Abstract: 【Objective】 The study investigated the bacterial presence in the anthers of Korla Fragrant pear blossoms, analyzing the changes in bacterial populations before and after flowering, to provide microbial resources for the prevention and control of common diseases in Fragrant pear trees in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The flat-plate coating method was employed to isolate and purify the bacteria from the anthers of Fragrant pear blossoms before and after flowering. The bacterial diversity was analyzed, and molecular identification was conducted using 16S rDNA gene sequencing to determine their taxonomic status. 【Results】 The bacterial species carried by the anthers of korla Fragrant pear blossoms before and after flowering exhibited diversity. Nine strains were randomly selected for molecular identification from the bacteria isolated from the anthers before flowering, all of which were categorized under the Bacillus genus, including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus velezensis. Additionally, seven strains were randomly selected from the bacteria isolated after flowering; these included not only Bacillus genus but also bacteria from the Sphingobium genus, indicating greater diversity in the bacteria after flowering compared to before. 【Conclusion】 Among the bacteria carried by the anthers before flowering, five strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis, two as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and two as Bacillus velezensis. After flowering, the bacteria included three strains of Bacillus subtilis, two strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, one strain of Bacillus paranthracis, and one strain of Sphingobacterium multivorum.