Abstract: 【Objective】 Plant resources with high aphid killing activity were selected from some plants collected in Xinjiang, so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of botanical pesticide,green control of cotton aphid and pesticide reduction. 【Methods】 The active substances from 28 plants were extracted by ultrasonic extraction method, and the insecticidal activity of plant extracts against Aphis gossypii was determined by the method of soaking insects and leaves. 【Results】 The extracts of Datura stramonium, Hemlock and Euphorbia pekinensis had high aphid killing activity. Among them, the extracts of Datura stramonium had the highest aphid killing activity, followed by the extracts of Panax pekinensis. The 24 h corrected mortality and LC₅₀ of Datura stramonium and Hemlock were 75.18%, 69.76%, 15.58 and 20.54 mg/mL, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The methanol extracts of Datura stramonium and Hemlock have strong insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii. The insecticidal activity of Datura stramonium extract is higher than that of Hemlock extract. These two plant extracts can be used as active components of botanical pesticides for further research and development.