不同品种牛不同部位肌肉纤维特性研究

Study on muscle fiber characteristics of different muscle parts of different cattle breeds

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析不同品种牛及不同部位肌肉纤维特性的差异，探讨肌纤维指标与牛肉肉质性状的关联机制。
    方法 选择24~26月龄的哈萨克牛（HSK）、新疆褐牛（XJH）、新疆褐牛（肉用型，RYHN）健康公牛各14头，在相同条件下集中育肥200 d后统一屠宰。采集冈下肌、菱形肌、背最长肌、腰大肌、半腱肌、股二头肌6个部位肌肉样品，制作石蜡切片并进行苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察，测定肌纤维数量、横截面积、直径，同时测定肌肉剪切力，并进行相关性分析。
    结果 新疆褐牛、新疆褐牛（肉用型）各部位肌肉肌纤维数量显著低于哈萨克牛（P<0.01），肌纤维横截面积与直径极显著高于哈萨克牛（P<0.01），新疆褐牛（肉用型）与普通新疆褐牛各指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）。部位间比较，菱形肌肌纤维横截面积与直径最大，半腱肌肌纤维数量最多；剪切力结果显示，新疆褐牛（肉用型）股二头肌、冈下肌、菱形肌、背最长肌剪切力低于其余2个品种。
    结论 不同品种牛与肌肉部位均可显著影响肌纤维组织学特性；肌纤维直径、横截面积与肉质剪切力呈显著正相关，肌纤维数量与剪切力呈显著负相关。研究结果可为新疆肉牛品种选育改良、肉质品质定向优化提供理论依据与数据支撑。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the differences in muscle fiber characteristics among different cattle breeds and muscle parts, and explore the correlation mechanism between muscle fiber indicators and beef quality traits.
    Methods Fourteen healthy bulls aged 24 - 26 months from Kazakh cattle (HSK), Xinjiang Brown cattle (XJH) and beef-type Xinjiang Brown cattle (RYHN) were selected, fattened uniformly for 200 days under identical feeding conditions and slaughtered collectively afterwards. Muscle samples were harvested from six locations including infraspinatus, rhomboideus, longissimus dorsi, psoas major, semitendinosus and biceps femoris. Paraffin sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) for histological observation. The number, cross-sectional area and diameter of muscle fibers as well as Warner–Bratzler shear force of muscle were determined, followed by correlation analysis.
    Results Across all sampled muscle parts, Xinjiang Brown cattle and beef-type Xinjiang Brown cattle had extremely significantly fewer muscle fibers (P<0.01), but remarkably larger fiber cross-sectional area and fiber diameter (P<0.01) compared with Kazakh cattle; no significant differences in all measured indicators existed between conventional and beef-type Xinjiang Brown cattle (P>0.05). For muscle parts, rhomboideus owned the maximum fiber cross-sectional area and diameter, while semitendinosus had the highest fiber count. The shear force values of biceps femoris, infraspinatus, rhomboideus and longissimus dorsi in beef-type Xinjiang Brown cattle were lower than those of the other two breeds.
    Conclusion Both cattle breed and anatomical site significantly affect the histological properties of muscle fibers. Fiber diameter and cross-sectional area are significantly positively correlated with muscle shear force, whereas fiber number is significantly negatively correlated with shear force. The findings provide theoretical reference and basic data for selective breeding improvement and targeted meat quality optimization of beef cattle in Xinjiang.

     

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