Abstract: 【Objective】 Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of Main Characters of Different Cotton Cultivars in Oasis Arid Area in Xinjiang. This study can provide some theoretical basis for variety selection and cultivation of quality and efficiency cottons in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 In this study, the correlation and cluster analysis of the agronomic traits, quality, root system, yield and yield components of cotton under cultivation in oasis arid area of Xinjiang were conducted based on 16 representative cultivars of cotton in southern Xinjiang. 【Results】 The results showed that the boll weight of the per plant was 4.5-6.5 g, the number of bolls per plant and the yield of 10-108-3 were the highest, and the grey correlation between boll number and yield was the largest, with a value of 0.93. There was a significant positive correlation between seed index and seed cotton weight and fiber weight, with coefficients of 0.492 and 0.538, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between seed index and seed number, and the correlation coefficient was -0.532. The Micronaire value of each cultivar was 4.62-5.73, the specific intensity was negatively correlated with the Micronaire value, and it was positively correlated with the elongation. 【Conclusion】 The total root length was significantly positively correlated with the initial section, the number of fruit branches, and the elongation rate. The growth period was negatively correlated with the height of the cotyledonary node and the number of fruit branches, and was significantly correlated with the initial section, specific strength and elongation rate.