties, a membership function method was applied, utilizing a comprehensive D-value for evaluation.【Results】The results indicated that a concentration of 150 mmol/L is ideal for determining salt tolerance in upland cotton during the germination stage.The coefficient of variation in the treatment group was consistently higher compared to the control group.A significant positive correlation was observed between the comprehensive D-value and the various traits of the treated plants.The comprehensive D-value as the primary factor.Based on a thorough evaluation, 4 materials were classified as highly salt-tolerant, 39 materials as salt-tolerant, 65 materials as moderately salt-tolerant, and 89 materials as salt-sensitive.【Conclusion】The study indicated that nine metrics, such as germination potential, germination rate, root length, and their respective relative values, are effective indicators for assessing salt tolerance.Among the tested materials, forty-three, including varieties 20N705 and C6524, demonstrated notably strong salt tolerance.

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Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application on population structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring wheat YANG Mei, ZHAO Hongmei, Dilireba Xiamixiding, YANG Weijun, ZHANG Jinshan, HUI Chao 2024, 61(7): 1582-1589.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1190KB) ( )   【Objective】This study further carried out the research on the impact of biochar single application and combined application of nitrogen fertilizer on the population structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring wheat in irrigation areas, aiming to provide scientific basis for the rational use of biochar and fertilizer. 【Methods】The experiment adopted a randomized block design, set up 2 nitrogen fertilizer application levels (0, 150 kg/hm2) and 4 levels of biomass charcoal (0, 10, 20, 30 t/hm2) for research. After that, the population structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Xinchun 46 wheat were analyzed in 2020. 【Results】The results showed that under B2N1 treatment, nitrogen fertilizer reduction (150 kg/hm2), compared to medium biomass charcoal (20 t/hm2) under the combined application, the population structure, leaf area index, leaf SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, and yield of spring wheat all reached the optimal level, increased by 15.04% to 32.98%, 3.67% to 89.82%, 5.63% to 11.46%, 17.95% to 81.68%, and 29.73% compared to the control, respectively. Compared with the control, the single application of biochar and the combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer increased spring wheat yield by 7.52% to 29.73%. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 150 kg/hm2 and applied in combination with 20 t/hm2(B2N1) biochar has the best effect in increasing production.

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Forecasting method of water requirement of winter wheat DU Yun, ZHANG Jingjing, LEI Jiacheng, LI Bo, LI Yongfu 2024, 61(7): 1590-1596.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1300KB) ( )   【Objective】Based on the meteorological data related to water demand forecasting of winter wheat, a water demand forecasting model with fewer parameters was constructed to improve the robustness of water demand forecasting,provides a more reliable method for forecasting water demand based on meteorological information.【Methods】Meteorological data of Qitai County in recent five years were selected, and the water requirement of winter wheat calculated by Penman-Monteith formula was approximately the real water requirement. Four variables including average temperature, wind speed, humidity and precipitation were taken as input parameters. The water requirement of winter wheat was forecasted, and the prediction of CNN-BiLSTM was compared with that of LSTM, BiLSTM and other 6 models. 【Results】The results showed that when a few parameters were fed into BP, RNN, LSTM, improved BiLSTM and CNN-BiLSTM models to predict water demand, the prediction effect of BP neural network was poor. In the model evaluation, CNN-BiLSTM showed an R2 improvement of about 14% over LSTM and a MSE reduction of about 3.8. 【Conclusion】CNN-BiLSTM model is more accurate in predicting wheat water demand.

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Physiological responses of different quinoa varieties during seedling stage under low temperature stress YAO Qing, WANG Jiehua, Xiernayi Abudula, Dilimulati Tulahong, CUI Hongliang 2024, 61(7): 1597-1604.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (793KB) ( )   【Objective】To explore the effects of low temperature stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of quinoa seedlings, and to provide theoretical basis for exploring the cold tolerance mechanism and breeding of quinoa varieties. 【Methods】The top 4 varieties YN1, YN2, YN3 and YN4 with strong cold resistance were selected as experimental materials through low temperature germination test of quinoa seeds selected in Yili Valley in recent years, and the seedlings were raised in nutrient soil and treated at low temperature under artificial simulated low temperature stress environment (-4℃). Normal natural temperature treatment was set as control. 【Results】(1) Quinoa had strong tolerance to continuous low temperature treatment of -4℃. When treated with low temperature it showed significant differences in cold resistance, among which variety YN4 had the strongest low temperature resistance, variety YN1 had the stronger low temperature resistance, and variety YN3 and variety YN2 had the weaker low temperature resistance. (2) Low temperature stress could significantly reduce the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of leaves, and the photosynthetic rate decreased the growth rate due to stomatal closure. Low temperature stress had no negative effect on photosynthetic metabolism of quinoa. (3) The active substances of antioxidant enzymes were important substances to regulate the cold tolerance of quinoa, and there were significant differences in activity among varieties. The activities of SOD, POD and MDA were significantly increased by low temperature treatment, while the activities of CAT were decreased. Strains with strong cold tolerance would have low resistance to low temperature stress by increasing the activity of key antioxidant enzymes. (4) Stable isotope and stem nitrogen concentration were important criteria for measuring the low temperature tolerance of quinoa. Low temperature treatment significantly reduced water and nitrogen metabolism of quinoa. 【Conclusion】Low temperature resistant varieties could alleviate the damage caused by low temperature by accelerating water absorption and nitrogen metabolism. The results showed that quinoa was more tolerant to low temperature stress, but the tolerance degree of different varieties was different.

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Variation analysis of sweetness gene Sugary1 (Su1) sequence in Sweet corn YANG Caixia, GU Wei, GUAN Yuan, QU Jingtao, DANG Dongdong, WU Penghao, ZHENG Hongjian 2024, 61(7): 1605-1614.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1943KB) ( )   【Objective】The Sugary1 (Su1) gene of sweet corn was analyzed by nucleotide polymorphism analysis and neutral test, and the allelic variation sites of Su1 in sweet corn from different sources were analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for variety improvement and quality improvement of sweet corn. 【Methods】In order to illustrate the sequence polymorphism of maize gene Su1, the Su1gene in 170 sweet corn inbred lines was sequenced, using the genomic sequence of B73 as the reference.【Results】Analysis showed that 97 nucleotide sites were mutated, including 85 SNPs sites and 12 InDels locus. Among them, there were 12 SNPs loci and 0 InDel in the coding region, 85 SNPs loci and 12 InDels in the non-coding region. There were 5 synonymous mutations at SNP site and 7 non-synonymous mutations in the coding region. The inbred lines were divided into 76 haplotypes according to the full-length sequence of Su1 gene, and 47 haplotypes were divided into 47 haplotypes according to the coding region of the gene.【Conclusion】The Su1 gene had undergone obvious artificial selection.

