Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the callus culture system of different materials of Xinjiang island cotton and to select variety with strong regeneration ability. 【Method】 With 105 accessions taken as research materials, hypodermal axis was cocultured with modified MS media, callus differentiation was induced in the 2,4-d-induced medium. After that, the conversion effect was verified by immersion-mediated red fluorescent protein. 【Result】 The proliferation rate of the callus in island cotton was related to different genotype. The improved MS co-medium and 2,4-D induction medium could be effective for the co-culture and embryogenic callus proliferation of Xinjiang island cotton. The appropriate culture time was 4 months for callus proliferation, and long time was not benefit for proliferation. Callus proliferation speed was positively correlated with the conversion rate, showing the material had a higher conversion rate of red fluorescent protein with the fast proliferation. Altogether, two island cotton accessions with fast multiplication and good conversion rate were selected. 【Conclusion】 In this study, the embryogenic callus culture system and identification method of Xinjiang island cotton are initially established, island cotton materials that have 9 good callus proliferation are screened out and that can be effectively transformed.