马铃薯疮痂病拮抗菌的分离鉴定及室内杀菌剂的筛选

Isolation and identification of antagonistic bacteria and screening of fungicides against potato scab pathogen

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 近年来，新疆马铃薯疮痂病发病日趋严重，造成马铃薯产量及品质下降。本研究旨在针对新疆喀什地区泽普县马铃薯疮痂病病原菌，筛选可用于防控的低毒杀菌剂与拮抗细菌。
    方法 通过平板对峙法和滤纸片法筛选抑制马铃薯疮痂病病原菌的高效低毒杀菌剂和拮抗细菌。
    结果 比较咪鲜胺、烯酰吗啉、百菌清等9种杀菌剂对酸性疮痂链霉菌（Streptomyces acidiscabies）的室内抑菌圈，发现浓度为700 mg/L 的40%咪鲜胺对马铃薯疮痂病抑菌圈最大，直径达到（22.83 ± 1.04） mm；通过平板对峙法，筛选出拮抗效果最好的菌株B3；结合形态学和16S rDNA，菌株B3鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis。
    结论 本研究筛选获得对马铃薯酸性疮痂链霉菌抑菌效果最优的药剂为40%咪鲜胺，有效成分700 mg/L，同时获得拮抗效果优异的菌株B3，鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus. licheniformis，可为新疆马铃薯疮痂病绿色防控提供资源与依据。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective In recent years, potato scab has become increasingly severe in Xinjiang, leading to reduction in potato yield and quality. This study aimed to screen effective and low-toxic fungicides and antagonistic bacteria for controlling the pathogen of potato scab in Zepu County, Kashgar Region, Xinjiang.
    Methods The effective and low-toxic fungicides and antagonistic bacteria against potato scab pathogen were screened by plate confrontation method and filter paper method.
    Results Among 9 fungicides including prochloraz, dimethomorph, chlorothalonil, etc., 40% prochloraz at the concentration of 700 mg/L showed the largest inhibition zone against Streptomyces acidiscabies, with the diameter of (22.83 ± 1.04) mm. Strain B3 with the best antagonistic effect was screened by plate confrontation method. Based on morphology and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain B3 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis.
    Conclusion The optimal fungicide against S. acidiscabies is 40% prochloraz at 700 mg/L, and strain B3 with excellent antagonistic effect is identified as Bacillus licheniformis. It can provide resources and basis for green prevention and control of potato scab in Xinjiang.

     

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