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Effects of different growth stage application combinations of amendments on secondary salinized soil properties and sweet corn yield in Hexi Corrido ZHONG Huili, WU Jun, LU Xiangsheng 2024, 61(7): 1615-1625.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1393KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the effects of different application combinations of Hexi Corridor saline-alkali soil improv on secondary saline-alkali soil improvement and sweet corn growth in Hexi Corridor, so as to determine the best application plan of improv.【Methods】Taking Tianyu 2 as the test crop, the effects of saline-alkali soil improv on seedling emergence rate, seedling preservation rate, plant height, stem diameter, plant fresh weight, yield composition, yield, economic benefit and soil saline-alkali index of sweet corn in the whole maize growth period were studied.【Results】The seedling emergence rate increased by 8.38%-11.00% when saline soil amendment was applied once with seeding water, and the seedling preservation rate increased by 13.31%-15.64% when saline soil amendment was applied twice with seeding water. The bald tip length of the third amendment was shortened by 44.30%, the rate of the first grade was up to 46.27%, and the yield and economic benefit were the best. Saline-alkali soil amendments applied in different periods can reduce soil saline-alkali indices, pH, EC and ESP by 0.15-0.35, 31-146 μs/cm and 0.8%-4.8%, respectively. 【Conclusion】In summary, the best application time scheme of Hokang saline-alkali soil improver for soil improvement is: sowing time + improver 37.5 kg/hm2, seedling stage + improver 30 kg/hm2, spinning stage + improver 15 kg/hm2.

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Study on suitable harvesting time and grain water content of fresh waxy maize YANG Minghua, LIU Qiang, FENG Guorui, LIAO Biyong, Dawulai Jiekeshan, PENG Yuncheng, Buayixiamu Namanti, CHEN Yanping 2024, 61(7): 1626-1630.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (659KB) ( )   【Objective】To comprehensively evaluate the grain moisture content and fresh weight of 10 fresh waxy maize varieties, and select the varieties that are suitable for the optimal harvesting period of fresh waxy maize in the Ili River Valley.【Methods】Using 10 fresh waxy maize varieties as experimental materials, comprehensive analysis was conducted on the grain moisture content, fresh weight, dry matter accumulation, and yield of ear harvested at eight stages after pollination of fresh waxy maize.【Results】There were significant differences in fresh ear yield among different varieties. The fresh ear yields of Sukenuo 1801 and Sukenuo 1505 respectively reached 1,215.14 and 1,025.95 kg/667m2, at 25-30 days after pollination, the grain moisture content of each variety ranged from 59.6% to 65.0%, making it the most suitable harvesting period for waxy maize; There was no significant difference in dry matter accumulation among the 10 varieties, but there was a significant difference in fresh weight, the order of fresh weight of 100 grains was as follows: Sukenuo 1505>Caitiannuo 001>Sukenuo 1801>Sukenuo 1901>Nuoxiang 398>Xiangtiannuo 968>Sukenuo 1501>Sukenuo 12>Sukenuo 212>Sukenuo 338, Sukenuo 1505 had the smallest decrease in grain moisture content, which was convenient for extending the harvest period.【Conclusion】Based on comprehensive analysis, Sukenuo 1505, Caitiannuo 001, Sukenuo 1801, Sukenuo 1901, and Nuoxiang 389 can be selected as the main fresh maize varieties recommended in the Ili River Valley, the optimal harvest period is 25-30 days after pollination.

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Effects of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in different proportions and plant nutrients and sugar beet yield LU Weidan, ZHOU Yuanhang, MA Xiaolong, GAO Jianglong, FAN Xiaoqin, GUO Jianfu, LI Jianqiang, LIN Ming 2024, 61(7): 1631-1639.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1276KB) ( )   【Objective】To explore the effects of different proportions of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers on soil nutrient content, plant nutrient uptake, fertilizer utilization rate and sugar beet yield, so as to provide a scientific fertilizer program for achieving high and stable crop yield and soil fertilizer cultivation. 【Methods】A total of 7 treatments were set up: No fertilization control (CK), household conventional fertilization (CF), humic acid organic fertilizer replacing 10% chemical fertilizer (10%HF), humic acid organic fertilizer replacing 20% chemical fertilizer (20%HF), humic acid organic fertilizer replacing 30% chemical fertilizer (30%HF), humic acid organic fertilizer replacing 40% chemical fertilizer (40%HF), Humic acid organic fertilizer replacing 50% chemical fertilizer (50%HF). Soil nutrients, nutrient uptake by sugar beet plants, dry matter accumulation and sugar beet yield were measured. 【Results】The results showed that compared with conventional fertilizer treatment, the content of organic fertilizer in soil was increased by 2.37%-7.38% by humic acid fertilizer. Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 1.07%-11.39%, 10.65%-37.83% and 6.04%-14.68%, respectively. 30%HF and 40%HF increased significantly by 16.91% and 17.65% compared with CF treatment, respectively.【Conclusion】Compared with conventional application of chemical fertilizer by farmers, organic humic acid fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer in different proportions can significantly increase soil nutrient content, increase nutrient uptake of beet plants, increase dry matter accumulation of beet, and achieve the purpose of reducing chemical fertilizer, changing soil and increasing yield. Among them, organic fertilizer instead of 30% chemical fertilizer treatment has the better effect of increasing yield and improving soil fertility.

