Abstract: 【 Objective 】 The study is to research the allelic composition and distribution of starch quality gene (Wx-A1,Wx-B1 and Wx-D1) and the difference of starch quality gene between local wheat materials of Xinjiang and introduced wheat materials in the hope of laying the foundation for improving wheat variety in Xinjiang. 【 Method 】Using molecular markers MAG264, BDFL/BRD and MAG269 to identify the distribution of starch quality genes Wx-A1,Wx-B1 and Wx-D1 in cultivated wheat germplasms in Xinjiang.【 Result 】The results showed that in the 169 materials to be identified, 18.67% materials of winter wheat had allele Wx-A1a and Wx-B1a,10.67% had Wx-D1a, and 30.85% materials of spring wheat had allele Wx-A1b, 41.49% had Wx-B1b. The distribution frequencies of oversea cultivars, other Chinese cultivars, Xinjiang local cultivars were respectively 74.49%,84.78% and 56% in mutant gene type Wx-A1a,for Wx-A1b gene type, they were respectively 25.51%,15.22% and 44%, for Wx-B1a gene type they were respectively 63.27 %, 82.61 % and 64 %,for Wx-B1b gene type they were respectively 36.73%,17.39 % and 36 %. All foreign varieties and Xinjiang local varieties carried Wx-D1a gene, 82.61% materials of other Chinese cultivars had Wx-D1a and 17.39% materials of other Chinese cultivars had Wx-D1b. Foreign varieties and local varieties of Xinjiang did not carry this gene.【 Conclusion 】The study concluded that the frequency of subunit mutation of Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 genes in 94 spring wheat was much higher than that in winter wheat and Wx-D1b gene was not tested in Xinjiang local cultivars and other Chinese cultivars. 18.67% materials of spring wheat had allele Wx-A1a and Wx-B1a gene, 10.67% had Wx-D1a. At the same time, 14 varieties lost Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 gene types, among which 4 were Xinjiang local cultivars and 10 varieties were foreign ones. At the same time, three copies were of Wx-B1, Wx-D1 deletion gene type and they were all domestic cultivars.