Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application period on sugar beet net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Er), dry matter accumulation, yield and quality, irrigation water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity under different irrigation amount in order to provide scientific theoretical basis for the efficient use of water and fertilizer of sugar beet in arid area.【Method】The design of split plot experiment was adopted in the test. Two irrigation quotas were used in the main area and five nitrogen application periods were used in the deputy area. The total amount of pure nitrogen was the same as 120 kg/hm².【Result】Under the same nitrogen fertilizer application period treatment, with the decrease of irrigation amount, the Pn, the Er, the stem and leaf dry weight, the root dry weight, the total dry weight, the root weight, the yield and sugar yield (except N4 treatment) and nitrogen partial factor productivity were decreased, the sugar content, the yield increase rate, the irrigation water use efficiency and the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency were improved in sugar beet. Under the same irrigation amount treatment, with the postponing of nitrogen fertilizer application period, the above indexes increased first and then decreased, and the optimal compensation index was N4 treatment. Compared with 5,850 m³/hm² irrigation quota, the compensation index for peak value of each index of beet under 4,650 m³/hm² irrigation quota was increased by -1.6%-27.5%.【Conclusion】The reasonable water and nitrogen management mode in the sugarbeet production area of Northern Xinjiang was as follows: irrigation quota 4650 m³/hm², nitrogen fertilizer base application 1 or 2 times in mid-July.