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Analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration and characteristics of irrigation water requirement of different crops ZHANG Ni, ZHENG Zhiwei, DOU Jingjing, WANG Yikun, ZHANG Yanfen, LIU Chunlai 2024, 61(7): 1640-1647.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1144KB) ( )   【Objective】The reference crop evapotranspiration combined with crop coefficient can be used to estimate the irrigation water requirement at each growth stage of crops, which might provide a basis for agricultural water allocation.【Methods】In this paper, the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) was simulated by Hargreaves-Samani (H-S), Irmark-Allen (I-A) and Priestley-Taylor (P-T) methods in Aksu city of Xinjiang. The precision of the three simulation methods was evaluated according to R2, nRMSE and MAPE, and the variation of ET0 at interannual and monthly scales was analyzed. Different typical years were selected to analyze the water demand rules of winter wheat, cotton, spring maize and summer maize.【Results】(1) The R2 of ET0 calculated by Hargreaves-Samani method, Irmark-Allen method and Priestley-Taylor method were 0. 965, 0. 949 and 0. 946, respectively, and MAPE were 20. 85 %, 26. 46 % and 66. 71 %, respectively. (2) The 30-year average cumulative value of ET0 in the study region was 960 mm, which was larger from May to August and smaller in December and January. (3) The irrigation water requirements of winter wheat, cotton, spring corn and summer corn were 108 mm, 308 mm, 131 mm and 136 mm respectively in the regreening-jointing stage, flowering-budding stage, heading-milk stage and heading-milk stage. (4) During the whole growth period, the water requirements of winter wheat, cotton, spring corn and summer corn were 448, 533, 394 and 385 mm, respectively.【Conclusion】H-S method and I-A method has good universality in Aksu city; the cumulative value of ET0 in the study region did not change much between years, and it increased first and then decreased during the year; the key water requirement periods of winter wheat cotton, spring corn and summer corn were reviving-jointing stage, flowering-flocculation stage, heading-milk ripening stage and heading-milk ripening stage, respectively; during the whole growth period, the water requirement of cotton is the largest, followed by winter wheat, spring corn and summer corn.

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Effect of cotton-peanut crop rotation pattern on the distribution of dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut GAO Jun, HOU Xianfei, MIAO Haocui, JIA Donghai, GU Yuanguo, WANGH Tianling, HNU Yi, CHENG Xiaolu, LI Qiang 2024, 61(7): 1648-1656.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1472KB) ( )   【Objective】To characterize the dry matter accumulation and distribution pattern of peanut under the cotton peanut rotation pattern.【Methods】Using the conventional continuous peanut in Xinjiang as control (CK), we set up two different cropping patterns, namely, cotton - peanut - cotton rotation (CPC) and peanut - cotton - peanut rotation (PCP), and measured the dry and fresh ratios of peanut roots, stems, leaves and fruits as well as the amount of dry matter accumulated at the seedling stage, the needle stage, the podding stage and the maturity stage, respectively. 【Results】There was a significant positive correlation between the dry weight of peanut pods and fruits, the dry weight of leaves and the biomass of a single plant. The dry-to-fresh ratio and dry matter accumulation of stems, leaves and fruits of cotton - peanut - cotton rotation and peanut - cotton - peanut rotation were significantly higher than those of CK during the whole life span of peanut, in which the weight of 100 fruits, 100 kernels and yield of cotton - peanut - cotton rotation increased by 21.17%, 35.33% and 78.02%, respectively compared with CK; and the weight of 100 fruits, 100 kernels, kernel yield and yield of peanut - cotton - peanut rotation increased by 14.68%, 6.64%, 1.39% and 40.54%, respectively compared with those of CK. The 100-fruit weight and 100-kernel weight of cotton - peanut - cotton rotation were significantly higher than those of CK and peanut - cotton - peanut rotation treatments by 21.42% and 35.28%, 5.69% and 26.08%, respectively. 【Conclusion】It was clearly seen that crop rotation mode achieved the effect of accelerating the fertility process. Crop rotation can significantly increase dry matter accumulation and 100-fruit and 100-kernel weights and is favorable to the improvement of peanut yield.

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Effects of cotton-peanut rotation on the soil physicochemical properties and the yield of crop HOU Xianfei, LI Qiang, MIAO haocui, JIA Donghai, GU Yuanguo, Maimaiyiming Simayi, CUI Fuyang 2024, 61(7): 1657-1665.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1323KB) ( )   【Objective】This project aims to study the changes of soil nutrients and crop yield under cotton-peanut rotation mode in order to provide a theoretical basis for industrial adjustment in oasis agricultural area of Xinjiang.【Methods】The experiment was a long-term positioning experiment. According to the rotation crops, there wee four treatments: cotton-peanut, peanut-cotton, peanut-peanut and cotton-cotton (the last two were the control treatment). Soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm after the harvest of each rotation crop, and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were determined.【Results】Under the cotton peanut rotation mode, the content of available phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil was the highest, which was about twice that of cotton continuous cropping, and the content of soil available potassium was significantly higher than that of cotton continuous cropping. The content of soil total nitrogen was the highest under the peanut continuous cropping mode in 0-40 cm soil layer, and the content of soil hydrolytic nitrogen was the highest under the cotton peanut cropping mode; In terms of yield, the yield of peanut and cotton under cotton peanut rotation was higher than that of cotton and peanut continuous cropping, and the yield of peanut under cotton peanut planting mode was 16.33% higher than that under peanut planting mode; Under peanut cotton rotation, cotton yield increased by 9% compared with cotton continuous cropping.【Conclusion】Cotton-peanut rotation planting mode can improve soil fertility and crop yield in continuous cropping cotton field in Xinjiang.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing

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Establishment of genetic transformation and regeneration systems for different melon varieties and rapid acquisition of gene edited plants Kadierayi Maimaiti, ZHOU Tingting, HAN Sheng, Meilikehan Rexiti, Yushanjiang Maimaiti 2024, 61(7): 1666-1672.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (990KB) ( )   【Objective】Study on establishment of genetic transformation and regeneration systems for different melon varieties and rapid acquisition of gene edited plants.【Methods】The cotyledons of four melon varieties, including Bawudun, Laohangua, Qiligan, and Xinmiza No. 11 (86-1).The sweet melon cotyledons were infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated method, and a genetic transformation and regeneration system of Laohan melon was established by tissue culture method and then genetically edited plants were obtained through PCR detection.【Results】The results showed that Laohan melon was selected as the dominant variety from four melon varieties as the explants. It was pre-cultured on MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L medium for 2 days and co-cultured for 3 days, then it was further cultured on MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+hygromycin 5 mg/L+cephalosporin 250 mg/L screened medium for 7 days, after that, small buds were seen growing on MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+hygromycin 5 mg/L+cephalosporin 250 mg/L adventitious bud induction medium for 1-2 weeks. The induced buds were placed on both non hygromycin and hygromycin added bud elongation medium for cultivation. It was found that the growth rate of the induced buds on the non hygromycin added bud elongation medium was faster than that on the hygromycin added medium, which shortened the growth of the buds to the two leaf seedling stage by 3 weeks. One bud DNA was cut off in a sterile environment and 21 transformed plants were examined by RT-PCR.【Conclusion】Gene edited plant buds were successfully selected on a shoot elongation medium with added hygromycin. The use of a shoot elongation medium without added hygromycin can shorten the time for obtaining gene edited plants by 3 weeks.

