Objective This study aims to clarify the types and occurrence of potato virus diseases in Xinjiang, enhance the efficiency of potato virus disease detection, and achieve rapid identification of potato viruses.

Methods The virus detection and analysis of samples from three potato production counties in Xinjiang were carried out by applying biochip detection technology, including nucleic acid extraction, PCR amplification, molecular hybridization and high-precision fluorescence detection.

Results Among 164 samples tested, 37 were positive, with five distinct viruses detected: Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus M (PVM) and Potato mop-top virus (PMTV), The virus detection rate was 22.56%, with 2 samples showing co-infection by PVY and PLRV, accounting for 1.22%. Among the samples, PVS infection was the most severe, with a detection rate of 15.85% representing the highest proportion, followed by PLRV at 3.05%.

Conclusion Potato virus diseases in Xinjiang are primarily caused by five viral pathogens, with PVS exhibiting the highest detection rate. This virus is prevalent in Urumqi County and Zhaosu County, establishing it as the dominant regional pathogen. Single-virus infections represent the predominant form of diseased potatoes in the field. Biochip detection technology can effectively enhance virus detection rates, enabling real-time monitoring of viral infection in potato production. This provides technical support for the scientific prevention and control of potato viral diseases in Xinjiang.