Abstract: 【Objective】 Through the study of soil nutrient supply in Xinjiang, this paper aims to further provide basic data for the evaluation of arable land quality. 【Method】 This paper collected soil nutrient supply data documented literature from 2000 to 2019 in Xinjiang, combining data created “3414” plan by the National Soil Testing Fertilization Formula Action and “3 plots experiments”, to explore soil N, P, K supply capacity in Xinjiang.Soil nutrient supply capacity was calculated by blank treatment in “3414” plan or “3 plots experiments” because nutrient contained in crops was fully from soil in these treatments.Soil available N, P, K contents were also compared with results of the 2nd National Soil Survey. 【Results】 (1) The average nitrogen (N) supply of soil at present stage was 199.50 kg/hm², the average phosphorus (P₂O₅) supply was 90.33 kg/hm², the average potassium (K₂O) supply of soil was 204.34 kg/hm², the dependence rates of crops on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were: 59.92%, 67.00%, 73.96%.In recent 20 years (2000-2019), soil nitrogen supply showed a trend of first decrease and then increase, soil phosphorus supply showed a progressively increasing trend.The potassium supply of soil showed an increasing- decreasing pattern.(2) Since the second soil census, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (except Tacheng Prefecture region and Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture) and rapidly-available phosphorus in soil have all increased and the content of available potassium in soil decreased. 【Conclusion】 At present, the soil nitrogen supply in the three major areas of Xinjiang is the highest in east part, followed by northern part; The soil phosphorus supply is the highest in east part and the lowest in southern part; and the soil potassium supply is the highest in southern area and the lowest in eastern area.The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in arable soil in Xinjiang are showing an increasing trend, while the content of soil available potassium decreased obviously.In order to obtain better economic benefits, environmentally friendly agriculture and the maximum efficiency of resource utilization.