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Identification of genome size and chromosomal ploidy of three prunus species by flow cytometry WANG Yatong, GUO Jingjing, YANG Fenfen, NIU Yingying, ZHANG Shikui, FAN Guoquan, WANG Shangdong, GENG Wenjuan 2024, 61(7): 1673-1681.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1157KB) ( )   【Objective】To explore FCM detection system suitable for different Prunus resources, estimate their genome size and ploidy, and provide basis for the identification, classification, genome and transcriptome of Prunus resources. 【Methods】Three commonly used nuclear lysates were screened and optimized by FCM, and the most suitable lysates were selected to detect the genome size and chromosome ploidy of three plum plants. 【Results】LB01, Marie's and WPB lysates were all effective in the detection of P.simonii Carr., and WPB lysates was the best. The two lysates Marie's and LB01 did not match with P.domestica L., and the improved WPB lysate was the most suitable for P.simonii Carr. and LB01 lysate did not match, WPB lysate had better cracking effect on P.simonii Carr. than Marie's lysate, and the improved WPB lysate had the best cracking effect on P.simonii Carr. The two lysates Marie's and LB01 did not match with P.domestica L., and the improved WPB lysate was the most suitable for P.domestica L.. The P.simonii Carr. and LB01 lysate did not match, WPB lysate had better cracking effect on P.simonii Carr..than Marie's lysate, and the improved WPB lysate had the best cracking effect on P.simonii Carr. With genome sizes ranging from 491.22 to 566.40 Mb and 514.46 to 573.83 Mb, respectively, with an average genome size of 1,678.37 Mb. 【Conclusion】The identified germplasm resources of P.cerasifera Ehrh. and P.simonii Carr. were all diploid, while the P.domestica L. germplasm resources were all hexaploid, the genome size of different varieties in each species of Prunus genus is different.

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Effects of density transformation on microenvironment and spectral characteristics of Fuji orchards in Xinjiang MEI Chuang, FENG Beibei, MA Liya, ZHANG Zhenjun, ZHANG Jinshan, MA Yanhong, WANG Jixun, YAN Peng 2024, 61(7): 1682-1688.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (846KB) ( )   【Objective】To explore the effects of density transformation on canopy temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and canopy reflection spectrum in closed Fuji orchards, so as to solve the problems of reduced orchard productivity, decreased fruit quality and low comparative benefit. 【Methods】The old and inefficient closed Fuji orchards in Akesu, Xinjiang were taken as the test object, the temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and canopy reflectance spectra in the canopy of the fruit trees under density transformation and normal pruning were compared, and the differences were analyzed to explore the effects of density transformation on the microenvironment and spectral characteristics of the Fuji orchards in Xinjiang.【Results】The light intensity of the canopy was higher than that of the control (especially the upper canopy).Compared with the control the apple orchard density transformation had a significant effect on the canopy temperature and humidity(P<0.05).The relative light intensity of the same tree crown was higher than of the control,and the upper relative light intensity difference reached a significant level(P<0.05).The reflectance of different light quality of the canopy reflectance increased in different degree after the tree density reconstruction.【Conclusion】The density transformation significantly reduced the temperature and relative humidity in the canopy, and the light intensity in the four directions, east, west, north and south in the canopy was improved to different degrees compared with the control, and the reflectance of different light qualities in the canopy reflection spectrum was also increased significantly.The density transformation can significantly improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions and the distribution mode and intensity of light quality in orchards.

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Studies on the heredity disciplinarian of cold hardiness of hybrids progenies of apples in northern Xinjiang SONG Mei, Buka Ouerna, LI Guoping, LING Yizhang 2024, 61(7): 1689-1695.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (646KB) ( )   【Objective】This project aims to screen out new apple varieties with strong cold hardiness by studying the heredity disciplinarian of cold hardiness in apple hybrid progenies, so as to lay a foundation for the development of coldhardiness breeding of apples in North Xinjiang.【Methods】The F1 generations hybrid progeny of Huahong×uanshuai, Guoguang×Huahong, Donglimeng×Huahong, and the F2 generations hybrid progeny of Chiyang×Xinhong (Huahong×Yuanshuai), Jinguan×Xinguang (Guoguang×Huahong), Jinguan×Xindong (Donglimeng×Huahong), were used as test materials.The genetic tendency of cold hardiness in the first and second generations of apple hybrids, the offspring of recrossing between F1 generation and big apple, and the reciprocal hybrid combinations of small apple with cold resistance and big apple were investigated.【Results】F1 has a cold resistance of 26.45%,and F2 is only 1.35%,The F2 generation has decreased by 25.1% compared the F1 generation.F2 generation has a higher mutation rate than F1 generation,among them,the combination of Jinguan×Xinguang(Guoguang×Huahong)has the highest variation rate.The order of the number of plants appearing at each level is level 4>level 2>level 3>level 1>level 0.【Conclusion】After the small cold resistance apples were hybridized with excellent big apples, the cold hardiness of filial generation was affected greatly by small apples.Small apples had strong hereditary capacity.When F1 generation with strong cold hardiness was crossed with big apple, the cold resistance of F2 generation decreased significantly.When reciprocal cross between the big apples without cold hardiness and small apples with cold hardiness were carried out, the small apples with cold hardiness as female parents were significantly better than them as male parents.

