Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate the genotypic differences in anther culture ability of spring wheat varieties, establish the anther culture technology for wheat in Xinjiang, determine the anther culture ability of main cultivated and recently approved 14 spring wheat varieties, and select high anther culture ability parental materials for wheat breeding in the region. 【Methods】 Using mainly C₁₇-induced culture medium and NT5 differentiation culture medium as the main culture media, the anther culture technology was used to evaluate the callus induction rate, green plant differentiation rate, green plant production rate, albino plant differentiation rate, and albino plant production rate of the test materials, and then the correlation analysis of 5 anther culture traits was carried out. 【Results】 The range of callus induction rate, green plant differentiation rate, green plant production rate, albino plant differentiation rate, and albino plant production rate of 14 genotypes of spring wheat varieties was 0%-3.33%, 0%-220%, 0%-7.30%, 0%-50%, 0%-0.66%, respectively. The anther culture traits differed significantly among different genotypes, with the green plant differentiation rate showing the greatest variation. The callus induction characteristics were positively correlated with the differentiation of green plants and albino plants, but there was no correlation between callus regeneration and the differentiation into green plants or albino plants. 【Conclusion】 Five genotypes are screened out that could produce callus: Xinchun 6, Xinchun 39, Xinchun 43, Xinchun 44, and Xinchun 48. Among them, Xinchun 39 and Xinchun 44 have the highest green plant differentiation rates. The green plant differentiation rate of Xinchun 39 is 7.30%, and that of Xinchun 44 is 1.50%. Xinchun 39 and Xinchun 44 are selected as the core parental materials for anther culture breeding.