酸性硫酸钙减压浸泡处理对新疆杏干贮藏期病害抑制及品质的影响

Effects of acidic calcium sulfate decompression immersion treatment on disease suppression and quality maintenance of Xinjiang dried apricots during storage

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究酸性硫酸钙（Acidic calcium sulfate，ACS）对杏干贮藏期病害抑制及品质的影响，为干果贮藏期病害防控和品质维持提供理论依据。
    方法 测定ACS-10−1（pH 0.68）、ACS-10−2（pH 1.36）和ACS-10−3（pH 2.04）浓度ACS稀释液对杏干主要病原菌黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger，A.niger）、黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus，A.flavus）、赭曲霉（Aspergillus ochraceus，A.ochraceus）和意大利青霉（Penicillium italicum，P.italicum）菌丝生长和孢子萌发率的影响。以新疆‘赛买提’杏干为试材，采用ACS稀释液1000 Pa减压浸泡杏干后接菌，统计杏干发病情况；评估ACS减压浸泡对杏干贮藏品质维持作用。
    结果 ACS-10−1（pH 0.68）可完全抑制4种病原菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发。贮藏13 d，ACS减压浸泡各处理组发病率较对照组分别下降86.67%、73.33%和6.67%。贮藏60 d，ACS-10−1（pH 0.68）减压浸泡处理组杏干总色差（ΔE）和褐变度较对照组低46.56%和9.40%，延缓了可溶性固形物（Total soluble solids，TSS）含量下降，水分、还原糖、可滴定酸（Titratable acid，TA）、抗坏血酸（Ascorbic acid，AsA）、类胡萝卜素、总酚和类黄酮含量分别较对照组高7.24%、22.03%、16.58%、11.63%、9.72%、1.88%和1.33%。
    结论 ACS减压浸泡处理能有效降低杏干病害发生率，维持杏干的外观和营养品质，ACS-10−1（pH 0.68）为筛选出的最优处理浓度。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To study the effect of acidic calcium sulfate (ACS) on disease suppression and quality of dried apricot during storage, and to provide theoretical basis for disease prevention and control and quality maintenance of dried fruit during storage.
    Methods The effects of ACS dilutions at concentrations of ACS-10−1 (pH 0.68), ACS-10−2 (pH 1.36) and ACS-10−3 (pH 2.04) were determined on the growth of Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Aspergillus flavus (A.flavus), Aspergillus ochraceus (A. ochraceus) and Penicillium italicum (P. italicum) on mycelial growth and spore germination rate. Dried apricots of Xinjiang 'Saimaiti' were used as test material, and the dried apricots were inoculated with ACS dilution 1000 Pa decompression immersion, and the morbidity of the dried apricots was counted; the effect of ACS decompression immersion on the maintenance of storage quality of dried apricots was evaluated.
    Results ACS-10−1 (pH 0.68) completely inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of four pathogenic bacteria. For 13 d of storage, the incidence of ACS decompression dipping was reduced by 86.67%, 73.33% and 6.67% in each treatment group compared to the control group, respectively. After 60 d of storage, the total color difference (ΔE) and browning degree of dried apricots in the ACS-10−1 (pH 0.68) decompression immersion treatment group were 46.56% and 9.40% lower than that of the control group, delaying the decrease of total soluble solids (TSS) content, moisture, reducing sugar, titratable acid (TA), Ascorbic acid (AsA), carotenoids, total phenols and flavonoids contents were 7.24%, 22.03%, 16.58%, 11.63%, 9.72%, 1.88% and 1.33% higher than that of the control group, respectively.
    Conclusion ACS decompression soaking treatment was effective in reducing the incidence of dried apricot diseases and maintaining the appearance and nutritional quality of dried apricots, and ACS-10−1 (pH 0.68) was screened as the optimal treatment concentration.

     

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