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Effects of different irrigation amounts on storage quality of Korla fragrant pear fruit under irrigation mode XU Jinzong, BAO Jianping 2024, 61(7): 1696-1709.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2568KB) ( )   【Objective】The research aims to study the effects of different drip irrigation amounts on the storage quality of Korla fragrant pear fruit, so as to provide reference for the study of water-saving irrigation and storage time of the fruit.【Methods】The 5-year-old trunk-shaped Korla fragrant pear tree was used as the test material, and 5 drip irrigation gradients were set. At the mature stage, 50 fruits were randomly picked in each group and stored for 0,10,20,30,40 d to determine the fruit quality.【Results】The fruits treated with W1 (5,460 m3/hm2) were not resistant to storage and all rotted after 40 days of storage. The fruit treated with W5 (7,140 m3/hm2) had the best storage quality. After 40 days of storage, the content of soluble protein in peel was the highest, which was 2.37 mg/g, the content of VC in peel was the highest, which was 2.36 mg/100g, and the content of soluble sugar in pulp was the highest, which was 11.6 %. The comprehensive evaluation of principal component analysis showed it ranked the first.【Conclusion】The fruit quality of Korla fragrant pear is the best after 40 days of long-term storage under the drip irrigation amount of W5 (7,140 m3 / hm2). When the drip irrigation amount was too small, it was not conducive to the improvement of the storage quality of the pear.

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Study on extraction of apple tree height at different flight altitudes using multispectral UAV ZHANG Zhenfei, GUO Jing, YAN An, HOU Zhengqing, YUAN Yilin, XIAO Shuting, SUN Zhe 2024, 61(7): 1710-1716.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1406KB) ( )   【Objective】The purpose of this study is to utilize multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery to rapidly, accurately, and non-destructively acquire height information of apple trees, aiming to achieve monitoring of apple tree growth conditions using UAV remote sensing technology and analyze the influence of UAV flight height on the extraction results of tree height. 【Methods】The DJI Phantom 4 multispectral UAV was employed to acquire UAV imagery of apple trees at flight heights of 30, 60, and 90 m, respectively. The acquired imagery was processed using DJI Terra software to generate digital orthophoto models (DOM) and digital surface models (DSM). Based on the generated DOM and DSM, a digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area was created using the Kriging interpolation method. The difference between the DSM and DEM was used to generate the canopy height model (CHM) for extracting tree height. Regression analysis and accuracy validation were conducted by comparing the extracted tree heights with field-measured values.【Results】The average accuracy of tree height extraction at a flight height of 30 m was 88.49%, with an R2 value of 0.8378 and an RMSE of 0.403,1 m. At a flight height of 60m, the average accuracy of tree height extraction was 74.72%, with an R2 value of 0.657,7 and an RMSE of 0.884,6 m. At a flight height of 90 m, the average accuracy of tree height extraction was 56.20%, with an R2 value of 0.527,3 and an RMSE of 1.476,7 m. 【Conclusion】The use of multispectral UAV remote sensing technology enables the extraction of apple tree height possible. The extraction accuracy decreases with an increase in UAV flight height. The best results are obtained at a flight height of 30 m, while the poorest results are obtained at a flight height of 90 m. Within appropriate flight heights, multispectral UAV remote sensing technology can rapidly, accurately, and non-destructively monitor the growth conditions of orchard fruit trees, thereby improving the management efficiency for orchard operators.

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Effect of preharvest spraying of CaCl2 on postharvest fruit softening quality of prunes TIAN Quanming, YAN Beibei, QI Huamei, WEI Jia, ZHANG Zheng, XIN Shijun, WANG Man, YUAN Yuyao, WU Bin 2024, 61(7): 1717-1726.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1391KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the effects of pre-harvest CaCl2 spray treatment on post-harvest fruit softening and cell wall metabolism of prunes. 【Methods】Using Franciscan prunes from Jiashi County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, as the test material.2% CaCl2 was used to spray the fruits during the expansion, colour change and harvesting periods, and the post-harvested prune fruits were placed in cold storage at a temperature of (4±1)℃ and a humidity of 90%-95% for 42 d.【Results】The results showed that preharvest CaCl2 treatment inhibited the rise in respiratory intensity and cell membrane perm ability of prune fruit, delayed the onset of respiratory peaks, delayed the decline in raw pectin and cellulose content, and inhibited the rise in soluble pectin, polygalacturonase, pectin methyl esterase, cellulase and β-glucosidase activities. CaCl2 put off the post-harvest softening process of prune fruit by delaying the degradation of cell wall components, thus effectively maintaining the postharvest hardness of prune fruit. By 28 day of storage, the hardness of CaCl2 treated prune fruit increased by 11.23 %, the cellulose content increased by 8.51 % and the polygalacturonase, pectin methyl esterase, cellulase and β-glucosidase activities decreased by 4.31 %, 32.60 %, 24.60 % and 64.38 %, respectively. 【Conclusion】Therefore, CaCl2 preharvest treatment is a preservation method to improve the post-harvest quality of prune fruit.

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Effects of increased application of microbial fertilizer on soil microbial diversity of cucumber in facilities LIU Huifang, HAN Hongwei, ZHUANG Hongmei, WANG Qiang, GAO Axiang, WANG Hao 2024, 61(7): 1727-1737.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3238KB) ( )   【Objective】In order to study the effect of increased application microbial fertilizer on the structure and function of soil microbial community. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the use of microbial fertilizer, ecological management, soil improvement and increasing vegetable yield in the process of protected vegetable cultivation.【Methods】Cucumber was taken as the experimental material, soil microorganisms as the research object, and soil without microbial fertilizer as the control, and 16SrRNA and fungal ITS region sequencing were used to study the effect of microbial fertilizer on the structure and function of soil community. 【Results】Increasing microbial fertilizer application could increase the bacterial abundance of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexium and Firmicutes, and the fungal abundance of basidiomycetes, and decrease the fungal abundance of Ascomycetes and Perispora. It could also increase the uniformity of microorganisms in soil, the bacterial diversity and reduce the diversity of fungi. By increasing the content of beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogenic fungi, the population could be enriched and the function of soil microbial community effectively improved, thus causing metabolic function of microbial community stronger than that of control soil. 【Conclusion】The application of microbial fertilizer can improve the soil nutrient environment, provide sufficient nutrients and energy for the life activities of soil microorganisms, thereby promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, enriching the population, and effectively improving the function of soil microbial communities.

