Abstract: 【Objective】 This paper takes the Tarim River basin, a typical inland basin, as the research area to explore the spatial and temporal evolution trend of ecosystem services under land use change in the Tarim River basin, so as to provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of land resources in arid areas. 【Methods】 The study applies spatial correlation analysis using Landsat TM remote sensing images for 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018. The land use data is extracted and the ESV coefficients are adjusted accordingly. 【Results】 (1) From 1990 to 2018, land use in the Tarim River Basin changed significantly. Construction land and cultivated land exhibited an increasing trend, while High, medium and low coverage grassland, forest land and water indicated a decreasing trend. Construction land increased the most, while water decreased the most. (2) Overall, ESV in the Tarim Basin charted a downward trend, from 872.884 billion yuan in 1990 to 767.165 billion yuan in 2018. From 2015 to 2018, the Basin’s ESV suffered the largest declines, with grassland ESV accounting for over 39% of the loss and adjustment services accounting for over 62%. 【Conclusion】 During the study period, the spatial distribution of ESV in the study area showed spatial distribution characterized that was either high in all directions or low in the middle, with significant positive spatial autocorrelation. The spatial distribution of ESV dynamic changes showed that ESV value-added regions were distributed in the southeast portion of the study area, while the ESV loss regions were distributed in the western and northern portions of the study area.