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Effects of exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide and melatonin on fruit quality and peel morphology of cherry tomato ZHANG Fulin, LI Ning, LIU Yuxiang, CHEN Yijia, YU Qinghui, YAN Huizhuan 2024, 61(7): 1738-1747.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2035KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the effects of different concentrations of EBR and MT treatments on the quality of cherry tomato fruits during growth and development, in order to provide some theoretical or technical support for improving the quality of cherry tomato fruits.【Methods】Cherry tomato fruits were sprayed with three concentrations of EBR and MT at the expansion, green ripening, color change and red ripening stages to determine the fruit quality and cell structure.【Results】Cumulative spraying of plant growth regulators under all six treatments was found to produce varying degrees of effect at the time of fruit entry into the red ripening stage, and the mass of single fruit was significantly higher than the control by 29.96% under the MT treatment of 100 μmol/L; Fruit hardness is enhanced by 17.21% under EBR treatment of 0.1 mg/L compared to the control; EBR at 0.1 mg/L and MT at 100 μmol/L were the highest enhancements in sugar-acid ratio, soluble protein, and vitamin C compared to control (CK) for both plant growth regulators, with 51.14% and 58.81%, 37.96% and 39.40%, 37.96% and 39.40%, 49.05% and 27%, respectively; EBR at 0.05 mg/L and MT at 100 μmol/L were the highest elevations of soluble solids among the two plant growth regulators with 24.01% and 44.10%, respectively; The outer epidermis increased under all three EBR treatments compared to CK; thick horn tissue increased by 10.06% under 0.1 mg/L EBR treatment compared to the control.【Conclusion】It was found that cherry tomatoes under 0.1 mg/L EBR treatment had better storage and transportation resistance, and cherry tomatoes under 100 μmol/L MT treatment had better intrinsic quality.

Plant Protection·Soil Fertilizer

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Effects of biopharmaceutical mixture on the control and growth of cotton Verticillium wilt MA Baihuan, ZHAO Qiang, XIE Jia, XU Kaiyue, REN Ruofei, SONG Xinghu 2024, 61(7): 1748-1756.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1036KB) ( )   【Objective】In order to explore the effects of biological pesticide combinations on cotton Verticillium wilt control and growth, and provide theoretical basis for the healthy growth of cotton plants. 【Methods】A field experiment was conducted in 2022, with Xinluzhong 42 as the experimental variety and drip application as the main method applying 80% ethyl allicin emulsifiable concentrate of 1.5 kg/hm2 and potassium phosphite of 15 L/hm2 based on a glutathione content of 0.3 kg/hm2, they were compounded with antiviral agents (T1, 0.15 L/hm2), composite microbial fertilizer (T2, 30 L/hm2), 15% oxamycin (T3, 2.25 kg/hm2), 5% octambumide acetate (T4, 1.5 kg/hm2), and 25% pyrazolin (T5, 2.25 L/hm2), respectively; The effects of different pesticides on cotton disease control, agronomic traits, and yield were analyzed. 【Results】The results showed that each treatment had significant control effects on cotton diseases, promoted cotton growth to a certain extent, and increased cotton plant height, number of fruit branches, and number of buds and bolls. The control effect of T2 treatment on cotton diseases was 19.99% and 23.34% higher than that of T1 and T3 treatment, and the number of bolls in T1 and T2 treatment increased by 1.8 and 2.67 compared to CK treatment. The seed cotton yield of T2 treatment was 6,104.86 kg/hm2, which had the highest yield and reached significance than other treatments. 【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions, drip application of compound microbial fertilizer+80% acetoallin EC+potassium phosphite+glutathione (T2) can improve the disease control effect to a certain extent, increase the number of buds and bolls per plant, and significantly increase yield.

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Study on the using pattern of Cydia pomonella L. and Grapholitha molesta Busck Sex Pheromone in walnut orchard Yasen Tuerdi, MA Tianyu, Tuerdimaimaiti Nuermaimaiti, Adili Shataer 2024, 61(7): 1757-1765.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1031KB) ( )   【Objective】To explore the mode of scientific use of sex pheromone for Cydia pomonella L. and Grapholitha molesta Busck control in walnut orchard. 【Methods】In this study, different suspension densities (300, 450, 600 roots/hm2) and heights (6-8 m, 8 m, 6 m) of the sex pheromone were set in walnut orchards for two consecutive years from 2021 to 2022, and the effects of different suspension densities and heights of the sex pheromone on the control of C. pomonella L. and G. molesta Busck were determined through field bewildering interference tests.【Results】Compared with the control, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the disorientation rate and fruit infestation rate of mixed sex pheromone of C. pomonella L. and G. molesta Busck, sex pheromone of C. pomonella L. and G. molesta Busck with the density of 300, 450, 600 roots/hm2. The tropism effect of high density treatment was the best, and there was no significant difference between the disorientation rate and fruit infestation rate of mixed sex pheromone of C. pomonella L. and G. molesta Busck, sex pheromone of C. pomonella L. and G. molesta Busck with the same density treatment. Compared with the control, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the rate of disorientation and the rate of fruit decay when the suspension height of the disorientation wire was 6-8 m (double layer), 8 m and 6 m. The disorientation effect of the disorientation wire with a suspension height of 8 m on the codling moth and the oriental fruit moth was the best, the disorientation rate reached 96.41% and 99.71%, respectively, and the control effect reached 90.70%.【Conclusion】Considering the economic cost and control effect in production, it is suggested that the optimal setting density of mixed sex pheromone of C. pomonella L. and G. molesta Busck in walnut orchard is 450 roots/hm2, the optimal suspension height is 8 m, and it is recommended to use it in a large area for more than 1 year.

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Isolation and identification of the pathogen for potato black scurf in Xinjiang SHEN Hongfei, JIA Fenglian, LIU Yi, WU Yan, YANG Ruwei, SUN Hui, LI Guangyue 2024, 61(7): 1766-1771.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (903KB) ( )   【Objective】To isolate and identify the pathogen causing potato black scurf in Xinjiang in the hope of providing a foundation for screening of control agents and establishment of control technology. 【Methods】Potato tubers were collected from Jimsar, Qitai, Dabancheng and Zhaosu in Xinjiang, and Rhizoctonia solaniwere isolated from tubers with potato black scurf by tissue separation method. Anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solaniwere identified by paired culture and ITS sequence analysis. 【Results】The four strains isolated from Jimsar, Qitai, Dabancheng and Zhaosu were all able to cause the symptoms of potato black scurf on potato tubers. The isolated strains were Anastomosis groups AG3. 【Conclusion】Anastomosis Groups AG3 is the main pathogenic group of potato black scurf in Xinjiang.

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Study on the spatial distribution and sampling technique of Grapholitha funebrana LIU Yuping, XU Bingqiang, SONG Bo, LI Haiqiang, CHEN Haoyu, HAO Jingzhe, ZHU Xiaofeng, REN Jinlong 2024, 61(7): 1772-1777.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (583KB) ( )   【Objective】To clarify the spatial distribution patterns and sampling techniques of Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke larvae in orchards, so as to provide theoretical basis for scientific control, investigation and sampling of the insect.【Methods】The spatial distribution pattern and sampling technique were studied by means of aggregation index method, Iwao regression analysis, Taylor's power law and Iwao optimal sampling model.【Results】The spatial distribution pattern of larva was related to population density. With the increase of population density, the spatial distribution of larva changed from uniform distribution to aggregation distribution. The distribution of larva was uniform distribution when the rate of caries was 0.22%, and the distribution of larva was aggregatived when the rate of caries was 1.67%-10.10%. The causes of aggregation were caused by their living habits and environmental conditions. The optimum sampling number under different population densities and allowable errors was determined.【Conclusion】With the increase of population density, the spatial distribution of larva larvae changes from uniform distribution to aggregation distribution. For the orchards with aggregation distribution (fruit decay rate >1.67%), it is important to control the plant or the parts with serious damage, which is the key measure to effectively control the spread and damage of G. funebrana.

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Structure prediction of the ACC protein from Pontibacter kalidii XAAS-72T with the plant growth-promoting character WANG Huinan, ZHU Jing, XIE Wenwen, HE Zixuan, BAI Xiaoyu, ZHU Yanlei, ZHANG Zhidong 2024, 61(7): 1778-1785.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1361KB) ( )   【Objective】To explore the plant growth promotion function of a novel strain Pontibacter kalidii XAAS-72T, and investigate the potential functional genes. 【Methods】The strain whole genome was sequenced, and the composition of function genes were analyzed. A candidate gene related to ACC deaminase synthesis was obtained, and the enzyme protein characteristics were predicted. 【Results】The results showed that the growth of wheat seed treated with Pontibacter kalidii XAAS-72T was promoted significantly in pots.The genome length of strain XAAS-72 (accession no. CP111079) was 5,054,860 bp, containing one circular plasmid. A total GC content was 54.52%, and the number of annotated genes was 4,391, coding for 4,261 proteins. A variety of resistance and growth-promoting related genes was observed. It had the highest similarity of 72.48% to the ACC deaminase of Pontibacter sp. BAB1700. It an unstable hydrophilic protein, with none of transmembrane structure and signal peptide structure. 【Conclusion】Pontibacter kalidii XAAS-72T harbors a lot of genes related to the stress resistance and the plant growth-promoting.

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Study on spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of plastic film residue WU Xianglin, MA Honghong, MA Xingwang, SHAN Nana, YANG Zhiying 2024, 61(7): 1786-1792.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (992KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the variation characteristics of residual film amount in soil layer of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 a 0-40 cm.【Methods】(1) Each sampling point had 5 quadrats, each quadrat size was 100 cm×100 cm, and the residual film amount of 0-40 cm soil layer was measured layer by layer.(2) Investigation of the basic situation of plastic film recycling.【Results】(1) The order of soil residual film in 0-40 cm soil layer was 20 > 15 > 5 > 10 > 25 > 30 a, ranging from 92.83-195.13 kg/hm2, with an average of 128.88 kg/hm2.(2) With the increase of years, the order of residual film amount in 0-10 cm soil layer was 5 > 10 > 30 > 15 > 25 > 20 a, and the difference of residual film amount was not significant.The order of residual film amount in 10-20 cm layer was 15 > 20 > 30 > 10 > 5 > 25 a, and the residual film amount in 15 and 20 a was higher than that in 5, 10, 25 and 30 a, and the difference was significant.The order of residual film amount in 20-30 cm soil layer was 15 > 20 > 10 > 25 > 5 > 30 a, and the residual film amount in 15 and 20 a was high, which was significantly different from that in 5 and 30 a.The order of residual film amount in 30-40 cm soil layer is 20 > 25 > 5 > 15 > 30 > 10 a, and the residual film amount in 20 and 25 a is higher, which is significantly different from that in 5, 10, 15 and 30 a.(3) With the increase of soil depth: there is no significant difference in residual film amount between soil layers in 5 a; The residual film amount of 10 a 0-30 cm soil layer was not significantly different, and the residual film amount of 30-40 cm soil layer was significantly different from that of other soil layers.There were significant differences in the residual film amount between 10-20 cm and 0-10 cm and 30-40 cm soil layers at 15 a, and significant differences between 30-40 cm and 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers.There was no significant difference in the amount of residual film between the soil layers from 20 to 30 a.【Conclusion】(1) With the increase of mulching years, the amount of residual film in the 5-30 a 0-40 cm soil layer first increased and then decreased, reaching the peak at 20 a mulching, and showing a slight downward trend overall.(2) With the increase of mulching years, the residual film amount of 5-30 a 0-10 cm soil layer decreased first and then increased, and the overall trend was downward.The residual film amount of 10-20 cm soil layer increased first and then decreased, and the overall change trend was not obvious.The residual film amount of 20-30 cm soil layer first increased and then decreased, and the overall trend was slightly decreasing.The residual film amount in the 30-40 cm soil layer first increased and then decreased, and the overall trend was increasing.(3) With the increase of soil depth, the amount of residual film in each year of 5-30 a shows a downward trend, mainly accumulating in 0-30 cm, and a small amount of residual film in 30-40 cm.The 0-10 cm soil layer of 5 and 10 a is the main accumulation area.The main accumulation zone was the 10-20 cm soil layer at 15, 25, 30 a.The residual film amount of the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers coated with film was basically the same.

Prataculture·Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization·Animal Husbandry Veteri-narian

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Effects of mixed seeding of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass on yield and nutritional quality under different nitrogen levels MA Yong, LIU Hui, GAO Hhongmei, KANG Xue, MA Chunhui 2024, 61(7): 1793-1804.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1235KB) ( )   【Objective】The effects of mixed sowing of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass on yield and nutritional quality under different nitrogen levels were explored, and the proportion of mixed sowing under the best nitrogen level was screened.【Methods】Alfalfa (WL525HQ) and perennial ryegrass (Toya) were used as materials, and a two-factor split-plot design was used.The nitrogen application rate was the main area, N0 : no nitrogen application ; N1 : 20% of the total nitrogen application was base fertilizer, 20% of the top dressing at branching stage, and 60% of the top dressing at budding stage ; N2 : 20% of the total nitrogen application rate was base fertilizer, 30% of the top dressing at branching stage, and 50% of the top dressing at budding stage ; the mixed sowing ratio of alfalfa (M) and perennial ryegrass (L) was 22.5 kg / hm2 and 60.0 kg / hm2, respectively.Alfalfa + perennial ryegrass 7∶3 (M7 + L3), alfalfa + perennial ryegrass 6∶4 (M6 + L4), alfalfa + perennial ryegrass 5∶5 (M5 + L5), alfalfa + perennial ryegrass 4∶6 (M4 + L6), alfalfa + perennial ryegrass 3∶7 (M3 + L7) ; the sowing amount of each plot was sowed according to the percentage of single sowing treatment, with 3 replicates.The yield and nutritional quality of each treatment were compared and analyzed.【Results】Under N0, N1 and N2 nitrogen levels, the hay yield of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed sowing in different stubbles was significantly higher than that of single sowing (P<0.05), and the hay yield of M5 + L5 treatment reached 1.06 t / hm2.Under N0, N1 and N2 nitrogen levels, CP, DM, RFV, TDN and CP yield content per unit area were significantly higher than those of single sowing (P<0.05), and NDF and ADF were significantly lower than those of single sowing (P<0.05).Under N1 nitrogen level, the CP content of M7 + L3 treatment was the highest (P < 0.05), and increased first and then decreased with the increase of the proportion of perennial ryegrass.The CP content of M5 + L5 treatment was the highest, and the DM content of M6 + L4 treatment was the highest (P< 0.05).The RFV and TDN of M5 + L5 treatment were the highest (P < 0.05).The contents of NDF and ADF in M5 + L5 treatment were the lowest (P < 0.05), and decreased first and then increased with the increase of the proportion of perennial ryegrass.【Conclusion】The yield, CP, DM, RFV, TDN and crude protein content per unit area of mixed sowing of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass at different nitrogen levels were higher than those of monoculture, and the contents of NDF and ADF were lower than those of monoculture.The optimum ratio of mixed sowing of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass was 5∶5.The annual hay yield reached 1.06 t / hm2, the crude protein content was 26.05%, and the NDF and ADF were 26.03% and 26.03%, respectively; The forage yield and nutritional quality of nitrogen treatment were higher than that of the control group, and the nitrogen utilization rate of perennial ryegrass in mixed sowing increased with the increase of its proportion.Among them, 20% of the total nitrogen application rate (100kg / hm2) was the base fertilizer, 20% of the topdressing at the branching stage, and 60% of the topdressing at the budding stage was the best.

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Research on recognition and localization of unordered stacked watermelons based on machine vision WU Fengyang, HUANG Wenqian, TIAN Xi, YANG Yulin 2024, 61(7): 1805-1813.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1568KB) ( )   【Objective】To study a watermelon recognition and positioning technology based on machine vision to meet the automation requirements of watermelon handling equipment. 【Methods】2D image data and 3D point cloud data of watermelon were collected and the OpenCV function library was called to segment the two-dimensional image of watermelon and extract the outer contour of the watermelon; The 3D point cloud data was preprocessed using the PCL function and perform graphic feature matching with the 2D image to extract the centroid points of the top layer watermelon.【Results】The validation test results showed that the total recognition rate of the number of watermelons in a single round was 97.62%, the correct recognition rate was 95.58%, and the centroid recognition rate was 92.72%. The total recognition rate of 20 rounds of testing was 98.02%, the total correct recognition rate was 96.53%, the total centroid recognition rate was 94.17%, and the error rate between the total centroid number and the total number of watermelons was 2.36%; The total time for watermelon image processing was 101.8 seconds, which improved the efficiency by 77.8%.【Conclusion】The watermelon recognition and positioning method proposed in this article has high recognition rate and low error rate, which can provide technical support and algorithm reference for the visual part of automatic handling equipment.

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Estimation of genetic parameters and analysis of the effects of non-genetic factors on major economic traits in Suffolk sheep CHEN Shenglei, SUN Guozhi, ZHANG Guowei, MA Haiyu, LIU Lingling, ZHANG Weizhong, LIU Wujun 2024, 61(7): 1814-1820.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.030 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (611KB) ( )   【Objective】This project aims to estimate the genetic parameters of the main economic traits of Suffolk sheep and to analyze the effects of non-genetic factors on the main economic traits. traits【Methods】In this experiment, a total of 4,156 individual identification records of Suffolk sheep from 2017-2023 in Xinjiang Manas breeding farm were collected, and the DMU software was used to estimate the genetic parameters of the main economic traits, and the SAS software was used to analyze the effects of five fixed effects, including birth type, year of birth, group, litter size, and age of the ewe on each trait. 【Results】The heritability of the main economic traits in Suffolk sheep was 0.17, 0.27, 0.31 in birth weight, weekly weight and chest circumference, respectively, while the heritability of 0.05 for daily weight gain was low, and the heritability of 0.38 for body height and 0.41 for body length were high, except for the negative correlation of chest circumference with body height and body length, the other traits showed positive correlation and the correlation of body height and chest circumference with daily weight gain was low. There were strong genetic and phenotypic correlations between height and chest circumference and daily weight gain, and the heritability of both was high. The birth weight, daily weight gain, weekly weight, body length and chest circumference of single fetuses were significantly higher than those of twin fetuses; the birth weight and daily weight gain of single fetuses were in an upward trend during the period of birth year; the birth weight, daily weight gain and weekly weight of group 1 were significantly higher than those of group 2, and the body height, length and chest circumference of group 2 were significantly higher than that of group 1; in the number of litters, the birth weight, daily weight gain and body height of litters 2, 3 and 4 were significantly higher than those of litters 1 and 5; The age of ewes at 2, 3 and 4 years old was significantly higher than that of 1 year old, daily weight gain and weekly weight at 1 and 2 years old were significantly higher than those of 3 and 4 years old, and there was no significant difference among other traits. 【Conclusion】Soffolk sheep are tall,the heritability of body length is high,weight at birth,weight at the age of one year,chest circumference belongs to medium heritability.The heritability of daily weight gain was low.There was a negative genetic correlation between chest circumference and body height and body length.The other traits were positively correlated.The soffolk sheep herd 2017-2019 early growth traits showed an upward trend.The fecundity of 2 or 3 ewes reached the best level.